阅读说明：本技术 一种高效复合灭火剂及其制备方法 (Efficient composite fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof ) 是由 韩亚军 黄志翔 张兰兰 马伟伟 黄彩 刘贤林 于 2019-09-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高效复合灭火剂及其制备方法,涉及消防技术领域,该灭火剂包括按重量份计算的七氟丙烷28～36份、1,1,2,2,3,3,4-七氟环戊烷40～48份、液氮4～8份、碳酸氢铵6～12份、碳酸钙1～5份、硫酸钾1～3份、滑石粉2～6份、硅藻土1～5份。本发明的有益效果是结合了几种物理、化学灭火剂的灭火优点,提高了灭火效率,且具有低腐蚀性,大气存活时间和温室效应潜值较低。(The invention discloses a high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fire fighting, wherein the fire extinguishing agent comprises, by weight, 28-36 parts of heptafluoropropane, 40-48 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 4-8 parts of liquid nitrogen, 6-12 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-6 parts of talcum powder and 1-5 parts of diatomite. The invention has the advantages of combining the fire extinguishing advantages of several physical and chemical fire extinguishing agents, improving the fire extinguishing efficiency, having low corrosivity and low atmospheric survival time and greenhouse effect potential.)

1. An efficient composite fire extinguishing agent is characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 28-36 parts of heptafluoropropane, 40-48 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 4-8 parts of liquid nitrogen, 6-12 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-6 parts of talcum powder and 1-5 parts of diatomite.

2. The high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-34 parts of heptafluoropropane, 42-46 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 5-7 parts of liquid nitrogen, 8-10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 2-4 parts of calcium carbonate, 1.5-2.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of talcum powder and 2-4 parts of diatomite.

3. The high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of heptafluoropropane, 44 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 6 parts of liquid nitrogen, 9 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of talcum powder and 3 parts of diatomite.

4. The high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the ammonium bicarbonate is 3-5 mu m.

5. The high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the calcium carbonate is 0.3-0.6 mm.

6. The high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the potassium sulfate is 0.1-0.5 mm.

7. The high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the talcum powder is 0.3-0.5 mm.

8. The high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the diatomite is 0.3-0.5 mm.

9. The preparation method of the high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) taking 28-36 parts of heptafluoropropane, 40-48 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 4-8 parts of liquid nitrogen, 6-12 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-6 parts of talcum powder and 1-5 parts of diatomite according to the following mass parts;

(2) respectively grinding ammonium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium sulfate, talcum powder and diatomite in the step (1) into fine powder, and sieving;

(3) uniformly mixing the talcum powder, the diatomite and the calcium carbonate in the step (2); uniformly mixing the ammonium bicarbonate and the potassium sulfate in the step (2); uniformly mixing the two mixtures to obtain a powder mixture;

(4) adding the powder mixture obtained in the step (3) into 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

(5) filling the mixed liquid obtained in the step (4) into a steel cylinder; then filling liquid nitrogen into the steel cylinder; and finally, filling the heptafluoropropane into the steel cylinder.

10. The preparation method of the high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 9, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), grinding the ammonium bicarbonate into particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm; grinding calcium carbonate into particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm; grinding potassium sulfate into particles with the particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm; grinding the talcum powder and the diatomite into particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to an efficient compound fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background

"Halon" fire extinguishing agents (such as Halon1301 and Halon1211) have been dominant in the market of fire extinguishing media due to their excellent properties of low toxicity, high fire extinguishing efficiency, non-conductivity, etc. However, since the eighties of the last century, scientists studying the environment have gradually found that "halon" extinguishing media have a severe damaging effect on the atmospheric ozone layer, and united nations have imposed severe restrictions on their production and use through a series of treaties. As a big influential country, China completely eliminates the use of Halon1211 in the civil field in 2005 and completely eliminates the use of Halon1301 in the civil field in 2010.

Among the gas fire extinguishing agents currently used in the market, the occupancy of Hydrofluoroalkane (HFCs) fire extinguishing systems is the highest, accounting for about 70% of the market share, the occupancy of inert gases accounting for about 20% of the market share of the gas fire extinguishing agents, and the occupancy of other gas fire extinguishing agents accounting for about 10% of the market share.

In 2001, the ministry of public security in China issued a notification on further strengthening of Halon substitutes and their replacement technology management, which clearly stipulates: hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrobromofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and pentafluoroethane gas fire extinguishing agents are prohibited from being used as halon replacements, but other hydrofluorocarbon type fire extinguishing agents may be used, such as trifluoromethane, hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), and heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), and the like. Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) is the most widely used halogenated alkane halon₃CHFCF₃(ii) a The fire extinguishing is realized mainly through chemical action (degeneration of the concentration of active free radicals in flame) and physical action (cooling, suffocation and oxygen isolation); the concentration of the fire extinguishing design is 7 percent, which is basically equivalent to that of the 'halon' 1301, and the equipment and pipeline configuration of the fire extinguishing system is almost completely the same as that of the 'halon' 1301, so that the 'halon' extinguishing agent is conveniently replaced. However, the heptafluoropropane molecule contains many fluorine atoms, so that a large amount of HF can be generated by decomposition in the fire extinguishing process, and the HF has corrosivity and toxicity and is easy to cause environmental pollution; meanwhile, the biggest defect is that the survival life of the atmosphere is long at 31 years, which causes high potential value of greenhouse effect (GWP 3300), and has great influence on greenhouse effect and global warming. Therefore, as environmental problems become more severe, how to remove or reduce HF generated by heptafluoropropane during fire extinguishing and reduce greenhouse effect caused by heptafluoropropane is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.

Although the inert gas fire extinguishing medium is used as natural gas, the fire extinguishing process is clean and pollution-free, the release performance is good, the inert gas achieves the purpose of fire extinguishing mainly by cooling and diluting the oxygen concentration, and the fire extinguishing concentration is as high as 30-50%, so the storage of the inert gas medium occupies a large volume, and the application range of the inert gas fire extinguishing agent is limited.

Therefore, the development of an efficient, low-toxicity and environment-friendly fire extinguishing medium is an important subject and a major challenge to be solved urgently in the field of fire fighting of all countries in the world.

Chinese patent CN105920772A discloses a mixed fire extinguishing agent, which comprises 2-10% of superfine dry powder or D-type dry powder fire extinguishing agent, 50-85% of liquid heptafluoropropane and 15-45% of dry ice. The patent integrates the physical and chemical fire extinguishing advantages of 2 fire extinguishing agents of heptafluoropropane and dry ice, but the patent does not solve the problem that the heptafluoropropane can generate HF in the fire extinguishing process; and the dry ice is adopted and vaporized into carbon dioxide, so that the greenhouse effect is generated; carbon dioxide is a medium-toxicity substance, and when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air reaches 2%, people feel unpleasant; when the concentration reaches 7-9%, dyspnea, vomiting, numbness in feeling and confusion can be caused; at concentrations of up to 10%, a person staying in this environment for one minute will lose consciousness and therefore present a certain risk in use.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art: provides a high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing efficiency and low corrosivity and a preparation method thereof.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows:

an efficient composite fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 28-36 parts of heptafluoropropane, 40-48 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 4-8 parts of liquid nitrogen, 6-12 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-6 parts of talcum powder and 1-5 parts of diatomite.

Further, the fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-34 parts of heptafluoropropane, 42-46 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 5-7 parts of liquid nitrogen, 8-10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 2-4 parts of calcium carbonate, 1.5-2.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of talcum powder and 2-4 parts of diatomite.

Further, the fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of heptafluoropropane, 44 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 6 parts of liquid nitrogen, 9 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of talcum powder and 3 parts of diatomite.

Further, the particle size of the ammonium bicarbonate is 3-5 μm.

Furthermore, the particle size of the calcium carbonate is 0.3-0.6 mm.

Further, the particle size of the potassium sulfate is 0.1-0.5 mm.

Furthermore, the particle size of the talcum powder is 0.3-0.5 mm.

Further, the particle size of the diatomite is 0.3-0.5 mm.

A preparation method of a high-efficiency composite fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:

(1) taking 28-36 parts of heptafluoropropane, 40-48 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, 4-8 parts of liquid nitrogen, 6-12 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-6 parts of talcum powder and 1-5 parts of diatomite according to the following mass parts;

(2) respectively grinding ammonium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium sulfate, talcum powder and diatomite in the step (1) into fine powder, and sieving;

(3) uniformly mixing the talcum powder, the diatomite and the calcium carbonate in the step (2); uniformly mixing the ammonium bicarbonate and the potassium sulfate in the step (2); uniformly mixing the two mixtures to obtain a powder mixture;

(4) adding the powder mixture obtained in the step (3) into 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

(5) filling the mixed liquid obtained in the step (4) into a steel cylinder; then filling liquid nitrogen into the steel cylinder; and finally, filling the heptafluoropropane into the steel cylinder.

Further, in the step (2), grinding the ammonium bicarbonate into particles with the particle size of 3-5 μm; grinding calcium carbonate into particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm; grinding potassium sulfate into particles with the particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm; grinding the talcum powder and the diatomite into particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm.

The invention compounds a plurality of fire extinguishing agent components such as heptafluoropropane, 1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, liquid nitrogen, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, talcum powder, diatomite and the like, integrates the advantages of a plurality of fire extinguishing agent components, not only improves the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent, but also neutralizes the defects of each component.

First, although heptafluoropropane has a good fire extinguishing effect, HF generated in the fire extinguishing process is corrosive. According to the invention, the ammonium bicarbonate is added to absorb HF generated by heptafluoropropane in the fire extinguishing process, the ammonium bicarbonate absorbs heat in combustion flame to decompose ammonia, and the ammonia decomposed by the ammonium bicarbonate reacts with the HF to reduce the HF generated in the fire extinguishing process; further, HF is absorbed by talc, diatomaceous earth, or the like; finally, the heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent compound comprises a plurality of fire extinguishing agent components such as heptafluoropropane, 1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, liquid nitrogen, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium sulfate, talcum powder, diatomite and the like, so that the consumption of the heptafluoropropane is reduced on the premise of not reducing the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing agent, and the source of HF is reduced; therefore, the invention reduces HF in the fire extinguishing process by the modes, reduces the corrosivity of the fire extinguishing agent, and reduces the harm to human bodies and the environment.

Secondly, the fire extinguishing performance of the 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane is equivalent to that of heptafluoropropane, but the atmospheric survival time and the greenhouse effect potential of the 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane are much smaller than those of heptafluoropropane, so that the problem of overhigh greenhouse effect potential of the heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent is effectively solved by compounding the 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane and the heptafluoropropane on the premise of not reducing the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing agent. In addition, 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane has a high boiling point (82.5 ℃) and is liquid at normal temperature, resulting in poor fluidity, while heptafluoropropane is gaseous at normal temperature, so that the problem of poor fluidity of 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane is solved by compounding 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane with heptafluoropropane.

Thirdly, the ammonium bicarbonate absorbs heat to decompose ammonia, water and carbon dioxide, the decomposed free ammonia can react with OH free radicals generated in flame combustion reaction, the free radicals generated in the combustion reaction are reduced and terminated, and the combustion reaction rate is reduced, so that the fire extinguishing effect is achieved, the particle size of the ammonium bicarbonate is 3-5 mu m, and compared with a fire extinguishing agent with a conventional particle size, the fire extinguishing efficiency is greatly improved; the ammonia from the endothermic decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate can react with the HF produced by heptafluoropropane to reduce the HF produced by the extinguishing process. In addition, the problem of easy reburning exists when the single ammonium bicarbonate dry powder extinguishing agent is used for extinguishing fire, but the invention prepares the new extinguishing agent by compounding the ammonium bicarbonate with a plurality of components such as heptafluoropropane, 1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, liquid nitrogen and the like, thereby solving the problem of the ammonium bicarbonate dry powder extinguishing agent of reburning fire. The dry powder extinguishing agent in the prior art generally adopts carbon dioxide as driving gas, but the carbon dioxide can generate greenhouse effect, and the invention adopts heptafluoropropane as the driving gas, so that the generation of the greenhouse effect is reduced.

Finally, the talcum powder and the diatomite can be used for adsorbing HF generated by heptafluoropropane; the water content of the fire extinguishing agent is stable, the fire extinguishing agent has higher moisture-proof and anti-caking performance, and the anti-afterburning performance of the fire extinguishing agent is improved; in addition, the talcum powder and the diatomite are inert materials, and the talcum powder and the diatomite are sprayed on the surface of a combustion object along with driving gas, so that the air isolation is facilitated, and the fire extinguishing effect is achieved; particularly, the ammonium bicarbonate can generate water by thermal decomposition, and the generated water can form a molten adhesive by bonding talcum powder, diatomite, potassium sulfate, calcium carbonate and the like together and can be attached to the surface of a combustion object without falling off; after the water is evaporated, the molten adhesive forms a solid shell to isolate the comburent from air, so that the flame is choked and the combustion is prevented, thereby having the function of enhancing fire extinguishing. The talcum powder and the diatomite with the particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm have better adsorption effect and improve the fire extinguishing effect. Meanwhile, the fire extinguishing effect of the ammonium bicarbonate is improved by adding the potassium sulfate. The calcium carbonate with the grain size of 0.3-0.6 mm and the potassium sulfate with the grain size of 0.1-0.5 mm are adopted, so that the better fire extinguishing effect is achieved.

Therefore, the invention integrates the physical and chemical fire extinguishing advantages of several fire extinguishing agents such as heptafluoropropane, 1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, liquid nitrogen, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, talcum powder and diatomite, integrates the physical and chemical fire extinguishing principles, improves the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent and improves the defect of a single fire extinguishing agent.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. compared with heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent has greatly reduced corrosion and less harm to human body and environment.

2. The invention compounds a plurality of fire extinguishing agent components such as heptafluoropropane, 1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane, liquid nitrogen, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium sulfate, talcum powder, diatomite and the like, integrates the advantages of a plurality of fire extinguishing agent components, and neutralizes the defects of the plurality of fire extinguishing agent components, thereby effectively improving the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing agent with the fire extinguishing agent in the prior art, and the invention has the advantages of high fire extinguishing efficiency, high speed, low fire extinguishing concentration and easy removal.

3. Compared with the ammonium bicarbonate dry powder extinguishing agent, the extinguishing agent is not easy to reburn when used for extinguishing fire.

4. Compared with the 1,1,2,2,3,3, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane extinguishing agent, the extinguishing agent disclosed by the invention is better in flowability.

5. The talcum powder and the diatomite have an adsorption effect, and are inert solids, so that the talcum powder and the diatomite are sprayed on a combustion object to be beneficial to isolating air and playing a fire extinguishing role.

6. The invention adopts liquid nitrogen, on one hand, the liquid nitrogen is more convenient to transport and store than nitrogen because the volume of the liquid nitrogen is smaller than that of the nitrogen; on the other hand, when liquid nitrogen is vaporized into nitrogen gas, it absorbs a large amount of heat, contributing to lowering the temperature of the combustion products.

7. The components selected by the invention are all nontoxic or low-toxicity substances, basically have no pollution to human bodies and fire extinguishing sites, and are environment-friendly.

8. The fire extinguishing agent of the invention has no destructive effect on ozone, and has lower atmospheric survival time and greenhouse effect potential.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

The materials and equipment used in the following examples were obtained from published commercial sources unless otherwise specified. The methods used in the examples which follow are, unless otherwise indicated, conventional in the art.