Diesel engine accelerator self-adaptive adjusting device and method
阅读说明：本技术 柴油机油门自适应调节装置及调节方法 (Diesel engine accelerator self-adaptive adjusting device and method ) 是由 蒋大伟 李俊鹏 丁乐中 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种柴油机油门自适应调节装置及调节方法,装置包括气动执行器、补气电磁阀、气动执行器电磁阀和调速器油门杆,压缩空气管路一端与气动执行器电磁阀和补气电磁阀之间的连接管路相连,气动执行器的下端接口与增压器压气端的近端接口相连。方法包括A、柴油机启动、B、柴油机持续运行,C、柴油机工作负荷突然增加,D、调速器故障紧急停车不同工况的不同步骤。本发明调节方法有效地控制了柴油机启动、负荷突加及紧急停车时尾气排放黑烟问题,并能在紧急状态下将柴油机空燃比提高到无穷大,从而大大减小了尾气排放的烟度值,使得柴油机的动态调速特性满足船级社规范的要求,降低了柴油机的使用成本。(The invention discloses a self-adaptive adjusting device and a self-adaptive adjusting method for a diesel engine throttle, wherein the device comprises a pneumatic actuator, a gas supplementing electromagnetic valve, a pneumatic actuator electromagnetic valve and a speed regulator throttle lever, one end of a compressed air pipeline is connected with a connecting pipeline between the pneumatic actuator electromagnetic valve and the gas supplementing electromagnetic valve, and a lower end interface of the pneumatic actuator is connected with a near-end interface of a gas compression end of a supercharger. The method comprises the steps of A, starting the diesel engine, B, continuously operating the diesel engine, C, suddenly increasing the work load of the diesel engine, D, emergently stopping the speed regulator in case of failure and under different working conditions. The adjusting method effectively controls the problem of black smoke emission of tail gas during the starting, load sudden-adding and emergency stopping of the diesel engine, and can improve the air-fuel ratio of the diesel engine to infinity in an emergency state, thereby greatly reducing the smoke value of the tail gas emission, ensuring that the dynamic speed regulating characteristic of the diesel engine meets the requirement of the classification society standard, and reducing the use cost of the diesel engine.)
1. A self-adaptive adjusting device for a diesel engine throttle is characterized by comprising a pneumatic actuator, a gas supplementing electromagnetic valve, a pneumatic actuator electromagnetic valve and a speed regulator throttle lever, wherein an upper end interface of the pneumatic actuator is sequentially connected with the pneumatic actuator electromagnetic valve and the gas supplementing electromagnetic valve through connecting pipelines and then connected with a far end interface of a gas compression end of a supercharger, and one end of a compressed air pipeline is connected with the connecting pipeline between the pneumatic actuator electromagnetic valve and the gas supplementing electromagnetic valve; one end of an accelerator rod of the speed regulator is hinged with a hinged seat, and the hinged seat is fixed in the speed regulator; the lower end interface of the pneumatic actuator is connected with the near end interface of the air compression end of the supercharger through a connecting pipeline.
2. The self-adaptive throttle adjusting device for the diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the pneumatic actuator comprises a shell, a pneumatic actuator ejector rod, a piston, a pressure spring, an upper guide sleeve, a lower guide sleeve, an upper end cover and a lower end cover, the piston is fixed on the middle part of the pneumatic actuator ejector rod and is embedded into an inner cavity of the shell, the inner cavity of the shell is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are not communicated with each other by a plurality of piston sealing rings in the radial direction of the piston, an upper end interface is communicated with the upper cavity, and a lower end interface is communicated with the; the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively fixed on the upper end and the lower end of the shell in a sealing way; two ends of a push rod of the pneumatic actuator respectively penetrate through an upper guide sleeve in the upper end cover and a lower guide sleeve in the lower end cover, and the end head of the lower end of the push rod of the pneumatic actuator is opposite to the other end of an accelerator rod of the speed regulator; two ends of the pressure spring are respectively abutted between the lower side of the piston and the upper side of the lower end cover.
3. The adaptive throttle adjusting device for the diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein a counter bore is formed at the lower end of the piston, a spring core column extends upwards from the center of the lower end cover, the upper end of the pressure spring abuts against the bottom surface of the counter bore, and the lower end of the pressure spring is sleeved on the spring core column.
4. The self-adaptive diesel engine throttle adjuster according to claim 1, wherein the contact switch is fixed on the upper side of the other end of the throttle lever of the speed adjuster, and the contact switch is opposite to the end head of the lower end of the push rod of the pneumatic actuator.
5. The self-adaptive throttle valve adjusting device for the diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air make-up solenoid valve and the pneumatic actuator solenoid valve are pneumatic two-position two-way solenoid directional valves.
6. The self-adaptive throttle valve adjusting device for the diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure of the compressed air is 500-800 Kpa.
7. The working method of the self-adaptive throttle adjusting device of the diesel engine as claimed in claim 4, characterized by comprising the following different steps of A, starting of the diesel engine, B, continuous running of the diesel engine, C, sudden load increase of the diesel engine, D, emergency stop of the governor in case of failure and different working conditions:
A. diesel engine start-up
A1) The diesel engine is started, the speed regulator gives out a maximum accelerator, the air inflow is far less than the air required by the complete combustion of the fuel injection quantity, the air-fuel ratio is far lower than the normal level, and the fuel is incompletely combusted to form black smoke which is discharged into the atmosphere;
A2) at the moment, the solenoid valve of the pneumatic actuator receives a diesel engine starting signal, the electromagnet of the solenoid valve of the pneumatic actuator moves to the opening position for 2.5 seconds, 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed from a compressed air source outside the diesel engine through a compressed air pipeline is flushed into an upper cavity of the pneumatic actuator from an upper end port of the pneumatic actuator to push the piston to move downwards, and an ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator moves downwards along with the piston;
A3) the ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator moves downwards to press the other end of the throttle lever of the speed regulator, so that the oil injection quantity is reduced, meanwhile, the contact switch is switched on, the electromagnet of the air supply electromagnetic valve is electrified, and the valve core moves to the opening position; the method comprises the following steps that 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed by a compressed air source and high-pressure air conveyed from a far-end interface of a compression end of a supercharger are combined and enter an air inlet channel of a combustion chamber for air supplement, the air input is instantly improved, and therefore the air-fuel ratio is improved to a normal level;
B. continuous operation of diesel engine
B1) The rotating speed of the supercharger rises, the air inlet pressure of the combustion chamber rises along with the rise of the rotating speed of the supercharger, high-pressure air output from a near-end interface of an air compression end of the supercharger is input into a lower cavity of the pneumatic actuator from a lower-end interface of the pneumatic actuator through a connecting pipeline, the air pressure in the lower cavity rises, the air pressure in the upper cavity slowly falls, and therefore a piston in the pneumatic actuator slowly moves upwards by overcoming the elastic force of the pressure spring; the pressure of the ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator on the accelerator rod of the speed regulator is gradually reduced, the limit on the accelerator rod of the speed regulator is gradually reduced, and therefore the speed regulator can output a larger accelerator;
B2) when the air inlet pressure of the diesel engine is higher than a set value, the ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator is separated from the other end of the accelerator rod of the speed regulator, the contact switch is disconnected, the electromagnet of the air supply electromagnetic valve is powered off, the valve core moves to the closing position, and air supply stops;
C. sudden increase in the working load of a diesel engine
C1) When the working load of the diesel engine is suddenly increased, the speed regulator quickly responds, the fuel injection quantity is increased, the air-fuel ratio is reduced, an accelerator rod of the speed regulator rotates anticlockwise and tilts upwards, a contact switch touches the lower end of an ejector rod of a pneumatic actuator to open, an electromagnet of an air supplementing electromagnetic valve is electrified, a valve core moves to an opening position, 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed by a compressed air source enters a combustion chamber air inlet channel from a far-end interface of a compression end of a supercharger through the air supplementing electromagnetic valve to supplement air, the air-fuel ratio is improved, and the combustion quality in an air cylinder is improved;
C2) after the diesel engine works stably, the air inlet pressure is increased, high-pressure air output by a near-end interface of an air compression end of the supercharger is input into a lower cavity of the pneumatic actuator from a lower-end interface of the pneumatic actuator through a connecting pipeline, the air pressure in the lower cavity is increased, and therefore a piston in the pneumatic actuator slowly moves upwards by overcoming the elastic force of a pressure spring; the pneumatic actuator ejector rod goes upward and is separated from the contact switch below the lower end of the pneumatic actuator ejector rod, and the contact switch is disconnected; when the electromagnet of the air supply electromagnetic valve loses power, the valve core moves to the off position, and air supply stops; to prevent excessive intake air and excessive air-fuel ratio;
D. speed regulator fault emergency stop
D1) After a parking signal is received, an electromagnet of a solenoid valve of the pneumatic actuator is electrified, a valve core moves to an opening position, and 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed by a compressed air source enters an upper cavity of the pneumatic actuator through a compressed air pipeline and an upper end port of the pneumatic actuator through the solenoid valve of the pneumatic actuator;
D2) because the air pressure of 500-800 Kpa of compressed air exceeds the pressure of 250Kpa of a lower cavity when the speed regulator works normally, the piston is pressed down rapidly, the ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator descends to press the throttle lever of the speed regulator to a zero position, so that the output of the throttle is zero, and the air-fuel ratio is infinite, so that the diesel engine is stopped; at the moment, although the contact switch is pressed down to be opened, an electromagnet signal of the air supply electromagnetic valve is shielded by a stop signal, the electromagnet of the air supply electromagnetic valve is not electrified, the valve core is kept at a closed position, 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed by a compressed air source is cut off without air supply, at the moment, oil of the diesel engine is cut off, and emergency stop is guaranteed.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for automatically limiting the air-fuel ratio of a diesel engine according to the working condition of the diesel engine, in particular to a device and an adjusting method for avoiding the faults of insufficient fuel combustion and black smoke caused by overlarge fuel injection quantity and incapability of keeping up with air input in the starting or load sudden-adding process of the diesel engine, improving the air-fuel ratio of the diesel engine to infinity in an emergency state and realizing fuel cut-off shutdown, belonging to the technical field of internal combustion engines.
Background
The air-fuel ratio a/F of a diesel engine refers to the mixing ratio of the mass of air and fuel in the mixture entering the cylinder. The air-fuel ratio is an important parameter when the diesel engine is operated, and has a great influence on exhaust emission, and the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the diesel engine. In the starting process of the diesel engine, the difference between the rated rotating speed and the actual rotating speed is large, so that the rotating speed of the diesel engine is rapidly increased, the speed regulator outputs the maximum value at the moment, the corresponding oil injection quantity of the diesel engine is maximum, and the rotating speed of the diesel engine is rapidly increased. In addition, the governor operates similarly when the diesel engine is subjected to a sudden load, but at this time, fuel excessively injected into the combustion chamber is not sufficiently combusted, and black particles are formed and discharged into the atmosphere, thereby forming strong black smoke. Not only causes harm to the environment, but also reduces the economy of the diesel engine.
In addition, when the governor fails and cannot be automatically controlled, the accelerator needs to be manually operated to stop the vehicle in an emergency. If the operation of stopping the vehicle cannot be performed in a short time due to insufficient operation experience of emergency stop of a crew, there is a risk of damaging the diesel engine or the ship.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-adaptive adjusting device and method for a diesel engine throttle, which can effectively control the problems of environment pollution caused by black smoke generated by tail gas emission when the diesel engine is started, the load is suddenly increased and the emergency stop is carried out on the premise of not influencing the speed regulation performance of the diesel engine.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a diesel engine accelerator self-adaptive adjusting device comprises a pneumatic actuator, an air supplement solenoid valve, a pneumatic actuator solenoid valve and a speed regulator accelerator rod, wherein an upper end interface of the pneumatic actuator is sequentially connected with the pneumatic actuator solenoid valve and the air supplement solenoid valve through a connecting pipeline and then connected with a far end interface of an air compression end of a supercharger, and one end of a compressed air pipeline is connected with the connecting pipeline between the pneumatic actuator solenoid valve and the air supplement solenoid valve; one end of an accelerator rod of the speed regulator is hinged with a hinged seat, and the hinged seat is fixed in the speed regulator; the lower end interface of the pneumatic actuator is connected with the near end interface of the air compression end of the supercharger through a connecting pipeline.
The object of the invention is further achieved by the following technical measures.
The pneumatic actuator comprises a shell, a pneumatic actuator ejector rod, a piston, a pressure spring, an upper guide sleeve, a lower guide sleeve, an upper end cover and a lower end cover, wherein the piston is fixed on the middle part of the pneumatic actuator ejector rod, the piston is embedded into an inner cavity of the shell, the inner cavity of the shell is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are not communicated with each other by a plurality of piston sealing rings in the radial direction of the piston, an upper end interface is communicated with the upper cavity, and a lower end interface is communicated with the lower cavity; the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively fixed on the upper end and the lower end of the shell in a sealing way; two ends of a push rod of the pneumatic actuator respectively penetrate through an upper guide sleeve in the upper end cover and a lower guide sleeve in the lower end cover, and the end head of the lower end of the push rod of the pneumatic actuator is opposite to the other end of an accelerator rod of the speed regulator; two ends of the pressure spring are respectively abutted between the lower side of the piston and the upper side of the lower end cover.
Furthermore, a counter bore is formed in the lower end of the piston, a spring core column extends upwards from the center of the lower end cover, the upper end of the pressure spring abuts against the bottom surface of the counter bore, and the lower end of the pressure spring is sleeved on the spring core column.
Furthermore, the contact switch is fixed on the upper side of the other end of the accelerator rod of the speed regulator, and the contact switch is opposite to the end head of the lower end of the ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator.
Furthermore, the air supply electromagnetic valve and the pneumatic actuator electromagnetic valve are pneumatic two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valves; the air pressure of the compressed air is 500 to 800 Kpa.
A method for adjusting a self-adaptive throttle adjusting device of a diesel engine comprises the following different steps of A, starting the diesel engine, B, continuously operating the diesel engine, C, suddenly increasing the working load of the diesel engine, D, emergently stopping the speed regulator in case of failure and under different working conditions:
A. diesel engine start-up
A1) The diesel engine is started, the speed regulator gives out a maximum accelerator, the air inflow is far less than the air required by the complete combustion of the fuel injection quantity, the air-fuel ratio is far lower than the normal level, and the fuel is incompletely combusted to form black smoke which is discharged into the atmosphere;
A2) at the moment, the solenoid valve of the pneumatic actuator receives a diesel engine starting signal, the electromagnet of the solenoid valve of the pneumatic actuator moves to the opening position for 2.5 seconds, 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed from a compressed air source outside the diesel engine through a compressed air pipeline is flushed into an upper cavity of the pneumatic actuator from an upper end port of the pneumatic actuator to push the piston to move downwards, and an ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator moves downwards along with the piston;
A3) the method comprises the following steps that a push rod of a pneumatic actuator moves downwards to press the other end of an accelerator rod of a speed regulator, so that the oil injection quantity is reduced, meanwhile, a contact switch is switched on, an electromagnet of an air supplementing electromagnetic valve is electrified, a valve core moves to an opening position, 500-800 Kpa compressed air conveyed by a compressed air source and high-pressure air conveyed from a far-end interface of an air compression end of a supercharger are combined to enter an air inlet channel of a combustion chamber for air supplementation, the air input is instantly improved, and the air-fuel ratio is improved to a normal level;
B. continuous operation of diesel engine
B1) The rotating speed of the supercharger rises, the air inlet pressure of the combustion chamber rises along with the rise of the rotating speed of the supercharger, high-pressure air output from a near-end interface of an air compression end of the supercharger is input into a lower cavity of the pneumatic actuator from a lower-end interface of the pneumatic actuator through a connecting pipeline, the air pressure in the lower cavity rises, and the air pressure in the upper cavity slowly falls, so that a piston in the pneumatic actuator slowly moves upwards by overcoming the elastic force of a pressure spring; the pressure of the ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator on the accelerator rod of the speed regulator is gradually reduced, the limit on the accelerator rod of the speed regulator is gradually reduced, and therefore the speed regulator can output a larger accelerator;
B2) when the air inlet pressure of the diesel engine is higher than a set value, the ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator is separated from the other end of the accelerator rod of the speed regulator, the contact switch is disconnected, the electromagnet of the air supply electromagnetic valve is powered off, the valve core moves to the closing position, and air supply stops;
C. sudden increase in the working load of a diesel engine
C1) When the working load of the diesel engine is suddenly increased, the speed regulator quickly responds, the fuel injection quantity is increased, the air-fuel ratio is reduced, an accelerator rod of the speed regulator rotates anticlockwise and tilts upwards, a contact switch touches the lower end of an ejector rod of a pneumatic actuator to open, an electromagnet of an air supplementing electromagnetic valve is electrified, a valve core moves to an opening position, 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed by a compressed air source enters a combustion chamber air inlet channel from a far-end interface of a compression end of a supercharger through the air supplementing electromagnetic valve to supplement air, the air-fuel ratio is improved, and the combustion quality in an air cylinder is improved;
C2) after the diesel engine works stably, the air inlet pressure is increased, high-pressure air output by a near-end interface of an air compression end of the supercharger is input into a lower cavity of the pneumatic actuator from a lower-end interface of the pneumatic actuator through a connecting pipeline, the air pressure in the lower cavity is increased, and therefore a piston in the pneumatic actuator slowly moves upwards by overcoming the elastic force of a pressure spring; the pneumatic actuator ejector rod goes upward and is separated from the contact switch below the lower end of the pneumatic actuator ejector rod, and the contact switch is disconnected; when the electromagnet of the air supply electromagnetic valve loses power, the valve core moves to the off position, and air supply stops; to prevent excessive intake air and excessive air-fuel ratio;
D. speed regulator fault emergency stop
D1) After a parking signal is received, an electromagnet of a solenoid valve of the pneumatic actuator is electrified, a valve core moves to an opening position, and 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed by a compressed air source enters an upper cavity of the pneumatic actuator through a compressed air pipeline and an upper end port of the pneumatic actuator through the solenoid valve of the pneumatic actuator;
D2) because the air pressure of 500-800 Kpa of compressed air exceeds the pressure of 250Kpa of a lower cavity when the speed regulator works normally, the piston is pressed down rapidly, the ejector rod of the pneumatic actuator descends to press the throttle lever of the speed regulator to a zero position, so that the output of the throttle is zero, and the air-fuel ratio is infinite, so that the diesel engine is stopped; at the moment, although the contact switch is pressed down to be opened, an electromagnet signal of the air supply electromagnetic valve is shielded by a stop signal, the electromagnet of the air supply electromagnetic valve is not electrified, the valve core is kept at a closed position, 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed by a compressed air source is cut off without air supply, at the moment, oil of the diesel engine is cut off, and emergency stop is guaranteed.
The device has simple structure, and the adjusting method effectively controls the problems of black smoke emission of tail gas during the starting, load sudden-load and emergency stop of the diesel engine and can carry out self-adaptive adjustment. The defect that fuel oil is not combusted fully due to the fact that fuel oil quantity of the diesel engine is too large in the starting process or the load sudden-adding process and air inflow cannot follow the air inflow is avoided, the air-fuel ratio of the diesel engine can be improved to infinity in an emergency state, oil-cut-off shutdown is achieved, the smoke value of tail gas emission is greatly reduced, and the dynamic speed regulation characteristic of the diesel engine meets the requirement of classification society standards. The unit oil consumption of the diesel engine is reduced, so that the use cost of the diesel engine is reduced.
Advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-restrictive description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a diesel engine throttle adaptive adjustment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diesel engine start-up and continuous operation, b, a sudden diesel engine workload increase and c, governor failure emergency stop conditions.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and an example of a 1225kW marine diesel-electric generator set of the type described below.
As shown in fig. 2, the self-adaptive throttle adjusting device for the diesel engine throttle of the embodiment includes a pneumatic actuator 1, an air
As shown in fig. 1, the pneumatic actuator 1 includes a
The lower end of the
The contact switch 6 is fixed on the upper side of the right end of the
As shown in fig. 2, the air make-
The working method of the invention comprises the following different steps of A, diesel engine starting, B, continuous operation of the diesel engine, C, sudden increase of the working load of the diesel engine, D, emergency stop of the speed regulator in case of failure and different working conditions:
the starting and continuous operation of the diesel engine shown as a in fig. 2 comprise two working conditions of starting the diesel engine A and continuously operating the diesel engine B.
A. Diesel engine start-up
A1) The diesel engine is started, the speed regulator gives out a maximum accelerator, the air inflow is far less than the air required by the complete combustion of the fuel injection quantity, the air-fuel ratio is far lower than the normal level, and the fuel is incompletely combusted to form black smoke which is discharged into the atmosphere.
A2) At the moment, the solenoid valve 3 of the pneumatic actuator receives a diesel engine starting signal, the electromagnet of the solenoid valve 3 of the pneumatic actuator moves to the left opening position for 2.5 seconds, 500-800 Kpa of compressed air conveyed from a
A3) The
B. Continuous operation of diesel engine
B1) As shown in b of fig. 2, the rotation speed of the supercharger increases, the intake pressure of the
B2) When the air inlet pressure of the diesel engine is higher than a set value, the
C. Sudden increase in the working load of a diesel engine
C1) When the work load of the diesel engine is suddenly increased, the speed regulator rapidly responds, the fuel injection quantity is increased, the air-fuel ratio is reduced, the
C2) After the diesel engine works stably, the intake pressure rises, the high-pressure gas output by the near-
D. Speed regulator fault emergency stop
D1) As shown in c of fig. 2, after the stop signal is received, the electromagnet of the pneumatic actuator electromagnetic valve 3 is energized, the valve core moves to the open left position, and 500-800 Kpa of compressed air delivered from the compressed
D2) Because the 500-800 Kpa air pressure of the compressed air exceeds the 250Kpa pressure of the lower cavity when the speed regulator works normally, the
Taking a certain 1225kW marine diesel generator set as an example, after the self-adaptive throttle device of the diesel engine accelerator and the working method of the self-adaptive throttle device are installed, the smoke value of a diesel engine of the diesel generator set during starting is reduced from 2.71FSN which is not provided with the self-adaptive throttle device of the diesel engine to 1.96FSN which is provided with the self-adaptive throttle device of the diesel engine accelerator, and is reduced by 28.3%. When the diesel engine workload suddenly increased from 50% to 75%, the smoke value decreased from 1.41FSN without the present invention to 0.8FSN with the present invention, by 43.3%. Greatly reduces the smoke value of the tail gas emission, improves the problem that the tail gas emission pollutes the environment, and the speed regulation characteristic of each dynamic process meets the requirements of each classification society. Under the working condition of emergency stop, 10 tests are successful, and the effect is obvious.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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