Wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system and operation method

文档序号:1647758 发布日期:2019-12-24 浏览:11次 中文

阅读说明:本技术 风力机叶片实尺度模拟风力分布式加载测试系统及操作方法 (Wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system and operation method ) 是由 谭剑锋 蔡建纲 史瑞鹏 周天熠 夏云松 于 2019-10-21 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开了一种风力机叶片实尺度模拟风力分布式加载测试系统及操作方法,所述系统针对叶片面载的特点设计,包括:动力传动系统、支撑系统、检测控制系统和安全保障系统。动力传动系统包含电源、开关控制器、气泵和气囊;支撑系统包含主支撑钢架、传动系统支撑钢板、叶片支撑L型角钢和叶片装载装置;检测控制系统包含激光传感器、PLC控制箱和PC机;安全保障系统包含机械安全保障系统和电气安全保障系统。本发明能够实现对实际风力机叶片工作载荷的加载,通过检测控制系统调节各个加载区域的载荷量值,实现对结构加载的控制,具有结构简单,有效实用,安装方便等优点,可满足风力机叶片实尺寸结构模拟风力的加载。(The invention discloses a wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system and an operation method, wherein the system is designed aiming at the characteristics of blade surface loading, and comprises the following steps: the system comprises a power transmission system, a supporting system, a detection control system and a safety guarantee system. The power transmission system comprises a power supply, a switch controller, an air pump and an air bag; the supporting system comprises a main supporting steel frame, a transmission system supporting steel plate, blade supporting L-shaped angle steel and a blade loading device; the detection control system comprises a laser sensor, a PLC control box and a PC; the safety guarantee system comprises a mechanical safety guarantee system and an electrical safety guarantee system. The invention can realize the loading of the actual wind turbine blade working load, and the control of the structure loading is realized by adjusting the load magnitude of each loading area through the detection control system, thereby having the advantages of simple structure, effectiveness, practicability, convenient installation and the like, and being capable of meeting the loading of the wind turbine blade full-size structure simulation wind power.)

1. A wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system is characterized in that: the device comprises a power transmission system, a supporting system, a detection control system and a safety guarantee system;

the supporting system comprises a main supporting steel frame, a transmission system supporting steel plate, a blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame and a blade clamp; the main support steel frame is fixed on the ground through a first high-strength bolt, the upper part of the main support steel frame is connected with a transmission system support steel plate through a second high-strength bolt, the lower part of the main support steel frame is connected with a blade support L-shaped angle steel frame through a third high-strength bolt, and the blade clamp is fixed on the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame through a pin;

the power transmission system comprises a power supply, a switch controller, an air pump and an air bag; the power supply and the air pump are fixed on the side surface of the transmission system supporting steel plate in a bolt connection mode, and the air bag is arranged below the transmission system supporting steel plate;

the detection control system comprises a laser sensor, a PLC control box and a PC; the PLC control box and the PC are arranged on the side surface of the main support steel frame;

one port of the PC is connected with a PLC control box through a lead, the PLC control box is connected with a power supply through a lead, the power supply is connected with a switch controller through a lead to control an air pump to work, the air pump is connected with an air bag through a hose, and the other port of the PC is connected with a laser sensor arranged on the lower part of the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame through a lead; the laser sensor collects frequency signals when the blade is loaded and transmits the frequency signals to the PC;

the safety guarantee system comprises a mechanical safety guarantee system and an electrical safety guarantee system, the mechanical safety guarantee system comprises a safety frame and a nylon net, and the electrical safety guarantee system comprises a voltage protection device, a current protection device, a communication fault display device and an emergency stop device.

2. The wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system of claim 1, wherein: the main supporting steel frame is formed by connecting a plurality of steel materials through high-strength bolts.

3. The wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system of claim 1, wherein: the transmission system supporting steel plate and the blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame are connected with a main supporting steel frame through high-strength bolts, and a specified pre-tightening force is set through a gasket.

4. The operation method of the wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

1) determining the bearing limits of materials of a support steel plate of a transmission system, a blade support L-shaped angle steel frame and a main support steel frame according to the wind load value of a wind turbine during actual operation, wherein the rigidity requirement should be met on the premise that the processing materials of the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame and the main support steel frame meet the strength requirement; under the condition that the supporting system meets the test requirement, the loading system controls the load applied by the system according to the blade vibration frequency signal acquired by the laser sensor;

2) when loading, firstly, an initial signal is given through a PC, and the system starts to load; in the loading process, a laser sensor collects a blade vibration frequency signal, compares the blade vibration frequency signal with the actual vibration frequency of the blade in normal operation preset in a PC, and continuously sends out an adjusting instruction to enable the loading quantity value to reach a load value which forms the same vibration frequency to the blade;

3) the loading load is provided by the air bag, and the PLC control box controls the air pressure in the air bag in different areas, so that the effect of uneven surface loading is realized;

when the blade works, the surface wind loading mode is surface loading, the loading mode of applying load by the air bag can meet the loading mode, the air bag applying load needs to be processed in a partition mode in consideration of the difference of the surface load when the blade works, different areas are connected with different air pumps, so that different air pressures in different areas are realized according to different control signals transmitted by a PLC control system, and the aim of applying different distributed loads is fulfilled; in the test process, the power supply receives a control signal transmitted by the PLC control box to supply working energy to the air pump; the air bags in different areas are connected with an air pump, each air pump realizes positive and negative rotation, positive rotation air blowing, load applied by the air bags is increased, negative rotation air pumping is realized, load applied by the air bags is reduced, and specific working conditions are according to feedback signals of the laser sensor;

4) and (4) repeatedly circulating the steps until the vibration frequency signal reaches a preset normal value, realizing the effect of simulating wind power loading, and controlling the system to form a closed-loop system.

5. The operation method of the wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 3), under the condition that the requirement on the test precision is not high, the surface treatment of the load applied by the air bag is not required, and under the condition that the requirement on the test precision is high, the surface flow field of the blade during working needs to be fully analyzed, and then the surface of the air bag is specially processed according to the analysis report, so that a better simulation effect is realized.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system and an operation method, and belongs to the field of blade load simulation tests.

Background

With the gradual consumption of conventional energy and the increasing deterioration of global ecological environment, wind energy has great development potential as a new pollution-free renewable energy, and has very important significance for coastal cities with rich wind energy resources, original mountainous areas, wide grasslands and the like, and for frontier rural areas with slow development due to inconvenient traffic and inconvenient power grid. At present, the fatigue performance of the blade is difficult to obtain by simple calculation, and the following three main reasons exist: (1) the material property of the blade is special; (2) the structure and the process of the blade are complex (3) the working environment of the blade is severe. To validate the reliability of a designed blade, only fatigue tests of full-size blades are currently performed. Related scientific research institutions of internationally developed wind power technology countries are mostly provided with large blade detection platforms, and fatigue loading tests mainly adopt hydraulic direct loading and eccentric block loading modes. In recent years, the fatigue detection technology of domestic wind power blades is developed rapidly, and blade detection forms diversified forms of foreign enterprises, civil enterprises, research institutes and the like. The eccentric block loading test is one of the commonly used loading methods for blade fatigue detection, and has the advantages of low equipment cost, energy saving, short test time and the like. Most of the existing test systems are designed with a set of pendulum resonant fatigue loading system for the wind turbine blades based on an eccentric block loading mode. The same amplitude vibration of the blade is realized by driving the eccentric block to rotate through the motor. The loading mode restores the stress-strain state of the blade structure when actually loaded to a certain extent. However, the testing system has many limitations, for example, the actual load of the blade during operation is a surface load acted by a surface flow field, the load provided by the pendulum resonance system is a point load relative to the size of the blade, and the problem of different acting load forms currently has no definite solution.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a wind turbine blade real-scale wind simulation distributed loading test system and an operation method for a blade fatigue loading test, and the wind turbine blade real-scale wind simulation distributed loading test system and the operation method can be used for realizing the wind simulation loading on the surface of the wind turbine blade in a real-scale working state.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system comprises a power transmission system, a supporting system, a detection control system and a safety guarantee system;

the supporting system comprises a main supporting steel frame, a transmission system supporting steel plate, a blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame and a blade clamp; the main support steel frame is fixed on the ground through a first high-strength bolt, the upper part of the main support steel frame is connected with a transmission system support steel plate through a second high-strength bolt, the lower part of the main support steel frame is connected with a blade support L-shaped angle steel frame through a third high-strength bolt, and the blade clamp is fixed on the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame through a pin;

the power transmission system comprises a power supply, a switch controller, an air pump and an air bag; the power supply and the air pump are fixed on the side surface of the transmission system supporting steel plate in a bolt connection mode, and the air bag is arranged below the transmission system supporting steel plate; and after the flow field characteristics of the surface of the blade are referred, partition processing is required.

The detection control system comprises a laser sensor, a PLC control box and a PC; the PLC control box and the PC are arranged on the side surface of the main support steel frame;

one port of the PC is connected with a PLC control box through a lead, the PLC control box is connected with a power supply through a lead, the power supply is connected with a switch controller through a lead to control an air pump to work, the air pump is connected with an air bag through a hose, and the other port of the PC is connected with a laser sensor arranged on the lower part of the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame through a lead; the laser sensor collects frequency signals when the blade is loaded and transmits the frequency signals to the PC, and the signals serve as control signals of load change.

The safety guarantee system comprises a mechanical safety guarantee system and an electrical safety guarantee system, the mechanical safety guarantee system comprises a safety frame and a nylon net, and the electrical safety guarantee system comprises a voltage protection device, a current protection device, a communication fault display device and an emergency stop device.

Preferably, the supporting system is made of steel, and the main structure of the supporting system comprises a main supporting steel frame, a transmission system supporting steel plate and a blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame. Considering that the main supporting steel frame needs to bear the reaction force of the whole loading system, the design requirement of the main supporting steel frame needs to have enough rigidity, the safety of the test loading process is ensured, and the influence of the self deformation of the structure on the load applied by the loading system is reduced. The main support steel frame can be formed by connecting a plurality of steel materials with simple shapes through high-strength bolts, and is convenient to process. The transmission system supporting steel plate and the blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame are respectively required to carry a power transmission system and a blade loading device (comprising fixed testing blades), the former only needs to meet the strength requirement and has low requirement on rigidity, and the latter also has certain requirement on rigidity for improving the testing precision. The transmission system supporting steel plate and the blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame are connected with the main supporting steel frame through high-strength bolts, and the specified pre-tightening force is set through the additional gasket, so that the stability and the reliability of the loading system are guaranteed.

The operation method of the wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system comprises the following steps:

1) determining the bearing limits of materials of a support steel plate of a transmission system, a blade support L-shaped angle steel frame and a main support steel frame according to the wind load value of a wind turbine during actual operation, wherein the rigidity requirement is also met in order to improve the accuracy of test data on the premise that the processed materials of the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame and the main support steel frame meet the strength requirement; under the condition that the supporting system meets the test requirement, the loading system controls the load applied by the system according to the blade vibration frequency signal acquired by the laser sensor;

2) when loading, firstly, an initial signal is given through a PC, and the system starts to load; in the loading process, a laser sensor collects a blade vibration frequency signal, compares the blade vibration frequency signal with the actual vibration frequency of the blade in normal operation preset in a PC, and continuously sends out an adjusting instruction to enable the loading quantity value to reach a load value which forms the same vibration frequency to the blade;

3) the loading load is provided by the air bag, and the PLC control box controls the air pressure in the air bag in different areas, so that the effect of uneven surface loading is realized;

when the blade works, the surface wind loading mode is surface loading, the loading mode of applying load by the air bag can meet the loading mode, the air bag applying load needs to be processed in a partition mode in consideration of the difference of the surface load when the blade works, different areas are connected with different air pumps, so that different air pressures in different areas are realized according to different control signals transmitted by a PLC control system, and the aim of applying different distributed loads is fulfilled; in the test process, the power supply receives a control signal transmitted by the PLC control box to supply working energy to the air pump; the air bags in different areas are connected with an air pump, each air pump realizes positive and negative rotation, positive rotation air blowing, load applied by the air bags is increased, negative rotation air pumping is realized, load applied by the air bags is reduced, and specific working conditions are according to feedback signals of the laser sensor;

4) and (4) repeatedly circulating the steps until the vibration frequency signal reaches a preset normal value, realizing the effect of simulating wind power loading, and controlling the system to form a closed-loop system.

Preferably, in the step 3), under the condition that the requirement on the test precision is relatively low, the surface treatment of the load applied by the air bag is not required, and under the condition that the requirement on the test precision is relatively high, the surface flow field of the blade during operation needs to be fully analyzed, and then the surface of the air bag needs to be specially processed according to the analysis report, so that a better simulation effect is realized.

In conclusion, the invention provides a simulated wind power loading system which is suitable for a wind turbine blade full-size structure and has stronger universality and practicability. The power transmission system mainly plays a loading role and mainly comprises a power supply, an air pump and an air bag; the supporting system mainly plays a role in supporting and connecting and comprises a main supporting steel frame, a transmission system supporting steel plate, L-shaped angle steel and a blade clamp; the detection control system mainly plays a role in regulation and control and mainly comprises a PC (personal computer), a PLC (programmable logic controller) control box and a laser sensor. The invention can realize the loading of the actual wind turbine blade working load, and the control of the structure loading is realized by adjusting the load magnitude of each loading area through the detection control system, thereby having the advantages of simple structure, effectiveness, practicability, convenient installation and the like, and being capable of meeting the loading of the wind turbine blade full-size structure simulation wind power.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the parts of the testing device are customized in a factory standard mode, are fixedly connected in a field high-strength bolt connection mode, and the testing device is high in installation speed. The invention can freely select the length of the loading device of the blade and the area of the loading device according to the model of the tested blade, and the variable load is controlled by the PLC control system, so that the wind power loading simulated by the invention has the technical characteristics of stronger universality and universality. The invention can realize the controllability and the accuracy of the structure surface loading by changing the loading area of the loading air bag and the pressure inside the loading air bag, namely, the invention reasonably arranges the loading position distribution of the loading air bag by referring to the model of the tested blade, realizes the simulation design of wind load loading by controlling the magnitude of the load applied by the loading device by referring to the frequency signal fed back by the laser sensor, carries out partition processing on the loading air bag according to the characteristics of the flow field on the surface of the blade, and the load of each loading area is obtained by a sensor measurement feedback method and is controlled by a PLC control system.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the PC and PLC control box of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the power supply and air pump assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a laser sensor installation of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a blade clamp of the present invention.

In the figure: 1, a power supply; 2, an air pump; 3, supporting a steel plate by a transmission system; 4, an air bag; 5, main supporting steel frames; 6, a second high-strength bolt; 7, a third high-strength bolt; 8, a PC machine; 9, a PLC control box; 10 blades support the L-shaped angle steel frame; 11, pins; 12 a laser sensor; 13 blade clamp.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

As shown in FIGS. 1-6, a wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system comprises a power transmission system, a support system, a detection control system and a safety guarantee system;

the supporting system comprises a main supporting steel frame 5, a transmission system supporting steel plate 3, a blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame 10 and a blade clamp 13; the main support steel frame 5 is fixed on the ground through a first high-strength bolt, the upper part of the main support steel frame 5 is connected with a transmission system support steel plate 3 through a second high-strength bolt 6, the lower part of the main support steel frame 5 is connected with a blade support L-shaped angle steel frame 10 through a third high-strength bolt 7, and the blade clamp 13 is fixed on the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame 10 through a pin 11;

the power transmission system comprises a power supply 1, a switch controller, an air pump 2 and an air bag 4; the power supply 1 and the air pump 2 are fixed on the side surface of the transmission system supporting steel plate 3 in a bolt connection mode, and the air bag 4 is installed below the transmission system supporting steel plate 3; and after the flow field characteristics of the surface of the blade are referred, partition processing is required.

The detection control system comprises a laser sensor 12, a PLC control box 9 and a PC 8; the PLC control box 9 and the PC 8 are arranged on the side surface of the main support steel frame 5;

one port of the PC 8 is connected with a PLC control box 9 through a lead, the PLC control box 9 is connected with a power supply 1 through a lead, the power supply 1 is connected with a switch controller through a lead to control the air pump 2 to work, the air pump 2 is connected with the air bag 4 through a hose, and the other port of the PC 8 is connected with a laser sensor 12 arranged on the lower part of the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame 10 through a lead; the laser sensor 12 collects the frequency signal of the blade when loaded and transmits the frequency signal to the PC 8, and the signal is used as a control signal of load change.

The safety guarantee system comprises a mechanical safety guarantee system and an electrical safety guarantee system, the mechanical safety guarantee system comprises a safety frame and a nylon net, and the electrical safety guarantee system comprises a voltage protection device, a current protection device, a communication fault display device and an emergency stop device.

The supporting system is made of steel, and mainly structurally comprises a main supporting steel frame 5, a transmission system supporting steel plate 3 and a blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame 10. Considering that the main support steel frame 5 needs to bear the reaction force of the whole loading system, the design requirement of the main support steel frame 5 needs to have enough rigidity, so that the safety of the test loading process is ensured, and the influence of the deformation of the structure on the load applied by the loading system is reduced. The main support steel frame 5 can be formed by connecting a plurality of steel materials with simple shapes through high-strength bolts, and is convenient to process. The transmission system supporting steel plate 3 and the blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame 10 are respectively required to carry a power transmission system and a blade loading device (comprising fixed testing blades), the former only needs to meet the strength requirement and has low requirement on rigidity, and the latter also has certain requirement on rigidity for improving the testing precision. The transmission system supporting steel plate 3 and the blade supporting L-shaped angle steel frame 10 are connected with the main supporting steel frame 5 through high-strength bolts, and a gasket is added to set a specified pre-tightening force, so that the stability and reliability of the loading system are guaranteed.

The operation method of the wind turbine blade real-scale simulation wind power distributed loading test system comprises the following steps:

1) determining the bearing limits of materials of a support steel plate of a transmission system, a blade support L-shaped angle steel frame and a main support steel frame according to the wind load value of a wind turbine during actual operation, wherein the rigidity requirement is also met in order to improve the accuracy of test data on the premise that the processed materials of the blade support L-shaped angle steel frame and the main support steel frame meet the strength requirement; under the condition that the supporting system meets the test requirement, the loading system controls the load applied by the system according to the blade vibration frequency signal acquired by the laser sensor;

2) when loading, firstly, an initial signal is given through a PC, and the system starts to load; in the loading process, a laser sensor collects a blade vibration frequency signal, compares the blade vibration frequency signal with the actual vibration frequency of the blade in normal operation preset in a PC, and continuously sends out an adjusting instruction to enable the loading quantity value to reach a load value which forms the same vibration frequency to the blade;

3) the loading load is provided by the air bag, and the PLC control box controls the air pressure in the air bag in different areas, so that the effect of uneven surface loading is realized;

when the blade works, the surface wind loading mode is surface loading, the loading mode of applying load by the air bag can meet the loading mode, the air bag applying load needs to be processed in a partition mode in consideration of the difference of the surface load when the blade works, different areas are connected with different air pumps, so that different air pressures in different areas are realized according to different control signals transmitted by a PLC control system, and the aim of applying different distributed loads is fulfilled; in the test process, the power supply receives a control signal transmitted by the PLC control box to supply working energy to the air pump; the air bags in different areas are connected with an air pump, each air pump realizes positive and negative rotation, positive rotation air blowing, load applied by the air bags is increased, negative rotation air pumping is realized, load applied by the air bags is reduced, and specific working conditions are according to feedback signals of the laser sensor; under the condition that the requirement on the test precision is not high, the surface treatment of the load applied by the air bag is not required, and under the condition that the requirement on the test precision is high, the surface flow field of the blade during working needs to be fully analyzed, and then the surface of the air bag is specially processed according to an analysis report, so that a better simulation effect is realized.

4) And (4) repeatedly circulating the steps until the vibration frequency signal reaches a preset normal value, realizing the effect of simulating wind power loading, and controlling the system to form a closed-loop system.

The simulation wind force loading test principle of the invention is as follows:

according to flow field data acquired by a sensor in practice or an analysis result of digital simulation, engineering simplification processing is carried out on the load corresponding to the surface of the wind turbine blade under the condition of normal work, a simplified wind load pressure coefficient and vibration frequency of the structure surface are obtained, and a wind load value required by simulated wind loading is obtained through calculation of the pressure coefficient.

The supporting system structure mainly considers the bearing deformation of a main supporting steel frame and L-shaped angle steel during design, the height of the main supporting steel frame is reasonably selected according to the test requirements, meanwhile, in order to ensure the safety of the test loading process and reduce the influence of the self deformation of the structure on the load applied by a loading system, certain requirements exist on material selection and processing, and the strength problem is mainly considered for the supporting steel plate of the transmission system so as to meet the working requirements. When the transmission system supporting steel plate and the L-shaped angle steel are connected with a main supporting steel frame, on the premise of considering the strength and rigidity of the joint, in order to ensure the reliability in the loading process and simultaneously consider the connection smoothness and anti-loosening performance, because of the particularity of the environment in the loading process, the high-strength bolts at the joint are all in a high-frequency vibration state, great requirements are provided for the anti-loosening requirements of bolt connection, except for the anti-loosening treatment of the bolts, some anti-loosening components can be added externally, and the structural installation connection of the supporting system is ensured to reach the expected loading effect. In addition, in order to meet the testing requirements of blades of different models, the blade loading device is specified in specification matching and customization, and the universality of applicable objects of the loading system and the accuracy of testing results are ensured.

Simulating wind power loading process control: the PLC control system controls the motor to provide power through a given initial load, the air pump works to blow air to inflate the air bag, and the air pressure in the air bag increases to apply the load. In the test process, a vibration frequency signal of the loaded blade is collected by the laser sensor and transmitted to the PC, the PC compares the signal with the normal working frequency of the preset blade and then sends an adjusting instruction, the motor is controlled by the PLC control system, and the operation is repeated until the vibration frequency signal reaches a preset normal value, so that the effect of simulating wind loading is realized, and the control system forms a closed-loop system.

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

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