阅读说明：本技术 一种连续热解气化系统及方法 (Continuous pyrolysis gasification system and method ) 是由 房建忠 赵士州 李加瑞 楚海龙 江健 马海丽 郑子于 高婧 张南竹 于 2019-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种连续热解气化系统及方法,系统包括：气化炉、等离子室、复合式余热锅炉、合成气净化装置、尾气余热锅炉、内燃发电机组、合成气增压风机、气柜、排烟装置、汽轮发电机组和电力升压装置。方法包括：物料在气化炉中进行热解气化,产生的合成气在等离子室经高温进一步分解重整,消除大分子物质与大颗粒,高温合成气经过复合式余热锅炉进行加热气化介质和生产蒸汽实现热能回收,产生的高温气化介质将热量带入气化炉,蒸汽驱动汽轮发电机组发电,经过净化后的合成气进入内燃发电机组发电,高温内燃机尾气经尾气余热锅炉换热,产生蒸汽驱动汽轮机发电,系统产生的电能经调压后并入电网。该系统运行伟大,能提供垃圾焚烧利用率。(The invention discloses a continuous pyrolysis gasification system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises a gasification furnace, a plasma chamber, a combined type waste heat boiler, a synthetic gas purification device, a tail gas waste heat boiler, an internal combustion generator set, a synthetic gas booster fan, a gas holder, a smoke exhaust device, a steam turbine generator set and an electric power boosting device. The method comprises the following steps: the material carries out pyrolysis gasification in the gasifier, the synthetic gas of production further decomposes the reformation through high temperature in the plasma chamber, eliminate macromolecular substance and large granule, high temperature synthetic gas heats the gasification medium and produces steam through combined type exhaust-heat boiler and realizes heat recovery, the high temperature gasification medium of production brings the heat into the gasifier, steam drive turbo generator set electricity generation, synthetic gas after the purification gets into the internal combustion generator set electricity generation, high temperature internal-combustion engine tail gas is through the heat transfer of tail gas exhaust-heat boiler, produce steam drive steam turbine electricity generation, the electric energy that the system produced incorporates into the electric wire netting after the pressure regulating. The system has great operation range and can provide the waste incineration utilization rate.)

1. A continuous pyrolysis gasification system, comprising:

the system comprises a gasification furnace, a plasma chamber, a combined type waste heat boiler, a synthetic gas purification device, a tail gas waste heat boiler, an internal combustion generator set, a synthetic gas booster fan, a gas holder, a smoke exhaust device, a steam turbine generator set and an electric power boosting device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the gasification furnace is respectively provided with a material input port, a hot gasification medium inlet, a gasification outlet and a slag discharge port, and the gasification outlet is sequentially connected with the plasma chamber, the combined type waste heat boiler, the synthetic gas purification device, the synthetic gas booster fan, the gas holder, the internal combustion generator set, the tail gas waste heat boiler and the smoke exhaust device;

the composite waste heat boiler is respectively provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet, a thermal gasification medium outlet, a hot steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a bottom ash discharge port, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the plasma chamber, the hot gasification medium outlet is connected with the thermal gasification medium inlet of the gasification furnace, the hot steam outlet is connected with the steam turbine generator unit, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the synthesis gas purification device;

the tail gas waste heat boiler is respectively provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet, a hot steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a bottom ash discharge port, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the internal combustion generator set, the hot steam outlet is connected with the steam turbine generator set, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with a smoke discharge device;

and the electric energy output ends of the internal combustion generator unit and the steam turbine generator unit are connected with a power grid through the electric power boosting device.

2. The continuous pyrolysis gasification system of claim 1 wherein the complex waste heat boiler comprises: the gasification device comprises an air blower, a gasification medium heater and a waste heat boiler, wherein the gasification medium heater and the waste heat boiler are sequentially connected, a pyrolysis gas inlet, a normal-temperature gasification medium inlet and a hot gasification medium outlet are respectively arranged on the gasification medium heater, the normal-temperature gasification medium inlet is connected with the air blower, and a hot steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a bottom ash discharge port are respectively arranged on the waste heat boiler.

3. The continuous pyrolysis gasification system of claim 2 wherein the blower is a variable frequency blower.

4. The continuous pyrolysis gasification system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a cooling water jacket is provided at a material input port of the gasifier.

5. The continuous pyrolysis gasification system of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the syngas booster fan is a variable frequency booster fan.

6. The continuous pyrolysis gasification system of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the plasma chamber is provided with an ash discharge at the bottom.

7. The continuous pyrolysis gasification system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fume extractor is composed of an induced draft fan and a chimney which are connected in sequence.

8. A continuous pyrolysis gasification method, characterized by using the continuous pyrolysis gasification system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

heating a gasification furnace to 550-650 ℃ by auxiliary fuel in advance, allowing the pyrolyzed material to enter the gasification furnace reaching a preset temperature for reaction, and allowing the generated synthesis gas to enter a plasma chamber;

further decomposing the synthesis gas at 1100-1200 ℃ in the plasma chamber to remove impurities, and allowing the obtained high-temperature synthesis gas to enter a combined type waste heat boiler for heat exchange and temperature reduction and dust reduction;

after heat exchange and temperature reduction are carried out on the combined type waste heat boiler, the synthesis gas with the temperature of 180-220 ℃ enters a synthesis gas purification device for purification and temperature reduction;

clean synthesis gas with the temperature of 30-50 ℃ discharged from the synthesis gas purification device enters an internal combustion generator set to do work and generate power after being buffered and stabilized by a gas holder;

tail gas of the internal combustion generator set enters a tail gas waste heat boiler for heat energy utilization, and smoke in the tail gas waste heat boiler is discharged through a smoke discharging device;

the steam generated by the combined type waste heat boiler and the waste heat boiler is supplied to a steam turbine generator unit to generate electricity;

and electric energy generated by the steam turbine generator unit and the internal combustion generator unit is boosted by the electric power boosting device and then is transmitted to the power grid.

9. The continuous pyrolysis gasification process of claim 8, further comprising: and conveying the hot gasification medium heated by the combined type waste heat boiler at the temperature of 550-650 ℃ into the gasification furnace to heat the material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of pyrolysis and gasification by using municipal solid waste, hazardous waste and other garbage, in particular to a continuous pyrolysis and gasification system and a method.

Background

At present, the known incinerator for incineration treatment of household garbage, industrial hazardous waste and other hazardous waste generally adopts horizontal rotary kiln, fluidized bed, circulating fluidized bed, AB furnace and other process equipment. But during the disposal there are: the defects of incomplete pyrolysis and gasification of garbage, insufficient reaction, unreliable system, low energy utilization rate and the like, and the defects of slagging, damage to furnace body refractory materials, influence on the service life of a furnace body and the like of the rotary kiln incineration industrial hazardous wastes. The existing incineration treatment process can not well adapt to the industrialized requirement, and easily causes the defects of environmental pollution, energy waste and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a continuous pyrolysis gasification system and a method, which can solve the problems that the existing treatment process for incinerating garbage cannot be well adapted to the industrial requirements, environmental pollution, energy waste and the like are easily caused.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an embodiment of the present invention provides a continuous pyrolysis gasification system, including:

the system comprises a gasification furnace, a plasma chamber, a combined type waste heat boiler, a synthetic gas purification device, a waste heat boiler, an internal combustion generator set, a synthetic gas booster fan, a gas holder, a smoke exhaust device, a steam turbine generator set and an electric power boosting device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the gasification furnace is respectively provided with a material input port, a hot gasification medium inlet, a gasification outlet and a slag discharge port, and the gasification outlet is sequentially connected with the plasma chamber, the combined type waste heat boiler, the synthetic gas purification device, the synthetic gas booster fan, the gas holder, the internal combustion generator set, the waste heat boiler and the smoke exhaust device;

the composite waste heat boiler is respectively provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet, a thermal gasification medium outlet, a hot steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a bottom ash discharge port, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the plasma chamber, the hot gasification medium outlet is connected with the thermal gasification medium inlet of the gasification furnace, the hot steam outlet is connected with the steam turbine generator unit, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the synthesis gas purification device;

the waste heat boiler is respectively provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet, a hot steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a bottom ash discharge port, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the internal combustion generator set, the hot steam outlet is connected with the steam turbine generator set, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with a smoke discharge device;

and the electric energy output ends of the internal combustion generator unit and the steam turbine generator unit are connected with a power grid through the electric power boosting device.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a continuous pyrolysis and gasification method, and the continuous pyrolysis and gasification system comprises the following steps:

heating a gasification furnace to 550-650 ℃ by auxiliary fuel in advance, allowing the pyrolyzed material to enter the gasification furnace reaching a preset temperature for reaction, and allowing the generated synthesis gas to enter a plasma chamber;

further decomposing the synthesis gas at 1100-1200 ℃ in the plasma chamber to remove impurities, and allowing the obtained high-temperature synthesis gas to enter a combined type waste heat boiler for heat exchange and temperature reduction and dust reduction;

after heat exchange and temperature reduction are carried out on the combined type waste heat boiler, the synthesis gas with the temperature of 180-220 ℃ enters a synthesis gas purification device for purification and temperature reduction;

clean synthesis gas with the temperature of 30-50 ℃ discharged from the synthesis gas purification device enters an internal combustion generator set to do work and generate power after being buffered and stabilized by a gas holder;

tail gas of the internal combustion generator set enters a tail gas waste heat boiler for heat energy utilization, and smoke in the tail gas waste heat boiler is discharged through a smoke discharging device;

steam generated by the combined type waste heat boiler and the tail gas waste heat boiler is supplied to a steam turbine generator unit to generate electricity;

and electric energy generated by the steam turbine generator unit and the internal combustion generator unit is boosted by the electric power boosting device and then is transmitted to the power grid.

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the continuous pyrolysis gasification system and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that:

through the gasifier, plasma chamber, combined type exhaust-heat boiler, synthetic gas purifier, tail gas exhaust-heat boiler, internal combustion generator set, synthetic gas booster fan, gas holder, fume extractor, turbo generator set and the electric power boost device who sets up organic connection, form one kind and can connect the pyrolysis rubbish material to the system of the pyrolysis gas effective utilization that produces, not only be applicable to the industrial production, can effectually carry out resource utilization moreover, and the at utmost has reduced the pollution that waste incineration caused.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous pyrolysis gasification system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

the device names corresponding to the marks in the figure are as follows: the system comprises a gasification furnace 1, a plasma chamber 2, a blower 3, a combined type waste heat boiler 4, a turbo-generator unit 5, a synthesis gas purification device 6, a synthesis gas booster fan 7, a gas holder 8, a gas generator unit 9, a tail gas waste heat boiler 10, an induced draft fan 11, a chimney 12, an electric power boosting device 13, a gasification medium heater 14, a material input port of the gasification furnace A, a slag discharge port of the gasification furnace B, an ash discharge port of the plasma chamber C, an ash discharge port of the combined type waste heat boiler D, and an ash discharge port of the tail gas waste heat boiler E.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific contents of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a continuous pyrolysis and gasification system, which can continuously and fully pyrolyze and gasify garbage completely, has good system stability, effectively improves energy utilization rate, and well solves the problems of unreliable operation, substandard emission, and low energy utilization rate of various pyrolysis and gasification processes in the engineering, and includes:

the system comprises a gasification furnace, a plasma chamber, a combined type waste heat boiler, a synthetic gas purification device, a tail gas waste heat boiler, an internal combustion generator set, a synthetic gas booster fan, a gas holder, a smoke exhaust device, a steam turbine generator set and an electric power boosting device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the gasification furnace is respectively provided with a material input port, a hot gasification medium inlet, a gasification outlet and a slag discharge port, and the gasification outlet is sequentially connected with the plasma chamber, the combined type waste heat boiler, the synthetic gas purification device, the synthetic gas booster fan, the gas holder, the internal combustion generator set, the tail gas waste heat boiler and the smoke exhaust device;

the composite waste heat boiler is respectively provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet, a thermal gasification medium outlet, a hot steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a bottom ash discharge port, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the plasma chamber, the hot gasification medium outlet is connected with the thermal gasification medium inlet of the gasification furnace, the hot steam outlet is connected with the steam turbine generator unit, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the synthesis gas purification device;

the tail gas waste heat boiler is respectively provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet, a hot steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a bottom ash discharge port, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the internal combustion generator set, the hot steam outlet is connected with the steam turbine generator set, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with a smoke discharge device;

and the electric energy output ends of the internal combustion generator unit and the steam turbine generator unit are connected with a power grid through the electric power boosting device.

In the above system, the combined type waste heat boiler includes: the gasification device comprises an air blower, a gasification medium heater and a waste heat boiler, wherein the gasification medium heater and the waste heat boiler are sequentially connected, a pyrolysis gas inlet, a normal-temperature gasification medium inlet and a hot gasification medium outlet are respectively arranged on the gasification medium heater, the normal-temperature gasification medium inlet is connected with the air blower, and a hot steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a bottom ash discharge port are respectively arranged on the waste heat boiler.

In the combined type waste heat boiler, the air blower adopts a variable frequency fan. The frequency can be conveniently adjusted according to the requirement.

In the system, a cooling water jacket is arranged at the position of a material input port of the gasification furnace. Can play the role of cooling and protecting the material input port of the gasification furnace.

In the system, the synthesis gas booster fan adopts a variable frequency booster fan;

in the system, the bottom of the plasma chamber is provided with an ash discharge port.

In the system, the smoke exhaust device is composed of an induced draft fan and a chimney which are connected in sequence.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a continuous pyrolysis and gasification method, and the continuous pyrolysis and gasification system comprises the following steps:

heating a gasification furnace to 550-650 ℃ by auxiliary fuel in advance, allowing the pyrolyzed materials (such as garbage) to enter the gasification furnace reaching a preset temperature for reaction, and allowing the generated synthesis gas to enter a plasma chamber;

further decomposing the synthesis gas at 1100-1200 ℃ in the plasma chamber to remove impurities, and allowing the obtained high-temperature synthesis gas to enter a combined type waste heat boiler for heat exchange and temperature reduction and dust reduction;

after heat exchange and temperature reduction are carried out on the combined type waste heat boiler, the synthesis gas with the temperature of 180-220 ℃ enters a synthesis gas purification device for purification and temperature reduction;

clean synthesis gas with the temperature of 30-50 ℃ discharged from the synthesis gas purification device enters an internal combustion generator set to do work and generate power after being buffered and stabilized by a gas holder;

tail gas of the internal combustion generator set enters a tail gas waste heat boiler for heat energy utilization, and smoke in the tail gas waste heat boiler is discharged through a smoke discharging device;

the steam generated by the combined type waste heat boiler and the waste heat boiler is supplied to a steam turbine generator unit to generate electricity;

and electric energy generated by the steam turbine generator unit and the internal combustion generator unit is boosted by the electric power boosting device and then is transmitted to the power grid.

The method further comprises the following steps: and conveying the hot gasification medium heated by the combined type waste heat boiler at the temperature of 550-650 ℃ into the gasification furnace to heat the material.

The embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.

The invention provides a continuous pyrolysis gasification system, comprising: the system comprises a gasification furnace, a plasma chamber, a combined type waste heat boiler, a synthetic gas purification device, a tail gas waste heat boiler, an internal combustion generator set, a synthetic gas booster fan, a gas holder, a smoke exhaust device, a steam turbine generator set and an electric power boosting device. The system for the pyrolysis gasification treatment of the garbage comprises: gasification of a gasification furnace, high-temperature reforming of a plasma chamber, heat exchange of a combined type waste heat boiler, gas purification treatment, power generation of an internal combustion engine, utilization of waste heat of the waste heat boiler of tail gas of the internal combustion engine, power generation of a steam turbine and auxiliary processes of pressure stabilization of a gas holder, pressurization of a fan, air supply, electric power boosting and the like.

In the gasification step of the gasification furnace of the method, when ignition is carried out for the first time, auxiliary fuel is added into the gasification furnace, the plasma chamber is opened, heat provided by the auxiliary fuel and heat generated by high work of the plasma chamber are heated by a composite waste heat boiler to heat a gasification medium and bring the heat into the gasification furnace, the temperature in the gasification furnace is raised to a set temperature, then feeding is carried out, namely, the pyrolyzed garbage materials are fed, and the condition that the temperature fluctuation in the gasification furnace is controllable is maintained by feeding the garbage materials and the high-temperature gasification medium.

In the plasma chamber high-temperature reforming step of the method, impurities are eliminated by decomposition in the plasma chamber, specifically, the synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace is further subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis by the high temperature generated by the plasma operation, large particle components such as tar and the like are eliminated by decomposition, and partially molten solid particles are deposited in the plasma and discharged.

In the heat exchange step of the combined type waste heat boiler, energy is utilized through the combined type waste heat boiler, specifically, through a gas-gas heat exchange part of the combined type waste heat boiler, a gasification medium at room temperature is heated to about 600 ℃ through the high temperature of synthesis gas, the high temperature synthesis gas is reduced from about 900 ℃ to about 600 ℃, water is converted into steam through the gas-water heat exchange part of the combined type waste heat boiler to drive a steam turbine to generate electricity, and a small amount of fly ash deposited in the heat exchange process is discharged from the bottom of the combined type waste heat boiler.

The gas purification treatment step of the method is to comprehensively wash, remove acid, remove dust and cool the synthesis gas by the washing liquid of the synthesis gas purification device, and reduce the temperature of the synthesis gas to about 40 ℃ by removing water mist and the like, so that the synthesis gas becomes clean and usable synthesis gas.

The internal combustion engine power generation step of the method is to use clean synthesis gas as fuel to drive an internal combustion generator set to work and generate power, and the tail gas temperature of the synthesis gas after the synthesis gas works by the internal combustion generator set reaches about 500 ℃;

the waste heat utilization of the internal combustion engine tail gas waste heat boiler is characterized in that after the internal combustion generator set does work, the tail gas is subjected to heat exchange of the tail gas waste heat boiler to generate steam, the steam is supplied to a turbo generator set to work and generate power, and the temperature of the tail gas is reduced to about 120 ℃ after heat exchange and is discharged through a smoke exhaust device formed by an induced draft fan and a chimney;

in the method, the steam generated by the heat exchange of the combined type waste heat boiler and the waste heat utilization of the waste heat boiler of the tail gas of the internal combustion engine in the steam turbine power generation drives the steam turbine generator unit to work and generate power.

The specific continuous pyrolysis gasification process of the system comprises the following steps: the garbage materials are pyrolyzed and gasified in a high-temperature environment of 550-650 ℃ in a gasification furnace, coarse synthesis gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification has larger particles and more complex components enters a plasma chamber, the coarse synthesis gas is reformed in the high-temperature environment of 1100-1200 ℃ to realize macromolecular substance decomposition and is converted into fine particle synthesis gas, the high-temperature reformed high-temperature synthesis gas enters a combined type waste heat boiler, the high-temperature part of the combined type waste heat boiler heats a gasification medium required by the gasification furnace to about 600 ℃ through gas-gas heat exchange and then enters the gasification furnace, the gas-water heat exchange part of the combined type waste heat boiler generates steam for a steam turbine generator set to do work and generate power, after the heat exchange and the temperature reduction of the combined type waste heat boiler, the temperature of the high-temperature synthesis gas is reduced to about 200 ℃ from about 1000 ℃, the high-temperature synthesis gas enters a synthesis gas purification device for purification treatment, and the purified synthesis gas becomes usable clean low-, the temperature is about 40 ℃, the synthesis gas enters a gas holder after being pressurized by a synthesis gas booster fan, the synthesis gas is input into an internal combustion generator set to do work and generate power, the gas holder performs pressure buffering and pressure adjustment on the synthesis gas, so that the pressure of the system synthesis gas meets the requirement of the internal combustion generator set, the temperature of hot flue gas after the internal combustion generator set does work is about 500 ℃, the hot flue gas enters a tail gas waste heat boiler, water vapor generated by heat exchange enters a steam turbine generator set to do work and generate power, the temperature of the flue gas after the heat exchange is reduced to about 120 ℃, the flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard through a smoke exhaust device formed by an induced draft fan and a chimney, and the electric energy generated by the steam turbine generator set.

The system and the method of the invention at least have the following advantages:

utilize plasma chamber work to and the interior rubbish of gasifier provides the heat, and bring back the heat among the flue gas and get into the gasifier through combined type exhaust-heat boiler high temperature heat transfer, maintain in the gasifier and set for gasification temperature, guarantee that pyrolysis gasification is reliable and stable, heat recycle of tail gas is realized through tail gas heating gasification medium, improves system energy utilization.

Through the work of the plasma chamber, the synthesis gas is reformed at the high temperature of 1200 ℃, so that the preliminary cleaning and the particle refining of the synthesis gas are realized, partial fused ash particles are deposited, the synthesis gas is decomposed fully, the components are uniform, and the decomposition and the removal of macromolecular harmful substances such as tar, dioxin and the like are realized.

The synthesis gas purification device is arranged, processes such as comprehensive washing, demisting and the like are adopted, the purified synthesis gas is changed into the fuel gas which can be used by the internal combustion engine, and acidic substances, dust and partial heavy metals in the synthesis gas are removed.

The tail gas waste heat boiler is arranged to utilize the tail gas of the internal combustion generator set, the heat of the tail gas is recovered, and the generated steam drives the steam turbine generator set to generate electricity, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved, and the full utilization of the energy of the system is realized.

The air blower, the synthesis gas booster fan and the induced draft fan are arranged, so that the conveying of gasification media, the flowing of synthesis gas, the rising of the pressure of the synthesis gas and the exhaust function of a system are realized, and the pressure stability and the gas conveying of the system are met. Furthermore, each fan adopts a variable-frequency speed-regulating fan, so that the proper air supply quantity, the proper air flow and the proper system pressure can be adjusted more conveniently.

Through set up the gas holder between synthetic gas purifier and internal combustion generator set, carry out the steady voltage buffering, guaranteed the recent pressure stability of internal combustion generator set.

Through setting up electric power booster unit for the electric energy that internal combustion generator set and turbo generator set sent can better adapt to the electric wire netting needs.