Axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor
阅读说明：本技术 轴向磁场反凸极永磁同步电机 (Axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor ) 是由 寇宝泉 赵晓坤 杨小宝 于 2019-09-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：轴向磁场反凸极永磁同步电机,涉及永磁同步电机领域。本发明是为了解决传统的永磁同步电机在运行于较宽的速度范围时,会增加逆变器的容量,降低驱动系统效率的问题。本发明所述的轴向磁场反凸极永磁同步电机,由两个定子、一个转子和两个气隙构成。每个定子由定子铁心和定子绕组构成；转子主要由基盘和磁极单元构成。本发明所述的轴向磁场反凸极永磁同步电机的恒功率弱磁调速范围宽、转子的结构强度高,电机的定位转矩小,效率、功率密度和可靠性高。本发明在电动车辆驱动系统、电主轴系统以及变速发电等领域具有良好的应用前景。(An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor relates to the field of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The invention aims to solve the problems that when a traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor operates in a wider speed range, the capacity of an inverter is increased, and the efficiency of a driving system is reduced. The invention relates to an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor which is composed of two stators, a rotor and two air gaps. Each stator consists of a stator core and a stator winding; the rotor is mainly composed of a base disc and a magnetic pole unit. The permanent magnet synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field and the reverse salient pole has the advantages of wide constant-power weak magnet speed regulation range, high structural strength of a rotor, small positioning torque of the motor, and high efficiency, power density and reliability. The invention has good application prospect in the fields of electric vehicle driving systems, electric main shaft systems, variable speed power generation and the like.)
1. An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding through holes are uniformly arranged on the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the embedding through holes of the 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number and k is a positive integer.
2. An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2n permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, n permanent magnet embedding grooves are uniformly arranged on each side surface of the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces are opposite to each other and are not communicated with each other, the 2n permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2n permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces of the magnetizer, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number, n is 2k +1, and k is a positive integer.
3. An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the rotor comprises a circular base disc, 2p grooves which are sunk towards the direction of an inner ring of the base disc are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the base disc, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each groove,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizer is in a ring sector shape, the magnetizer is uniformly provided with 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes along the circumferential direction of the magnetizer, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
the circles of the outer arcs of all the magnetizers are superposed with the outer circle of the base plate, the magnetizers and the base plate are of an integral structure, p is the pole pair number, and k is a positive integer.
4. The axial-field reversed-salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the stator comprises a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through grooves along the circumferential direction of the circular stator core, a tooth is arranged between every two adjacent radial through grooves, a winding coil is wound on every other tooth, each radial through groove is provided with an effective edge of the winding coil, all the winding coils jointly form an integer-slot winding or a fractional-slot winding,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
5. The axial-field, reverse-salient pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the stator comprises a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through slots along the circumferential direction of the circular stator core, each tooth is wound with a winding coil, each radial through slot is provided with two effective sides of the winding coil, all the winding coils together form a set of fractional-slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
6. An axial field anti-salient pole permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stator comprises a circular stator core, a plurality of winding coils are arranged on one side surface of the stator core, two adjacent winding coils are not in contact with each other, an effective edge of each winding coil corresponds to a radial through slot on one side surface of the stator core, all the winding coils together form a set of fractional slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
7. The axial-field, reverse-salient pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stator comprises a circular stator core, a plurality of winding coils are provided on one side surface of the stator core, two adjacent winding coils are in contact with each other, an effective edge of the two winding coils in contact with each other corresponds to a radial through slot on one side surface of the stator core, all the winding coils together form a set of integer slot windings or fractional slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
8. The axial field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 3, wherein the stator comprises two sets of stator windings, the stator windings being integer slot windings or fractional slot windings, the two sets of stator windings being respectively located on both sides of the rotor,
each group of stator windings comprises a plurality of winding coils which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor, the shaft of each winding coil is parallel to the shaft of the rotor, and the effective edges of two adjacent winding coils are mutually separated or mutually contacted.
9. The axial field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the base material of the rotor is a non-magnetic material.
10. The axial-magnetic-field reverse-salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base plates of the rotor are made of magnetic materials, the magnetic pole units and the base plates are of an integrated structure, and the axial thickness of the magnetic pole units is larger than that of the base plates.
11. The axial-field, reverse-salient permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the remanence or coercivity of the permanent magnet located at the center in the pole unit is highest, and the remanence or coercivity of the permanent magnets on both sides thereof is gradually reduced.
12. The axial-field, reverse-salient pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the thickness of the permanent magnet magnetization direction and the width in the circumferential direction in the magnetic pole unit located at the center are largest, and the thickness of the permanent magnet magnetization direction and the width in the circumferential direction on both sides thereof are gradually reduced.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motors, and particularly relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Background
The axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor is also called a disc type permanent magnet motor, and has gained more and more attention due to the advantages of compact structure, high efficiency, high power density and the like. The axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor is particularly suitable for occasions requiring high torque density and compact space, such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, flywheel energy storage systems, industrial equipment and the like.
The axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor has various structures, and can be divided into four types according to the number of the stators and the rotors and the relative positions of the stators and the rotors: single stator rotor structure, double stator middle rotor structure, double rotor middle stator structure and multi-disc structure.
The conventional axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor with a double-stator middle rotor structure is of a double-air-gap structure formed by sandwiching two stator discs and one rotor disc, as shown in fig. 13. The magnetic flux enters the stator from the N pole of the permanent magnet through the air gap, passes through the air gap after passing through a pole pitch along the circumferential direction of the yoke part of the stator, enters the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet, and returns to the starting magnetic pole through a symmetrical path to form a closed magnetic circuit. The main magnetic flux directly passes through the permanent magnet along the axial direction, no circumferential path exists on the rotor, and the rotor part does not need to use ferromagnetic materials, so that the rotor is light in weight, and the motor has smaller rotational inertia. However, the motor with the structure has the defects of difficult regulation of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, small constant-power speed regulation range and the like.
For a permanent magnet synchronous motor, when the terminal voltage and the current of the motor reach the maximum values, the current is all direct-axis current components, and the influence of stator resistance is ignored, the ideal maximum rotating speed n when the motor adopts a common weak magnetic control strategy can be obtainedmax：
Electromagnetic torque T of motoreComprises the following steps:
Te＝p[ψfiq+(Ld-Lq)idiq] (2)
in the above formula, ulimIs a limit voltage, ilimIs limiting current, p is polar logarithm,. psifIs a permanent magnet flux linkage idAnd iqAre respectively cross-linked,Direct axis current, LdAnd LqRespectively an alternating-axis inductor and a direct-axis inductor.
In the torque expression (2), the right item 1 is a permanent magnet torque generated by the action of a permanent magnet and q-axis current; term 2 is the reluctance torque generated by the saliency effect. For the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor, L is adoptedd＜LqTherefore, the reluctance torque and the permanent magnet torque are superimposed by the negative d-axis current to become a part of the output torque. The d-axis armature reaction flux due to the negative d-axis current is opposite in polarity to the permanent magnet, and irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet may occur if attention is not paid.
In recent years, with the improvement of the performance of permanent magnet materials, rare earth permanent magnets with high coercive force and linear demagnetization curves are widely applied to the field of motors, so that the flux weakening control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor becomes possible, the speed regulation range of the motor is widened, and the efficiency of a speed regulation system is improved.
From equation (1), it can be seen that the main methods for increasing the maximum rotation speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are:
(1) reducing flux linkage psif(ii) a (2) Increase ilim(ii) a (3) Increase Ld(ii) a (4) Increasing the limit voltage u of the motorlim(ii) a (5) A combination of the first four approaches was used.
If the limit voltage u of the motor is increasedlimAnd a limiting current ilimThe capacity of the inverter needs to be increased, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost of the system, which is generally undesirable. When the limit voltage and the limit current of the motor are fixed, the ideal maximum rotating speed of the motor mainly depends on the no-load permanent magnet flux linkage and the direct-axis synchronous inductance of the motor, and is not related to the quadrature-axis synchronous inductance.
As can be seen from equation (1), psifThe smaller the motor, the wider the field weakening speed regulation range is, but psifThe smaller the electromagnetic torque T, as can be seen from equation (2)eThe smaller will be. Therefore, the PMSM may not perform well unless the reluctance torque increases. The improvement of the saliency is very important to increase the torque. Considering LqIt is generally required to reduce L due to the limitation of magnetic saturation of the coredTo increaseAn electromagnetic torque. However, psi of the conventional permanent magnet synchronous motorfLarge, and LdIs smaller and therefore must be increased by a large amount by increasing IdTo operate the motor over a wide speed range, which increases the capacity of the inverter and reduces the efficiency of the drive system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor with three structures, aiming at solving the problems that the capacity of an inverter can be increased and the efficiency of a driving system is reduced when the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor operates in a wider speed range.
An axial-field reverse-salient permanent-magnet synchronous motor of a first structure includes: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding through holes are uniformly arranged on the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the embedding through holes of the 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number and k is a positive integer.
An axial-magnetic-field reverse-salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motor of a second structure includes: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2n permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, n permanent magnet embedding grooves are uniformly arranged on each side surface of the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces are opposite to each other and are not communicated with each other, the 2n permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2n permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces of the magnetizer, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number, n is 2k +1, and k is a positive integer.
An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor of a third structure comprises: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base disc, 2p grooves which are sunk towards the direction of an inner ring of the base disc are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the base disc, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each groove,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizer is in a ring sector shape, the magnetizer is uniformly provided with 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes along the circumferential direction of the magnetizer, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
the circles of the outer arcs of all the magnetizers are superposed with the outer circle of the base plate, the magnetizers and the base plate are of an integral structure, p is the pole pair number, and k is a positive integer.
The stators of the motors with the three structures comprise annular stator cores, one side surface of each stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through grooves along the circumferential direction of the ring, a tooth is arranged between every two adjacent radial through grooves, a winding coil is wound on every other tooth, an effective edge of one winding coil is arranged in each radial through groove, and all the winding coils jointly form a set of integer-slot windings or fractional-slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
The stators of the motors with the three structures comprise annular stator cores, one side surface of each stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through grooves along the circumferential direction of the ring, each tooth is wound with a winding coil, the effective edges of two winding coils are arranged in each radial through groove, all the winding coils jointly form a set of fractional-groove windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
In the first or second structure motor, the stator comprises a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is provided with a plurality of winding coils, two adjacent winding coils are not contacted with each other, the effective edge of each winding coil corresponds to a radial through groove on one side surface of the stator core, all the winding coils jointly form a set of fractional-slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
In the first or second structure motor, the stator comprises a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is provided with a plurality of winding coils, two adjacent winding coils are mutually contacted, the effective edges of the two mutually contacted winding coils correspond to a radial through groove on one side surface of the stator core, all the winding coils jointly form a set of integer slot winding or fractional slot winding,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
In the third structural motor, the stator comprises two groups of stator windings, the stator windings are integer slot windings or fractional slot windings, the two groups of stator windings are respectively positioned at two sides of the rotor,
each group of stator windings comprises a plurality of winding coils which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor, the shaft of each winding coil is parallel to the shaft of the rotor, and the effective edges of two adjacent winding coils are mutually separated or mutually contacted.
The base disc materials of the motor rotors with the three structures are all non-magnetic materials.
In the first or second structure motor, the base disc material of the rotor is magnetic material, the magnetic pole unit and the base disc are of an integrated structure, and the axial thickness of the magnetic pole unit is larger than that of the base disc.
The residual magnetism or coercive force of the permanent magnet positioned at the middle of the magnetic pole units of the motor with the three structures is highest, and the residual magnetism or coercive force of the permanent magnets at the two sides of the magnetic pole units of the motor with the three structures is gradually reduced.
The thickness of the permanent magnet in the middle of the magnetic pole unit of the motor with the three structures and the width of the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction are the largest, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the magnetization direction and the width of the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction on two sides of the magnetic pole unit of the motor with the three structures are gradually reduced.
The invention relates to an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor suitable for weak magnetic speed regulation. Each stator consists of a stator core and a stator winding; the rotor is mainly composed of a base disc and a magnetic pole unit. The permanent magnet synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field and the reverse salient pole has the advantages of wide constant-power weak magnet speed regulation range, high structural strength of a rotor, small positioning torque of the motor, and high efficiency, power density and reliability. The invention has good application prospect in the fields of electric vehicle driving systems, electric main shaft systems, variable speed power generation and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor in a fourth embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the stator structure of fig. 1, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a plan view;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor in the fifth embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the stator structure of fig. 3, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a plan view;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rotor according to embodiments one and two, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a plan view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the rotor base plate of FIG. 5, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a plan view;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic pole unit;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a magnetizer according to a second embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a magnetizer according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a permanent magnet;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a rotor according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of the rotor base plate of FIG. 11;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional interrotor axial magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor in the background art.
Detailed Description
- 上一篇：一种医用注射器针头装配设备
- 下一篇：自动变矩式永磁无刷电机