阅读说明：本技术 一种易生物降解塑料及其制备方法及应用 (Easily biodegradable plastic and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 张兆平 张乃庆 张苗苗 于 2019-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了本发明提供的本发明提供的一种易生物降解塑料组合物,其特征在于,由包括蓖麻油酸、醇胺、磷酸、水辉石制备而成,所述的蓖麻油酸和醇胺的摩尔比为1：0.5-1,最佳摩尔比为1:1；所述磷酸的有效成分重量占蓖麻油酸和醇胺重量和的30-50％；所述的水辉石重量为蓖麻油酸和醇胺重量和的3-5倍。采用本发明制备的易生物降解塑料组合物,可促进塑料制品的生物分解性能,增强淀粉基的物理强度和拉伸性能。本发明还提供了一种含上述易生物降解塑料组合物的易生物降解塑料包括以下组分制造而成：淀粉、聚丙烯易生物降解塑料组合物、尿囊素、维生素E乙酸酯。(The invention provides an easily biodegradable plastic composition, which is characterized by being prepared from ricinoleic acid, alcohol amine, phosphoric acid and hectorite, wherein the molar ratio of the ricinoleic acid to the alcohol amine is 1: 0.5-1, and the optimal molar ratio is 1: 1; the weight of the effective component of the phosphoric acid accounts for 30-50% of the sum of the weight of the ricinoleic acid and the alcohol amine; the weight of the hectorite is 3-5 times of the sum of the weight of the ricinoleic acid and the weight of the alcohol amine. The easily biodegradable plastic composition prepared by the invention can promote the biological decomposition performance of plastic products and enhance the physical strength and tensile property of starch base. The invention also provides a biodegradable plastic containing the biodegradable plastic composition, which is prepared from the following components: starch, polypropylene easily biodegradable plastic composition, allantoin and vitamin E acetate.)

1. The easily biodegradable plastic composition is characterized by being prepared from ricinoleic acid, alcohol amine and phosphoric acid.

2. A readily biodegradable plastic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alcohol amine is selected from one or a mixture of more of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and isopropanolamine. .

3. A readily biodegradable plastic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: also includes hectorite.

4. A readily biodegradable plastic composition according to claim 3, characterized in that: the molar ratio of the ricinoleic acid to the alcohol amine is 1: 0.5-1, and the optimal molar ratio is 1: 1; the weight of the effective component of the phosphoric acid accounts for 30-50% of the sum of the weight of the ricinoleic acid and the alcohol amine; the weight of the hectorite is 3-5 times of the sum of the weight of the ricinoleic acid and the weight of the alcohol amine.

5. A biodegradable plastic composition, according to claim 4, characterized in that:

the phosphoric acid is industrial phosphoric acid with the effective component not less than 50%;

the hectorite is preferably selected from nanoscale hectorite with particle size of not more than 100 nm.

6. A biodegradable plastic composition, according to claim 4, characterized in that: the preparation method of the easily biodegradable plastic composition comprises the following steps:

weighing ricinoleic acid and alcohol amine, mixing and stirring uniformly in a container, adding phosphoric acid and hectorite into a grinder or a homogenizer, grinding or homogenizing and stirring for 30-60 minutes to form a sticky substance, namely the starch-based biodegradable plastic composition;

or mixing ricinoleic acid and alcohol amine in a container, stirring uniformly, adding phosphoric acid, hectorite and water into a grinder or homogenizer, grinding or homogenizing and stirring for 30-60 minutes to form relatively stable suspension of the composition, namely the biodegradable plastic composition;

the water is preferably added in an amount of 2 to 3 times the total weight of the composition.

7. A biodegradable plastic composition, according to claim 6, characterized in that: nonionic surfactant 1-2% of the total weight of ricinoleic acid, alcohol amine, phosphoric acid and hectorite can also be added during stirring; the nonionic surfactant is preferably fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and more preferably one or more of commercial products AEO-9, AEO-10, AEO-12 and AEO-15.

8. The easily biodegradable plastic is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

9. a readily biodegradable plastic according to claim 8, characterized in that:

the starch is selected from one or more of corn starch, sweet potato starch and potato starch, and preferably corn starch.

10. The method for preparing the easily biodegradable plastic as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein:

adding starch, a biodegradable plastic composition and allantoin into deionized water, heating to 85-95 ℃, stirring and gelatinizing for about 60 minutes, adding polypropylene and vitamin E acetate, stirring, extruding by using a screw extruder, controlling the extrusion end temperature at 175-185 ℃, cooling, crushing and granulating to obtain the biodegradable plastic;

the dosage of the ionic water is 2-3 times of the weight of the starch.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plastics, and particularly relates to an easily degradable plastic and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Since the last 90 s, the use of plastic products in the packaging field has rapidly increased for reasons of convenience, low cost, etc. The raw materials of plastic products such as PP, PE, PVC and PS wait for almost all petroleum products, are discarded in the environment after consumption and cannot be naturally degraded, and how to treat the plastic wastes becomes a global problem. The disposal of plastic waste by landfill obviously imposes a great burden on the environment, and the disposal by recycling and incineration also imposes certain influence on the environment.

For the reasons, the development of green and environment-friendly degradable plastic materials has great practical significance, and the research and application of the easily degradable plastics should attract the attention and the support of research and development institutions, enterprises and government related functional departments.

Biodegradable plastic refers to plastic that is acted on by microorganisms existing in nature under natural environment or specific conditions and finally completely degraded into carbon dioxide, methane, water and inorganic minerals as well as new biomass.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a biodegradable plastic composition.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an easily biodegradable plastic composition which is characterized by being prepared from ricinoleic acid, alcohol amine and phosphoric acid,

the alcohol amine is one or more selected from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and isopropanolamine. The ricinoleic acid molecule has two active groups of-OH and-COOH, can react with alcohol amine to generate ricinoleic acid acylamino, is a good anionic/nonionic surfactant, is favorable for forming activity on the surface of a filler and uniformly distributing the activity in an easily degradable plastic base, and can promote the biological decomposition of organic matters due to the existence of-NH-group necessary for microbial organisms in the molecular structure.

The phosphoric acid can be industrial phosphoric acid with the effective component not less than 50%. Phosphoric acid can react with-OH of starch to form phosphate when processing the easily degradable plastic base material, so that the ductility and tensile strength of the easily degradable plastic base material are improved, and the existence of the element P is also beneficial to the degradation of microorganisms.

The easily biodegradable plastic composition is characterized by further comprising hectorite.

The hectorite is preferably selected from nanoscale hectorite with particle size of not more than 100 nm. The hectorite can improve the crystallinity and physical properties of the degradable plastic base and enhance the tensile strength of the degradable plastic base.

The invention provides an easily biodegradable plastic composition, wherein the molar ratio of ricinoleic acid to alcohol amine is 1: 0.5-1, and the optimal molar ratio is 1: 1; the weight of the effective component of the phosphoric acid accounts for 30-50% of the sum of the weight of the ricinoleic acid and the alcohol amine; the weight of the hectorite is 3-5 times of the sum of the weight of the ricinoleic acid and the weight of the alcohol amine.

When the easily biodegradable plastic composition is prepared, water with the weight being 2-3 times of the total weight of the composition is preferably added.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the easily biodegradable plastic composition, which comprises the following steps: the ricinoleic acid and the alcohol amine are weighed and mixed evenly in a container, and then are added with the phosphoric acid and the hectorite into a grinder or a homogenizer for grinding or homogenizing and stirring for 30-60 minutes, so that the composition forms a sticky substance, namely the starch-based biodegradable plastic composition.

Or mixing ricinoleic acid and alcohol amine in a container, stirring uniformly, adding phosphoric acid, hectorite and water into a grinder or homogenizer, grinding or homogenizing and stirring for 30-60 minutes to form relatively stable suspension of the composition, namely the biodegradable plastic composition.

In order to stabilize the suspension, a nonionic surfactant which accounts for 1-2% of the total weight of ricinoleic acid, alcohol amine, phosphoric acid and hectorite can be added during stirring.

The nonionic surfactant is preferably fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and more preferably one or more of commercial products AEO-9, AEO-10, AEO-12 and AEO-15.

In addition, the invention also provides the easily biodegradable plastic containing the easily biodegradable plastic composition, which is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

the starch can be one or more selected from corn starch, sweet potato starch and potato starch, and preferably corn starch.

The allantoin has no toxic or side effect; has good chelating effect, and can uniformly mix and disperse components, particularly starch and polypropylene; meanwhile, allantoin can be rapidly decomposed into urea and small molecular C-O compounds in nature, and the urea is an important microbial nutrient and can promote the decomposition of components (particularly PP).

The vitamin E acetate provides an excellent plasticizing function.

In addition, the invention provides a preparation method of the easily biodegradable plastic prepared from the easily biodegradable plastic composition, which comprises the following steps: adding starch, the easily biodegradable plastic composition and allantoin into deionized water (the dosage of the deionized water is generally 2-3 times of the weight of the starch, and is suitable for soaking the starch), heating to 85-95 ℃, stirring and gelatinizing for about 60 minutes, adding polypropylene and vitamin E acetate, stirring, extruding by using a screw extruder (the temperature of an extrusion end is generally controlled to be 175-185 ℃), cooling, crushing and granulating to obtain the easily biodegradable plastic.

In addition, the invention provides a using method of the easily biodegradable plastic prepared from the easily biodegradable plastic composition, which comprises the following steps: the easily biodegradable plastic can be directly injected into a mold or added into other plastic (such as PP or PE) to prepare snack boxes, disposable water cups, convenience food packaging boxes and the like.

Action and Effect of the invention

The easily biodegradable plastic composition prepared by the invention can promote the biological decomposition performance of plastic products and enhance the physical strength and tensile property of starch base.

The starch has wide sources and good degradability, has the defects of poor tensile strength, poor physical elasticity and poor acid and alkali resistance, and needs to be added with other components to enhance the physical and chemical properties.

The polyalcohol in the invention is a good plasticizing modification auxiliary agent and can improve the performance of starch-based biodegradable plastics.

In the invention, the allantoin has good chelation, and can uniformly mix and disperse components, particularly starch and polypropylene; meanwhile, allantoin can be rapidly decomposed into urea and small molecular C-O compounds in nature, and the urea is an important microbial nutrient and can promote the decomposition of components (particularly PP).

Vitamin E acetate provides an excellent plasticizing function in the present invention.

In the formula of the invention, after the components are mixed, weak bond acting force among molecules can occur based on respective structural characteristics, and after the components are dissolved and accelerated mutually, the performances of tensile resistance, physical strength, corrosion resistance, biodegradability and the like of the components are improved and excited.

Detailed Description