阅读说明：本技术 一种大口径三通管 (Large-diameter three-way pipe ) 是由 张厚銮 王文彦 郭庆 于 2019-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及管道连接领域,具体的说是一种大口径三通管,包括副连通管体、流量调节组件、自锁驱动机构、密封锁紧机构、紧固组件、主连通管体、连接法兰盘和安装板,副连通管体设置有两个,两个副连通管体与主连通管体之间连通设置,且两个副连通管体上靠近主连通管体的一端固定安装有流量调节组件,流量调节组件上安装有密封锁紧机构和紧固组件,两个副连通管体相远离的一端、以及主连通管体远离副连通管体的一端均固定安装有连接法兰盘,本发明由于涡轮蜗杆啮合具有良好的自锁功能,使得调节后的调节叶片能够在副连通管体内处于稳定状态,提高三通管流量控制精度,密封条牢固卡设在管道上进行防泄漏密封,提高管道与三通管安装的牢固性。(The invention relates to the field of pipeline connection, in particular to a large-diameter three-way pipe, which comprises two auxiliary communicating pipes, a flow regulating assembly, a self-locking driving mechanism, a sealing locking mechanism, a fastening assembly, a main communicating pipe, a connecting flange and a mounting plate, wherein the two auxiliary communicating pipes are communicated with the main communicating pipe, the flow regulating assembly is fixedly arranged at one end of each auxiliary communicating pipe close to the main communicating pipe, the sealing locking mechanism and the fastening assembly are arranged on the flow regulating assembly, and the connecting flange is fixedly arranged at one end of each auxiliary communicating pipe far away from the main communicating pipe and one end of each main communicating pipe far away from the auxiliary communicating pipe. The sealing strip is firmly clamped on the pipeline to prevent leakage and seal, and the installation firmness of the pipeline and the three-way pipe is improved.)

1. A large-diameter three-way pipe is characterized in that: the self-locking type flow-regulating device comprises an auxiliary communicating pipe body (1), flow regulating assemblies (2), self-locking driving mechanisms (3), sealing and locking mechanisms (4), fastening assemblies (5), a main communicating pipe body (6), connecting flange plates (7) and a mounting plate (8), wherein the number of the auxiliary communicating pipe body (1) is two, the auxiliary communicating pipe body (1) and the main communicating pipe body (6) are communicated, the flow regulating assemblies (2) are fixedly installed at the ends, close to the main communicating pipe body (6), of the auxiliary communicating pipe body (1), the sealing and locking mechanisms (4) and the fastening assemblies (5) are installed on the flow regulating assemblies (2), the connecting flange plates (7) are fixedly installed at the ends, far away from the auxiliary communicating pipe body (1), of the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies (1) and the end, far away from the auxiliary communicating pipe body (1), of the main communicating pipe body (6), and internal threads are arranged on, the main communicating pipe body (6) and the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies (1) are installed with a pipeline thread through a connecting flange plate (7), two sealing locking mechanisms (4) are installed on the connecting flange plate (7) of the auxiliary communicating pipe bodies (1), two sealing locking mechanisms (4) are arranged, and the bottoms of the sealing locking mechanisms (4) are fixed with a mounting plate (8).

2. A large bore tee as claimed in claim 1, wherein: flow control assembly (2) are including adjusting blade (21), regulation bull stick (22), regulation turbine (23) and sealed pad (26), it installs the inside at two vice intercommunication bodys (1) to adjust blade (21) rotation, the top fixed mounting of adjusting blade (21) has regulation bull stick (22), the top of vice intercommunication body (1) is passed to the one end of keeping away from adjusting blade (21) in regulation bull stick (22), fixed mounting has sealed pad (26) on vice intercommunication body (1), just the one end fixed mounting that keeps away from adjusting blade (21) in regulation bull stick (22) has regulation turbine (23), self-locking actuating mechanism (3) are installed to one side of adjusting turbine (23).

3. A large bore tee as claimed in claim 2, wherein: self-locking actuating mechanism (3) include support (31), curb plate (32), adjust worm (33), trace (34) and turning handle (35), fixed mounting has support (31) on vice intercommunication body (1) outer wall at regulation blade (21) top, it rotates the top of installing at support (31) to adjust turbine (23), fixed mounting has curb plate (32) on support (31) of adjusting turbine (23) one side, curb plate (32) are provided with two, two rotate between curb plate (32) and install regulation worm (33), the one end of adjusting worm (33) is passed through trace (34) and turning handle (35) fixed mounting, adjust worm (33) and adjust turbine (23) meshing setting.

4. A large bore tee as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sealing and locking mechanism (4) comprises a primary locking ring (41), a secondary locking ring (42), a rotating shaft (43), a supporting rod (44), locking plates (45), a limiting protrusion (46), a locking hole (47) and a locking bolt (48), wherein the primary locking ring (41) and the secondary locking ring (42) are rotatably installed through the rotating shaft (43), one side of the primary locking ring (41) and one side of the secondary locking ring (42) are sleeved on a connecting flange plate (7) of the auxiliary communication pipe body (1), the supporting rod (44) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the secondary locking ring (42), the bottom of the supporting rod (44) is fixedly installed with a mounting plate (8), the locking plates (45) are fixedly installed at one ends, far away from the rotating shaft (43), of the primary locking ring (41) and the secondary locking ring (42), the two locking plates (45) are provided, the locking holes (47) are formed in the two locking plates (45), and locking bolts (48) are arranged on the two locking plates (45).

5. A large bore tee as claimed in claim 3, wherein: fastening components (5) include depressed part (51), locking screw (52), stripper plate (53) and knob (54), depressed part (51) have been seted up to support (31) upper end of adjusting bull stick (22) relative both sides, locking screw (52) are installed to depressed part (51) internal rotation, locking screw (52) are provided with two, two the bottom of locking screw (52) all passes support (31) and with support (31) threaded mounting, two the bottom of locking screw (52) is rotated and is installed stripper plate (53), stripper plate (53) extrusion is at the top of sealed pad (26), two the one end fixed mounting that stripper plate (53) were kept away from in locking screw (52) has knob (54), knob (54) set up in depressed part (51).

6. A large bore tee as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the top fixed mounting who adjusts turbine (23) has calibrated scale (24), fixed mounting has pointer (25) on calibrated scale (24), pointer (25) and regulation blade (21) same direction set up.

7. the large-caliber three-way pipe according to claim 4, wherein: the edge of the inner wall of one side, away from the connecting flange plate (7), of the first-stage locking ring (41) and the second-stage locking ring (42) is integrally provided with a limiting protrusion (46), a clamping groove is formed among the limiting protrusion (46), the first-stage locking ring (41), the second-stage locking ring (42) and the connecting flange plate (7), and a sealing strip (49) is fixedly arranged in the clamping groove.

8. A large bore tee as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the edge of the adjusting blade (21) is provided with sealing rubber, and the surfaces of the adjusting blade (21) and the inner walls of the main communicating pipe body (6) and the auxiliary communicating pipe body (1) are sprayed with anti-corrosion layers.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of pipeline connection, in particular to a large-diameter three-way pipe.

Background

The tee joint is also called a pipe fitting tee joint or a tee pipe fitting, a tee joint and the like, and is provided with three ports, namely an inlet and two outlets; or two inlets and one outlet, and the chemical pipe fitting has T shape, Y shape, equal diameter pipe orifice and different diameter pipe orifice, is used for the convergence of three identical or different pipelines, is mainly used for changing the fluid direction, is used at the position of a main pipeline which needs a branch pipe, can be classified according to the pipe diameter, and is generally made of carbon steel, cast steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, plastic, argon leaching, pvc and other materials.

The three pipelines are connected and installed through the three-way pipe between the pipelines with three calibers, when the existing large-caliber three-way pipe is installed with the pipelines, a thread installation mode is adopted, the phenomenon of leakage is easy to exist in the thread installation, particularly when corrosive liquid is conveyed in the pipelines, and flow is controlled by adjusting blades installed in the three-way pipe, the liquid flowing impact action causes the adjusting blades to rotate on the adjusting blades, so that the adjusting blades adjusted on the flow adjusting assembly cannot be in a stable state in the communicating pipe body, and the adjusting precision is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a large-caliber three-way pipe.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a large-diameter three-way pipe comprises two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies, two flow regulating assemblies, a self-locking driving mechanism, a sealing locking mechanism, a fastening assembly, a main communicating pipe body, a connecting flange plate and a mounting plate, wherein the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies are communicated with the main communicating pipe body, the flow regulating assemblies are fixedly mounted at one ends, close to the main communicating pipe body, of the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies, the sealing locking mechanism and the fastening assembly are mounted on the flow regulating assemblies, the connecting flange plate is fixedly mounted at the end, far away from the auxiliary communicating pipe body, of the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies and the end, far away from the auxiliary communicating pipe body, of the main communicating pipe body, internal threads are arranged on the inner wall of the connecting flange plate, the main communicating pipe body and the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies are mounted with a pipeline through threads through the connecting flange plate, and the sealing locking mechanisms are mounted on the connecting flange plates, the sealing locking mechanisms are arranged in two numbers, and the bottoms of the two sealing locking mechanisms are fixed with the mounting plate.

The flow regulation assembly comprises regulation blades, a regulation rotating rod, a regulation turbine and a sealing gasket, wherein the regulation blades are rotatably installed inside two auxiliary communication pipe bodies, the top of the regulation blades is fixedly provided with the regulation rotating rod, one end of the regulation rotating rod, which is far away from the regulation blades, penetrates through the top of the auxiliary communication pipe bodies, the auxiliary communication pipe bodies are fixedly provided with the sealing gasket, the regulation rotating rod is fixedly provided with the regulation turbine, one end of the regulation rotating rod, which is far away from the regulation blades, and one side of the regulation turbine is provided with a self-locking driving mechanism.

Concretely, auto-lock actuating mechanism includes support, curb plate, regulation worm, trace and turning handle, fixed mounting has the support on the vice intercommunication body outer wall at regulation blade top, adjust the turbine and rotate the top of installing at the support, fixed mounting has the curb plate on the support of adjusting turbine one side, the curb plate is provided with two, two rotate between the curb plate and install the regulation worm, the one end of adjusting the worm is passed through trace and turning handle fixed mounting, adjust the worm and adjust the turbine meshing setting.

Specifically, sealed locking mechanism includes one-level locking ring, second grade locking ring, pivot, bracing piece, locking plate, spacing arch, locking hole and locking bolt, rotate the installation through the pivot between one-level locking ring and the second grade locking ring, just one side cover of one-level locking ring and second grade locking ring is established on the flange plate of vice intercommunication body, the bottom fixed mounting of second grade locking ring has the bracing piece, the bottom and the mounting panel fixed mounting of bracing piece, the equal fixed mounting of one end that the pivot was kept away from to one-level locking ring and second grade locking ring has the locking plate, the locking plate is provided with two, two the locking hole has all been seted up on the locking plate, two install locking bolt on the locking plate.

Specifically, fastening components includes depressed part, locking screw, stripper plate and knob, the depressed part has been seted up to the support upper end of adjusting the relative both sides of bull stick, locking screw is installed to the depressed part internal rotation, locking screw is provided with two, two locking screw's bottom all pass the support, and with support thread installation, two locking screw's bottom is rotated and is installed the stripper plate, the stripper plate extrusion is at sealed top, two of filling up the one end fixed mounting that the stripper plate was kept away from to locking screw has the knob, the knob sets up in the depressed part.

Specifically, the top fixed mounting who adjusts the turbine has the calibrated scale, fixed mounting has the pointer on the calibrated scale, the pointer sets up with the same direction of adjusting the blade.

Specifically, the edge of the inner wall of one side, away from the connecting flange plate, of the first-stage locking ring and the second-stage locking ring is integrally provided with a limiting protrusion, a clamping groove is formed among the limiting protrusion, the first-stage locking ring, the second-stage locking ring and the connecting flange plate, and a sealing strip is fixedly arranged in the clamping groove.

specifically, the edge of adjusting the blade is provided with sealing rubber, just adjusting blade surface, and main intercommunication body and vice intercommunication body inner wall and all spraying and having the anticorrosive coating.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The invention relates to a large-caliber three-way pipe, which is characterized in that a flow regulating component and a self-locking driving mechanism are arranged on an auxiliary communicating pipe body, the self-locking driving mechanism drives a regulating turbine to rotate, the rotation of the regulating turbine drives regulating blades in the auxiliary communicating pipe body to rotate through a regulating rotating rod, so that the flow rate control and regulation of the auxiliary communicating pipe body on the large-caliber three-way pipe are realized, the regulation is convenient, a regulating worm arranged on the self-locking driving mechanism is meshed with the regulating turbine, the rotation of a rotating handle drives the regulating worm to rotate between two side plates through an interlocking rod, the regulating worm rotates to drive the regulating turbine and the regulating blades to rotate, and the meshing of the turbine worm has good self-locking function, so that the regulated regulating blades can be in a stable state in the auxiliary communicating pipe body, the flow control precision of the three-way pipe is, the pointer and the adjusting blade in the auxiliary communicating pipe are arranged in the same direction, and the rotating angle of the adjusting blade is known by observing the pointer on the dial.

(2) The invention relates to a large-diameter three-way pipe, which is characterized in that after a pipeline and a connecting flange plate are installed in a threaded manner, two locking plates on a primary locking ring and a secondary locking ring are locked by locking bolts through a sealing and locking mechanism arranged on the connecting flange plate of an auxiliary communicating pipe body, one side of the primary locking ring and one side of the secondary locking ring are sleeved on the connecting flange plate, the other side of the primary locking ring and the secondary locking ring are sleeved on the pipeline, a clamping groove is formed among a limiting bulge, the primary locking ring, the secondary locking ring and the connecting flange plate, a sealing strip is fixedly arranged in the clamping groove, the sealing strip in the clamping groove is extruded by locking the primary locking ring and the secondary locking ring, so that the sealing strip is firmly clamped and installed on the pipeline for anti-leakage sealing, the installation firmness between the pipeline and the three-, make the stripper plate contradict on the sealing gasket, prevent that the sealing gasket from ageing to drop, the leakproofness is high.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-caliber three-way pipe provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow regulating assembly and a self-locking driving mechanism of a large-caliber three-way pipe provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the position A in FIG. 2 of a large-caliber three-way pipe provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-locking driving mechanism of a large-caliber three-way pipe provided by the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjusting blade of a large-caliber three-way pipe provided by the invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing and locking mechanism of a large-caliber three-way pipe provided by the invention.

In the figure: 1. the auxiliary communicating pipe body; 2. a flow regulating assembly; 21. adjusting the blades; 22. adjusting the rotating rod; 23. adjusting the turbine; 24. a dial scale; 25. a pointer; 26. a gasket; 3. a self-locking drive mechanism; 31. a support; 32. a side plate; 33. adjusting the worm; 34. a linkage rod; 35. a handle is rotated; 4. a sealing and locking mechanism; 41. a primary locking ring; 42. a secondary locking ring; 43. a rotating shaft; 44. a support bar; 45. a locking plate; 46. a limiting bulge; 47. a locking hole; 48. locking the bolt; 49. a sealing strip; 5. a fastening assembly; 51. a recessed portion; 52. locking the screw rod; 53. a pressing plate; 54. a knob; 6. a main communicating pipe body; 7. connecting a flange plate; 8. and (7) mounting the plate.

Detailed Description

in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1-6, the large-diameter three-way pipe comprises two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies 1, two flow regulating assemblies 2, a self-locking driving mechanism 3, a sealing and locking mechanism 4, a fastening assembly 5, a main communicating pipe body 6, a connecting flange 7 and a mounting plate 8, wherein the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies 1 are communicated with the main communicating pipe body 6, the flow regulating assemblies 2 are fixedly mounted at the ends, close to the main communicating pipe body 6, of the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies 1, the sealing and locking mechanism 4 and the fastening assembly 5 are mounted on the flow regulating assemblies 2, the connecting flange 7 is fixedly mounted at the ends, far away from the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies 1, of the main communicating pipe body 6 and the end, far away from the auxiliary communicating pipe body 1, of the main communicating pipe body 6, the inner wall of the connecting flange 7 is provided with internal threads, the main communicating pipe body 6 and the two auxiliary communicating pipe bodies 1 are both mounted with a pipeline through the connecting flange 7 by threads, two all install sealed locking mechanism 4 on the connection flange 7 of vice intercommunication body 1, sealed locking mechanism 4 is provided with two, two sealed locking mechanism 4's bottom is fixed with mounting panel 8.

specifically, flow control assembly 2 is including adjusting blade 21, regulation bull stick 22, regulation turbine 23 and sealed pad 26, adjusting blade 21 rotates and installs in the inside of two vice intercommunication bodys 1, the top fixed mounting of adjusting blade 21 has regulation bull stick 22, the one end that adjusting blade 21 was kept away from to regulation bull stick 22 passes the top of vice intercommunication bodys 1, fixed mounting has sealed pad 26 on the vice intercommunication body 1, just the one end fixed mounting that adjusting blade 21 was kept away from to regulation bull stick 22 has regulation turbine 23, self-locking actuating mechanism 3 is installed to one side of adjusting turbine 23, realizes that the flow rate control of vice intercommunication body 1 is adjusted on the heavy-calibre three-way pipe, and it is convenient to adjust.

Specifically, the self-locking driving mechanism 3 comprises a support 31, a side plate 32, an adjusting worm 33, a linkage rod 34 and a rotating handle 35, the support 31 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the auxiliary communicating pipe body 1 at the top of the adjusting blade 21, the adjusting worm 23 is rotatably installed at the top of the support 31, the side plate 32 is fixedly installed on the support 31 at one side of the adjusting worm 23, two side plates 32 are arranged, the adjusting worm 33 is rotatably installed between the two side plates 32, one end of the adjusting worm 33 is fixedly installed with the rotating handle 35 through the linkage rod 34, the adjusting worm 33 is meshed with the adjusting worm 23, and the worm has a good self-locking function due to meshing, so that the adjusting blade 21 adjusted on the flow adjusting assembly 2 can be in a stable state in the auxiliary communicating pipe body 1 through the self-locking driving mechanism 3, and the rotation of the adjusting blade 21 caused by liquid flow impact is avoided, the flow control precision of the three-way pipe is effectively improved.

Specifically, the sealing and locking mechanism 4 includes a first-stage locking ring 41, a second-stage locking ring 42, a rotating shaft 43, a supporting rod 44, a locking plate 45, a limiting protrusion 46, a locking hole 47 and a locking bolt 48, the first-stage locking ring 41 and the second-stage locking ring 42 are rotatably mounted through the rotating shaft 43, one side of the first-stage locking ring 41 and one side of the second-stage locking ring 42 are sleeved on the connecting flange 7 of the auxiliary communicating pipe body 1, the bottom of the second-stage locking ring 42 is fixedly provided with the supporting rod 44, the bottom of the supporting rod 44 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 8, one ends of the first-stage locking ring 41 and the second-stage locking ring 42, which are far away from the rotating shaft 43, are both fixedly provided with two locking plates 45, the two locking plates 45 are both provided with the locking hole 47, the two locking plates 45 are provided with the locking bolt 48, and one, the other side is sleeved on the pipeline, and the locking bolts 48 are used for locking and fixing the first-stage locking ring 41 and the second-stage locking ring 42, so that the firmness of installation between the pipeline and the three-way pipe is improved.

Specifically, fastening components 5 includes depressed part 51, locking screw 52, stripper plate 53 and knob 54, depressed part 51 has been seted up to the support 31 upper end of adjusting the relative both sides of bull stick 22, locking screw 52 is installed to depressed part 51 internal rotation, locking screw 52 is provided with two, two locking screw 52's bottom all passes support 31 and with support 31 threaded mounting, two locking screw 52's bottom is rotated and is installed stripper plate 53 the top of stripper plate 53 sealed 26, two the one end fixed mounting that stripper plate 53 was kept away from to locking screw 52 has knob 54, knob 54 sets up in depressed part 51, and knob 54 drive locking screw 52 moves down for stripper plate 53 contradicts on sealed 26, prevents that sealed 26 from ageing to drop, and the leakproofness is high.

Specifically, a dial 24 is fixedly mounted at the top of the adjusting turbine 23, a pointer 25 is fixedly mounted on the dial 24, the pointer 25 is arranged in the same direction as the adjusting blade 21, and the rotating angle of the adjusting blade 21 is known by observing the pointer 25 on the dial 24.

Specifically, the edges of the inner walls of the first-stage locking ring 41 and the second-stage locking ring 42, which are far away from the connecting flange 7, are integrally provided with a limiting protrusion 46, a clamping groove is formed between the limiting protrusion 46 and the first-stage locking ring 41, the second-stage locking ring 42 and the connecting flange 7, a sealing strip 49 is fixedly installed in the clamping groove, and the sealing strip 49 in the clamping groove is extruded by locking the first-stage locking ring 41 and the second-stage locking ring 42, so that the sealing strip 49 is firmly clamped and installed on the pipeline for leak-proof sealing.

Specifically, the edge of adjusting vane 21 is provided with sealing rubber, improves the wearability between adjusting vane 21 and the vice intercommunication body 1, just adjusting vane 21 surface and main intercommunication body 6 and the vice intercommunication body 1 inner wall all spray have the anticorrosion layer, and the corrosion protection nature is good.

When in use, firstly, the pipeline is inserted by the sealing and locking mechanism 4, and is in threaded installation with the pipeline through internal threads in the connecting flange plate 7, one side of the first-stage locking ring 41 and the second-stage locking ring 42 is sleeved on the connecting flange plate 7, the other side is sleeved on the pipeline, after the pipeline is in threaded installation with the connecting flange plate 7, the locking bolt 48 is installed in the locking hole 47 of the two locking plates 45, the first-stage locking ring 41 and the second-stage locking ring 42 are locked and fixed by the locking bolt 48, the limiting bulge 46, the first-stage locking ring 41, the second-stage locking ring 42 and the connecting flange plate 7 form a clamping groove, the sealing strip 49 is fixedly installed in the clamping groove, and the sealing strip 49 in the clamping groove is extruded by locking the first-stage locking ring 41 and the second-stage locking ring 42, so that the sealing strip 49 is firmly clamped and installed on the pipeline for, the rotating handle 35 is rotated, the rotation of the rotating handle 35 drives the adjusting worm 33 to rotate between the two side plates 32 at the top of the bracket 31 through the linkage rod 34, the adjusting worm 33 is rotated to drive the adjusting worm wheel 23 engaged with the adjusting worm wheel to rotate, the rotation of the adjusting worm wheel 23 drives the adjusting blade 21 in the auxiliary communicating pipe body 1 to rotate through the adjusting rotating rod 22, so that the flow rate control and adjustment of the auxiliary communicating pipe body 1 on the large-caliber three-way pipe are realized, the adjustment is convenient, the engagement of the worm wheel and the worm wheel has good self-locking function, the adjusting blade 21 adjusted on the flow adjusting component 2 can be in a stable state in the auxiliary communicating pipe body 1 through the self-locking driving mechanism 3, the rotation of the adjusting blade 21 caused by liquid flow impact is avoided, the flow control precision of the three-way pipe is effectively improved, the dial 24 and the pointer 25 which are installed on the adjusting worm wheel 23 are adjusted, and the, the rotating angle of the adjusting blade 21 is known by observing the pointer 25 on the dial 24, the fastening component 5 arranged on the flow adjusting component 2 and the knob 54 drive the locking screw 52 to move downwards, so that the extrusion plate 53 is abutted on the sealing gasket 26, the sealing gasket 26 is prevented from aging and falling off, and the sealing performance is high.

the foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the embodiments and descriptions given above are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.