阅读说明：本技术 生物降解剂、生物降解纤维及制备方法 (Biodegradable agent, biodegradable fiber and preparation method ) 是由 蒋船银 魏志军 陈志强 黄石连 于 2019-09-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明实施例提供了生物降解剂、生物降解纤维及制备方法。本发明实施例提供的生物降解剂,原料易得,设计合理,PBST的作用是增韧改性,聚乳酸为单糖和醛糖的载体,单糖和醛糖的作用是吸引细菌并为细菌提供能量,该生物降解剂,制备方法简单,使用容易,通过将其添加到纤维中,即可加速纤维的生物降解,无需改变原纤维的生产线设备,对原纤维没有不良影响,可以根据需要,通过改变生物降解剂的添加量即可控制纤维在土壤中的降解速率。本发明实施例提供的生物降解纤维,制备过程不复杂,无需改变现有的纤维生产线设备,解决了传统PET、PBT纤维因分子链中存在苯环结构而不能降解的问题。(The embodiment of the invention provides a biodegradation agent, biodegradable fiber and a preparation method. The biodegradation agent provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials and reasonable design, PBST has the function of toughening and modification, polylactic acid is a carrier of monosaccharide and aldose, the monosaccharide and aldose have the functions of attracting bacteria and providing energy for the bacteria, the biodegradation agent is simple in preparation method and easy to use, the biodegradation of the fibers can be accelerated by adding the biodegradation agent into the fibers, the production line equipment of the fibers does not need to be changed, no adverse effect is caused on the fibers, and the degradation rate of the fibers in soil can be controlled by changing the addition amount of the biodegradation agent according to needs. The biodegradable fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention has uncomplicated preparation process, does not need to change the existing fiber production line equipment, and solves the problem that the traditional PET and PBT fibers can not be degraded due to the benzene ring structure in the molecular chain.)

1. The biodegradation agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

PBST: 3 to 10 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,

polylactic acid: 20 to 30 parts of (a) a water-soluble polymer,

monosaccharide: 20 to 30 parts of (a) a water-soluble polymer,

aldose sugar: 30-40 parts.

2. The preparation method of the biodegradable agent according to claim 1, wherein the PBST, the polylactic acid, the monosaccharide and the aldose are weighed according to the proportion, and the biodegradable agent is obtained by melting and uniformly mixing.

3. The biodegradable fiber is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

polyester fiber: 90 to 100 parts of (a) a water-soluble polymer,

inorganic filler: 2 to 4 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,

the biodegradation agent of claim 1: 1-5 parts.

4. The biodegradable fiber according to claim 3, wherein the polyester fiber comprises at least one of PBT, PET, and PTT.

5. The biodegradable fiber according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic filler is at least one of calcium carbonate and silica.

6. The method for preparing biodegradable fiber according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of: and weighing the polyester fiber, the inorganic filler and the biodegradable agent according to the proportion, uniformly stirring and melting and spinning to obtain the biodegradable fiber.

7. The method for preparing biodegradable fiber according to claim 6, further comprising drying the polyester fiber.

8. The method for preparing biodegradable fiber according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the drying treatment is 120-130 ℃.

9. The preparation method of the biodegradable fiber according to claim 7, wherein the drying time is 6-8 h.

10. The method for preparing biodegradable fiber according to claim 6, wherein the melt-spinning temperature is 230-280 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of polyester fibers, and particularly relates to a biodegradation agent, a biodegradable fiber and a preparation method thereof.

Background

While various polymer material products bring unprecedented convenience and comfort to our lives, organic polymer wastes generated by industry and daily life become an important source of current environmental pollution, and synthetic fiber wastes are an important component. The traditional incineration method and landfill method are harmful to the environment and occupy land resources, so that the method for treating both symptoms and root causes needs to be developed and popularized from the source.

The biodegradable high polymer material is a high polymer which can be completely degraded after being eroded by organisms in the nature, such as bacteria, fungi, algae and the like. The polymer material has the performance of being degraded by microorganisms, and at present, two different approaches are mainly used, wherein one approach is to search and synthesize macromolecules which can be degraded and chemically solidified by microorganisms or enzymes; another method is to cultivate microorganisms specifically used for degrading general-purpose plastics. The latter is mainly a synthetic degradable polymer material at present because it can cause the uncontrolled growth of species and the unknown influence on biosphere.

The polyester fiber is a synthetic fiber prepared by directly spinning or re-melting spinning a polymer containing an ester group (-COO-) in a molecular structure. The aliphatic polyester contains ester bonds which are easily hydrolyzed by microorganisms, and the biodegradability of a common chemical structure is from strong to weak in a common case: aliphatic ester bond, peptide bond > carbamate > aliphatic ether bond > methylene bond.

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a carbon source and energy storage material of prokaryotic microbial cells, is an aliphatic polyester, and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most well-studied biological polyester. At present, PHB is mainly applied to composite materials and fibers, and besides melt spinning, PHB can be spun into a wound supporting material through jelly glue, so that a wound is protected, and healing is promoted. Polylactic acid (PLA) is also a biodegradable polyester. Lactic acid is a carbohydrate produced by lactobacilli and is also a common natural compound in living organisms, and is also found in humans. Has good biodegradability, biocompatibility and bioabsorbability. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a biodegradable polyester which has been widely studied and is obtained by polycondensation of succinic acid and butanediol. At present, the biological material used in the textile industry is mainly PLA, the application of the biological material is limited due to the fact that the vitrification temperature of the PLA material is 60-65 ℃, the thermal deformation temperature of the PLA material is low, the PLA material is highly crystallized, the fiber softness is poor, the application of the PLA in the fiber industry is also limited, and the PLA material is widely applied to polyester fibers or PET and PBT at present.

However, the traditional PET and PBT fibers have long degradation time due to the benzene ring structure in the molecular chain.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems that the application of the biodegradable material is limited and the traditional material is degraded for too long time, one of the purposes of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a biodegradable agent. It is another object of embodiments of the invention to provide biodegradable fibers. The third purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the biodegradable fiber.

In order to achieve the purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the biodegradation agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:

PBST: 3 to 10 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,

polylactic acid: 20 to 30 parts of (a) a water-soluble polymer,

monosaccharide: 20 to 30 parts of (a) a water-soluble polymer,

aldose sugar: 30-40 parts.

In the biodegradable agent, PBST is poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate), and has the functions of toughening and modifying and improving the toughness of the material after the biodegradable agent is added into fibers. Polylactic acid is a carrier for monosaccharides and aldoses. Monosaccharides and aldoses function to attract bacteria and provide energy to the bacteria.

The fibers suitable for the above-mentioned biodegradable agent include polyester fibers such as PBT, PET and PTT, and by adding them to the fibers, the biodegradation of the fibers can be accelerated without changing the production line equipment of the fibrils, and there is no adverse effect on the fibrils. The degradation rate of the fiber in the soil can be controlled by changing the addition amount of the biodegradation agent according to requirements.

Preferably, the preparation method of the biodegradation agent comprises the following steps: weighing the PBST, the polylactic acid, the monosaccharide and the aldose according to the proportion, melting and uniformly mixing to obtain the biodegradable agent, cooling, and then carrying out high-pressure pressing to obtain the biodegradable agent particles. The melting temperature is 160-180 ℃.

The biodegradable fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

polyester fiber: 90 to 100 parts of (a) a water-soluble polymer,

inorganic filler: 2 to 4 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,

the above-mentioned biodegradation agent: 1-5 parts.

When the biodegradable fiber is discarded and buried in a landfill area, the biodegradable agent starts to act, attracts different microorganisms to erode and digest polymers, and simultaneously promotes the molecular chains of the fiber to break, so that the fiber is decomposed into polymers with the molecular weight of less than 5 thousand, and the microorganisms are conveniently decomposed and finally converted into carbon dioxide, water, organic matters and other substances. Although the traditional plastic can be degraded, the time required for degradation is 300-500 years, the biodegradable fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention attracts microorganisms, the microorganisms release enzymes, polymer molecular chains are decomposed, the decomposition of the plastic is accelerated, and the decomposition time is only 1-10 years.

Preferably, the polyester fibers comprise at least one of PBT, PET, and PTT.

Further preferably, the PBT, PET and PTT are draw-grade polyester fibers.

Preferably, the inorganic filler is at least one of calcium carbonate and silica.

Further preferably, the particle size of the inorganic filler is larger than 2000 mesh.

The inorganic filler functions to improve the resilience of the fiber.

The preparation method of the biodegradable fiber comprises the following steps: and weighing the polyester fiber, the inorganic filler and the biodegradable agent according to the proportion, uniformly stirring and melting and spinning to obtain the biodegradable fiber.

Further preferably, the method further comprises drying the polyester fiber.

More preferably, the temperature of the drying treatment is 120 to 130 ℃.

More preferably, the drying time is 6-8 h.

Preferably, the time for stirring and mixing is at least 30 min.

Preferably, the rotating speed of the stirring and uniformly mixing is 300-400 rpm.

Further preferably, the temperature of the melt spinning is one zone at 180-.

The chemical fiber oil is added at a roller when the fiber is sprayed from a spinneret plate, and the adding amount is determined according to the fiber drawing speed and is usually 50-400 g/min. The chemical fiber oil comprises one or more of mineral oil, vegetable oil, fatty acid monohydric alcohol ester, polyol ester, fatty acid diester, fatty acid polyol ester, fatty acid trimethylolpropane ester and fatty acid pentaerythritol ester. The main function is to adjust the friction performance of the chemical fiber, prevent or eliminate static accumulation, and endow the fiber with the performances of smoothness, bundling, static resistance, softness and the like.

The diameter of the fiber obtained after melt spinning is 0.06-0.12 mm.

The preparation method of the biodegradable fiber also comprises the steps of cutting wool, grinding the peak, drying, finishing bristles and packaging the spinning after melt spinning.

Wherein the length of the cut hair is between 30 and 70cm according to the application.

And (3) grinding the peaks by using a NaOH solution, wherein the concentration is 20-45%, the temperature is 120-140 ℃, and the time for grinding the peaks is 10-50 min.

The invention has the advantages of

1. The biodegradation agent provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the raw materials are easy to obtain, the design is reasonable, the PBST has the function of toughening and modification, the polylactic acid is a carrier of monosaccharide and aldose, and the monosaccharide and the aldose have the functions of attracting bacteria and providing energy for the bacteria;

2. the biodegradation agent provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method and easy use, can accelerate the biodegradation of the fiber by adding the biodegradation agent into the fiber, does not need to change the production line equipment of the fibril, and has no adverse effect on the fibril;

3. according to the biodegradation agent provided by the embodiment of the invention, the degradation rate of the fibers in the soil can be controlled by changing the addition amount of the biodegradation agent according to needs;

4. the biodegradable fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, no need of changing the existing fiber production line equipment, and solving the problem of long degradation time of the traditional PET and PBT fibers due to the benzene ring structure in the molecular chain.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the biodegradation test of fibers in the test examples of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following are specific examples of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.