阅读说明：本技术 轮轨作用力和踏面故障的检测系统及方法 (Detection system and method for wheel-rail acting force and tread fault ) 是由 冯其波 张斌 杨婧 何启欣 高润 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种轮轨作用力和踏面故障的检测系统及方法,包括：电路连接的触发单元、n个测量单元和系统控制与数据处理单元,n为正整数、并且为大于2的偶数；触发单元在列车经过时产生触发信号并发送至系统控制与数据处理单元；n个测量单元接收到系统控制与数据处理单元的信号后,发射激光,并进行准直处理、透射和反射后得到光斑位置电信号,并将光斑位置电信号返回至系统控制与数据处理单元；系统控制与数据处理单元接收触发单元的触发信号触发测量单元以及接收测量单元的光斑位置电信号,得到轮轨作用力和踏面故障的检测结果。本系统可以定量检测多种踏面故障,实现对轮对与钢轨作用力以及踏面故障的同时快速检测。(The invention provides a detection system and a detection method for wheel rail acting force and tread faults, wherein the detection system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a trigger unit, n measuring units and a system control and data processing unit which are connected by a circuit, wherein n is a positive integer and is an even number more than 2; the trigger unit generates a trigger signal when the train passes by and sends the trigger signal to the system control and data processing unit; the n measuring units receive signals of the system control and data processing unit, emit laser, obtain light spot position electric signals after collimation, transmission and reflection, and return the light spot position electric signals to the system control and data processing unit; the system control and data processing unit receives the trigger signal of the trigger unit to trigger the measuring unit and receives the electric signal of the light spot position of the measuring unit to obtain the detection results of the wheel-rail acting force and the tread fault. The system can quantitatively detect various tread faults and realize the simultaneous and rapid detection of the acting force of the wheel set and the steel rail and the tread faults.)

1. A system for detecting wheel track forces and tread faults, comprising: the system comprises a trigger unit, n measuring units and a system control and data processing unit which are connected by a circuit, wherein n is a positive integer and is an even number more than 2;

the trigger unit is arranged in the direction close to the coming direction of the train and used for generating a trigger signal when the train passes by and sending the trigger signal to the system control and data processing unit;

the n measuring units are fixed on the inner sides or the outer sides of the two parallel steel rails in a mirror symmetry mode by using the central lines of the steel rails, the coverage area of a measuring area formed by the n measuring units is an area through which all types of train wheel pairs passing through a road section roll for one circle, and the measuring area is used for receiving signals of the system control and data processing unit, emitting laser, carrying out collimation processing, transmission and reflection to obtain a light spot position electric signal, and returning the light spot position electric signal to the system control and data processing unit;

the system control and data processing unit is arranged beside the steel rail and used for receiving the trigger signal of the trigger unit to trigger the measuring unit and receiving the light spot position electric signal of the measuring unit, and obtaining the detection results of wheel rail acting force and tread fault according to the light spot position electric signal.

2. The detection system according to claim 1, wherein the measuring unit comprises: the laser emitting and detecting unit and the laser reflecting unit are fixed on the same side of the steel rail through a clamp;

the laser emission and detection unit comprises: the system comprises a semiconductor laser with a tail fiber, an optical fiber collimator, first window glass, a four-quadrant detector and a semiconductor laser driver, wherein the semiconductor laser, the optical fiber collimator, the first window glass and the four-quadrant detector are sequentially connected through an optical path;

the laser reflection unit includes: the second window glass and the pyramid prism are connected through an optical path;

the optical fiber collimator is used for collimating laser emitted by a semiconductor laser with a pigtail, and the collimated laser is transmitted through the first window glass to form emergent light; the emergent light is transmitted through second window glass, is reflected backwards by the pyramid prism and is transmitted through the second window glass to form reflected light; the reflected light is transmitted through the first window glass and is incident on the four-quadrant detector, and the four-quadrant detector detects the light spot position information of the reflected light and converts the light spot position information into a light spot position electric signal.

3. The detection system according to claim 2, wherein said laser emitting and detecting unit further comprises: the polarization beam splitter 4 is connected with a lambda/4 wave plate, a semiconductor laser with a tail fiber, an optical fiber collimator, the polarization beam splitter 4, the lambda/4 wave plate and a first window glass in sequence;

the optical fiber collimator collimates the laser emitted by the semiconductor laser with the tail fiber; the collimated laser is transmitted by the polarization beam splitter, rotates the polarization direction by 45 degrees by the lambda/4 wave plate and is transmitted by the first window glass 6 to form emergent light; the emergent light is transmitted through second window glass, is reflected backwards by the pyramid prism and is transmitted through the second window glass to form reflected light; the reflected light is transmitted through the first window glass, the polarization direction is rotated by 45 degrees through the lambda/4 wave plate, the reflected light is reflected to the four-quadrant detector by the polarization beam splitter, and the four-quadrant detector detects the light spot position information of the reflected light and converts the light spot position information into a light spot position electric signal.

4. The detection system according to claim 3, wherein the laser reflection unit is a second window glass and a mirror optically connected.

5. The detection system according to claim 2, wherein n is 4 or 6.

6. The detection system according to claim 5, wherein when n is 4, two measurement units are respectively included at two sides of the steel rail, and the two measurement units comprise: the two-in-one measuring unit and the two laser reflection units are fixed on the same side of the steel rail through clamps;

the two-in-one measuring unit comprises: the system comprises a semiconductor laser with a tail fiber, an optical fiber collimator, a semiconductor laser driver, a spectroscope, a reflector, left first window glass, right first window glass, a first four-quadrant detector probe and a second four-quadrant detector;

the semiconductor laser driver is connected with a semiconductor laser circuit with a tail fiber, the semiconductor laser with the tail fiber, the optical fiber collimator and the spectroscope are sequentially connected through an optical path, the spectroscope, the reflector, the left first window glass and the second four-quadrant detector are sequentially connected through an optical path, and the spectroscope, the right first window glass and the first four-quadrant detector are sequentially connected through an optical path;

the optical fiber collimator is used for collimating laser emitted by a semiconductor laser with a pigtail, the collimated laser is divided into first transmission light and first reflection light through the spectroscope, and the first transmission light is transmitted through first window glass on the right side to form first emergent light; the first emergent light is transmitted through the second window glass of the right laser reflection unit, is reflected backwards through the pyramid prism of the right laser reflection unit, and is transmitted through the second window glass of the right laser reflection unit to form second reflected light; the second reflected light is transmitted through the first window glass and is incident on the first four-quadrant detector, and the first four-quadrant detector detects the light spot position information of the reflected light and converts the light spot position information into a first light spot position electric signal;

the first reflected light is reflected by the reflector and transmitted by the first window glass on the left side to form second emergent light; the second emergent light is transmitted through the second window glass of the left laser reflection unit, is reflected backwards by the pyramid prism of the left laser reflection unit, and is transmitted through the second window glass of the left laser reflection unit to form third reflected light; and the third reflected light is transmitted through the first window glass on the left side and is incident on the second four-quadrant detector, and the second four-quadrant detector detects the spot position information of the reflected light and converts the spot position information into a second spot position electric signal.

7. The detection system of claim 1, wherein the system control and data processing unit comprises a power supply, a control switch, and a processor.

8. The detection system of claim 1, wherein the triggering unit is an eddy current inductor or an opto-electronic switch.

9. A method of testing using the wheel-rail force and tread fault testing system of any of claims 2-8, comprising the steps of:

step (1) installing a detection system: the method comprises the following steps that a trigger unit and a measuring unit are sequentially installed on a steel rail along the advancing direction of a train, a system control and data processing unit is installed beside the rail, and the installation positions of a laser emitting and detecting unit and a laser reflecting unit of each measuring unit are adjusted, so that the center of a reflected light spot is located at the center position of a four-quadrant detector;

step (2) calibrating the detection system: a standard wheel set passes through the detection system, the system tests the transverse acting force and the vertical acting force of the wheel rail provided by the standard wheel set, and all the measurement sheets are calibratedThe position of the spot in both directions changes d as the reflected light of the element returns to its four-quadrant detector_i-H(t)、d_i-V(t) transverse force f acting on left and right wheel tracks_i-H(t) and vertical force f_i-V(t) relationship f_i-H(d_i-H)、f_i-V(d_i-V) Wherein i is the number of the four-quadrant detector of all the measuring units, and t is a series of measuring moments;

step (3) wheel-rail acting force measurement: when the test train passes by, the four-quadrant detectors of all the laser emission and detection units respectively record the position changes d of the light spot in two directions_i-H(t)、d_i-V(t) according to the relation f between the position variation of the light spot in two directions and the transverse acting force and the vertical acting force of the wheel track calibrated in the step (2)_i-H(d_i-H)、f_i-V(d_i-V) Calculating the transverse force f of the wheel rail of the test train_ic-H(t) and vertical force f_ic-V(t)；

(4) Determining wheel set tread faults: determining tread faults by detecting tread scratch and peeling measurement, synthesizing wheel-rail transverse acting force and vertical acting force measured by all the measuring units on the same steel rail into a wheel-rail transverse acting force and vertical acting force curve of a wheel on the steel rail rolling for one circle in a measuring area according to the wheel-rail acting force measurement in the step (3), processing the curve through a system control and data processing unit when scratches or peeling exist, extracting distortion signals, and calculating the type and degree of tread abnormity according to different waveforms and amplitudes of the distortion signals.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of rail transit safety detection, in particular to a detection system and a detection method for wheel-rail acting force and tread faults.

Background

The tread abnormalities such as the scratch, the peeling and the multi-edge of the tread of the train wheel are the main causes of train accidents. In recent years, with the development of economy, the speed and the load capacity of the train are greatly improved, which puts higher requirements on the detection of the wheel faults of the train.

For the detection of the scratch, the abrasion and the non-roundness of the tread of the train wheel, the patents of CN96216065.2 dynamic measuring device for the scratch and the abrasion of the tread of the train wheel, CN00243380.X dynamic measuring device for the scratch and the abrasion of the tread of the train wheel, CN200620034699 on-line dynamic detecting device for the scratch and the non-roundness of the tread of the train wheel and the like adopt a contact detection method, the quantitative measurement of the abrasion and the scratch of the tread of the wheel in the running of the train is realized through a parallelogram mechanism, an accurate measurement result is obtained under the condition of low-speed running of the train (below 30 km/h), but the wheel in the high-speed running of the train can impact the measuring mechanism, so that certain difficulty is brought to the accurate measurement.

The patents "CN 201810964279.3" a system and method for detecting images of tread defects of locomotive wheels "," CN201710305046.8 "a system and method for detecting online images of tread defects of train wheels", and "CN 201210475411.7" a device for identifying tread defects of wheels based on image photographing form "and the like adopt image collectors to collect images of tread surfaces of wheels, detect the tread defects of the wheels in a photographing form, but a plurality of image collectors are needed to collect the tread images of complete wheels, so that the cost is high, and the method is not suitable for large-scale popularization.

The patent "CN 201410524447.9 dynamic detection system of wheels of high-speed train" proposes an optical wheel tread detection method, which has the characteristics of non-contact measurement, high measurement speed, high precision, simple installation, low cost and the like, and is a simple and reliable method for detecting wheel tread abnormality, but the detection method proposed by the patent needs at least 10 lasers and PSD sensors in one-to-one correspondence, and is poor in economy, and for small scratches, the detection sensitivity needs to be further improved.

Therefore, a method and system for simultaneously and rapidly detecting wheel set and rail forces and tread faults is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a detection system and a detection method for wheel-rail acting force and tread faults, which are used for realizing the simultaneous and rapid detection of the wheel-pair and steel-rail acting force and tread faults.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.

One aspect of the present invention provides a system for detecting wheel rail force and tread faults, comprising: the system comprises a trigger unit, n measuring units and a system control and data processing unit which are connected by a circuit, wherein n is a positive integer and is an even number more than 2;

the trigger unit is arranged in the direction close to the coming direction of the train and used for generating a trigger signal when the train passes by and sending the trigger signal to the system control and data processing unit;

the n measuring units are fixed on the inner sides or the outer sides of the two parallel steel rails in a mirror symmetry mode by using the central lines of the steel rails, the coverage area of a measuring area formed by the n measuring units is an area through which all types of train wheel pairs passing through a road section roll for one circle, and the measuring area is used for receiving signals of the system control and data processing unit, emitting laser, carrying out collimation processing, transmission and reflection to obtain a light spot position electric signal, and returning the light spot position electric signal to the system control and data processing unit;

the system control and data processing unit is arranged beside the steel rail and used for receiving the trigger signal of the trigger unit to trigger the measuring unit and receiving the light spot position electric signal of the measuring unit, and obtaining the detection results of wheel rail acting force and tread fault according to the light spot position electric signal.

Preferably, the measuring unit includes: the laser emitting and detecting unit and the laser reflecting unit are fixed on the same side of the steel rail through a clamp;

the laser emission and detection unit comprises: the system comprises a semiconductor laser with a tail fiber, an optical fiber collimator, first window glass, a four-quadrant detector and a semiconductor laser driver, wherein the semiconductor laser, the optical fiber collimator, the first window glass and the four-quadrant detector are sequentially connected through an optical path;

the laser reflection unit includes: the second window glass and the pyramid prism are connected through an optical path;

the optical fiber collimator is used for collimating laser emitted by a semiconductor laser with a pigtail, and the collimated laser is transmitted through the first window glass to form emergent light; the emergent light is transmitted through second window glass, is reflected backwards by the pyramid prism and is transmitted through the second window glass to form reflected light; the reflected light is transmitted through the first window glass and is incident on the four-quadrant detector, and the four-quadrant detector detects the light spot position information of the reflected light and converts the light spot position information into a light spot position electric signal.

Preferably, the laser emission and detection unit further comprises: the polarization beam splitter 4 is connected with a lambda/4 wave plate, a semiconductor laser with a tail fiber, an optical fiber collimator, the polarization beam splitter 4, the lambda/4 wave plate and a first window glass in sequence;

the optical fiber collimator collimates the laser emitted by the semiconductor laser with the tail fiber; the collimated laser is transmitted by the polarization beam splitter, rotates the polarization direction by 45 degrees by the lambda/4 wave plate and is transmitted by the first window glass 6 to form emergent light; the emergent light is transmitted through second window glass, is reflected backwards by the pyramid prism and is transmitted through the second window glass to form reflected light; the reflected light is transmitted through the first window glass, the polarization direction is rotated by 45 degrees through the lambda/4 wave plate, the reflected light is reflected to the four-quadrant detector by the polarization beam splitter, and the four-quadrant detector detects the light spot position information of the reflected light and converts the light spot position information into a light spot position electric signal.

Preferably, the laser reflection unit is a second window glass and a reflector connected with the optical path.

Preferably, n is 4 or 6.

Preferably, when n is 4, two measuring units are respectively included at two sides of the steel rail, and the two measuring units include: the two-in-one measuring unit and the two laser reflection units are fixed on the same side of the steel rail through clamps;

the two-in-one measuring unit comprises: the system comprises a semiconductor laser with a tail fiber, an optical fiber collimator, a semiconductor laser driver, a spectroscope, a reflector, left first window glass, right first window glass, a first four-quadrant detector probe and a second four-quadrant detector;

the semiconductor laser driver is connected with a semiconductor laser circuit with a tail fiber, the semiconductor laser with the tail fiber, the optical fiber collimator and the spectroscope are sequentially connected through an optical path, the spectroscope, the reflector, the left first window glass and the second four-quadrant detector are sequentially connected through an optical path, and the spectroscope, the right first window glass and the first four-quadrant detector are sequentially connected through an optical path;

the optical fiber collimator is used for collimating laser emitted by a semiconductor laser with a pigtail, the collimated laser is divided into first transmission light and first reflection light through the spectroscope, and the first transmission light is transmitted through first window glass on the right side to form first emergent light; the first emergent light is transmitted through the second window glass of the right laser reflection unit, is reflected backwards through the pyramid prism of the right laser reflection unit, and is transmitted through the second window glass of the right laser reflection unit to form second reflected light; the second reflected light is transmitted through the first window glass and is incident on the first four-quadrant detector, and the first four-quadrant detector detects the light spot position information of the reflected light and converts the light spot position information into a first light spot position electric signal;

the first reflected light is reflected by the reflector and transmitted by the first window glass on the left side to form second emergent light; the second emergent light is transmitted through the second window glass of the left laser reflection unit, is reflected backwards by the pyramid prism of the left laser reflection unit, and is transmitted through the second window glass of the left laser reflection unit to form third reflected light; and the third reflected light is transmitted through the first window glass on the left side and is incident on the second four-quadrant detector, and the second four-quadrant detector detects the spot position information of the reflected light and converts the spot position information into a second spot position electric signal.

Preferably, the system control and data processing unit comprises a power supply, a control switch and a processor.

Preferably, the triggering unit is an eddy current inductor or a photoelectric switch.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a detection method using the detection system for wheel-rail acting force and tread fault, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step (1) installing a detection system: the method comprises the following steps that a trigger unit and a measuring unit are sequentially installed on a steel rail along the advancing direction of a train, a system control and data processing unit is installed beside the rail, and the installation positions of a laser emitting and detecting unit and a laser reflecting unit of each measuring unit are adjusted, so that the center of a reflected light spot is located at the center position of a four-quadrant detector;

step (2) calibrating the detection system: a standard wheel pair passes through the detection system, the wheel track transverse acting force and the wheel track vertical acting force provided by the standard wheel pair are tested by the system, and the position change d of the light spot in two directions is marked when the reflected light of all the measurement units returns to the four-quadrant detector_i-H(t)、d_i-V(t) transverse force f acting on left and right wheel tracks_i-H(t) and vertical force f_i-V(t) relationship f_i-H(d_i-H)、f_i-V(d_i-V) Wherein i is the number of the four-quadrant detector of all the measuring units, and t is a series of measuring moments;

step (3) wheel-rail acting force measurement: when the test train passes by, the four-quadrant detectors of all the laser emission and detection units respectively record the position changes d of the light spot in two directions_i-H(t)、d_i-V(t) according to the relation f between the position variation of the light spot in two directions and the transverse acting force and the vertical acting force of the wheel track calibrated in the step (2)_i-H(d_i-H)、f_i-V(d_i-V) Calculating the transverse force f of the wheel rail of the test train_ic-H(t) and vertical force f_ic-V(t)；

(4) Determining wheel set tread faults: determining tread faults by detecting tread scratch and peeling measurement, synthesizing wheel-rail transverse acting force and vertical acting force measured by all the measuring units on the same steel rail into a wheel-rail transverse acting force and vertical acting force curve of a wheel on the steel rail rolling for one circle in a measuring area according to the wheel-rail acting force measurement in the step (3), processing the curve through a system control and data processing unit when scratches or peeling exist, extracting distortion signals, and calculating the type and degree of tread abnormity according to different waveforms and amplitudes of the distortion signals.

The technical scheme provided by the detection system and method for wheel rail acting force and tread fault of the invention shows that the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention can quantitatively detect various tread faults such as scratch, peeling, multi-edge and the like, and realize the simultaneous and rapid detection of the acting force of the wheel set and the steel rail and the tread faults;

the invention adopts the semiconductor laser with the tail fiber as the light source, can reduce the laser light drift, and improves the measurement accuracy and stability;

the laser reflection unit reflects laser, so that the sensitivity of the system is improved, the laser reflection unit is free of electrical components, the circuit is concentrated in the laser emission and detection unit, the wiring of the system is simplified, the structure is simple, and the installation is convenient.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wheel-rail force and tread fault detection system according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of a system according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the actual measured vertical displacement of two healthy wheels passing through a measuring unit according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the actual measured vertical displacement of a healthy wheel plus a wheel with scratches through a measurement unit in accordance with the first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wheel-rail force and tread failure detection system according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a wheel-rail force and tread failure detection system according to a third embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of a system for detecting wheel-rail forces and tread faults;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a system for detecting wheel rail force and tread failure with a measuring unit located inside a steel rail;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a system for detecting wheel rail force and tread failure with the measuring unit located outside the rail and with the measuring unit reversed backwards;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the detection system with the measuring unit inside the rail and the backward reversed wheel rail force and tread failure of the measuring unit.

Description of reference numerals:

1 semiconductor laser driver 2 semiconductor laser 3 optical fiber collimator 4 polarization beam splitter 5 lambda/4 wave plate 6 first window glass 7 second window glass 8 reflector 9 four-quadrant detector 10 power 11 control switch 12 central processor 13 eddy current inductor or photoelectric switch 14 pyramid prism 15 spectroscope 16 reflector 17 left first window glass 18 right first window glass 19 first four-quadrant detector 20 second four-quadrant detector a laser emission and detection unit b laser reflection unit b1 left laser reflection unit b2 right laser reflection unit c system control and data processing unit d device trigger unit e two-in-one measuring unit

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. The wheel rail acting force comprises a wheel rail contact transverse acting force and a wheel rail contact vertical acting force, and the wheel tread faults comprise wheel tread scratch and stripping.

For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be further explained by taking several specific embodiments as examples in conjunction with the drawings, and the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.