阅读说明：本技术 一种减振降噪用阻尼器及其制备方法 (Damper for vibration and noise reduction and preparation method thereof ) 是由 汪承磊 王志浩 陈来 吴亮 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种减振降噪用阻尼器,包括：本体,具有开口和与所述开口联通的容纳腔；填充材料,填充于所述容纳腔内；和若干个连接部件,所述连接部件具有相对设置的第一端和第二端,所述第一端穿过所述开口并嵌入所述填充材料内,所述第二端用于固定至所述减振降噪用阻尼器作用的基材上。(A vibration and noise reducing damper comprising: a body having an opening and a receiving cavity communicating with the opening; the filling material is filled in the accommodating cavity; and the connecting parts are provided with a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged, the first end passes through the opening and is embedded into the filling material, and the second end is used for being fixed on the base material with the function of the vibration and noise reduction damper.)

1. A damper for vibration and noise reduction, comprising:

a body having an opening and a receiving cavity communicating with the opening;

the filling material is filled in the accommodating cavity;

and the connecting parts are provided with a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged, the first end passes through the opening and is embedded into the filling material, and the second end is used for being fixed on the base material with the function of the vibration and noise reduction damper.

2. The vibration and noise reducing damper according to claim 1, wherein the first end is U-shaped, V-shaped, or S-shaped.

3. The vibration and noise reducing damper according to claim 2, wherein said body has a beam structure, and a cross section of said body has a U shape.

4. The vibration/noise reduction damper according to claim 3, wherein the material of the body and/or the connecting member is steel or aluminum alloy.

5. The vibration and noise reduction damper according to claim 4, wherein the filler material comprises a damping material selected from one or more of epoxy, vinyl, acrylic, polyurethane, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, polysulfide rubber, and SBS-modified asphalt.

6. The vibration and noise reducing damper according to claim 5, wherein the filler material further comprises a vibration damping material selected from one or more of polyethylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, and phenolic foam.

7. The vibration and noise reduction damper according to claim 6, wherein the polyurethane damping material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

and, the polyurethane damping material is prepared by the following steps:

step 1.1: preparation of polyurethane prepolymers

Dehydrating polyether diol to obtain dehydrated polyether diol, adding a catalyst and a defoaming agent into the dehydrated polyether diol, uniformly stirring at room temperature, heating to 70-80 ℃, adding diisocyanate, stirring at a medium speed in a vacuum state, keeping the temperature for 1-3h, stopping reaction, and removing bubbles to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer;

step 1.2: preparation of polyurethane damping material

Adding an organic micromolecule additive, an inorganic filler and an antioxidant into the polyurethane prepolymer prepared in the step 1.1, stirring to uniformly mix the organic micromolecule additive, the inorganic filler and the antioxidant, defoaming, heating to 80-110 ℃, adding a chain extender, quickly stirring for 5-10min in a vacuum state, pouring the mixture into a metal mold after removing bubbles, placing the metal mold into a vacuum oven, setting the temperature to be 100-120 ℃, and taking out after heat preservation is carried out for 6-24h to obtain the polyurethane damping material;

wherein the polyether diol is polyoxypropylene diol and/or polytetrahydrofuran diol, and the molecular weight of the polyether diol is 1000-3000;

the catalyst is selected from one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, zinc isooctanoate, potassium oleate, phenylmercuric acetate, benzoyl chloride, oleic acid, azelaic acid and adipic acid;

the defoaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane;

the diisocyanate is selected from one or more of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1, 5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI);

the organic small molecular additive is selected from one or more of N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide, 3, 9-bis {1, 1-dimethyl-2 [ beta (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) acrylate ] ethyl } -2,4,8, 10-tetraoxaspiro (5,5) undecane, bis [ (2-hydroxy-3-cyclohexyl-5-methyl) -phenyl ] methane, 2 '-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2' -methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol);

the inorganic filler is selected from one or more of flaky mica, flaky graphite, talcum powder and mica iron oxide;

the antioxidant is selected from pentaerythritol tetrakis [ beta- (3 ', 5 ' -di-tert-butyl-4 ' -hydroxyphenyl) propionate ] and/or tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite;

the chain extender is selected from one or more of 1, 4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol alpha-allyl ether, 3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 3, 5-diamino isobutyl p-chlorobenzoate, diethyl toluenediamine and polyglycerol;

the polyether diol is dehydrated under the conditions of heating and stirring in the step 1.1, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.095-0.1 MPa, the heating temperature is 105-120 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-350r/min, and the stirring time is 1-2 h; the rotation speed of the medium-speed stirring in the step 1.1 is 200-300 r/min; the rotation speed of the rapid stirring in the step 1.2 is 400-600 r/min.

8. A method for preparing a damper for vibration and noise reduction according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

step 2.1: providing a body and a plurality of connecting parts, wherein the body is provided with an opening and an accommodating cavity communicated with the opening, performing anti-corrosion treatment on the body and the connecting parts, and then filling a damping material in the accommodating cavity of the body to form a buffer layer;

step 2.2: pouring a damping material on the buffer layer to form a damping body;

step 2.3: inserting and fixing the first ends of a number of the connecting members into the damping body through the openings;

step 2.4: and (4) solidifying the product obtained in the step (2.3) to obtain the damper for vibration and noise reduction.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein step 2.4 is specifically: and (3) putting the product obtained in the step (2.3) into an oven, setting the temperature to be 60-120 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and solidification for 4-24 hours to obtain the damper for vibration and noise reduction.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vibration and noise reduction, in particular to a damper for vibration and noise reduction and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the development of modern industry, manufacturing industry and transportation industry, vibration and noise phenomena generated by machine operation are visible everywhere, airplanes, automobiles, ships, machine tools, various power devices and the like can generate vibration and generate noise when in work, harm brought to human production life is increasingly prominent, the vibration and the noise not only pollute the environment and influence physical and mental health of people, but also influence normal work of instruments and meters, accelerate fatigue damage of structures, shorten the service life of the machines and the like, and therefore control of the vibration and the noise in the mechanical structures is more and more important. It is generally believed that increasing structural damping has an important effect on the suppression of structural vibrations and structural acoustic conduction.

In practical engineering application, the polymer damping material is the most applied damping material. Polymeric damping materials are also known as viscoelastic materials because they are characterized by both viscous liquids and elastic solids. When the material is subjected to the action of alternating stress, the mechanical energy applied to the elastic component is stored like potential energy and then returns to the outside, and the material shows elasticity; and the other part of energy acting on the viscous component is converted into heat energy due to the internal consumption of the material and is dissipated, the amplitude of vibration is rapidly attenuated along with time, so that the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects are achieved, and the radiated noise is reduced along with the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects. Therefore, the polymer damping material is widely applied to vibration reduction and noise reduction in various fields such as vehicles, ships, buildings, household appliances, industrial machinery and the like.

The polymer damping material is not used as a bearing material generally, but is attached to a bearing structure, namely a vibrating base material, and the damping material and the base material jointly form a damping composite structure. The common damping composite structure comprises a free damping structure and a constrained damping structure. The free damping structure is formed by directly adding a layer of damping material with larger loss modulus on the outer surface of the vibration structure, and a constraint layer (usually a steel plate or an aluminum plate) is added outside the viscoelastic damping layer to form the constraint damping structure, which is also called a sandwich damping structure. A free damping structure, as shown in fig. 1, a layer of damping material 2 with a large loss modulus is directly added on the outer surface of a vibration base material 1 to form the free damping structure; the constrained damping structure is formed by adding a constrained layer 3 (usually steel plate or aluminum plate) on the damping material 2 as shown in fig. 2.

The existing free damping structure is generally composed of a base material, a damping coating layer or a stickable sheet type damping material, the constrained damping structure is generally composed of the base material, the damping layer and a constrained layer, and the structure is also a sandwich structure taking the damping coating layer, the sheet type damping material or other material sheets as the constrained layer. The free damping structure is simple and easy to operate, but the damping effect is poor; although the effect of the restraint damping structure is obvious, the structure is complex and the construction is troublesome. In some very thick structures, uneven or dirty surfaces, the conventional free damping or constrained damping has poor effect or is difficult to install, the damping performance of the material is not fully exerted, and the vibration and noise reduction effect is not satisfactory.

Generally, when the thickness of the free damping structure or the constrained damping structure material is 1.5 to 3 times that of the base material, a considerable vibration and noise reduction effect can be achieved. When the substrate is thicker (for example, the thickness of the substrate plate is 5mm, even 20 mm), multiple layers of coating or additive implementation of the free damping structure or the constraint damping structure material are required to achieve the expected effect. Therefore, the thicker the base material is, the more the damping material is used, the more complicated the construction and installation process is, the more the processes are, the longer the drying time is, the longer the construction period is, the more the weight is increased, and the high comprehensive cost is caused.

In addition, the addition of dynamic vibration absorbers or vibration damping masses to the vibrating structure is also one of the effective means to control the vibration of the structure. The concept of dynamic vibration absorbers was first proposed by Watts in 1883, Frahm in germany in 1902 installed a Frahm water tank on a large mail ship for use as a dynamic vibration absorber, and then the theory regarding dynamic vibration absorbers developed rapidly. The dynamic vibration absorber refers to a device for absorbing vibration energy of a structure by using a resonance system to reduce the vibration of the structure. The vibration absorber may be considered a substructure of the primary vibration system that dampens structural vibrations of the primary system. The vibration absorbers can be classified into undamped vibration absorbers and damped vibration absorbers according to whether the vibration absorbers are damped or not, wherein the vibration absorbers are narrower in vibration absorption frequency and suitable for a main vibration system with basically constant vibration excitation frequency, and the damped vibration absorbers are wider in frequency band, so that the frequency selectivity of the damping effect is improved. Practice proves that the dynamic vibration absorber is arranged on the ship to inhibit the transmission of vibration noise, so that a satisfactory result can be obtained, and the dynamic vibration absorber is simple in structure, convenient to use, low in cost and easy to popularize.

In practical applications, changing the form of the dynamic vibration absorber to meet the vibration control requirements under different conditions is also a method which is widely concerned and adopted. When the vibration sound of the structure encounters natural obstacles with an isolation function on the way along the structure, such as hinge supports of plates or rods, joints of the structure, reinforcing ribs and the like, the transmission of the structure sound is damped by the natural barriers. The application of the seismic mass stems from this concept. The seismic mass is a large, heavy bar disposed at the junction of the substrates along the vibration transmission path to isolate the propagation of structural sound. To a certain extent, the method of suppressing the structural sound transmission using the mass may be equivalent to using a dynamic vibration absorber whose spring rate is infinite.

In summary, those skilled in the art are dedicated to developing a damper for vibration and noise reduction and a manufacturing method thereof, which not only has the characteristics of excellent damping performance, easy processing, simple and convenient installation and the like, but also has high adaptability to devices requiring vibration and noise reduction.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above defects in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a damper for vibration and noise reduction and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of large influence of the thickness of the base material, complex construction and installation process, more processes, long drying time, long construction period, heavy increase, high comprehensive cost, limited vibration and noise reduction effect, etc. in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a damper for vibration and noise reduction, comprising:

a body having an opening and a receiving cavity communicating with the opening;

the filling material is filled in the accommodating cavity;

and the connecting parts are provided with a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged, the first end passes through the opening and is embedded into the filling material, and the second end is used for being fixed on the base material with the function of the vibration and noise reduction damper.

Further, the first end is U-shaped, V-shaped, or S-shaped.

Optionally, the body is of beam-type construction, the body being U-shaped in cross-section.

Optionally, the body is of a cuboid or cylindrical structure.

Further, the material of the body and/or the connecting part is steel or aluminum alloy.

Further, the filling material comprises a damping material selected from one or more of epoxy resin, vinyl resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, polysulfide rubber and SBS modified asphalt.

Further, the filling material further comprises a damping material selected from one or more of polyethylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and phenolic foam.

Preferably, the damping material is a polyurethane damping material.

Optionally, the filler material comprises a polyurethane damping material and a polyurethane foam material.

Further, the second end and the base material are connected in a bonding or welding mode.

Further, the number of the connection points of the second end and the substrate is 1 or 2, but may be more.

Further, the different connecting members are evenly distributed over the substrate.

Further, the polyurethane damping material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

further, the preparation method of the polyurethane damping material comprises the following steps:

step 1.1: preparation of polyurethane prepolymers

Dehydrating polyether diol to obtain dehydrated polyether diol, adding a catalyst and a defoaming agent into the dehydrated polyether diol, uniformly stirring at room temperature, heating to 70-80 ℃, adding diisocyanate, stirring at a medium speed in a vacuum state, keeping the temperature for 1-3h, stopping reaction, and removing bubbles to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer;

step 1.2: preparation of polyurethane damping material

Adding the organic micromolecule additive, the inorganic filler and the antioxidant into the polyurethane prepolymer prepared in the step 1.1, stirring to uniformly mix the organic micromolecule additive, the inorganic filler and the antioxidant, defoaming, heating to 80-110 ℃, adding the chain extender, quickly stirring for 5-10min in a vacuum state, pouring the mixture into a metal mold after removing bubbles, placing the metal mold into a vacuum oven, setting the temperature to be 100-120 ℃, and taking out after heat preservation is carried out for 6-24h to obtain the polyurethane damping material.

Wherein the polyether diol is polyoxypropylene diol and/or polytetrahydrofuran diol, and the molecular weight of the polyether diol is 1000-3000.

The catalyst is selected from one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, zinc isooctanoate, potassium oleate, phenylmercuric acetate, benzoyl chloride, oleic acid, azelaic acid and adipic acid.

The defoaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane.

The diisocyanate is selected from one or more of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1, 5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).

The organic small molecular additive is selected from one or more of N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide, 3, 9-bis {1, 1-dimethyl-2 [ beta (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) acrylate ] ethyl } -2,4,8, 10-tetraoxaspiro (5,5) undecane, bis [ (2-hydroxy-3-cyclohexyl-5-methyl) -phenyl ] methane, 2 '-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), and 2, 2' -methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol).

The inorganic filler is selected from one or more of flaky mica, flaky graphite, talcum powder and mica iron oxide.

The antioxidant is selected from pentaerythritol tetrakis [ beta- (3 ', 5 ' -di-tert-butyl-4 ' -hydroxyphenyl) propionate ] and/or tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.

The chain extender is selected from one or more of 1, 4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol alpha-allyl ether, 3 '-dichloro-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 3, 5-diamino isobutyl p-chlorobenzoate, diethyl toluenediamine and polyglycerol.

The polyether diol is dehydrated under the conditions of heating and stirring in the step 1.1, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.095-0.1 MPa, the heating temperature is 105-120 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-350r/min, and the stirring time is 1-2 h; the rotation speed of the medium-speed stirring in the step 1.1 is 200-300 r/min; the rotation speed of the rapid stirring in the step 1.2 is 400-600 r/min.

A preparation method of the damper for vibration and noise reduction comprises the following steps:

step 2.1: providing a body and a plurality of connecting parts, wherein the body is provided with an opening and an accommodating cavity communicated with the opening, performing anti-corrosion treatment on the body and the connecting parts, and then filling a damping material in the accommodating cavity of the body to form a buffer layer;

step 2.2: pouring a damping material on the buffer layer to form a damping body;

step 2.3: inserting and fixing the first ends of a number of the connecting members into the damping body through the openings;

step 2.4: and (4) solidifying the product obtained in the step (2.3) to obtain the damper for vibration and noise reduction.

Further, the step 2.4 specifically includes: and (3) putting the product obtained in the step (2.3) into an oven, setting the temperature to be 60-120 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and solidification for 4-24 hours to obtain the damper for vibration and noise reduction.

Compared with the prior art, the implementation of the invention achieves the following obvious technical effects:

1. the invention provides a novel damper for vibration and noise reduction, which creatively introduces a connecting part between a filling material and a base material, is different from a traditional free damping structure and a traditional constrained damping structure, and has unique structural design and damping materials, so that the damper has excellent vibration and noise reduction effect, and particularly has more advantages in the application of vibration and noise reduction damping of a thick base material. Therefore, the invention greatly reduces the adverse effect of the thickness and the geometric dimension of the base material on the damping treatment and improves the adaptability of the damper.

2. The damper adopts the structural design that the filling material is separated from the base material, so that the damper has the advantages of excellent damping performance, easiness in processing, simplicity and convenience in installation and the like. When the damper for vibration and noise reduction is used, the connecting part is directly and fixedly installed on the base material, the rigidity and the deflection of the base material are changed through the body and the connecting part, and the vibration and noise energy of the base material are introduced into the filling material in the accommodating cavity of the body through the connecting part and the connecting point to be efficiently consumed.

3. The preparation method of the damper for vibration and noise reduction disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of simple preparation method, stable process and convenience in popularization and application.

4. The prepared and used polyurethane damping material has a damping factor tan delta of more than or equal to 0.3 at a temperature of-25-75 ℃, and forms a damping platform with a wide temperature range after the glass transition temperature (Tg), the effective damping temperature range reaches more than 100 ℃, and the maximum damping factor tan delta can reach 0.85.

The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a prior art free damping structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a prior art constrained damping structure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the damper for vibration and noise reduction according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the connecting member of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vibration/noise reduction damper of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the connecting member of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a further implementation of the connecting member of FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of another preferred embodiment of the vibration/noise reduction damper according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a structure in which the damper for vibration and noise reduction of the present invention is applied to a base material;

FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the transfer functions of the substrate of FIG. 9 before and after processing.

Wherein: 1-base material, 2-damping body, 3-constrained layer, 4-body, 41-opening, 5-connecting part, 51-first end, 52-second end, 6-filling material, 61-vibration damping material, 62-damping material, 7-vibration damping and noise reducing damper, 10-excitation point, 11-first test point, 12-second test point, 13-third test point, 14-fourth test point, 15-fifth test point, 16-sixth test point and 17-seventh test point.

Detailed Description

The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components has been exaggerated where appropriate in the drawings to make the illustration clearer.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be clear that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", "side", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the described devices or elements must have specific orientations or positional relationships, i.e., cannot be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application; furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to facilitate description or simplify description, and do not indicate or imply importance.