阅读说明：本技术 一种火灾烟气成分定量检测装置 (Fire smoke composition quantitative detection device ) 是由 何宏舟 刘众擎 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种火灾烟气成分定量检测装置,涉及火灾分析技术领域。其包括：燃烧室,包括从左至右依次贯通的燃烧区、烟气层区和烟气检测区,燃烧区设有可打开或密闭的舱门。设置于燃烧区的称重系统,包括用于放置待测物的承托件以及与承托件连接的称重装置；与燃烧区连通的通风系统,用于为燃烧区提供新鲜空气。与烟气检测区相连通的烟气检测系统,用于检测烟气成分；排烟系统,其与烟气检测区的出口相连通。待检测的材料在燃烧区燃烧,通过通风系统准确控制通风量,燃烧室的多区域设置使得燃烧产生的烟气能够与新鲜空气有效分隔,且利用烟气层区和检测区加强烟气混合效果,与实际火灾场景更接近,准确反映待测物燃烧的烟气情况。(The invention provides a quantitative detection device for fire smoke components, and relates to the technical field of fire analysis. It includes: the combustion chamber comprises a combustion area, a smoke layer area and a smoke detection area which are sequentially communicated from left to right, and the combustion area is provided with an openable or closed cabin door. The weighing system is arranged in the combustion area and comprises a bearing part for placing an object to be measured and a weighing device connected with the bearing part; and a ventilation system in communication with the combustion zone for providing fresh air to the combustion zone. The smoke detection system is communicated with the smoke detection area and is used for detecting smoke components; and the smoke exhaust system is communicated with an outlet of the smoke detection area. Wait to detect the material of examining and burn at the combustion area, through the accurate control air volume of ventilation system, the multizone setting of combustion chamber makes the flue gas that the burning produced effectively separate with fresh air, and utilizes flue gas layer district and detection zone to strengthen flue gas mixing effect, is closer with actual conflagration scene, the accurate flue gas condition of reflecting the determinand burning.)

1. A fire smoke component quantitative detection device is characterized by comprising:

the combustion chamber comprises a combustion area, a smoke layer area and a smoke detection area which are sequentially communicated from left to right, and the combustion area is provided with an openable or closed cabin door;

the weighing system is arranged in the combustion area and comprises a bearing part for placing an object to be measured and a weighing device connected with the bearing part;

a ventilation system in communication with the combustion zone for providing fresh air to the combustion zone;

the smoke detection system is communicated with the smoke detection area and is used for detecting smoke components;

and the smoke exhaust system is communicated with an outlet of the smoke detection area.

2. A fire smoke component quantitative determination apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said combustion area comprises an upper combustion area and a lower combustion area arranged up and down, said smoke area is located at substantially the same height as said upper combustion area, and smoke generated by combustion of said substance to be measured enters said smoke area through said upper combustion area.

3. A quantitative detection device for smoke components in a fire disaster according to claim 2, wherein the lower combustion area comprises an air inlet area and an object placing area which are arranged in a front-back manner, the weighing system is arranged in the object placing area, the ventilation system is communicated with the air inlet area, and fresh air provided by the ventilation system enters the object placing area through the air inlet area.

4. A quantitative detection device for smoke components in a fire disaster according to claim 3, wherein a partition board is arranged at the joint of the air inlet area and the upper combustion area to prevent fresh air from entering the upper combustion area.

5. A quantitative fire smoke component detection device according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the smoke detection area is provided with an adjusting baffle for adjusting the size of the outlet.

6. A quantitative fire smoke component detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ventilation system comprises a plurality of ventilation tubes, the outlet end of each ventilation tube is communicated with said combustion zone, and the inlet end of each ventilation tube is provided with an openable and closable cover.

7. A quantitative detection device for smoke components in fire according to claim 6, wherein each ventilation pipe is provided with a wind speed detection device.

8. A quantitative detection device for smoke components in fire according to claim 6, wherein said plurality of ventilation tubes comprise at least two tube diameters.

9. A fire smoke component quantitative detection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said smoke zone region is located at substantially the same height as said smoke detection zone.

10. A quantitative detection device for smoke components in a fire disaster according to claim 1, wherein the area of the communication section of the smoke layer area and the smoke detection area is 1/3-2/3 of the section of the smoke layer area at the same position.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire analysis, in particular to a quantitative detection device for fire smoke components.

Background

In recent years, fire accidents frequently occur, and the fire accidents involve places with limited space, such as hotels, shops, dormitories and the like, which cause serious casualties and property loss. In a fire disaster, 70 percent of casualties are caused by toxic smoke, so that the accurate detection of the generation rule of toxic gas in the combustion process of indoor combustible materials such as wood boards, sofas and the like has important significance for the research of fire safety. For indoor fires, the combustion of combustibles is uncontrolled, and the fire progresses through a growth phase, a ventilation-restricted phase, and a decay phase. Since the air supply in a fire scenario is primarily controlled by the thermally buoyant turbulence created by the fuel burning flame, the amount of ventilation within the fire is constantly changing as the fire progresses. Meanwhile, researches find that the ventilation quantity directly influences the generation quantity of toxic gases in the fuel combustion process.

In a fire, the ventilation can be quantitatively evaluated by using the global equivalence ratio phi:

where Φ < 1 indicates fuel-lean combustion (good ventilation condition), and Φ > 1 indicates fuel-rich combustion (poor ventilation condition). Taking two main asphyxiating gases in fire, namely carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) as examples, the generation amount of the carbon monoxide and the Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) is obviously increased along with the increase of phi, so that the toxicity of fire smoke is greatly improved. Therefore, the precondition for accurately detecting the generation amount of toxic smoke generated by the combustion of combustible materials is to accurately control the combustion ventilation amount.

At present, the following two kinds of experimental devices are internationally used for combustible combustion characteristic analysis:

one of these is the Steady State Tube Furnace (SSTF, ISO TS 19700). In the SSTF experiment, an object to be measured is flatly laid in a quartz boat, the quartz boat is placed in a quartz tube of a tube furnace, the object to be measured slowly passes through a heating furnace, and fuel is combusted in an external high-temperature environment. Meanwhile, fresh air is introduced into the quartz tube, and the ventilation condition of material combustion is simulated by adjusting the air quantity. The device can accurately reflect the release characteristics of toxic gas of an object to be tested during combustion under different ventilation conditions, but has two defects: (1) in order to ensure the stability of the quality loss during fuel combustion, the size of the sample to be measured in the SSTF experiment needs to be very small. For thermoplastic materials, too small a sample size does not reflect the effect of phase change phenomena during combustion on toxic gas release. (2) The sample burns under external high temperature radiation, and in the actual fire scene, the material keeps the heat that the burning needs to come from the thermal radiation and the thermal convection of flame itself to, when the thermal feedback of flame to determinand is not enough, the determinand will not be able to keep burning, so SSTF experiment has great difference with the mode of combustion in the actual fire scene.

Another is the fire Standard test cell (ISO 9705), as shown in FIG. 1. The combustion characteristics and the heat release rate characteristics of the full-size material can be effectively detected through an oxygen consumption principle. The full-size fire standard test room is long (3.6 +/-0.05) m, high and wide (2.4 +/-0.05 m), and a door with the width of 0.8 +/-0.01 m and the height of 2.0 +/-0.01 m is arranged in the middle of the width direction. The object to be measured burns in the test room, because the ubiquitous flue gas layering phenomenon among the indoor conflagration, hot flue gas flows out by the top of door, and cold air flows in by the below of door. Although the test bed can accurately reflect the burning characteristics of materials in a real fire scene, the test bed still has two defects when detecting the toxicity of smoke gas: (1) the ventilation of the device freely flows into a room from the lower part of the door, the ventilation quantity is often calculated by an empirical formula, and the quantity of air flowing into the room cannot be accurately obtained. (2) After entering the combustion chamber, the fresh air needs to flow for a certain distance to reach the position of the fire source, and during the period, heat and mass exchange is formed at the junction of the smoke layer and the fresh cold air layer, so that the fresh air can easily cause secondary oxidation to combustion products of the object to be measured. Therefore, the generation rule of toxic gas products in the material combustion process cannot be effectively and quantitatively detected in a fire standard test room.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a quantitative detection device for fire smoke components, aiming at improving the problem that smoke components generated in the fire combustion process of materials cannot be accurately detected.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

a fire smoke component quantitative detection device comprises:

the combustion chamber comprises a combustion area, a smoke layer area and a smoke detection area which are sequentially communicated from left to right, and the combustion area is provided with an openable or closed cabin door;

the weighing system is arranged in the combustion area and comprises a bearing part for placing an object to be measured and a weighing device connected with the bearing part;

a ventilation system in communication with the combustion zone for providing fresh air to the combustion zone;

the smoke detection system is communicated with the smoke detection area and is used for detecting smoke components;

and the smoke exhaust system is communicated with an outlet of the smoke detection area.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combustion area includes an upper combustion area and a lower combustion area which are arranged up and down, the flue gas layer area and the upper combustion area are located at substantially the same height, and flue gas generated by combustion of the object to be tested enters the flue gas layer area through the upper combustion area.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower combustion area includes an air intake area and an object placing area which are arranged in a front-to-back manner, the weighing system is disposed in the object placing area, the ventilation system is communicated with the air intake area, and fresh air provided by the ventilation system enters the object placing area through the air intake area.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a partition is disposed at a connection between the air intake zone and the upper combustion zone to block fresh air from entering the upper combustion zone.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet of the smoke detection area is provided with an adjusting baffle for adjusting the size of the outlet.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation system comprises a plurality of ventilation pipes, an outlet end of each ventilation pipe is communicated with the combustion area, and an inlet end of each ventilation pipe is provided with an openable and closable cover.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the ventilation pipes is provided with a wind speed detection device.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of ventilation tubes comprise at least two tube diameters.

Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, the smoke detection zone is located at substantially the same height as the smoke detection zone.

Further, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the area of the communication section of the smoke layer area and the smoke detection area is 1/3-2/3 of the section of the smoke layer area at the same position.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the fire smoke component quantitative detection device obtained through the design, when the device is used, an object to be detected (namely a material to be detected) is combusted in the combustion area, smoke generated by combustion sequentially passes through the smoke layer area and the smoke detection area which are arranged side by side, so that contact and disturbance of the smoke and fresh air are avoided, further, combustion smoke products are prevented from being secondarily oxidized in a high-temperature environment, and the detection result is more accurate. Meanwhile, the ventilation quantity of the combustion area is controlled through the ventilation system, so that the release characteristics of smoke components of the object to be tested during combustion under different ventilation conditions can be conveniently researched. And the air volume of the object to be detected during combustion can be accurately measured, and the detection accuracy is further ensured.

The whole device for quantitatively detecting the components of the fire smoke can more truly reflect the release rule of toxic smoke in a fire scene, no external heat source is used in the combustion process, and the ventilation speed is controlled by thermal buoyancy turbulence during combustion and is closer to the fire scene. The detection device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in practicability and excellent in application prospect.

Further, through set up the baffle between intake zone and last combustion area, the fresh air that the assurance system provided can only get into and put the district, avoids fresh air to get into the flue gas layer because the effect of hot buoyancy, influences the testing result.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fire standard test room according to the background of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fire smoke component quantitative determination apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the combustion chamber of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the vent tube of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the combustion zone of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the quantitative detection device for smoke components of fire disaster in FIG. 2 from another view angle;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the adjustment damper in fig. 2.

Icon: 100-a fire smoke component quantitative detection device; 10-a combustion chamber; 101-a combustion zone; 101 a-an upper combustion zone; 101 b-a lower combustion zone; 101b 1-wind entry zone; 101b 2-position area; 102-flue gas layer zone; 103-a smoke detection zone; 104-a door; 105-a separator; 106-adjusting the baffle; 20-a ventilation system; 201-vent pipe; 202-sealing cover; 203-wind speed detection means; 30-a weighing system; 31-a support; 32-a weighing device; 40-a smoke detection system; 50-a smoke exhaust system; 501-wind collecting cover; 502-flue gas processor.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.