阅读说明：本技术 一种采用主蒸汽加热的生活垃圾焚烧余热锅炉蒸汽再热系统 (Household garbage incineration waste heat boiler steam reheating system adopting main steam for heating ) 是由 焦学军 王若飞 白力 曹阳 黄洁 瞿兆舟 王延涛 袁晓辰 王友东 沈咏烈 于 2019-03-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明系一种通过提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽参数从而提高能源利用效率的蒸汽再热系统,包括余热锅炉、过热器、蒸汽再热器、汽水分离器、汽轮机高压缸和低压缸、凝汽器、除氧器、给水泵等主要组成部分。锅炉主蒸汽以两路分别进入汽轮机高压缸和蒸汽再热器。主蒸汽在汽轮机高压缸做功后进入汽水分离器,分出的水分进入除氧器,蒸汽进入蒸汽再热器并与另一路主蒸汽进行热交换,再热后的过热蒸汽通入汽轮机低压缸做功。该系统不仅提高了垃圾焚烧炉的能源利用效率,还避免了蒸汽再热的管道腐蚀,提高了垃圾焚烧厂的设备稳定性和经济效益。(The invention relates to a steam reheating system for improving energy utilization efficiency by improving steam parameters of a garbage incinerator, which comprises main components of a waste heat boiler, a superheater, a steam reheater, a steam-water separator, a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine, a condenser, a deaerator, a feed pump and the like. The main steam of the boiler enters a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine and a steam reheater in two paths respectively. The main steam enters a steam-water separator after acting in a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the separated water enters a deaerator, the steam enters a steam reheater and exchanges heat with the other path of main steam, and the reheated superheated steam is introduced into a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act. The system not only improves the energy utilization efficiency of the waste incinerator, but also avoids the corrosion of a steam reheating pipeline, and improves the equipment stability and the economic benefit of the waste incineration plant.)

1. A steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler heated by main steam is characterized in that the main steam of the boiler enters a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder and a steam reheater respectively in two paths; the steam enters a steam-water separator after acting in a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the separated saturated water enters a deaerator, the saturated steam enters a steam reheater to exchange heat with the other path of main steam, and the reheated superheated steam enters a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act; the heat source of the steam reheater is the boiler main steam from the superheater.

2. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the waste heat boiler (1), heat generated by garbage incineration is absorbed by water through a heat exchanger; saturated steam from the steam drum (2) absorbs more energy in the superheater (12) and becomes system main steam with high temperature and high pressure; main steam from the superheater (12) enters a high-pressure steam turbine cylinder (5) and a steam reheater (4) in two paths respectively; the main steam enters a steam-water separator (10) after acting in a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (5); the steam-water separator (10) separates saturated water from saturated steam, wherein the saturated steam enters the steam reheater (4) to exchange heat with main steam from the superheater (2), and after the steam is heated to superheated steam, the steam enters the low-pressure cylinder (6) of the steam turbine to expand to work and generate power; saturated water obtained by the separation of the steam-water separator (10) enters a deaerator (9); the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder (6) of the steam turbine enters a condenser (8) for condensation; saturated water obtained by the condenser (8) then enters the steam drum (2) through the deaerator (9), the water feed pump (11) and the economizer (3) to start the next steam-water circulation process.

3. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the steam reheater (4) is a shell-and-tube heater, the tube side of the main steam heat exchanger (4) from the superheater (12) is used as a heating medium, and the return steam from the outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (5) is heated.

4. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a steam-water separator (10) is adopted to separate the two-phase components of steam and water discharged from the high-pressure cylinder (5) of the steam turbine.

5. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a high-pressure cylinder (5) and a low-pressure cylinder (6) of a steam turbine are adopted, and exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder (5) is heated to be used as inlet steam of the low-pressure cylinder (6).

6. The steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pressure of reheat steam from the steam reheater is not lower than 1.4MPa, and the temperature is not lower than 320 ℃.

7. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating is characterized in that the Inconel625 overlaying welding protection is adopted for the upper portion of the first flue and the second flue of the waste heat boiler (1).

8. The steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the main steam pressure from the waste heat boiler (1) is not lower than 13MPa, and the temperature is not lower than 440 ℃.

9. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting the main steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least 2 waste heat boilers are arranged in the system, the main steam is connected in parallel through a main pipe, and at least 2 steam turbine power generation systems are arranged in the system at the same time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-steam-parameter household garbage incineration power generation system, which is a system that steam discharged from a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine is subjected to steam-water separation, then is heated by main steam in a steam reheater and then enters a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work, so that the energy utilization efficiency of a garbage incinerator is improved, and meanwhile, the harm of high-temperature corrosion of the high-steam-parameter garbage incinerator is reduced.

Background

The incineration of the domestic garbage can make the urban domestic garbage harmless, quantitative-reduction and resource-utilization, and is an optimal scheme for solving the problem of the city surrounded by the garbage, so that the domestic garbage incineration is widely adopted. In China, domestic waste treatment subsidies and electricity sales are important income sources of waste incineration plants, and with the increasing degree of marketization of the industry, the waste treatment subsidies from governments are less and less, and the waste incineration plants are more and more dependent on the income of electricity sales, so that the improvement of the power generation efficiency is the primary task of a plurality of waste incineration plants.

The household garbage incinerator usually adopts main steam with the parameters of 400 ℃ and 4MPa to generate electricity, but the steam parameters limit the energy utilization efficiency of the garbage incinerator. The power generation efficiency of the garbage incinerator adopting the parameters is generally 23%. In order to improve the power generation efficiency of the waste incinerator, in recent years, more and more waste incinerators increase the steam parameters to 450-485 ℃ and increase the steam pressure to improve the power generation efficiency by increasing the heat exchange ratio of the superheater in the boiler. However, due to the limitations of objective conditions such as high-temperature corrosion of the boiler, the requirement of dryness of the end blade of the steam turbine and the like, if the traditional mode is continuously adopted, the steam parameters cannot be further improved, so that the mode of reheating the steam can be adopted, and the overall thermal efficiency of the incineration plant can be improved under the condition of not increasing the steam temperature.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to further improve the power generation efficiency of the waste incinerator, the invention comprehensively adopts the modes of high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders of the steam turbine, steam-water separation of reheated steam, intermediate reheating of steam outside the incinerator, heating of main steam and the like, improves the energy utilization efficiency of the waste incineration rate, and reduces the high-temperature corrosion of the boiler and the dryness limit of the last-stage blade of the steam turbine.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating is characterized in that the main steam of the boiler enters a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder and a steam reheater in two paths respectively. The main steam enters a steam-water separator after acting in a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the separated saturated water enters a deaerator, the saturated steam enters a steam reheater to exchange heat with the other path of main steam, and the reheated superheated steam enters a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act.

Further, in the exhaust-heat boiler 1, heat generated by waste incineration is absorbed by water through a heat exchanger; the saturated steam from the steam drum 2 absorbs more energy in the superheater 12 and becomes the main steam of the system with high temperature and high pressure; the main steam from the superheater 12 enters a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 5 and a steam reheater 4 in two paths respectively; the main steam enters a steam-water separator 10 after acting in a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 5; the steam-water separator 10 separates saturated water from saturated steam, wherein the saturated steam enters the steam reheater 4 to exchange heat with main steam from the superheater 2, and enters the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 6 to expand to work and generate power after being heated to superheated steam; saturated water obtained by the separation of the steam-water separator 10 enters a deaerator 9; the exhaust steam of the turbine low pressure cylinder 6 enters a condenser 8 for condensation; the saturated water obtained by the condenser 8 then enters the steam drum 2 through the deaerator 9, the water feed pump 11, the economizer 3 and the like, and the next steam-water circulation process is started.

The invention has the advantages that the steam reheating technology is used, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the garbage incinerator is improved; the reheater tube bundle with poor heat exchange effect is prevented from being placed in the flue of the waste heat boiler with high-temperature corrosion hazard, the pipeline corrosion of a steam reheating system is reduced, and the equipment stability and the economic benefit of a waste incineration plant are increased; the waste heat boiler only provides main steam for the steam turbine generator units (each steam turbine generator unit comprises a set of steam-water separator and a set of steam reheater) through steam pipelines, so that the reheating system can be used for a main pipe system and a multi-steam-turbine (2 or more) incineration power generation system.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting main steam for heating.

In the figure, 1, a waste heat boiler, 2, a steam drum, 3, a coal economizer, 4, a steam reheater, 5, a high pressure cylinder of a turbine, 6, a low pressure cylinder of the turbine, 7, a generator, 8, a condenser, 9, a deaerator, 10, a steam-water separator and 11 are feed water pumps.

Detailed Description

The present invention relates to a steam intermediate reheating system for improving energy utilization efficiency by improving steam parameters of a garbage incinerator, and the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and provides detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

The system comprises main equipment such as a waste heat boiler 1, a steam drum 2, an economizer 3, a steam reheater 4, a steam turbine high pressure cylinder 5, a steam turbine low pressure cylinder 6, a generator 7, a condenser 8, a deaerator 9, a steam-water separator 10, a water feed pump 11 and the like.

(1) In the waste heat boiler 1, heat generated by waste incineration is absorbed by water through a heat exchanger;

(2) the saturated steam from the steam drum 2 absorbs more energy in the superheater 12 and becomes the main steam of the system with high temperature and high pressure;

(3) the main steam from the superheater 12 enters a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 5 and a steam reheater 4 in two paths respectively;

(4) the main steam enters a steam-water separator 10 after acting in a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 5;

(5) the steam-water separator 10 separates saturated water from saturated steam, wherein the saturated steam enters the steam reheater 4 to exchange heat with main steam from the superheater 2, and enters the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 6 to expand to work and generate power after being heated to superheated steam;

(6) saturated water obtained by the separation of the steam-water separator 10 enters a deaerator 9;

(7) the exhaust steam of the turbine low pressure cylinder 6 enters a condenser 8 for condensation;

(8) the saturated water obtained by the condenser 8 then enters the steam drum 2 through the deaerator 9, the water feed pump 11, the economizer 3 and the like, and the next steam-water circulation process is started.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.