阅读说明：本技术 一种多功能室内空气净化装置及方法 (Multifunctional indoor air purification device and method ) 是由 肖德涛 邓湘元 黄进豪 单健 王孟 赵桂芝 于 2021-08-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种多功能室内空气净化装置及方法,涉及气态污染物净化领域,用于空气净化,能缩短空气净化装置的加热、解吸、降温的时间并减小装置能耗,具有对气态污染物如,甲醛、TVOC、CO-(2)、CO、氨、PM2.5、细菌、氡等持续高效的去除能力。该室内空气净化装置包括：空气质量监测系统、吸附过滤系统、加热系统、解吸系统、转储滞留系统以及控制系统。空气质量监测系统用于实时监测室内环境中的污染物浓度；吸附过滤系统用于对污染物吸附过滤；加热系统用于加热吸附炭床；解吸系统用于对吸附炭床吸附污染物饱和后的解吸；转储滞留系统用于对解吸的污染物滞留；控制系统用于控制吸附过滤系统、加热解吸系统以及转储滞留系统工作。(The invention discloses a multifunctional indoor air purification device and a method, relates to the field of gaseous pollutant purification, is used for air purification, can shorten the time of heating, desorption and cooling of an air purification device and reduce the energy consumption of the device, and has the function of purifying gaseous pollutants such as formaldehyde, TVOC and CO 2 CO, ammonia, PM2.5, bacteria, radon and the like. This indoor air purification device includes: the system comprises an air quality monitoring system, an adsorption filtration system, a heating system, a desorption system, a dump and hold-up system and a control system. The air quality monitoring system is used for monitoring the concentration of pollutants in the indoor environment in real time; the adsorption filtration system is used for adsorbing and filtering pollutants; the heating system is used for heating the adsorption carbonA bed; the desorption system is used for desorbing the adsorbed carbon bed after the adsorbed carbon bed is saturated with the pollutants; a dump hold-up system for holding up desorbed contaminants; the control system is used for controlling the adsorption and filtration system, the heating desorption system and the dump and hold system to work.)

1. A multifunctional indoor air purification device, comprising:

the air quality monitoring system (1) is used for monitoring the concentration of pollutants in the indoor environment in real time and sending monitoring data to the control system (10) in real time;

the adsorption filtration system is used for adsorbing and filtering pollutants in the environment and is provided with an adsorption air precooler (2), an adsorption carbon bed (3) and a high-pressure fan (5); the adsorption air precooler (2) is used for cooling the gas flowing through the adsorption air precooler; the adsorption carbon bed (3) is used for adsorbing pollutants in indoor air entering the adsorption carbon bed;

the heating system is used for heating the saturated adsorption of the gaseous pollutants on the adsorption carbon bed (3) and is provided with a heating component; the heating component is an external electric heater (6) and/or a microwave heater (16) which are arranged outside the adsorption carbon bed (3) in a clearance way; the desorption system is provided with a vacuum pump (8) and a throttle valve (13), and the throttle valve (13) is used for controlling the flow rate of an air inlet of the adsorption carbon bed (3) so that the adsorption carbon bed (3) is in a negative pressure state to extract high-concentration gaseous pollutants and moisture in the adsorption carbon bed (3);

the control system (10) is used for controlling the adsorption filtration system, the heating system and the desorption system to work;

the air quality monitoring system (1), the adsorption and filtration system, the heating system and the desorption system are all connected with the control system (10).

2. The multi-functional indoor air-cleaning apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a dump retention system for retaining the contaminants desorbed by the desorption system;

the dump retention system includes, in combination,

a carbon-retaining bed (7), a heat exchanger (18) and a refrigeration unit (35),

the refrigeration unit (35) is used for cooling the pollutants output by the desorption system;

the heat exchanger (18) is used for enabling the pollutant discharged by the desorption system to exchange energy with the refrigeration unit (35);

the carbon retention bed (7) is used for storing pollutants after energy exchange in the heat exchanger.

3. Multifunctional indoor air purification device according to claim 1, wherein the air quality monitoring system (1) comprises a formaldehyde detector, a TVOC detector, a CO detector₂The device comprises a detector, a CO detector, an ammonia detector, a PM2.5 detector, a bacteria detector, a virus detector and a radon measuring instrument.

4. The multifunctional indoor air purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adsorption carbon bed (3) comprises an adsorption material, a high temperature resistant layer wrapped outside the adsorption material, a heat insulating layer wrapped outside the high temperature resistant layer, and a housing wrapped outside the heat insulating layer.

5. The multi-functional indoor air-purifying apparatus of claim 4, wherein the adsorbing material is an activated carbon material;

or the adsorption material is a composite material of graphene and activated carbon, the composite material is formed by compounding graphene oxide and the activated carbon through a hydrothermal method, a multistage hole structure is formed, the radon adsorption coefficient is less than or equal to 6.1L/g, and the loading capacity of the graphene on the activated carbon substrate in the composite material is less than or equal to 5%.

6. The multi-functional indoor air-purifying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the microwave heater (16) is attached to the adsorption carbon bed (3), and the microwave heater (16) includes a microwave generator, a resonant cavity and a microwave controller.

7. The multi-functional indoor air-purifying apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the external electric heater (6) comprises,

an inner ring;

a heating metal sheet (93) having one end connected to the inner ring and arranged radially along the outer circumference of the inner ring, and,

the inner circumference is connected with the other ends of the multiple groups of heating metal sheets (93), and the outer ring is provided with an air inlet hole (91);

an air outlet hole (92) is formed in the inner ring, so that air can flow from one side of the outer wall of the inner ring to one side of the inner wall of the inner ring through the air outlet hole (92).

8. An indoor air purification method applied to the indoor air purification apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:

the control air quality monitoring system (1) monitors pollutants in the ambient air and sends monitoring data to the control system (10) in real time; judging whether the concentration of at least one pollutant in the pollutant concentrations monitored by the air quality monitoring system (1) is greater than a preset concentration, if so, entering the next step, and if not, continuing monitoring;

starting a high-pressure fan (5), pumping indoor polluted air into an adsorption air precooler (2) for cooling, introducing gas precooled by the adsorption air precooler (2) into an adsorption carbon bed (3) filled with an adsorption material, adsorbing pollutants in micropores of the adsorption material, discharging purified air from an exhaust port of the adsorption carbon bed (3) and mixing the purified air with the indoor air; judging whether the adsorption of the adsorption carbon bed (3) is saturated, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuing the adsorption;

closing the adsorption air precooler (2), and starting a microwave heater (16) to heat the activated carbon of the adsorption carbon bed (3), or controlling an external electric heater (6) to heat the activated carbon of the adsorption carbon bed (3); monitoring the temperature of the activated carbon in the adsorption carbon bed (3) by using an adsorption carbon bed temperature detector (23) until the adsorption carbon bed (3) is heated to 200-250 ℃; starting a desorption system to desorb the adsorption carbon bed (3); judging whether the adsorption carbon bed (3) is completely desorbed, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuing to desorb;

and closing the heating component, opening the high-pressure fan (5) and the adsorption air precooler (2) to cool the adsorption carbon bed (3), precooling the air to the temperature of 2-5 ℃ through the adsorption air precooler (2), judging whether the adsorption carbon bed (3) is cooled to meet the requirement through an adsorption carbon bed temperature detector (23), if so, returning to the monitoring step, and if not, continuing to cool.

9. An indoor air purification method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of, when desorbing the adsorbent carbon bed (3),

and (3) starting a dump retention system, adsorbing and storing the high-concentration pollutants desorbed from the adsorption carbon bed (3), discharging clean air, and closing the dump retention system after the adsorption retention process of the high-concentration pollutants is finished.

10. An indoor air purification method according to claim 9,

opening the high pressure fan (5) and the adsorption air precooler (2) to cool the adsorption carbon bed comprises: the air is cooled to 2-5 ℃ by the adsorption air precooler (2);

and after the gas desorbed by the adsorption carbon bed (3) is cooled to 2-5 ℃ in a dumping and detention system, high-concentration pollutants in the gas are adsorbed and stored.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of air purification equipment, in particular to a multifunctional indoor air purification device and an indoor air purification method.

Background

Pollutants in air such as formaldehyde, TVOC, CO₂CO, ammonia, PM2.5, bacteria, viruses, radon, etc., can affect the health of a person when the concentration exceeds the standard. Current air purification equipment can adsorb the pollutant at the in-process that uses, but adsorption equipment can reach the saturation after adsorbing a certain amount of pollutant, and the air is after adsorption equipment this moment, and adsorption equipment can not adsorb new pollutant, causes air purification equipment's purification performance to descend or even lose.

In the prior art, pollutants adsorbed by the adsorption equipment are catalyzed, for example, the invention patent CN105444307A catalyzes formaldehyde, so that the adsorption equipment can adsorb new pollutants again. However, in the process of using the catalysis method, the catalyst is needed, the use cost is high, different catalysts are needed for different pollutants, and the catalysis time is long.

Therefore, how to provide a catalyst with short regeneration time, low energy consumption and no formaldehyde, TVOC and CO₂An air purification device with continuous and efficient removal capability of various pollutants such as PM2.5, bacteria, viruses, radon and the like is a problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multifunctional indoor air purification device, which adopts an external electric heater or a microwave heaterThe adsorption carbon bed after adsorption saturation is heated, so that the adsorption carbon bed is quickly heated, desorbed and cooled and has low energy consumption, and the device can be used for treating formaldehyde, TVOC and CO₂The gas pollutants such as CO, ammonia, PM2.5, bacteria, virus, radon and the like have continuous and efficient removal capability.

In addition, the invention also provides an indoor air purification method applied to the multifunctional indoor air purification device.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a multifunctional indoor air-purifying device comprising:

the air quality monitoring system is used for monitoring the concentration of pollutants in the indoor environment in real time and sending monitoring data to the control system in real time;

the adsorption and filtration system is used for adsorbing and filtering pollutants in the environment and is provided with an adsorption air precooler, an adsorption carbon bed and a high-pressure fan; the adsorption air precooler is used for cooling the gas flowing through the adsorption air precooler; the adsorption carbon bed is used for adsorbing pollutants in indoor air entering the adsorption carbon bed;

the heating system is used for heating the saturated adsorption of the gaseous pollutants by the adsorption carbon bed and is provided with a heating component; the heating component is an external electric heater arranged outside the adsorption carbon bed in a clearance mode, and/or the heating component is a microwave heater; the maximum heating temperature of the heating assembly is 200-250 ℃;

the desorption system is provided with a vacuum pump and a throttle valve, and the throttle valve is used for controlling the flow rate of the air inlet of the adsorption carbon bed to ensure that the adsorption carbon bed is in a negative pressure state so as to extract high-concentration gaseous pollutants and moisture in the adsorption carbon bed;

the control system is used for controlling the adsorption and filtration system, the heating system and the desorption system to work;

the air quality monitoring system, the adsorption and filtration system, the heating system and the desorption system are all connected with the control system.

Preferably, the system further comprises a dumping retention system for retaining the pollutants desorbed by the desorption system;

the dump retention system includes, in combination,

a carbon bed, a heat exchanger and a refrigeration unit,

the refrigeration unit is used for cooling the pollutants output by the desorption system;

the heat exchanger is used for enabling the pollutants discharged by the desorption system to exchange energy with the refrigeration unit;

the carbon retention bed is used for storing pollutants after energy exchange in the heat exchanger.

Preferably, the air quality monitoring system comprises a formaldehyde detector, a TVOC detector and a CO detector₂The device comprises a detector, a CO detector, an ammonia detector, a PM2.5 detector, a bacteria detector, a virus detector and a radon measuring instrument.

Preferably, the adsorption carbon bed comprises an adsorption material, a high temperature resistant layer wrapped outside the adsorption material, a heat insulation layer wrapped outside the high temperature resistant layer, and a shell wrapped outside the heat insulation layer.

Preferably, the adsorbing material is an activated carbon material;

or the adsorption material is a composite material of graphene and activated carbon, the composite material is formed by compounding graphene oxide and the activated carbon through a hydrothermal method, a multistage hole structure is formed, the radon adsorption coefficient is less than or equal to 6.1L/g, and the loading capacity of the graphene on the activated carbon substrate in the composite material is less than or equal to 5%.

Preferably, the microwave heater is attached to the adsorption carbon bed, and the microwave heater comprises a microwave generator, a resonant cavity and a microwave controller.

Preferably, the external electric heater comprises,

an inner ring;

a heating metal sheet having one end connected to the inner ring and arranged radially along the outer circumference of the inner ring, and,

the inner circumference is connected with the other ends of the plurality of groups of heating metal sheets, and the outer ring is provided with an air inlet;

the inner ring is provided with an air outlet hole, so that air can flow from one side of the outer wall of the inner ring to one side of the inner wall of the inner ring through the air outlet hole.

An indoor air purification method applied to any one of the above multifunctional indoor air purification devices, comprising:

controlling an air quality monitoring system to monitor pollutants in the ambient air, and transmitting monitoring data to a control system in real time; judging whether the concentration of at least one pollutant in the pollutant concentration monitored by the air quality monitoring system is greater than a preset concentration, if so, entering the next step, and if not, continuing monitoring;

starting a high-pressure fan, pumping indoor polluted air into an adsorption air precooler for cooling, introducing gas precooled by the adsorption air precooler into an adsorption carbon bed filled with an adsorption material, adsorbing pollutants in micropores of the adsorption material, and discharging purified air from an exhaust port of the adsorption carbon bed and mixing the purified air with the indoor air; judging whether the adsorption of the adsorption carbon bed is saturated, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuing the adsorption;

closing the adsorption air precooler, and starting a microwave heater to heat the activated carbon of the adsorption carbon bed, or controlling an external electric heater to heat the activated carbon of the adsorption carbon bed; monitoring the temperature of the activated carbon in the adsorption carbon bed by using an adsorption carbon bed temperature detector until the adsorption carbon bed is heated to 200-250 ℃; starting a desorption system to desorb the adsorption carbon bed; judging whether the adsorption carbon bed is completely desorbed, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuing to desorb;

turning off the high-pressure fan and the heating assembly; and opening the high-pressure fan and the adsorption air precooler to cool the adsorption carbon bed, precooling the air to the temperature of 2-5 ℃ by the adsorption air precooler, judging whether the adsorption carbon bed is cooled to meet the requirement or not by an adsorption carbon bed temperature detector, if so, returning to the monitoring step, and if not, continuing to cool.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps,

and (3) starting a dumping and detention system, adsorbing and storing the high-concentration pollutants desorbed from the adsorption carbon bed, discharging clean air, and closing the dumping and detention system after the adsorption and detention process of the high-concentration pollutants is finished.

Preferably, the step of opening the high-pressure fan and the adsorption air precooler to cool the adsorption carbon bed comprises the following steps: the air is cooled to 2-5 ℃ by the adsorption air precooler;

and after the gas desorbed by the adsorption carbon bed is cooled to 2-5 ℃ in a dumping and detention system, high-concentration pollutants in the gas are adsorbed and stored.

The method of the invention has the following outstanding advantages:

firstly, an external electric heater is adopted to ensure that the desorption temperature is high, the heating is uniform, the cooling is fast, and the air purification device has higher working efficiency.

And secondly, the microwave heater is adopted, so that the heating and cooling are rapid, and the air purification device has higher working efficiency.

And thirdly, detectors such as NRL series radon detectors which are developed by the university of south China and have high sensitivity, quick response and no need of guard are adopted, so that the air purification device can adapt to the environment with large change of temperature and humidity, timely monitor the change of radon concentration in the environment and have a long-term unattended function.

Fourthly, the air purification device can adsorb and filter pollutants in the air and is used for formaldehyde, TVOC and CO₂The single removal rate of CO, ammonia, PM2.5, bacteria, virus, radon and the like reaches over 90 percent.

And fifthly, the intelligent control system can realize the manual control, automatic control and remote control functions of the air purifier.

Sixth, adopt this method to make the air cleaning plant, the energy consumption is low, small, the weight is small, easy to use.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a multifunctional indoor air purification apparatus provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an adsorption process of the multifunctional indoor air purification apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an adsorption process of the multifunctional indoor air purification apparatus provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heating process of the multifunctional indoor air purification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a second embodiment of a heating process of the multifunctional indoor air purification apparatus according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a desorption process of the multifunctional indoor air purification apparatus provided by the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a dumping and detention process of the multi-functional indoor air purification apparatus provided by the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a cooling process of the multifunctional indoor air purification apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of an indoor air purification method according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a heating element according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the air inlet holes and the heating metal plate in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a schematic gas flow diagram of the structure of FIG. 10;

fig. 13 is a schematic flow direction diagram of a second embodiment of the heating element provided by the present invention.

In fig. 1 to 13:

1 is an air quality monitoring system, 2 is an adsorption air precooler, 3 is an adsorption carbon bed, 4 is a desorption condenser, 5 is a high-pressure fan, 6 is an external electric heater, 7 is a retention carbon bed, 8 is a vacuum pump, 91 is an air inlet hole, 92 is an air outlet hole, 93 is a heating metal sheet, 10 is a control system, 11 is a remote control device, 12 is an environment temperature and humidity detector, 13 is a throttle valve, 14 is a negative pressure switch, 15 is a vacuum gauge, 16 is a microwave heater, 17 is a water receiving disc, 18 is a heat exchanger, 19 is an exhaust port, 20 is a heat exchanger temperature sensor, 21 is a first valve, 22 is a second valve, 23 is an adsorption carbon bed temperature detector, 24 is a fourth valve, 25 is a fifth valve, 26 is a sixth valve, 27 is a seventh valve, 28 is a first water discharge valve, 29 is a second water discharge valve, 30 is a third valve, 31 is an eighth valve, 32 is a ninth valve, a high-pressure air heater, a vacuum pump, a vacuum, 33 is a first one-way valve, 34 is a second one-way valve, 35 is a refrigeration unit, and 36 is a gas-water separator.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly disposed on the other element; when an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.

It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" or "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the practical limit conditions of the present application, so that the modifications of the structures, the changes of the ratio relationships, or the adjustment of the sizes, do not have the technical essence, and the modifications, the changes of the ratio relationships, or the adjustment of the sizes, are all within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present application without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present application.

Please refer to fig. 1 to fig. 13.

This particular embodiment discloses a multi-functional indoor air purification device, includes:

the air quality monitoring system 1 comprises a formaldehyde detector, a TVOC detector and CO₂The system comprises a detector, a CO detector, an ammonia detector, a PM2.5 detector, a bacteria detector, a virus detector and a radon detector, and is used for monitoring the concentration of pollutants in the indoor environment in real time and sending monitoring data to a control system 10 in real time; wherein the radon measuring instrument adopts the NRL series radon measuring instrument of south China university's research, compares in other radon measuring instruments of the same type on the market, and this radon measuring instrument has humiture automatic compensation, quick response and need not to change the characteristics of drying tube for indoor air purification device can adapt to the environment that the humiture has great change, can in time monitor the change of environment radon concentration, and realize normally working under the long-term unmanned on duty.

The adsorption filtration system is used for adsorbing and filtering pollutants in the environment and is provided with an adsorption air precooler 2, an adsorption carbon bed 3 and a high-pressure fan 5; the adsorption air precooler 2 is used for cooling the gas flowing through the interior of the adsorption air precooler; the adsorption carbon bed 3 serves to adsorb contaminants in the indoor air introduced into the interior thereof.

The adsorption carbon bed 3 is provided with an adsorption carbon bed temperature detector 23, and the adsorption carbon bed temperature detector 23 may be a thermocouple or/and a fiber optic temperature sensor.

The heating system is used for heating the saturated adsorption of the gaseous pollutants on the adsorption carbon bed 3 and is provided with a heating component; the heating component is an external electric heater 6 arranged outside the adsorption carbon bed 3 in a clearance way, and/or the heating component is a microwave heater 16; the maximum heating temperature of the heating assembly is 200-250 ℃, and harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and the like in gaseous pollutants are inactivated by high temperature in the heating process.

The microwave heater 16 is attached to the adsorption carbon bed 3, the microwave heater 16 comprises a microwave generator, a resonant cavity and a microwave controller, and when the adsorption carbon bed 3 is heated by the microwave heater 16, the heating time is only 30 min.

The external electric heater 6 comprises an outer ring provided with an air inlet 91, a plurality of radial groups of heating metal sheets 93 and an inner ring provided with an air outlet 92; one end of the heating metal sheet 93 in the length direction is communicated with the outer ring, the other end is communicated with the inner ring, and wind can flow from one side of the outer wall of the inner ring to one side of the inner wall of the inner ring through the air outlet 92.

As shown in fig. 11 and 12, a through hole is formed in one side of the outer ring facing the metal heating plate 93, gas enters the outer ring from the air inlet hole 91, the metal heating plate 93 extends into the outer ring, the gas entering the outer ring is separated by the metal heating plate 93, the gas flows towards the inner ring along the metal heating plate 93 through the through hole, and in the process of flowing towards the inner ring, the gas flows downwards towards the adsorption carbon bed 3 along the outer wall of the inner ring, so that the gas can be fully contacted with the metal heating plate 93, and the gas heating efficiency is improved.

As shown in fig. 13, as a preferred embodiment, an air outlet hole 92 is formed at the inner ring so that the wind can flow from one side of the outer wall of the inner ring to one side of the inner wall of the inner ring through the air outlet hole 92. In the process of flowing to the inner ring, one part of gas flows downwards to the adsorption carbon bed 3 along the outer wall of the inner ring, and the other part of gas enters the inner ring and flows out of the air outlet hole 92 of the inner ring to the adsorption carbon bed 3, so that the heating efficiency is further improved.

The desorption system is provided with a vacuum pump 8 and a throttle valve 13, wherein the throttle valve 13 is used for controlling the flow rate of the air inlet of the adsorption carbon bed 3, so that the adsorption carbon bed 3 is in a negative pressure state of 0.04MPa to extract high-concentration gaseous pollutants and moisture in the adsorption carbon bed 3.

Through the improvement of the desorption process, the desorption regeneration efficiency is doubled, namely 5 hours to 2.5 hours.

The control system 10 is used for controlling the work of the adsorption and filtration system, the heating system, the desorption system and the dump and hold system according to the data transmitted by the air quality monitoring system 1;

the air quality monitoring system 1, the adsorption filtration system, the heating system, the desorption system and the dump retention system are all connected with the control system 10.

The 3 structures of adsorption carbon bed include the adsorption material that is located inside intermediate position, wrap up in the outside high temperature resistant layer of adsorption material, wrap up the heat insulation layer outside high temperature resistant layer and set up in the outside shell of heat insulation layer.

The adsorption material can be an activated carbon material or a composite material of graphene and activated carbon, the composite material is formed by compounding graphene oxide and the activated carbon through a hydrothermal method, a multistage hole structure is formed, the radon adsorption coefficient is less than or equal to 6.1L/g, and the loading capacity of the graphene in the composite material on an activated carbon substrate is less than or equal to 5%.

In the process of using the multifunctional indoor air purification device provided by the present embodiment, firstly, the concentration of pollutants in the indoor environment needs to be monitored in real time through the air quality monitoring system 1, and the monitoring data is sent to the control system 10 in real time, after the control system 10 receives the data sent by the indoor air quality monitoring system 1, the data can be judged, if the concentration of at least one pollutant is greater than the preset concentration, the adsorption and filtration system is controlled to work, the adsorption air precooler 2 is opened, the gas passing through the interior of the adsorption air precooler is cooled, the cooled gas enters the adsorption carbon bed 3, the adsorption carbon bed 3 adsorbs the pollutants in the air entering the interior of the adsorption air bed, and the clean air is discharged from the exhaust port of the adsorption carbon bed 3.

After the adsorption saturation of the adsorption carbon bed 3, closing the adsorption air precooler 2, starting a heating component in a heating system to heat the adsorption carbon bed 3, preferably heating to 200-250 ℃ until bacteria and viruses adsorbed on the adsorption carbon bed 3 are inactivated at high temperature, starting a vacuum pump 8 and a throttle valve 13 in a desorption system, and adsorbing formaldehyde, TVOC and CO on the adsorption carbon bed 3₂CO, ammonia, PM2.5, radon and the like are desorbed out of the adsorption carbon bed 3; then controlling the dump retention system to work, cooling the gas discharged from the adsorption carbon bed 3 through a refrigeration unit 35, condensing the gas, separating the gas and the water through a gas-water separator 36, feeding the separated gas into a retention carbon bed 7, and discharging the separated water through a drain valve 29; and then, controlling the adsorption air precooler 2 and the high-pressure fan 5 to work, and cooling the adsorption carbon bed 3 to recover the adsorption function of the adsorption carbon bed 3. The circulation can ensure that the adsorption carbon bed 3 can quickly recover the adsorption capacity to the pollutants through the processes of heating, desorption and temperature reduction after the adsorption carbon bed is saturated with the pollutants.

In this embodiment, the external electric heater 6 can heat the gas to 200-250 deg.C, and the heated high-temperature gas can heat the adsorption carbon bed 3 uniformly and rapidly. The problem that if the temperature of the built-in electric heater of the adsorption carbon bed 3 is set to be too high (such as 200-250 ℃), the carbon is easily burnt is overcome; if the temperature of the electric heater arranged in the adsorption carbon bed 3 is normally set (such as 150 ℃ to 170 ℃), the desorption time of the adsorption carbon bed 3 is long. In addition, the multifunctional indoor air purification device provided by the embodiment does not need to cool the external electric heater 6 when the cooling process is executed, the heating process of the air purification device is facilitated, the energy consumption is saved, the regeneration time of the multifunctional indoor air purification device is shortened, and the efficiency is higher.

In the above embodiment, whether the adsorption carbon bed 3 is saturated or not may be determined by setting the operating time in the control system 10, or a pollutant concentration determining device may be provided at the gas outlet end of the adsorption carbon bed 3 to detect the concentration of the pollutant in the gas discharged after passing through the adsorption carbon bed 3, and when it is found that the concentration of the pollutant in the gas discharged after passing through the adsorption carbon bed 3 is close to or the same as the pollutant concentration monitored by the air quality monitoring system 1, it is determined that the adsorption capacity of the adsorption carbon bed 3 is saturated; of course, other methods for determining whether the adsorption of the adsorption carbon bed 3 is saturated may be used, and the determination is determined according to actual conditions, which are not described herein again.

On the basis of the above embodiments, a remote communication interface may be provided in the control system 10, and the remote communication interface is connected to a computer, a mobile phone, and the like, and during the use process, the operation of the indoor air purification device may be remotely controlled by the computer, the mobile phone, and the like, for example, the air may be purified in advance before going home.

It should be noted that, in the multifunctional indoor air purification device in this embodiment, an integrated design manner of a single chip microcomputer circuit, a liquid crystal display, and a remote control is adopted in the use process, so that local control and remote control can be realized, and the multifunctional indoor air purification device is determined specifically according to actual conditions.

Further, the multifunctional indoor air purification device provided in this embodiment may further include a dump retention system for retaining the desorbed gaseous pollutants, and is provided with a retained carbon bed 7, a heat exchanger 18, and a refrigeration unit 35, where the refrigeration unit 35 is used for cooling the pollutants discharged by the heating desorption system; the heat exchanger 18 is used for energy exchange of the contaminants discharged by the desorption system with the refrigeration unit 35; the bed of retained carbon 7 is used to store the desorbed contaminants. Among them, for example, formaldehyde, TVOC, CO in gaseous pollutants₂CO, ammonia, etc., which are retained in the retained carbon bed and are treated or recovered when the retained carbon bed is replaced; radioactive materials such as radon, etc. in the gaseous pollutants decay in the bed of retained carbon until they disappear.

In another specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, in the process of using the multifunctional indoor air purification device provided by the present application, the air quality monitoring system 1 monitors the concentration of pollutants in the indoor environment in real time, and sends the monitored data to the control system 10 in real time, the control system 10 is connected with the remote control device 11 through an RS485 interface or an ethernet interface or a bluetooth interface, and the control system 10 is connected with the air quality monitoring system 1 through an RS485 interface; the environment temperature and humidity detector 12 monitors the temperature and humidity in the indoor environment in real time and sends the monitoring data to the control system 10 in real time.

As shown in fig. 1, in the adsorption stage, the operation time of the multifunctional indoor air purification device in fig. 1 is about 80min, the adsorption air precooler 2, the high pressure fan 5, the seventh valve 27, the ninth valve 32 and the second valve 22 are opened, the external electric heater 6 is closed, the adsorption gas enters from the adsorption air precooler 2, sequentially passes through the seventh valve 27 and the ninth valve 32, enters the adsorption carbon bed 3, the adsorption carbon bed 3 adsorbs pollutants in the indoor air entering the adsorption carbon bed, and the purified air is discharged from the adsorption carbon bed 3 through the second valve 22 and mixed with the indoor air. After the adsorption saturation of the adsorption carbon bed 3, the adsorption phase is ended, and the adsorption air precooler 2, the seventh valve 27, the second valve 22 and the ninth valve 32 are closed.

As shown in fig. 2, the high pressure fan 5 may be disposed at an air inlet of the adsorption carbon bed 3 to increase the pressure in the adsorption carbon bed 3, thereby improving the adsorption effect.

As shown in fig. 3, the high pressure fan 5 may also be disposed at the air outlet of the adsorption carbon bed 3, and specifically determined according to actual conditions, during desorption, the high pressure fan 5 may also be disposed at the air outlet of the adsorption carbon bed 3 to reduce the pressure in the adsorption carbon bed 3 compared with the pressure at the air inlet, which is beneficial to improving the desorption effect.

In the heating stage, the operation time of the multifunctional indoor air purification device in fig. 1 is about 40 min; as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the external electric heater 6 or the microwave heater 16 is turned on, the fifth valve 25, the sixth valve 26 and the first valve 21 are turned on, the gas is circulated as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the adsorption carbon bed 3 is heated, and the temperature of the activated carbon in the adsorption carbon bed 3 is monitored by the adsorption carbon bed temperature detector 23 until the temperature is heated to 200-250 ℃.

In the desorption stage, as shown in fig. 1 and 6, the throttle valve 13, the negative pressure switch 14, the vacuum gauge 15, the fourth valve 24, the desorption condenser 4 and the vacuum pump 8 are opened, the high pressure fan 5 and the first valve 21 are closed to form a negative pressure in the adsorption carbon bed 3, and the desorbed gas containing high concentration pollutants enters the desorption condenser 4 through the fourth valve 24. The operating time of the indoor air cleaning apparatus in fig. 1 in the desorption stage is about 60 min.

As shown in fig. 1 and 7, in the dump and hold stage, the vacuum pump 8, the gas-water separator 36, the heat exchanger 18, the refrigeration unit 35, the third valve 30, the ninth valve 32, the first check valve 33, the second check valve 34, and the discharge port 19 are opened, and the gas flowing out of the desorption condenser 4 passes through: the device comprises a first gas-water separator 36, a vacuum pump 8, a heat exchanger 18 and a second gas-water separator 36, wherein the heat exchanger 18 is connected with a refrigeration unit 35, gas exchanges heat in the heat exchanger 18, the heat exchanger 18 is provided with a heat exchanger temperature sensor 20, water separated by the gas-water separator 36 flows into a water receiving tray 17 through a first drain valve 28 or a second drain valve 29, gas separated by the second gas-water separator 36 flows into a carbon retention bed 7 through a second one-way valve 34, desorbed high-concentration pollutants are adsorbed and stored by the carbon retention bed 7, and the gas is discharged from a discharge port 19 through the first one-way valve 33. After the dump retention is finished, the dump retention system is closed.

As shown in fig. 1 and 8, in the cooling stage, the operation time of the multifunctional indoor air purification device in fig. 1 is about 50min, and the adsorption air precooler 2, the high pressure fan 5, the ninth valve 32, the second valve 22, the first valve 21 and the eighth valve 31 are opened; the gas cooled by the refrigeration unit 35 enters the adsorption carbon bed 3 through the adsorption air precooler 2 to cool the adsorption carbon bed 3, and the air in the external environment enters the adsorption carbon bed 3 through the second valve 22, the first valve 21 and the ninth valve 32 to cool the adsorption carbon bed 3, so as to form a refrigeration flow path as shown in fig. 8.

After the refrigeration is finished, if the concentration of at least one pollutant in the pollutant concentrations monitored by the indoor air quality monitoring system 1 is greater than the preset concentration, the steps are continuously repeated, and if all the pollutant concentrations are less than the preset concentration, the multifunctional indoor air purification device is closed.

In addition to the air quality monitoring system 1, the present invention also provides an indoor air purification method applied to the multifunctional indoor air purification apparatus disclosed in the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the pollutants monitored by the air quality monitoring system 1 include various types such as harmful microorganisms, radioactive substances, harmful gases, and PM2.5, and the method includes:

step S1, controlling the air quality monitoring system 1 to monitor the pollutants in the ambient air and sending the monitoring data to the control system 10 in real time; judging whether the concentration of at least one pollutant in the pollutant concentration monitored by the indoor air quality monitoring system 1 is greater than a preset concentration, if so, entering the next step, and if not, continuing monitoring;

step S2, starting the high pressure fan 5, pumping indoor polluted air into the adsorption air precooler 2 for cooling, feeding the gas precooled by the adsorption air precooler 2 into the adsorption carbon bed 3 filled with the adsorption material, adsorbing the pollutants in the micropores of the adsorption material, discharging the purified air from the exhaust port of the adsorption carbon bed 3 and mixing the purified air with the indoor air; judging whether the adsorption of the adsorption carbon bed 3 is saturated, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuing the adsorption;

step S3, closing the adsorption air precooler 2, starting the microwave heater 16 to heat the activated carbon of the adsorption carbon bed 3, or controlling the external electric heater 6 to heat the activated carbon of the adsorption carbon bed 3; monitoring the temperature of the activated carbon in the adsorption carbon bed 3 by using an adsorption carbon bed temperature detector 23 until the adsorption carbon bed 3 is heated to 200-250 ℃; starting a desorption system, desorbing the adsorption carbon bed 3, judging whether the adsorption carbon bed 3 is completely desorbed, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, continuing to desorb;

step S4, turning off the heating component;

and step S5, opening the high pressure fan 5 and the adsorption air precooler 2 to cool the adsorption carbon bed 3, precooling the air to the temperature of 2-5 ℃ through the adsorption air precooler 2, judging whether the adsorption carbon bed 3 is cooled to meet the requirement through the adsorption carbon bed temperature detector 23, if so, returning to the monitoring step, and if not, continuously cooling.

In the step S4, after the heating element is turned off, the dump retention system is turned on to adsorb and store the high concentration pollutants desorbed from the adsorption carbon bed 3 and discharge the clean air when the adsorption carbon bed 3 is desorbed, and the dump retention system is turned off after the adsorption retention process of the high concentration pollutants is completed.

Wherein, after the gas desorbed by the adsorption carbon bed 3 is cooled to 2-5 ℃ in a dumping and detention system, high-concentration pollutants in the gas are adsorbed and stored.

In the step S5, the step of turning on the high pressure fan 5 and the adsorption air precooler 2 to cool the adsorption carbon bed includes: the air is cooled to 2-5 ℃ by the adsorption air precooler 2.

With the indoor air purification device provided by the above specific embodiment, the following tests were performed, and the test contents included:

test of purification efficiency of gaseous pollutants

1. Test contaminants:

ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, TVOC

2. Test conditions

Ambient temperature: 24.2 ℃; ambient humidity: 63% RH

3. Test apparatus

Air duct type purification system testing device, VOCs rapid determinator and infrared CO₂Analyzer, infrared CO analyzer

4. Operating state of indoor air purifying device

Starting the adsorption mode in the test process "

5. Test procedure

1) Opening an indoor air purification device and a test bed fan, and adjusting the indoor air purification device to a normal working state;

2) generating pollutants meeting the test concentration requirement in a pipeline at the upstream of the indoor air purification device by using a gaseous pollutant generator;

3) after the concentration of the pollutants is stable, sampling is respectively carried out at an upstream sampling position and a downstream sampling position of the pipeline; 4) the sampling frequency is not less than 3 times, and the average value is taken to calculate the purification efficiency of the indoor air purification device to the gaseous pollutants.

6. Formula for calculation

Purification efficiency(C₁Is the upstream concentration of the indoor air purification device, mg/m³；C₂Is the downstream concentration of the indoor air purification device, mg/m³)

7. The result of the detection

Through above-mentioned experiment, the multi-functional indoor air purification device that this application provided all reaches more than 94% to ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, TVOC's single efficiency of getting rid of.

PM2.5 purification efficiency test

1. Test contaminants:

KCl

2. test conditions

1) Ambient temperature: 23.2 ℃; 2) ambient humidity: 56% RH

3. Test apparatus

Air duct type purification system testing device and dust tester

4. Operating state of indoor air purifying device

Manual adsorption mode for starting test process "

5. Test procedure

1) Starting an indoor air purification device and a fan of a testing device, and adjusting the indoor air purification device to reach a rated working condition;

2) generating particulate matter meeting the test concentration requirement in a pipeline at the upstream of the indoor air purification device by using an aerosol generator;

3) and after the dust emission is stable, testing the upstream and downstream of the tested device by using a dust tester respectively, and taking the average value of at least six tests as an upstream concentration value and a downstream concentration value.

6. Formula for calculation

(C₁Concentration of upstream of indoor air cleaning device, μ g/m³；C₂Concentration of downstream of indoor air cleaning device, μ g/m³)

7. The result of the detection

Through the test, the multifunctional indoor air purification device provided by the application can be used for purifying PM_2.5The single purification efficiency is as high as 97%.

Test of filtration efficiency

1. Test contaminants:

KCl aerosol

2. Test apparatus

Air duct type purification system testing device and laser dust particle calculator

3. Operating state of indoor air purifying device

Starting the adsorption mode in the test process "

4. Test procedure

1) Adjusting the air duct type purification system testing device to a working state, adjusting the temperature in the system to (23 +/-5) DEG C, adjusting the humidity to 75% RH, checking the cleanliness of the upstream test air, starting an aerosol generator, respectively measuring the number concentration of upstream and downstream particles, calculating the correlation coefficient of upstream and downstream sampling, and closing the aerosol generator;

(2) measuring the background concentration of downstream particles, fixing the indoor air purification device on a test bed according to requirements, starting an aerosol generator, and generating aerosol with a certain concentration;

(3) and after the dust generation is stable, starting the two optical particle counters, setting relevant measurement parameters, and measuring the concentrations of aerosol particles upstream and downstream.

5. Formula for calculation

(A₁For the concentration of aerosol particles, particles/m, upstream of the indoor air cleaning unit³；A₂For the aerosol particle concentration, particle/m, downstream of the indoor air cleaning unit³R is a correlation coefficient)

6. The result of the detection

Through the test, the single filtration efficiency of the multifunctional indoor air purification device provided by the application to KCl aerosol is up to 96%.

Detection of harmful microorganisms

1. And (3) detection results:

can know through above-mentioned experiment, the multi-functional indoor air purification device that this application provided reaches 90% to the single efficiency of getting rid of bacterium.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. Any combination of all embodiments provided by the present invention is within the scope of the present invention, and will not be described herein.

The multifunctional indoor air purifying device and the indoor air purifying method provided by the invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.