阅读说明：本技术 一种磨粒有序排布钎焊金刚石磨头脉冲激光整形装置及整形方法 (Pulse laser shaping device and method for brazed diamond grinding head with orderly-arranged abrasive particles ) 是由 张全利 张振 何静远 苏宏华 傅玉灿 徐九华 杨长勇 于 2019-09-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种磨粒有序排布钎焊金刚石磨头脉冲激光整形装置及整形方法,通过直线轴粗调和精调激光振镜和金刚石磨头之间x方向的相对位置,直线轴y<Sub>2</Sub>精调二者y方向的相对位置,垂直直线轴粗调和精调激光焦点位置。金刚石磨头固定在旋转轴控制转动；设定激光工艺参数、激光扫描路径,扫描路径角度使激光扫描方向与金刚石磨头母线相平行；打开旋转轴,控制磨头旋转,激光束沿扫描路径往复扫描,当金刚石磨头整形至磨粒等高性及圆跳动满足要求后,先后关闭激光束和旋转系统。本发明脉冲激光整形可通过扫描振镜对扫描路径和进给量进行控制,定位精度较高,可实现金刚石磨头精密整形,轴线两侧母线较高的平行度及均匀的磨粒等高性。(The invention relates to a pulse laser shaping device and a shaping method for a brazed diamond grinding head with orderly arranged abrasive particles 2 The relative position of the two in the y direction is finely adjusted, and the position of the laser focus is roughly and finely adjusted by being vertical to a linear axis. The diamond grinding head is fixed on the rotating shaft to control rotation; setting laser process parameters and a laser scanning path, wherein the scanning path angle enables the laser scanning direction to be parallel to a bus of the diamond grinding head; and opening the rotating shaft, controlling the grinding head to rotate, scanning the laser beam in a reciprocating manner along a scanning path, and closing the laser beam and the rotating system after the diamond grinding head is shaped to meet the requirements of abrasive particle contour and circular run-out. The pulse laser shaping device can control the scanning path and the feeding amount through the scanning galvanometer, has higher positioning precision, can realize the precise shaping of the diamond grinding head, and has nuts at two sides of the axisHigher parallelism of the lines and uniform contour of the abrasive particles.)

1. The utility model provides a diamond bistrique pulse laser shaping device that brazes that grit is arranged in order which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a laser processing system, a micro-displacement platform system and a detection system;

the laser processing system comprises a laser, an optical fiber, a laser galvanometer, an industrial personal computer and a vertical linear axis z₁Horizontal linear axis y 1; the laser galvanometer is fixed on the horizontal linear axis y₁Through a vertical linear axis z₁And a horizontal linear axis y₁Controlling the movement thereof; the scanning galvanometer can rotate around an x axis;

the micro-displacement platform system comprises a three-dimensional linear axis x₂、y₂、z₂And a rotation axis B; the axis of rotation B being fixed at z₂On the shaft; the diamond grinding head is fixed on the rotating shaft B to control the rotation of the rotating shaft B;

the detection system comprises an optical CCD microscope and a laser displacement sensor.

2. The pulse laser shaping device for the brazed diamond grinding head with the orderly-arranged abrasive particles according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive particles of the brazed diamond grinding head with the orderly-arranged abrasive particles are diamond and CBN super-hard abrasive materials, and the abrasive particles are fixed on a grinding head base body by means of a bonding agent material.

3. The method for shaping the brazed diamond grinding head pulse laser with the orderly-arranged abrasive particles based on the device for shaping the brazed diamond grinding head pulse laser with the orderly-arranged abrasive particles according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

opening a laser processing system and a micro-displacement motion system, and mounting a diamond grinding head on a rotating shaft B of a micro-displacement platform to ensure that the circular runout of the grinding head is within 5 microns; through a vertical linear axis z₁And a horizontal linear axis y₁Roughly adjusting the position between the laser beam and the diamond grinding head;

step two, passing through a vertical linear axis z₁And the micro-displacement platform accurately adjusts the position of the laser focus until the defocusing amount is 0 to ensure that the laser energy is maximum; adjusting the laser beam to be tangent to the outer edge of the diamond grinding head through a micro-displacement platform;

setting laser process parameters through industrial personal computer laser control software, setting a laser scanning path through the industrial personal computer software, and adjusting the angle of the scanning path to enable the laser scanning direction to be parallel to a diamond grinding head bus, so as to ensure that the parallelism error is within 5 microns;

opening a rotating shaft control system to keep the small grinding head to stably rotate at a specific rotating speed, opening a laser control button to enable a laser beam to scan in a reciprocating mode along a scanning path, adjusting the distance between the laser scanning path and a grinding head bus through laser control software to perform grinding head tangential shaping, wherein the laser feeding amount is 5-50 mu m/time;

and step five, after the diamond grinding head is shaped to meet the requirements of abrasive particle contour and circular run-out, closing the laser beam and the rotating system successively.

4. The pulse laser shaping method of the brazed diamond grinding head with the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the laser process parameters comprise: laser pulse width, laser power, laser frequency, laser scanning speed, and scanning times.

5. The pulse laser shaping method of the brazed diamond grinding head with the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles according to claim 3, wherein the pulse width is 1-120ns, the laser power is 0-50W, the laser repetition frequency is 1-750kHz, the laser scanning speed is 0-2000mm/s, and the scanning times are self-determined.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a novel pulse laser shaping device and a shaping method for a diamond brazing grinding wheel with orderly-arranged abrasive particles, in particular to a pulse laser precision shaping device and a pulse laser precision shaping method.

Background

Ceramic matrix composite materials, carbon fiber composite materials and the like are widely applied in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, new energy and the like due to the excellent characteristics of high temperature resistance, wear resistance, light weight, oxidation resistance, thermal shock resistance and the like. Because the materials have the characteristics of anisotropic mechanical property and low interlayer strength, the defects of burrs, fiber extraction, tearing, layering and the like are easy to occur in the drilling process. Wherein, the lamination defect not only can reduce the assembly quality of the assembly parts, but also can influence the service life of the parts, thereby causing the scrapping of a large number of CFRP composite material parts.

The tool for brazing the diamond abrasive particles can realize high quality and high efficiency processing of the composite material by adopting a mode of 'replacing cutting with grinding', the tool is not easy to wear, and the service life is long. However, the abrasive grain height after the diamond grinding head or the trepanning drill is brazed is poor, and the grinding or drilling quality is difficult to ensure. Therefore, dressing of the brazed diamond to improve the contour of the abrasive grains and the dimensional accuracy of the grinding head is urgently required.

At present, mechanical finishing methods such as mild steel finishing, oilstone finishing, disc wheel finishing and the like are mainly adopted for finishing the brazed diamond grinding head with orderly arranged abrasive particles, and the problems of quick abrasion of a finishing tool, easy breakage of diamond abrasive particles and low finishing quality and efficiency exist. The pulse laser trimming technology is applied to the aspect of shaping of the diamond grinding wheel to a certain extent due to the characteristics of simple device, non-contact property, small damage and the like, has the advantages of high trimming efficiency, good economic benefit and the like, and can realize the precise trimming of the brazed ultrahard abrasive grinding wheel. However, the pulse laser trimming technology mainly focuses on the aspect of a multi-layer superhard abrasive grinding wheel with randomly arranged abrasive particles, and is not applied to the trimming aspect of a single-layer brazed diamond grinding head with orderly arranged abrasive particles. Moreover, due to the characteristics of the single-layer grinding material of the brazed diamond grinding head, abrasive grain materials need to be removed precisely in the trimming process, and the buses on the two sides of the axis of the grinding head are required to have higher parallelism after shaping, so that the conical grinding head is avoided.

Disclosure of Invention

The problems that a finishing tool is fast in abrasion, low in finishing efficiency and poor in finishing quality, busbars on two sides of an axis of a grinding head are poor in parallelism and the like after pulse laser shaping exist in the conventional finishing technology of the brazed diamond grinding head with the ordered arrangement of abrasive particles are solved. The invention aims to provide a pulse laser shaping device and a process method for a brazed diamond grinding head with orderly arranged abrasive particles, so as to improve the dressing efficiency and the dressing quality of the grinding head and improve the grinding stability and the grinding repeatability.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a kind of grit arranges the braze welding diamond grinding wheel truing device in order, including: the system comprises a laser processing system, a micro-displacement platform system and a detection system.

Wherein laser beam machining system includes: laser, optical fiber, laser galvanometer, industrial personal computer and vertical linear axis z₁Horizontal linear axis y 1; the laser galvanometer is fixed on the horizontal linear axis y₁Through a vertical linear axis z₁And a horizontal linear axis y₁Controlling the movement thereof; the scanning galvanometer may be rotatable about an x-axis.

The micro-displacement platform system comprises a three-dimensional linear axis x₂、y₂、z₂And a rotation axis B; the micro-displacement platform is arranged on the vibration isolation platform to ensure the movement precision; the micro-displacement platforms are respectively y from bottom to top₂、x₂、z₂The axis of rotation B being fixed at z₂On the shaft. The rotary shaft can be stably rotated at a low speed and can be indexed. The diamond grinding head is fixed on the rotating shaft B to control the rotation of the rotating shaft B;

the detection system comprises an optical CCD microscope and a laser displacement sensor.

The abrasive particle orderly-row brazing diamond grinding wheel shaping process based on the abrasive particle orderly-row brazing diamond grinding wheel shaping device comprises the following steps:

by straight lineAxis x₁Coarse harmonic x₂The relative position of the laser galvanometer and the diamond grinding head in the x direction is finely adjusted through a linear axis y₂The relative position of the two in the y direction is finely adjusted.

Through a vertical linear axis z₁Coarse harmonic vertical linear axis z₂And finely adjusting the focal position of the laser.

The circular runout of the shaped grinding head is detected in place by a laser displacement sensor, and the surface appearance and the contour of the grinding head are observed in place by an optical CCD optical microscope.

The operation process of the pulse laser shaping device for the brazed diamond grinding head with the orderly-arranged abrasive particles comprises the following steps:

step one, opening a laser processing system and a micro-displacement motion system, and installing a diamond grinding head on a rotating shaft B of a micro-displacement platform to ensure that the circular runout of the grinding head is within 5 microns (detecting by adopting a laser displacement sensor). Through a vertical linear axis z₁And a horizontal linear axis y₁Roughly adjusting the position between the laser beam and the diamond grinding head;

step two, passing through a vertical linear axis z₁And the micro-displacement platform accurately adjusts the position of the laser focus until the defocusing amount is 0 to ensure that the laser energy is maximum; adjusting the laser beam to be tangent to the outer edge of the diamond grinding head through a micro-displacement platform (observing by adopting an optical CCD);

setting laser process parameters through industrial personal computer laser control software, wherein the setting comprises the following steps: laser pulse width, laser power, laser frequency, laser scanning speed, and scanning times. Wherein the pulse width is 1-120ns, the laser power is 0-50W, the laser repetition frequency is 1-750kHz, the laser scanning speed is 0-2000mm/s, and the scanning times can be self-determined. The laser scanning path is set through industrial personal computer software, the scanning path angle is adjusted to enable the laser scanning direction to be parallel to the bus of the diamond grinding head, and the parallelism error is guaranteed to be within 5 micrometers (the observation is carried out by adopting an optical CCD).

And step four, opening a rotating shaft control system to keep the small grinding head to rotate at a specific rotating speed, wherein the process is to ensure stable rotation and no vibration. Opening a laser control button to enable laser beams to scan in a reciprocating mode along a scanning path, adjusting the distance between the laser scanning path and a grinding head bus through laser control software to perform grinding head tangential shaping, and enabling the laser feeding amount to be 5-50 mu m/time;

and step five, after the diamond grinding head is shaped to meet the requirements of abrasive particle contour and circular run-out, closing the laser beam and the rotating system successively.

Compared with the existing brazing diamond grinding head finishing mode, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the diamond grinding head is shaped by adopting the pulse laser, so that the problem that the abrasive particles are broken due to large contact force generated by the traditional contact type mechanical shaping is solved;

(2) compared with the traditional mechanical finishing, the pulse laser shaping has high efficiency, and the time consumed by finishing is greatly reduced;

(3) the pulse laser shaping can control the scanning path and the feeding amount through the scanning galvanometer, the positioning precision is high, and the precise shaping of the diamond grinding head and the equal height of uniform abrasive particles can be realized;

(4) the pulse laser trimming device provided by the invention can ensure that the trimmed grinding head has higher parallelism and provides a foundation for the grinding/drilling quality of the grinding head.

(5) The device does not generate interaction force in the trimming process, and the shaping device is simple and easy to control.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a processing apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a four-axis precision micro-displacement platform according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a surface topography of the diamond segments of the present invention prior to shaping;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a laser shaping scheme of the diamond grinding head of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relative positions of a pulsed laser and a diamond grinding head according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a laser shaping effect diagram of a diamond grinding head;

fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.

In the figure: 1. a control cabinet 2, a control button 3, an industrial personal computer 4 and an optical fiber,5. vertical linear axis z ₁6, horizontal linear axis x₁7, laser light path, 8, vibrating mirror, 9, laser beam, 10, diamond grinding head with orderly arranged abrasive particles, 11 and vertical linear axis y ₂12, rotation axis B, 13, horizontal linear axis x₂14, vibration isolation platform, 15, horizontal linear axis y₂16, abrasive particles, 17, a binder material, 18 and a grinding head base body.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the device for shaping the brazed diamond grinding wheel with the orderly-arranged abrasive particles comprises a laser processing system, a micro-displacement platform system and a detection system.

Wherein the laser processing system comprises a laser control cabinet 1, an optical fiber 4, a laser galvanometer 8, an industrial personal computer 3 and a vertical linear axis z ₁ 5. Horizontal linear axis y₁ 6；

The micro-displacement platform system comprises a three-way linear axis, namely a horizontal linear axis x₂ 13. Horizontal linear axis y₂ 15. Vertical linear axis z ₂ 11 and a rotation shaft b 12;

the detection system comprises an optical CCD microscope 19 and a laser displacement sensor 20.

The laser galvanometer 8 is fixed on a horizontal linear axis y ₁6, through a vertical linear axis z ₁5 and a horizontal linear axis y ₁6 controlling the movement of the device; the laser galvanometer 8 may be rotated 360 degrees about the x-axis.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a four-axis precision micro-displacement platform of the present invention, referring to FIG. 2, the micro-displacement platform is mounted on a vibration isolation platform to ensure the precision of movement; the micro-displacement platform is a horizontal linear axis y from bottom to top respectively₂15. Horizontal linear axis x ₂13. Vertical linear axis z₂11-axis, the rotation axis b12 being fixed to the vertical linear axis z ₂11 on the shaft. The displacement platform can be evolved according to similar principles.

The rotating shaft 12 can stably rotate at a low speed and can rotate in an indexing manner, and the brazed diamond grinding head 10 with the orderly-arranged abrasive particles is arranged on the rotating shaft b12 to control the rotation of the brazed diamond grinding head;

the whole device can pass through a horizontal linear axis x₁6 coarse adjustment and horizontal Linear axis x₂13 the relative position between the laser galvanometer 8 and the diamond grinding head 10 for brazing with the orderly arranged abrasive particles in the x direction is finely adjusted, and simultaneously, the relative position passes through a horizontal linear axis y ₂15 fine-tuning the relative position of the two in the y-direction. Through a vertical linear axis z ₁5 coarse adjustment and vertical Linear axis z₂And 11, finely adjusting the focal position of the laser.

The circular runout of the shaped brazed diamond grinding head 10 with the orderly-distributed abrasive particles is detected by a laser displacement sensor 20, and the surface appearance and the contour of the brazed diamond grinding head 10 with the orderly-distributed abrasive particles are observed by an optical CCD microscope 19.

FIG. 3 is a surface topography of the diamond segments of the present invention prior to shaping; the abrasive grains 16 are fixed to a grinding head base 18 by a binder material 17.