阅读说明：本技术 基于二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料的防火服及制备方法 (Fireproof suit based on silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and preparation method ) 是由 黄志安 王英旺 王冠华 王起鹏 滕胜杰 高玉坤 张英华 于 2019-09-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及消防技术领域,提供了一种基于二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料的防火服及制备方法,采用新型材料纳米二氧化硅气凝胶,通过特定工艺处理同玻璃纤维复合形成二氧化硅气凝胶毡,选取丙烯酸合成树脂聚合体AE-7135酒精胶作为接着剂,利用耐高温高强型防火阻燃玻璃纤维缝纫线与表层为铝箔的陶瓷纤维布进行缝合,制成了一种新型防火隔热复合材料,并使用该复合材料制成防火服,此外,防火服内设置GPS定位芯片。本发明使用新型二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料实现了消防服防火隔热性能的大幅提升,能够为消防员防火救灾提供更安全可靠的保障。利用上述方式制作的新型防火服具有防火隔热性能优异,价格实惠,适用范围广泛的优点。(The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, and provides a fireproof suit based on a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof. The novel silicon dioxide aerogel composite material is used for greatly improving the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of the firefighter uniform, and can provide a safer and more reliable guarantee for the fire prevention and disaster relief of firefighters. The novel fireproof suit manufactured by the method has the advantages of excellent fireproof and heat-insulating performance, low price and wide application range.)

1. The fireproof suit based on the silicon dioxide aerogel composite material is characterized in that a fireproof layer of the fireproof suit sequentially comprises an aluminum foil, ceramic fiber cloth and a silicon dioxide aerogel felt from the surface to the inside; the silica aerogel felt is subjected to modification treatment by acrylic acid synthetic resin polymer AE-7135 alcohol glue; the aluminum foil, the ceramic fiber cloth and the silicon dioxide aerogel felt are combined into a whole.

2. the silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of claim 1, wherein the modification treatment is in particular: AE-7135 alcohol glue is uniformly coated on 2 side faces of the silica aerogel felt, and the silica aerogel felt can be tightly attached to the inner surface of the ceramic fiber cloth while flexibility of the silica aerogel felt is kept.

3. The silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of claim 1, wherein said aluminum foil and said ceramic fiber cloth are stacked in a single layer, or a ceramic fiber cloth with an aluminum foil surface layer is directly used.

4. The silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of claim 1, wherein a cotton cloth layer is provided as a comfort layer on the inner surface of said silica aerogel blanket.

5. The silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said aluminum foil has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.4mm, said ceramic fiber cloth has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3mm, and said silica aerogel blanket has a thickness of 4 to 6 mm.

6. The silica aerogel composite-based fire suit of claim 5, wherein said aluminum foil is 0.3mm thick, said ceramic fiber cloth is 0.2mm thick, and said silica aerogel blanket is 5mm thick.

7. The silica aerogel composite-based fire protection suit of claim 5, wherein said fire protection suit is sewn using fire-resistant and fire-retardant fiberglass sewing thread to secure the composite material, ensuring the overall structural stability and the components are not slip or dislocated.

8. The silica aerogel composite-based fireprotective clothing of claim 5, wherein a GPS positioning chip is provided in said fireprotective clothing.

9. A fire suit based on a silica aerogel composite according to claim 6, characterized in that said fire suit has a fire resistance temperature and time such as to reach: when the flame is continuously contacted with the flame of 500 ℃, the comfort critical value of 41.3 ℃ is reached after 1 min; upon continued exposure to the 1300 ℃ flame, 59.8 ℃ is reached after 1 min.

10. The method of preparing a silica aerogel composite-based fire suit according to any of claims 1 to 10, comprising:

The fireproof suit is cut and sewn in blocks according to a design drawing, a composite material consisting of aluminum foils, ceramic fiber cloth and silicon dioxide aerogel felts is divided into five plates according to the left and right sides, the back and the arms at the two sides of the body, each plate is sewn by fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads, and the threads at the joint are retracted into the fireproof suit as much as possible during sewing;

Surface treatment processing, namely sewing fireproof fluorescent cloth on the surfaces of arms at two sides and the trunk part of a body by using fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads so as to identify the position of a person in dense smoke in a fire scene, additionally arranging a fireproof zipper at the combination position of the front side of the clothes, reserving surface ceramic fiber cloth with a certain width at the outer side of the zipper, and adhering fireproof clothes at two sides of the zipper together by using a magic tape so as to play a role in protecting the zipper;

The fireproof clothing after surface treatment is internally processed, cotton cloth is cut, and then the fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber is sewn inside the fireproof clothing to serve as a comfortable layer; a built-in pocket is designed on the inner layer of the clothes, and a GPS positioning chip is implanted.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to a fireproof suit based on a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The firefighter uniform is a thermal protection garment worn by firefighters in fire scene rescue or fire fighting, is used as important protective equipment for protecting firefighters at the front line under high temperature or ultrahigh temperature, and the advantages and disadvantages of flame retardance and thermal protection directly relate to the life safety of firefighters at the front line. At present, although traditional fire-entry suit is used extensively, still there is not enough in the protection level, and the comfort level is scarce, and the cost is higher, and command dispatch system easily receives the environmental disturbance scheduling problem, consequently, the research how to improve the fire behavior of fire-entry suit, and comfort level and command precision are undoubtedly to improving the fire-fighting rescue efficiency of fire fighter, reduce casualties and loss of property and have important meaning.

The characteristics of modern conflagration to traditional fire prevention clothes quality is heavy, and is with high costs, easily receives the influence of various factors during the on-the-spot commander to lead to commander order to assign and receive the scheduling problem that hinders, and the fire prevention clothes of novel material is urgently needed, improves the rescue efficiency of putting out a fire.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a fireproof suit based on a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A fireproof suit based on a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material is characterized in that a fireproof layer of the fireproof suit sequentially comprises a surface layer, a fireproof layer and a fireproof layer, wherein the surface layer is an aluminum foil, ceramic fiber cloth and a silicon dioxide aerogel felt; the silica aerogel felt is subjected to modification treatment by acrylic acid synthetic resin polymer AE-7135 alcohol glue; the aluminum foil, the ceramic fiber cloth and the silicon dioxide aerogel felt are combined into a whole.

Further, the modification treatment specifically comprises: AE-7135 alcohol glue is uniformly coated on 2 side faces of the silica aerogel felt, and the silica aerogel felt can be tightly attached to the inner surface of the ceramic fiber cloth while flexibility of the silica aerogel felt is kept.

Furthermore, the aluminum foil and the ceramic fiber cloth are superposed in a single layer mode, or the ceramic fiber cloth with the aluminum foil is directly adopted.

Further, a cotton cloth layer is arranged on the inner surface of the silica aerogel felt to serve as a comfortable layer.

Further, the thickness of the aluminum foil is 0.2-0.4mm, the thickness of the ceramic fiber cloth is 0.1-0.3mm, and the thickness of the silicon dioxide aerogel felt is 4-6 mm.

further, the thickness of aluminium foil is 0.3mm, the thickness of ceramic fibre cloth is 0.2mm, the thickness of silica aerogel felt is 5mm.

Furthermore, when the fireproof clothing is sewn, the fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing thread is used for sewing and fixing the composite material, so that the whole structure is stable, and all components are prevented from sliding and dislocating.

Furthermore, a GPS positioning chip is arranged in the fireproof suit.

Further, the fireproof temperature and the fireproof time of the fireproof suit reach: when the flame is continuously contacted with the flame of 500 ℃, the comfort critical value of 41.3 ℃ is reached after 1 min; upon continued exposure to the 1300 ℃ flame, 59.8 ℃ is reached after 1 min.

a preparation method of the fireproof suit based on the silicon dioxide aerogel composite material comprises the following steps:

the fireproof suit is cut and sewn in blocks according to a design drawing, a composite material consisting of aluminum foils, ceramic fiber cloth and silicon dioxide aerogel felts is divided into five plates according to the left and right sides, the back and the arms at the two sides of the body, each plate is sewn by fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads, and the threads at the joint are retracted into the fireproof suit as much as possible during sewing;

Surface treatment processing, namely sewing fireproof fluorescent cloth on the surfaces of arms at two sides and the trunk part of a body by using fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing threads so as to identify the position of a person in dense smoke in a fire scene, additionally arranging a fireproof zipper at the combination position of the front side of the clothes, reserving surface ceramic fiber cloth with a certain width at the outer side of the zipper, and adhering fireproof clothes at two sides of the zipper together by using a magic tape so as to play a role in protecting the zipper;

The fireproof clothing after surface treatment is internally processed, cotton cloth is cut, and then the fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber is sewn inside the fireproof clothing to serve as a comfortable layer; a built-in pocket is designed on the inner layer of the clothes, and a GPS positioning chip is implanted.

Compared with the traditional fireproof suit, the fireproof suit has the beneficial effects that:

1. Compared with the traditional fireproof suit, the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of the novel fireproof suit is greatly improved, and experimental research shows that the continuous use temperature of the ceramic fiber cloth of the outer layer material of the novel fireproof suit can reach 1000 ℃, and the short-time use temperature can reach 1260 ℃. The fine nano-network structure of the aerogel felt of the heat insulation layer can effectively limit the propagation of local thermal excitation, and the solid thermal conductivity of the nano-network structure is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of a corresponding glassy material. The experimental examination shows that the thermal conductivity of the silica aerogel felt is lower than 0.02 w/m.K, the radiation heat conduction of the aerogel felt can be further reduced by means of doping, the thermal conductivity of the carbon-doped aerogel felt can be as low as 0.013 w/m.K at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the thermal conductivity of the aerogel felt can be reduced to 0.03 w/m.K by doping titanium dioxide at the high temperature of 800K.

2. Compared with the traditional fireproof suit, the radiation resistance of the novel fireproof suit is greatly improved, the refractive index of the aerogel is close to l, the ratio of the annihilation coefficients of infrared rays and visible light reaches more than 100, sunlight can be effectively transmitted, and infrared heat radiation of ambient temperature is prevented. Meanwhile, the aluminum foil is opaque and reflective, so that the aluminum foil is used as the surface of the novel fireproof suit, and the radiation protection performance of the fireproof suit is further enhanced.

3. Novel fire-proof suit is green more than traditional fire-proof suit, and life has obtained promoting by a wide margin. The hydrophobic rate of the aerogel nanometer heat-insulating felt of the novel fireproof suit heat-insulating layer can reach more than 99 percent, and the sedimentation failure of the material caused by water inflow can be avoided, so that the service life of the novel fireproof suit heat-insulating layer can reach more than 3 times that of the traditional material, and the service life of the novel fireproof suit heat-insulating layer can reach ten years under the condition of common strength. Experiments show that the carbon black formed by the novel fireproof suit after being burnt by flame for a long time can be directly wiped off by paper towels or wet cleaning cloth, so that the novel fireproof suit is greatly convenient to clean and recycle.

4. Compared with the traditional fireproof clothes, the novel fireproof clothes have higher cost performance and wider application range. Through the contrast research to fire-proof suit price, 97 formula fire-proof suit price is 39.60 yuan, and novel aerogel fire-proof suit is 289.04 yuan, 14 models fire-entry suit 3253.00 yuan. The novel aerogel fireproof suit has the highest cost performance and is convenient to popularize due to the consideration of comprehensive price and various aspects of performance. Besides fire scene rescue of firemen, the fire scene rescue device can be applied to various aspects such as enterprise units, hotels, markets, family houses and the like.

5. Carry on GPS positioner's novel fire-proof suit can fix a position the position of fire fighter in the scene of a fire, has higher security performance for traditional fire-proof suit. The GPS positioning chip carrying the virtual telephone module is innovatively implanted into the fireproof suit by utilizing the satellite positioning technology, so that two functions of positioning the position of a fireman in a fire scene and timely feeding back fire scene information are realized, and the two functions are not possessed by the traditional fireproof suit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing a comparison of the thermal insulation effect with and without silica aerogel.

Fig. 2 is a graph showing a comparison of the heat insulation effect without silica aerogel after the surface layer is not provided with aluminum foil.

Fig. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of the thermal insulation effect of the ceramic fiber cloth with or without the aluminum foil.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of the overall insulation effect in the multi-combination state.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects.

The research idea of the invention is as follows:

according to the research of average temperature in a fire scene, a novel material silicon dioxide aerogel felt with strong fireproof and heat insulation properties and ceramic fiber cloth with strong heat resistance and provided with an aluminum foil are selected, and in order to improve the defects of low strength and poor toughness of the aerogel felt, AE-7135 alcohol glue is used as a coating to research the thermal protection performance.

Respectively preparing ceramic fiber cloth samples with the same size; a ceramic fiber cloth sample with an aluminum foil surface layer; a ceramic fiber cloth, aerogel and alcohol glue composite sample with an aluminum foil surface layer; 97 type fireproof suit fabric sample; and respectively carrying out combustion tests, observing the temperature of the inner side of the material in the same time, determining the optimal composite mode, and determining that the composite material formed by combining 3 materials of silica aerogel felt, alcohol gel and ceramic fiber cloth with an aluminum foil on the surface layer has the best composite effect.

The application mode of GPS positioning is as follows: the GPS positioning chip carrying the virtual telephone module is innovatively implanted into the fireproof suit by utilizing the satellite positioning technology. Technical personnel track and communicate the personnel in real time outside the fire scene through a mobile phone, and two functions of positioning the position of the firemen in the fire scene and timely feeding back the information of the fire scene are realized.

Basic parameters of material

aerogel felt: the flexible heat-preservation felt is formed by compounding nano silicon dioxide aerogel serving as a main body material with glass fiber cotton or a pre-oxidized fiber felt through a special process. Its advantages are low heat conductivity, high tension and compression strength, and high fire-proof performance. The aerogel felt is a solid heat-insulating material with the lowest heat conductivity coefficient in a temperature region of about 400 ℃ at present, has the characteristics of softness, easy cutting, low density, inorganic fire resistance, overall hydrophobicity, environmental friendliness and the like, can replace traditional flexible heat-insulating materials with poor heat-insulating property, such as glass fiber products, asbestos heat-insulating felts, silicate fiber products and the like, and has the following characteristics as a heat-insulating layer of a novel fireproof suit:

1. And (3) light weight: the density of the aerogel felt material is extremely low and is only 2.75 times of the density of air; the dry pine density (500 kilograms per cubic meter) is 140 times greater than it. The aerogel felt achieves the same heat insulation effect, and the thickness of the aerogel felt is only a fraction of that of the traditional material. The heat loss is small after heat preservation, and the space utilization rate is high. And under high temperature, the performance advantages are more obvious.

2. The structural strength is high: the aerogel felt is very firm and durable, can bear pressure which is thousands of times of the self-mass, and has good tensile and compressive properties. Because the aerogel felt has better flexibility and tensile strength, the aerogel felt can resist internal stress caused by stretching when stressed and linear shrinkage when cold and hot are alternated. In addition, its thermal conductivity and refractive index are low, and its insulating ability is 39 times stronger than that of the best glass fiber.

3. Heat insulation: the fine nano-network structure of the aerogel felt effectively limits the propagation of local thermal excitation, and the solid-state thermal conductivity of the aerogel felt is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of a corresponding glassy material. The nanopores suppress the contribution of gas molecules to heat conduction. The refractive index of the aerogel is close to l, and the ratio of the annihilation coefficients of the aerogel to infrared light and visible light reaches more than 100, so that sunlight can be effectively transmitted, infrared heat radiation of ambient temperature is prevented, and the aerogel is applied to the aspects of solar energy utilization and building energy conservation. The thermal conductivity of the silica aerogel felt is lower than 0.02 w/m.K, and the radiation heat conduction of the aerogel felt can be further reduced by means of doping, the thermal conductivity of the carbon-doped aerogel at normal temperature and normal pressure can be as low as 0.013 w/m.K, the silica aerogel felt is a solid material with the lowest thermal conductivity at present, and the silica aerogel felt is expected to replace polyurethane foam to become a novel heat insulation material. The titanium dioxide is doped to enable the aerogel to become a novel high-temperature heat insulation material, and the thermal conductivity at 800K is only 0.03 w/m.K.

4. low sound velocity characteristics: air condensationFelt is an ideal acoustic delay or high temperature insulation material. The acoustic impedance variable range of the material is larger than 10³—10⁷(m²S) is an ideal acoustic resistance coupling material for an ultrasonic detector, such as a common acoustic resistance coil Zp of 1.5 × l0⁷kg/(m²s) as generators and detectors of ultrasound waves, while the acoustic resistance of air is only 400 kg/(m)²S). The preliminary experiment result shows that the density is 300kg/m³The left aerogel and the right aerogel are used as coupling materials, so that the sound intensity can be improved by 30dB, and if the aerogel felt with density gradient is adopted, higher sound intensity gain can be expected. In the aspects of environmental protection and chemical industry, the aerogel felt with the nano structure can also be used as a novel gas filtering material, and the material is different from other materials in that the pore size distribution of the material is uniform, the porosity is high, and the aerogel felt is a high-efficiency gas filtering material.

5. Waterproof, long service life: the hydrophobic rate of the aerogel nanometer heat-insulating felt can reach more than 99 percent, and the sedimentation failure of the material caused by water inflow can be avoided, so the service life of the aerogel nanometer heat-insulating felt can reach more than 3 times of that of the traditional material.

Silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) The basic properties of the aerogel blankets are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 SiO₂Basic characteristics of aerogel felt

Ceramic fiber cloth: the fabric is made by spinning yarns from ceramic fibers and organic fibers in a certain proportion and lining glass filaments (steel wires) and then weaving the yarns into cloth. The amount of the organic fibers determines the ablation rate, the variety of the organic fibers determines the flexibility of the cloth (from good to bad: viscose, terylene and paper pulp), the thickness of the glass determines the strength, and the material of the steel wires determines the corrosion resistance (from good to bad: 304 stainless steel wires, 302 stainless steel wires, 201 stainless steel wires and iron wires). The degree of twist in the spinning process determines the smoothness of the appearance of the cloth, and the number of batches determines the density of the cloth. Has the following characteristics:

1. High temperature resistance, low heat conductivity coefficient, thermal shock resistance and low heat capacity, the continuous use temperature can reach 1000 ℃, and the short-time use temperature can reach 1260 ℃.

2. The high-temperature-resistant insulating material has excellent high-temperature-resistant insulating property and long service life, and ceramic fiber cloth, belts, packing and other series products which use alkali-free glass fiber yarns as reinforcing materials have higher electrical insulating property and high-temperature electrical insulating property than glass fibers, and the breakdown voltage is 5 kV/mm.

3. Has the capability of resisting the corrosion of nonferrous metals such as molten contact aluminum, zinc and the like, and has good acid-base corrosion resistance and nonferrous metal corrosion resistance.

4. has good low-temperature and high-temperature strength, the thermal shrinkage rate (1232 ℃, 24h) is 35 percent, the aluminum oxide content is 45 to 48 percent, the organic fiber content is less than 20 percent, and the thermal conductivity (538 ℃, 8pcf) is 0.130W/m.K.

5. No toxicity, no harm, no adverse effect on environment, environmental protection and no pollution.

aluminum foil: the hot stamping material is a hot stamping material which is directly rolled into a sheet by using metal aluminum, and because the aluminum has soft texture, good ductility and silvery white luster, if the rolled sheet is pasted on offset paper by using sodium silicate and other substances to prepare an aluminum foil sheet, the aluminum foil sheet can be printed. Has the following characteristics:

(1) The surface of the aluminum foil is extremely clean and sanitary, and any bacteria or microorganisms can not grow on the surface of the aluminum foil.

(2) The aluminum foil is a nontoxic packaging material, can be directly contacted with food without any worry that can harm human health, and can be directly contacted with human skin.

(3) The aluminum foil is a tasteless and odorless packaging material and does not produce pungent odor.

(4) The aluminum foil does not have the phenomenon of grease penetration no matter at high temperature or low temperature.

(5) The aluminum foil is an opaque packaging material, which can prevent heat radiation to some extent.

(6) The aluminum foil has good plasticity and can be used for packaging products with various shapes. Can also be made into containers with various shapes at will, and is suitable for making the surface of clothes.

AE-7135 alcohol gum: the acrylic acid synthetic resin polymer has the advantages of high viscosity, stable property, pollution resistance, good weather resistance, no damage to skin, no adverse effect on plastic and iron wires, elasticity after drying, no color, wide application range, good adhesion, and better material coupling. Has the following characteristics:

1. The appearance is transparent liquid, solid content: (55. + -.2)%, viscosity: 80000-120000, it has strong adhesive force.

2. The cloth can not be corroded and dissolved. Easy coating, convenient operation, rapid drying, water resistance, and transparency after drying without affecting the beauty of the adhesive.

The softness of the cloth is not affected after the adhesive tape is stuck, and the wearing comfort can be ensured.

Fireproof flame-retardant glass fiber sewing thread: the glass fiber is made of high-temperature resistant high-strength and ultra-fine toughening glass fiber through a special process. The glass fiber high-temperature thread (high-temperature sewing thread and fireproof thread) is applied to high-temperature resistant fabric sewing, and skeleton materials such as electric insulating materials, cable fillers, winding heating wires, heating elements, heat insulating materials, sealing elements, rubber tubes, high-temperature adhesive tapes and the like.

cotton cloth: the cloth woven by cotton yarn is a general name of various cotton textiles, is used as a comfortable layer, has the characteristics of ventilation and sweat absorption, easy cleaning, no toxicity and harm and comfortable wearing, and has the advantages of light weight, comfort, softness, close fitting, excellent hygroscopicity and air permeability; the disadvantages are easy shrinkage and wrinkle, not stiff and beautiful appearance, and need to be ironed frequently when wearing. Has the following characteristics:

1. Has good moisture absorption and air permeability, comfortable wearing, soft hand feeling, soft luster and simple texture.

2. Good heat retention, good wearability, good dyeing property, bright color, complete chromatogram, but not good color fastness.

3. The alkali resistance and the acid resistance are realized, and the cross section of the fiber in the fabric can be rounded by concentrated alkali treatment, so that the luster of the fabric is improved, namely the mercerization effect.

4. The light fastness is good, but the long-term exposure causes discoloration and reduction in strength.

5. The elasticity is poor, wrinkles are easy to generate, the crease is not easy to recover, and the pure cotton fabric is easy to go moldy and deteriorate but is mothproof.