阅读说明：本技术 一种枪弹膛线表面痕迹激光检测装置 (Laser detection device for gun and bullet rifling surface traces ) 是由 李刚 沈鑫 高惠英 王翔宇 王昕� 于 2019-08-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种枪弹膛线表面痕迹激光检测装置,属于枪弹检测领域,所述的枪弹膛线表面痕迹激光检测装置包括数据测量子系统和特征提取与分析子系统两部分组成,所述的数据测量子系统由立柱、底座、圆光栅和工作台、金刚石触针测头、数字伺服聚焦式位移传感器、采集卡、计算机等组成；本发明研究弹头发射痕迹的形成。变化规律及对之进行检验既可区分发射枪种和认定射击枪支为准确侦破枪击要案提供科学依据’又可用于研究枪弹痕迹的形成机理及显微形态’进行枪弹性能分析。(The invention discloses a laser detection device for rifle surface traces of a gun and a bullet, belonging to the field of gun and bullet detection, wherein the laser detection device for rifle surface traces of a gun and a bullet comprises a data measurement subsystem and a characteristic extraction and analysis subsystem, wherein the data measurement subsystem comprises a stand column, a base, a circular grating and a workbench, a diamond contact pin measuring head, a digital servo focusing displacement sensor, an acquisition card, a computer and the like; the invention studies the formation of warhead launch marks. The change rule and the inspection thereof can distinguish the gun type and identify the gun to provide scientific basis for accurately detecting the gun strike scheme, and can be used for researching the forming mechanism and microscopic form of the bullet trace to analyze the performance of the bullet.)

1. The utility model provides a rifle bullet rifling surface trace laser detection device which characterized in that: the laser detection device for the gun and bullet rifling surface trace comprises a data measurement subsystem and a characteristic extraction and analysis subsystem, wherein the data measurement subsystem is used for quantitatively acquiring trace information of a bullet cylindrical part, and the key of the system is that how the emission trace is really and effectively reflected; the feature extraction and analysis subsystem is used for analyzing the obtained emission trace and extracting the feature parameter identification gun of the emission gun.

2. The laser detection device for the rifling surface marks of a gun and bullet according to claim 1, wherein: the data measurement subsystem is composed of a column, a base, a circular grating, a workbench, a diamond contact pin measuring head, a digital servo focusing displacement sensor, a collection card, a computer and the like.

3. The laser detection device for the rifling surface marks of a gun and bullet according to claim 1, wherein: the digital servo focusing displacement sensor adopts an improved Foucault knife edge method, the focusing performance and precision of the displacement sensor are influenced by various factors such as measuring environment, actuating mechanism and the like, and the signal frequency is higher, so that the effect of analog focusing control is poor, the focusing precision of the displacement sensor is low, the measuring speed is low, the measuring range is small, and the high-efficiency measuring requirement of bullet shape measurement cannot be met, and therefore, the digital servo control is adopted.

4. The laser detection device for the rifling surface marks of a gun and bullet according to claim 1, wherein: the sensor is calibrated by adopting a um workbench, the surface of the workbench is provided with an inclination and forms a screw rod kinematic pair with a micrometric screw, and the sensor starts to move only when 1.5V voltage is added due to the fact that the gravity of a rotor needs to be overcome; when the calibration is started, 1.5V voltage is applied to the voice coil motor, then the handwheel is rotated to enable the workbench to rise by 5um each time, then the sensor is automatically adjusted to a focus, and the digital input value of the D/A converter at the moment is recorded.

5. the laser detection device for the rifling surface marks of a gun and bullet according to claim 1, wherein: in order to ensure that the sampling control pulse generated by the circular grating is not lost, when entering a data acquisition and control subprogram, the computer sets the thread of the computer to be the highest priority, monopolizes all system resources including a CPU (central processing unit), and locks a mouse and a keyboard, so that other tasks cannot be executed.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of bullet trace detection, and particularly relates to a laser detection device for rifle surface traces of a bullet.

Background

The formation and change rules of bullet firing traces are researched and checked, so that the gun type can be distinguished, the gun firing gun can be identified, scientific basis is provided for accurately detecting the gun striking scheme, and the method can be used for researching the formation mechanism and microscopic form of bullet traces to perform bullet performance analysis.

A measuring system for bullet emission trace is developed on the basis of original contact pin type and non-contact type bullet trace detection system, and combines an inductive contact pin and a digital servo focusing type displacement sensor in the system at the same time, wherein the inductive contact pin and the digital servo focusing type displacement sensor are mutually collateral evidence, and the non-contact sensor is changed from analog servo to digital servo focusing control, so that the contact and non-contact high-efficiency measurement of bullet emission trace is realized, and the automatic measurement, extraction, analysis and identification of bullet trace characteristics are completed by a computer.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention truly records the change form of the edge of the rifling and also overcomes the defect that the difference between the bullets cannot be fully displayed due to the fact that the fine characteristics of the bullets cannot be fully recorded in digital photogrammetry.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the laser detection device for the gun and bullet rifling surface trace comprises a data measurement subsystem and a characteristic extraction and analysis subsystem, wherein the data measurement subsystem is used for quantitatively acquiring trace information' how to really and effectively reflect an emission trace of a bullet cylindrical part is the key of the system; the feature extraction and analysis subsystem comprises two parts, namely the feature extraction and analysis subsystem and the analysis subsystem analyzes the obtained emission trace, extracts the feature parameters of the gun and identifies the gun.

Preferably, the data measurement subsystem is composed of a column, a base, a circular grating and a workbench, a diamond contact pin measuring head, a digital servo focusing type displacement sensor, an acquisition card, a computer and the like.

Preferably, the digital servo focusing displacement sensor adopts an improved Foucault knife edge method, the focusing performance and precision of the digital servo focusing displacement sensor are influenced by various factors such as a measuring environment, an actuating mechanism and the like, and the signal frequency is higher, so that the effect of analog focusing control is poor, the focusing precision of the displacement sensor is low, the measuring speed is low, the measuring range is small, and the digital servo control is adopted instead for high-efficiency measurement requirements of bullet shape measurement.

Preferably, the sensor is calibrated by adopting a um workbench, the surface of the workbench is provided with an inclination and forms a screw rod kinematic pair with a micrometric screw, and the sensor starts to move only when 1.5V voltage is added due to the fact that the gravity of a rotor needs to be overcome; when the calibration is started, 1.5V voltage is applied to the voice coil motor, then the handwheel is rotated to enable the workbench to rise by 5um each time, then the sensor is automatically adjusted to a focus, and the digital input value of the D/A converter at the moment is recorded.

Preferably, in order to ensure that the sampling control pulse generated by the circular grating is not lost, when the computer enters a data acquisition and control subprogram, the computer sets the thread of the computer to be the highest priority, monopolizes all system resources including a CPU, and locks a mouse and a keyboard, so that other tasks cannot be executed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

The invention truly records the change form of the edge of the rifling and also overcomes the defect that the difference between the bullets cannot be fully displayed due to the fact that the fine characteristics of the bullets cannot be fully recorded in digital photogrammetry.

drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the development of the warhead in a spatial attitude;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the bullet;

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The measuring system consists of a data measuring subsystem and a characteristic extracting and analyzing subsystem (the former mainly comprises a column, a base, a circular grating, a workbench, a diamond contact pin measuring head, a digital servo focusing displacement sensor, a collecting card, a computer and the like), wherein the 'the key of the system is that how to really and effectively reflect the emission trace for quantitatively acquiring the trace information of the bullet cylindrical part', and the latter analyzes the acquired emission trace to extract the characteristic parameter identification gun of the emission gun.

The digital servo focusing displacement sensor adopts an improved Foucault knife edge method, the focusing performance and precision of the displacement sensor are influenced by various factors such as measuring environment, actuating mechanism and the like, and the signal frequency is higher, so that the effect of analog focusing control is poor, the focusing precision of the displacement sensor is low, the measuring speed is low, the measuring range is small, and the high-efficiency measuring requirement of bullet shape measurement cannot be met, and therefore, the digital servo control is adopted. The control does not adopt a PID operation circuit, the circuit only carries out amplification filtering A/D and D/A conversion and power amplification on a focusing signal, and other operation works are finished by a computer. Firstly, the output of two groups of photodiodes is subjected to I/V conversion, then addition operation is carried out respectively, the output is converted by a synchronous sampling A/D converter AD7861, then addition and subtraction and division operation are carried out to obtain a focusing error signal FES, a computer determines the displacement of a voice coil motor according to the size of the FES, then a driving signal is obtained through a D/A converter AD669 and a power driving circuit, and the voice coil motor is driven to drive a focusing objective lens to focus on a working surface. Since the sampling period is much smaller than the process time constant, the response speed is comparable to that of the analog servo control. After the asymmetry caused by the rounding quantization is eliminated, the steady-state error is reduced to be small, and thus the control accuracy is higher than that of the analog servo.

The FES is zero when in focus, the FES is larger than zero when in near focus, the FES is smaller than zero when out of focus, the current curve is S-shaped, the signal is characterized in that the signal is stronger near the focus, other areas are smaller or are submerged by noise signals and are inconvenient to control. Therefore, an incremental self-tuning PID control algorithm based on discrete parameter self-learning is adopted, is only related to the latest sampling values, has no cumulative effect, and can obtain better control effect through weighting treatment easily:

Where K _P is a proportionality coefficient, K _i is an integral coefficient, K _d is a differential coefficient, and e is a focus error signal.

When the focusing error signal is in the S area, the method can obtain good control effect, and has small calculated amount, high control speed and high precision. For the signals beyond the range of the S area, the signals are judged to be in the defocusing area or the far-focus area through the energy signals, and the signals are switched into P control to realize coarse servo.

The sensor is calibrated by adopting a um workbench, the surface of the workbench is provided with an inclination and forms a screw rod kinematic pair with a micrometric screw, and the sensor starts to move only when 1.5V voltage is added due to the fact that the gravity of a rotor needs to be overcome; when the calibration is started, 1.5V voltage is applied to the voice coil motor, then the handwheel is rotated to enable the workbench to rise by 5um each time, then the sensor is automatically adjusted to a focus, the digital input value of the D/A converter is recorded at the moment, and the calibration curve when the sensor rises can be obtained according to the voltage applied to the voice coil motor being + 10V. And repeating the steps to change the voltage on the voice coil motor from +10V to 1.5V, so as to obtain a calibration curve when the sensor descends. Experimental verification shows that the linear working interval of the sensor is 2V-10V.

The maximum measurement range of the system in the vertical direction is 300um, the resolution ratio is 0.1um, and the clamping time of the tested bullet is less than 5 minutes. The sampling time of each circle is not more than 1 minute. A complete description of the bullet firing marks can be given in comparison with the two-dimensional image measurement, see fig. 1 and fig. 2. The change form of the edge of the rifling is really recorded; the method also overcomes the defect that the difference between the warheads cannot be fully displayed due to the fact that the fine characteristics of the warheads cannot be fully recorded in digital photogrammetry.

although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.