阅读说明：本技术 一种多相盘式混合励磁磁通切换电机 (Multiphase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor ) 是由 曹瑞武 张学 王凯 王支业 王业彬 王秋岭 于 2019-11-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种盘式混合励磁磁通切换电机,由定子铁心、转子铁心、电枢绕组、励磁绕组和永磁体组成。定子与转子同轴安装。单个定子铁心上有4*m*k*n个定子导磁齿,定子上总共设有m*q块永磁体,均匀地镶嵌在励磁槽外侧。转子铁心有(2*m*k±1)*n个沿圆周均匀分布的导磁齿；m为电机的相数,n为电机单元数,k为每个电机单元中任意一相电枢绕组串联的集中电枢绕组对数,q为正整数(保证4*k*n/q为正整数,并且小于2*k*n)。本电机通过永磁体和励磁绕组共同提供激励磁通,不仅具有很强的磁场调节能力,而且电机的轴向尺寸较小,适合应用在严格要求薄型安装,如电动汽车等需要宽调速范围的场合。(The invention discloses a disk type hybrid excitation flux switching motor which comprises a stator core, a rotor core, an armature winding, an excitation winding and a permanent magnet. The stator and the rotor are coaxially mounted. And 4 m × k × n stator magnetic conduction teeth are arranged on a single stator iron core, and m × q permanent magnets are arranged on the stator in total and are uniformly embedded outside the excitation slot. The rotor iron core is provided with (2 m k +/-1) n magnetic conduction teeth which are uniformly distributed along the circumference; m is the number of phases of the motor, n is the number of motor units, k is the number of concentrated armature windings in series connection with any one phase of armature winding in each motor unit, and q is a positive integer (ensuring that 4 x k x n/q is a positive integer and is less than 2 x k x n). The motor provides excitation magnetic flux through the permanent magnet and the excitation winding, not only has strong magnetic field regulation capacity, but also has smaller axial size, and is suitable for being applied to occasions requiring thin installation with strict requirements, such as electric automobiles and the like, and requiring wide speed regulation range.)

1. A multi-phase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor is characterized by comprising a stator iron core (11), a rotor iron core (10), an armature winding (111), an excitation winding (112) and a permanent magnet (113); the stator (11) and the rotor (10) are both made of magnetic conductive materials, an air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor, stator magnetic guide teeth (110) are arranged on the stator (11), grooves are formed between the stator magnetic guide teeth (110), permanent magnets (113) are arranged in part of the grooves, and concentrated armature windings (111) and concentrated excitation windings (112) are arranged on the stator magnetic guide teeth (110). The number of the magnetic conduction teeth (110) on the stator core (11) is equal to Ns (4 x m k n); 2 m x k x n concentrated armature windings (111) are sequentially wound on the magnetic conduction teeth (110) of the stator core (11), each concentrated armature winding (111) is sleeved on two adjacent magnetic conduction teeth (110), the adjacent concentrated armature windings (111) share one groove, and the groove in which the concentrated armature winding (111) is arranged is called an armature groove; concentrated excitation windings (112) are sequentially arranged in the other 2 m k n slots, each concentrated excitation winding (112) is sleeved with two adjacent stator magnetic conduction teeth (110), two adjacent concentrated excitation windings (112) share or are separated by one slot, and the slots provided with the concentrated excitation windings (112) are called excitation slots; the stator iron core (11) is provided with m × q permanent magnets (113) which are uniformly embedded outside the excitation slot; the excitation coils (112) in the slots are distributed on the axial outer side of the permanent magnet (113); the permanent magnets (113) are uniformly distributed, and 4 x k x n/q stator magnetic conduction teeth (110) are arranged between every two permanent magnets (113); the rotor (10) is of a tooth groove type structure formed by magnetic conducting materials, and the number of the magnetic conducting teeth of the rotor is Nr ═ (2 × m × k ± 1) n;

wherein m is the number of phases of the motor, n is the number of motor units, k is the logarithm of concentrated armature windings (111) which are connected in series with any one-phase armature winding in each motor unit, m, n, k and q are positive integers, and q is less than 2 x n k (ensuring that 4 x k n/q is a positive integer).

2. The multi-phase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to claim 1, wherein any one phase of armature winding in each motor unit is formed by connecting k pairs of concentrated armature windings (111) in series, from the first concentrated armature winding (111) of any one phase, k continuously placed concentrated armature windings (111) are set to be the same phase, and then k concentrated armature windings (111) belonging to adjacent phases are sequentially arranged according to the arrangement mode until all the motor units are completely arranged; 2k concentrated armature windings (111) belonging to the same phase form k pairs of complementary concentrated armature windings, wherein the relative positions of two concentrated armature windings (111) in any pair of concentrated armature windings and the rotor (10) are different by half of the rotor pole pitch tau_sCorresponding to 180-degree electrical angle, the n motor units are sequentially arranged, and concentrated armature windings (111) belonging to the same phase in different motor units are connected in series or in parallel.

3. A multi-phase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to claim 1, wherein when every two concentrated excitation windings (112) are separated by one slot, the directions of magnetic fields generated by the concentrated excitation windings (112) are the same; when each two concentrated excitation windings (112) share one slot, the directions of the magnetic fields generated by the two adjacent concentrated excitation windings (112) are opposite; concentrated excitation windings (112) in each motor unit are connected in series to form an excitation winding unit, and excitation winding units in the n motor units are connected in series or in parallel.

4. The multiphase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetization directions of all the permanent magnets (113) are along the same circumferential tangential direction; the magnetizing direction of each permanent magnet (113) is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the same slot excitation winding (112). When the exciting current introduced into the exciting winding (112) is zero, only a permanent magnetic field exists in the motor, the permanent magnetic field only forms a ring-shaped closed magnetic circuit at the stator (11) part and cannot penetrate through an air gap and the rotor (10), and the total magnetic flux of the armature winding (111) is zero.

5. A multiphase disc hybrid excitation flux switching machine according to claim 1, wherein the concentrated excitation winding (113) and concentrated armature winding (112) are copper or superconducting material.

6. The multiphase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is a rare earth material such as ferrite, aluminum-iron-boron, and the like.

7. The multiphase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic circuit parallel type double rotor disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor is obtained by using an outer end surface of a stator (11) as a mirror surface, a yoke portion of a stator slot is removed, a motor magnetic circuit passes through two rotors (10) and the stator (11), and the motor is a magnetic circuit series type hybrid excitation flux switching motor.

8. The multiphase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to claim 1, wherein the outermost end face of the rotor (10) is used as a mirror image surface to obtain a magnetic circuit parallel type double-stator disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor, a yoke part of the rotor (10) is removed, and a motor magnetic circuit passes through two stators (11) and the rotor to obtain a magnetic circuit series type double-stator disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor.

9. The multiphase disc type hybrid excitation flux switching electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the disc type hybrid excitation flux switching electric machine is an electric motor or a generator.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a disk type hybrid excitation flux switching motor, and belongs to the technical field of motor manufacturing.

Background

With the development of new energy technology, the motor is widely researched and applied as a core component in the fields of rail transit, new energy automobiles and the like. The armature current and the exciting current of the direct current motor can be independently adjusted, so that the speed regulation characteristic of the direct current motor when the direct current motor is used for a motor and the stability of the output voltage when the direct current motor is used as a generator are the most ideal of a plurality of motors. However, the direct current motor has the disadvantages of frequent maintenance, poor reliability and the like due to the existence of the mechanical brush and the commutator, and the application range of the direct current motor is limited. The alternating current induction motor has the advantages of simple structure, no need of electric brushes, convenient maintenance and high reliability, is widely applied to the field of common transmission, but has poor speed regulation performance, low power factor and low efficiency. The traditional permanent magnet brushless alternating current motor has the advantages of high power density, high power factor and the like, and is developed rapidly in recent years. The motor is long in axial direction, and the application occasions with small space are limited.

Therefore, a novel disk type permanent magnet flux switching motor enters the field of vision of people. The motor is short in axial direction, the permanent magnets of the motor are located on the side of the stator, and the rotor only consists of the iron core, so that the complexity of the motor is greatly reduced, the heat dissipation performance of the permanent magnets is effectively enhanced, and the irreversible demagnetization risk of the permanent magnets is reduced. The magnetic field of the motor is not adjustable, and when the motor runs at a high speed, a weak magnetic control technology needs to be adopted to realize the high-speed running, which undoubtedly increases the complexity and the cost of the system.

In recent years, a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor is researched that permanent magnets and excitation are both positioned on the stator side, has certain magnetic regulation capacity, and is suitable for high-speed operation. Research shows that the adjacent permanent magnets of the traditional disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor oppositely magnetize, the magnetic field direction of an excitation winding in the same groove with the permanent magnet is the same as or opposite to the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet, and the excitation efficiency of the excitation winding is influenced to a certain extent. And the more permanent magnets, the poorer the magnetic regulation capability, and when the exciting current is zero, the positioning torque exists in the motor.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows:

aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor which has strong magnetic regulation capacity, good speed regulation performance, reliable operation, no electric brush, simple structure, low cost and high efficiency, has the armature winding, the excitation winding and the permanent magnet which are all arranged in the stator and can be independently controlled. The excitation magnetic field of the motor can be controlled by controlling the current of the direct-current excitation winding, so that the motor is ensured to have higher efficiency in a wider rotating speed range when being used as a motor, and can have a wider voltage regulation range when being used as a generator; in addition, because the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet is along the circumferential tangent direction, when the exciting current is zero, the permanent magnet magnetic field only forms a closed loop at the stator side, the total magnetic flux of each phase of winding is zero at the moment, and the cogging torque is zero.

The technical scheme is as follows:

in order to realize the functions, the invention provides an improved disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor which consists of a stator core (11), a rotor core (10), an armature winding (111), an excitation winding (112) and a permanent magnet (113); the stator iron core (11) and the rotor iron core (10) are both made of magnetic conductive materials, an air gap is formed between the stator iron core and the rotor iron core, stator magnetic guide teeth (110) are arranged on the stator iron core (11), grooves are formed between the stator magnetic guide teeth (110), permanent magnets (113) are arranged in part of the grooves, and concentrated armature windings (111) and concentrated excitation windings (112) are arranged on the stator magnetic guide teeth (110).

The number of the magnetic conduction teeth (110) of the stator core (11) is Ns (4 x m k n); 2 m x k x n concentrated armature windings (111) are sequentially wound on the stator magnetic conduction teeth (110), each concentrated armature winding (111) is sleeved on two adjacent stator magnetic conduction teeth (110), the adjacent concentrated armature windings (111) share one slot, and the slot provided with the concentrated armature winding (111) is called an armature slot; concentrated excitation windings (112) are sequentially arranged in the other 2 m k n slots, each concentrated excitation winding (112) is sleeved with two adjacent stator magnetic conduction teeth (110), two adjacent concentrated excitation windings (112) share or are separated by one slot, and the slots provided with the concentrated excitation windings (112) are called excitation slots; the stator iron core (11) is provided with m × q permanent magnets (113) which are uniformly embedded at the bottom of the excitation slot; the excitation coils (112) in the slots are distributed on the axial outer side of the permanent magnet (113); the permanent magnets (113) are uniformly distributed, and 4 x k x n/q stator magnetic conduction teeth (110) are arranged between every two permanent magnets (113);

the rotor (10) is of a tooth-groove-shaped structure and is made of magnetic conduction materials, and the number of the magnetic conduction teeth of the rotor is Nr ═ (2 × m × k +/-1) n;

wherein m is the number of phases of the motor, n is the number of motor units, k is the logarithm of concentrated armature windings (111) which are connected in series with any one phase of armature windings in each motor unit, q is a positive integer, and 4 k n/q is guaranteed to be the positive integer.

Furthermore, any phase of armature winding in each motor unit is formed by connecting k pairs of concentrated armature windings (111) in series, from the first concentrated armature winding (111) of any phase, k continuously placed concentrated armature windings (111) are set to be the same phase, then k concentrated armature windings (111) belonging to adjacent phases are sequentially set, and the concentrated armature windings are sequentially arranged according to the arrangement mode until all the motor units are arranged; 2k concentrated armature windings (111) belonging to the same phase form k pairs of complementary concentrated armature windingsWherein the relative positions of two concentrated armature windings (111) in any pair of concentrated armature windings and the rotor (10) are different by half the rotor pole pitch tau_sCorresponding to 180-degree electrical angle, the n motor units are sequentially arranged, and concentrated armature windings (111) belonging to the same phase in different motor units are connected in series or in parallel.

When every two concentrated excitation windings (112) of the motor are separated by one slot, the directions of magnetic fields generated by the concentrated excitation windings (112) are the same; when each two concentrated excitation windings (112) share one slot, the directions of the magnetic fields generated by the two adjacent concentrated excitation windings (112) are opposite; concentrated excitation windings (112) in each motor unit are connected in series to form an excitation winding unit, and excitation winding units in the n motor units are connected in series or in parallel.

Furthermore, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets (113) of the motor are along the same circumferential tangential direction; the magnetizing direction of each permanent magnet (113) is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the excitation winding (112) positioned at the axial outer side of the permanent magnet. When the exciting current introduced into the exciting winding (112) is zero, only a permanent magnetic field exists in the motor, the permanent magnetic field only forms a ring-shaped closed magnetic circuit at the stator (11) part and cannot penetrate through an air gap and the rotor (10), and the total magnetic flux in the armature winding (111) is zero.

Preferably, the concentrated armature winding (111) and the concentrated excitation winding (112) are made of copper or a superconducting material, and the permanent magnet (113) is made of a rare earth material such as ferrite or aluminum-iron-boron.

Preferably, the disk type hybrid excitation flux switching motor may be operated as a motor or a generator.

The technical effects are as follows:

according to the disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor, the armature winding, the excitation winding and the permanent magnet are located on the side of the stator, the rotor is of a tooth groove type structure formed by magnetic conductive materials, the structure is simple, and the reliability is high. The armature winding and the excitation winding can be controlled independently, the excitation magnetic field of the motor can be controlled by controlling the current of the direct current excitation winding, the characteristics of the motor can be adapted in a wide rotating speed range, the maximum rotating speed of the motor can be improved when the direct current excitation winding is used in the field of electric automobiles, and the high efficiency of the motor in the wide range is realized; the permanent magnet can weaken the magnetic field of the stator yoke of the motor, reduce the saturation degree of the magnetic field of the motor, increase the magnetic flux passing through the three-phase armature winding, and effectively improve the utilization rate of the excitation winding and the efficiency of the motor; the magnetizing directions of all permanent magnets in the motor are along the same circumferential tangential direction, when the exciting current is zero, the permanent magnet magnetic field only forms a closed loop at the stator side, the total magnetic flux passing through the three-phase armature winding is zero, and the cogging torque is zero, so that when the motor is in no-load, the exciting current is cut off, and the torque pulsation can be effectively reduced. The magnetic field regulating device is used as a motor, the magnetic field regulating range of the motor is wide, and the magnetic field regulating device is suitable for application occasions with wide speed regulating range, such as electric automobiles.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:

fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor in embodiment 1 of the invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic axial structure diagram of a stator of a motor in embodiment 1 of a disc-type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor in embodiment 2 of the invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic axial structure diagram of a stator of a motor in embodiment 2 of a disc-type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor in embodiment 3 of the invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic axial structural diagram of a stator of a motor in embodiment 3 of a disc-type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic axial structural diagram of a stator of a motor according to embodiment 4 of a disc-type hybrid excitation flux switching motor of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic axial structural diagram of a stator of a motor according to embodiment 5 of a disc-type hybrid excitation flux switching motor of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;

fig. 17 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disk-type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 7 of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor of embodiment 7 of the present invention;

fig. 20 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 8 of the present invention;

fig. 21 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor of embodiment 8 of the present invention;

fig. 22 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 9 of the present invention;

fig. 23 is a plan view of a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor according to embodiment 9 of the present invention;

the magnetic field generator comprises a rotor, a stator, a magnetic conducting tooth, an armature winding, an excitation winding and a permanent magnet, wherein the rotor is 10-11-110-111-112-113-of-a-magnet.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a disc type hybrid excitation flux switching motor, which aims to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and is further described in detail by referring to the attached drawings and taking examples as examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.