阅读说明：本技术 半导体开关装置 (Semiconductor switch device ) 是由 T.亨克尔 M.莱克勒 A.内格尔 于 2018-04-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种半导体开关装置(1),其具有至少两个分别具有交流电压接头(23)的半桥模块(2)、以及正直流电压母线(41)、负直流电压母线(42)和至少一个交流电压母线(43),其中交流电压接头(23)借助交流电压母线(43)彼此电气连接。为了改善电气并联布置的半桥模块(2)上的电流分布,建议至少在交流电压接头(23)的区域内,正直流电压母线(41)和负直流电压母线(42)关于布置有交流电压母线(43)的区域延伸,其中,至少两个半桥模块(2)中的两个并排地布置,使得至少两个半桥模块(2)中的两个的交流电压表面(33)彼此相邻地布置。此外,本发明涉及一种变流器(3),其具有至少一个这种半导体开关装置(1)。此外,本发明涉及一种车辆(7)、特别是轨道车辆,其具有至少一个这种半导体开关装置(1)或这种变流器(3)。(The invention relates to a semiconductor switching device (1) having at least two half-bridge modules (2) each having an AC voltage connection (23), and a positive DC voltage bus (41), a negative DC voltage bus (42) and at least one AC voltage bus (43), wherein the AC voltage connections (23) are electrically connected to one another by means of the AC voltage bus (43). In order to improve the current distribution over half-bridge modules (2) arranged electrically in parallel, it is proposed that, at least in the region of the alternating current voltage connection (23), a positive direct current voltage busbar (41) and a negative direct current voltage busbar (42) extend in relation to the region in which the alternating current voltage busbar (43) is arranged, wherein two of the at least two half-bridge modules (2) are arranged side by side such that the alternating current voltage surfaces (33) of two of the at least two half-bridge modules (2) are arranged adjacent to one another. The invention further relates to a converter (3) having at least one such semiconductor switching device (1). The invention further relates to a vehicle (7), in particular a rail vehicle, having at least one such semiconductor switching device (1) or such a converter (3).)

1. A semiconductor switching device (1) has:

at least two half-bridge modules (2) each having an AC voltage connection (23),

-a positive direct voltage bus (41), a negative direct voltage bus (42) and at least one alternating voltage bus (43),

wherein the alternating voltage connection (23) is electrically connected to one another by means of an alternating voltage busbar (43), wherein, at least in the region of the alternating voltage connection (23), the positive direct voltage busbar (41) and the negative direct voltage busbar (42) extend in relation to the region in which the alternating voltage busbar (43) is arranged, wherein two of the at least two half-bridge modules (2) are arranged side by side such that the respective alternating voltage surfaces (33) of two of the at least two half-bridge modules (2) are arranged spatially adjacent to one another.

2. Semiconductor switching device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the half-bridge modules (2) are each arranged in pairs such that the alternating voltage surfaces (33) of the two half-bridge modules (2) are each arranged spatially adjacent to one another.

3. A semiconductor switching device (1) according to claim 2, wherein different half-bridge modules (2) arranged in pairs adjacent with respect to their alternating voltage surface (33) are arranged spatially adjacent to each other with respect to their longitudinal surface (32).

4. A semiconductor switching device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the positive direct voltage bus (41) and the negative direct voltage bus (42) are arranged non-through to each other for connection with the half bridge module.

5. Semiconductor switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the half-bridge module (2) is mounted on a plane, in particular on a heat sink (4).

6. Semiconductor switching arrangement (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein adjacent half bridge modules (2) are arranged in parallel with each other.

7. A converter (3) having at least one semiconductor switching device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Vehicle (7), in particular rail vehicle, having at least one semiconductor switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6 or one converter (3) according to claim 7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a semiconductor switching device having at least two half-bridge modules each having an ac voltage connection, a positive dc voltage bus, a negative dc voltage bus and at least one ac voltage bus. The invention further relates to a converter having such a semiconductor switching device and to a vehicle having at least one such semiconductor switching device or such a converter.

Background

In order to increase the efficiency of the converter or the semiconductor-based switchgear in general, a parallel connection of two or more semiconductors is implemented.

In this case, it is a common technical solution to connect power semiconductors directly and hard in parallel to increase the output power. It is important here that the loading of the semiconductor should be as uniform as possible. This is achieved by:

selection of semiconductor characteristics (e.g. same turn-on characteristic curve), and

a "symmetrical" arrangement of semiconductors.

Here, the half-bridge module is considered below. The half-bridge module has at least two semiconductor switches arranged in series. With the half-bridge module, the phases of the converter can be realized. The half-bridge module has a positive dc voltage connection for connecting to a positive dc voltage bus, a negative dc voltage connection for connecting to a negative dc voltage bus, and an ac voltage connection for connecting to an ac voltage bus. The positive direct voltage bus has in operation the positive potential of the intermediate circuit and the negative direct voltage bus has in operation the negative potential of the intermediate circuit. An ac voltage connection represents an input or output on the ac voltage side, for example an input or output of a converter.

The half-bridge module generally has a rectangular parallelepiped structure. Here, the surface does not necessarily have a flat structure. They may be of any kind. The following description is used to designate the sides of the half-bridge modules so that the orientation of the half-bridge modules relative to each other can be described.

The corresponding contacts of the half-bridge module are on a first surface, which is also usually referred to as the upper side. The half-bridge modules can be fastened on the opposite side, preferably at the heat sink, in order to dissipate heat generated during operation.

The four side surfaces of the half-bridge module are adjacent to the first surface. The two opposing longitudinal surfaces extend substantially parallel to the connection from one of the dc voltage connections to the ac voltage connection. The side surfaces connecting the two longitudinal surfaces to each other and located near the ac voltage connection are referred to as ac voltage surfaces.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a semiconductor switching device having half-bridge modules arranged in parallel on the ac voltage side, in which the current distribution across the individual half-bridge modules is improved.

This object is achieved by a semiconductor switching device comprising:

at least two half-bridge modules each having an ac voltage connection,

a positive direct voltage busbar, a negative direct voltage busbar and at least one alternating voltage busbar, wherein the alternating voltage terminals are electrically connected to one another by means of the alternating voltage busbar, wherein at least in the region of the alternating voltage terminals the positive direct voltage busbar and the negative direct voltage busbar extend in relation to the region in which the alternating voltage busbar is arranged, wherein two of the at least two half-bridge modules are arranged side by side such that the alternating voltage surfaces of two of the at least two half-bridge modules are arranged adjacent to one another. Furthermore, according to the invention, the object is achieved by a converter having at least one such semiconductor switching device and by a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, having at least one such semiconductor switching device or such a converter.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the following recognition: by not only extending the positive and negative dc voltage busses with respect to the area where the ac voltage busses are located, but also by arranging the half-bridge modules such that they are opposite at their ac voltage surface, the current distribution between the half-bridge modules arranged electrically in parallel can be improved. The conductor loops of the individual half-bridge modules arranged in parallel, which determine the inductance for each module, are thus matched to one another. This results in a current being distributed evenly to the individual half-bridge modules connected in parallel, precisely for transient processes. This becomes stronger the higher the switching frequency of the module. In other words, a particularly good uniform distribution of the current over the individual modules can also be achieved for high switching frequencies.

A preliminary improvement of the current distribution can be achieved by enlarging the direct current intermediate circuit busbar, i.e. the positive direct voltage busbar DC + and the negative direct voltage busbar DC-with respect to the entire arrangement. Thus, the cross-section of the bus bar must be larger than the cross-section it was designed for the current amplifier. As the area of the alternating voltage bus increases, the reverse current of the AC load current can follow the contour of the alternating voltage bus (proximity effect). Only a minimal inductance difference results in this arrangement and thus a largely symmetrical current distribution.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous if, at least in the region of the ac voltage connection, the dc voltage busbar and the ac voltage busbar are arranged parallel to one another. Here, the bus bars should be kept at a certain distance from each other to prevent charge balance (insulation distance) between the bus bars.

By arranging the half-bridge modules in pairs, in which the alternating voltage surfaces are situated adjacent to one another, a particularly advantageous arrangement of the bus bars can be achieved. The positive and negative dc voltage connections and the ac voltage connections should be connected to each other by means of a positive dc voltage bus, a negative dc voltage bus and an ac voltage bus, respectively. In this orientation of the half-bridge module, the ac voltage connections point towards one another and are covered by the ac voltage busbars and the intermediate circuit busbars.

This can now be achieved in a particularly simple manner. The ac voltage bus is here the bus closest to the half-bridge module. The ac voltage connection is also the connection forming the innermost connection in the arrangement of the two half-bridge modules. The second closest bus, i.e. the bus starting from the half-bridge module behind the ac voltage bus, is such a bus: the bus bar connection is located next to the ac voltage connection. The resulting or the bus bar furthest from the modules constitutes the bus bar connecting the external connections of the half-bridge modules arranged in parallel to each other.

With this arrangement, no bus bar has to pass through the other bus bar to be connected to one of the connectors. Thereby, a uniform inductance characteristic is achieved for each half-bridge module. The intermediate circuit bus can thereby be implemented particularly simply. Also, the assembly is simple. In a simple manner, the distance for avoiding flashovers or short circuits can be maintained by the distance of the bus bars. In this way, troublesome and error-prone installation steps, such as those required for the case of bores and bushings, are dispensed with in order to reliably maintain the predetermined distance.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the half-bridge modules are each arranged in pairs, so that the ac voltage surfaces of the two half-bridge modules are arranged next to one another.

A particular advantage of the design of the semiconductor switching device is that very different converter variants can be realized very simply. In order to realize a converter, a plurality of phases are generally required, which are formed by different ac voltage busbars. In this case, only the load connection has to be modified. This is achieved by shaping the ac voltage bus. The remaining components of the power section of the converter, such as the intermediate circuit bus and the heat sink, can remain unchanged in different configurations. This increases the number of identical parts in the production of different converter configurations and leads to lower costs in manufacturing.

Thus, for example, three phases can be generated in a simple manner from 12 half-bridge modules, each having four parallel half-bridge modules. Likewise, two phases with six parallel half-bridge modules can be produced. These arrangements differ here only in the formation of the corresponding alternating voltage busbar. Other possibilities are for example three phases, 4 parallel connections, or six phases, 2 parallel connections. In this way, different configurations can be produced in a particularly simple manner depending on the number of half-bridge modules, simply by modifying the ac voltage bus.

This embodiment is particularly advantageous if the semiconductor switching device has an even number of half-bridge modules. All the existing half-bridge modules can then be arranged in opposite pairs at their ac voltage surface.

One possible embodiment is to arrange the half-bridge modules in a circular manner. The alternating voltage surfaces are adjacent to one another. Furthermore, the surface of the half-bridge module facing the ac voltage surface is also adjacent to the surface of the other half-bridge module facing the ac voltage surface.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the different half-bridge modules, which are arranged in pairs adjacent to their ac voltage surface, are arranged adjacent to one another with respect to their longitudinal surface. This results in a particularly compact design of the converter, which can have a high flexibility in terms of different configurations. Since the structure and the arrangement differ only in the ac voltage busbar, a highly flexible and at the same time compact structure can be achieved for the converter with this arrangement.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the positive and negative dc voltage rails are arranged so as not to be connected to each other for connection to the half-bridge module. Since the connections are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to one another, the innermost connections of the parallel circuit can be connected to one another by means of busbars arranged closest to the half-bridge modules. The remaining bus bars are stacked thereon. The higher the bus bars are arranged, the further out the contacts on the parallel circuit of the half-bridge module. Busbars without holes or bushings can be produced for connection to the half-bridge modules. The assembly is thus not only simple, but is also significantly less prone to failure since the precise distance between the bushing and the bore is no longer required to ensure the insulation distance.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the half-bridge module is mounted on a flat surface, in particular on a heat sink. The structural unit for the converter can thus be realized in a simple manner. Due to the weight of the converter, the converter can also be easily replaced. At the same time, the converter can be universally used for different converter configurations. This simplifies spare part inventory, which results in greatly reduced logistics costs. The choice of the heat sink as a plane is particularly advantageous. The heat sink then ensures the cooling of the plurality of half-bridge modules. At the same time, the heat sink is torsion-resistant, so that an arrangement of a plurality of half-bridge modules can be reliably and securely accommodated.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, adjacent half-bridge modules are arranged in parallel with one another. With a parallel arrangement, the half-bridge modules can be arranged particularly space-saving. Since the mounting surface (which is embodied, for example, as a heat sink) is also generally rectangular, the heat sink can be designed to be small and cost-effective.

Drawings

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described and explained in more detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings. In the drawings:

figures 1 and 2 show half-bridge modules,

figure 3 shows the conductor loops in a parallel arrangement of half-bridge modules,

fig. 4 to 9 show embodiments of a semiconductor switching device, an

Fig. 10 shows a rail vehicle.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a half-bridge module 2 with its dc voltage connections 21, 22 and its ac voltage connection 23. The side faces shown form a first face 31 of the half-bridge module 2 in the shape of a cuboid. The hole 24 is used for fastening, for example, to a heat sink 4, which is not shown here. The surfaces connected at right angles to the first surface 31 are a longitudinal surface 32 and an alternating voltage surface 33. Fig. 2 shows a side view of the half-bridge module 2. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the description of fig. 1 and the reference numerals incorporated therein. Additionally, a bottom side 26 is shown here, at which the half-bridge module 2 is preferably connected to the heat sink 4. The control connector 25 is used to control the switches in the half-bridge module 2.

Different inductance ratios of the four half-bridge modules 2 can be explained with reference to fig. 3. The half-bridge modules 2 are arranged side by side on their longitudinal surfaces 32. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the description of fig. 1 and 2 and the reference numerals introduced therein. Each of the connectors is connected to a bus bar. A positive direct voltage busbar 41 and a negative direct voltage busbar 42 arranged one above the other are available for connection with the capacitor 5. An electrical load, not shown, is connected to the ac voltage bus 43. The commutation circuit is connected via a load. It can be seen that different conductor loops 6 are generated for the half-bridge modules 2, which result in different inductances. This different inductance leads in part to a comparatively high current asymmetry in the case of different current distributions over the half-bridge modules 2.

Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the semiconductor switching device 1. Here, the half-bridge modules 2 are arranged in pairs such that the alternating voltage surfaces 33 are adjacent. Furthermore, the positive dc voltage busbar 41 and the negative dc voltage busbar 42 also extend with respect to the region of the ac voltage connection 23, in particular also with respect to the ac voltage busbar 43 in the region of the ac voltage connection 23. By means of this configuration, the inductances of the individual commutation circuits are of the same size or at least almost the same size, so that a uniform current distribution is produced across the half-bridge modules arranged electrically in parallel. Fig. 5 shows a side view of the embodiment according to fig. 4. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the description of fig. 4 and the reference numerals introduced therein. The heat sink 4 serves for cooling and mechanical fastening of the semiconductor switching device 1. By means of the orientation in which the alternating voltage surfaces 33 are adjacently opposed, an advantageous arrangement of the connections 21, 22, 23 results. These connections can be connected by means of the busbars 41, 42, 43 without having to pass through any of the further busbars 41, 42, 43 for this purpose. This makes it possible to connect the individual connections in a simple and error-free manner, and to produce the busbars 41, 42, 43 in a simple and cost-effective manner without bushings.

Fig. 6 to 9 below show how the semiconductor switching device 1 can be constructed, for example, to construct an embodiment of a converter 3. It should be noted that for all these embodiments, the 12 half-bridge modules 2 are arranged identically and differ only by the alternating voltage bus 43. It follows that the semiconductor switching device 1 can be used modularly and different configurations can be realized in a simple manner. In this case, any other arbitrary number of half-bridge modules can be arranged in addition to the 12 half-bridge modules shown here. It is particularly advantageous if the number of half-bridge modules 2 is divisible by 2, since then two half-bridge modules can be arranged in pairs next to each other and opposite at the ac voltage surface of the half-bridge modules.

Fig. 6 shows an embodiment with three phases and 4 parallel connections. Fig. 7 shows an embodiment with two phases and 6 parallel connections. Fig. 8 shows an embodiment with four phases and 3 parallel connections. Fig. 9 shows an embodiment with six phases and 2 parallel connections.

Fig. 10 shows a vehicle 7, which is a rail vehicle. A converter 3 having a semiconductor switching device 1 is arranged in the vehicle 7. The converter 3 is used for the controlled supply of electric energy to the electric motor of the vehicle 7. The vehicle 7 draws the energy required for this purpose from a slip-on power supply line, not shown here, by means of a current collector 71.

In summary, the invention relates to a semiconductor switching device having at least two half-bridge modules each having an ac voltage connection, and a positive dc voltage busbar, a negative dc voltage busbar and at least one ac voltage busbar, wherein the ac voltage connections are electrically connected to one another by means of the ac voltage busbar. In order to improve the current distribution over the half-bridge modules arranged electrically in parallel, it is proposed that, at least in the region of the ac voltage connection, a positive dc voltage busbar and a negative dc voltage busbar extend with respect to the region in which the ac voltage busbar is arranged, wherein two of the at least two half-bridge modules are arranged side by side such that the ac voltage surfaces of the two of the at least two half-bridge modules are arranged adjacent to one another. The invention further relates to a converter having at least one such semiconductor switching device. The invention further relates to a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, having at least one such semiconductor switching device or such a converter.