阅读说明：本技术 一种加热、补水膨胀仪 (heating and water supplementing expansion instrument ) 是由 王李阳 刘建坤 冯瑞玲 刘丽 王麒 刘晓强 于 2019-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于室内土工试验技术领域,涉及一种加热、补水膨胀仪,包括：试验容器、补水机构和加热机构；在试验容器中盛装试样；本申请所述加热、补水膨胀仪通过试验容器外的加热机构和补水机构,可以测量不同温度、不同补水条件下试样的膨胀性,且加快土中部分化学反应达到终点,缩短试验时间,增加试验过程中的温湿度稳定性,以得到更可靠的试验结果。(The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor geotechnical tests, and relates to a heating and water supplementing expansion instrument, which comprises: the device comprises a test container, a water supplementing mechanism and a heating mechanism; containing a sample in a test container; this application heating, moisturizing dilatometer pass through outer heating mechanism of test container and moisturizing mechanism, can measure the expansibility of sample under different temperature, the different moisturizing conditions, and accelerate partial chemical reaction in the soil to reach the terminal point, shorten test time, increase the humiture stability in the testing process to obtain more reliable test result.)

1. a heating, moisturizing dilatometer, comprising: the device comprises a workbench (13), a test container, a measuring mechanism, a loading mechanism, a water supplementing mechanism and a heating mechanism;

The test container is arranged on the workbench (13); the loading mechanism is arranged on the test container; the measuring mechanism is arranged on the loading mechanism; the heating mechanism is arranged outside the test container; the water replenishing mechanism is communicated with the test container;

The test receptacle is used for: containing a sample (8);

the loading mechanism is used for: applying a load to the sample (8);

the measuring mechanism is used for: measuring the expansion deformation of the sample (8);

The heating mechanism is used for: heating a sample (8) in a sample container;

The water replenishing mechanism is used for: the test sample (8) in the test vessel was replenished with water.

2. The heating, hydrating dilatometer of claim 1, wherein: the heating mechanism includes: the device comprises a silicon rubber heating pad (11), a temperature controller (14), a temperature sensor (15) and a power plug;

The silicon rubber heating pad (11) is connected with the temperature controller (14) through a lead, the temperature sensor (15) is connected with the temperature controller (14) through a lead, and the power plug is connected with the temperature controller (14) through a lead; the power plug is connected with an external power supply;

silicon rubber heating pad (11) are soft square pad, cover in test container's lateral wall, silicon rubber heating pad (11) are used for: heating the test vessel;

The temperature sensor (15) is arranged in the test container, the temperature sensor (15) is used for: measuring the temperature in the test container and transmitting the temperature to a temperature controller (14);

The temperature controller (14) is used for: the heating function of the silicon rubber heating pad (11) is started or closed, and a stable heating environment is provided for the test container.

3. the heating, hydrating dilatometer of claim 1, wherein: the moisturizing mechanism includes: the water pump comprises a water tank (20), a water inlet pipe (18), a water outlet pipe (21), an air inlet pipe (16), a valve I (17), a valve II (19) and a valve III (22);

The inlet tube (18) is arranged at the upper end of the water tank (20), the second valve (19) is arranged in the inlet tube (18), and the second valve (19) is used for: controlling the addition of water to the water tank 20;

the air inlet pipe (16) is arranged above the water tank (20) and extends to a lower space in the water tank (20) through a pipeline, the first valve (17) is arranged in the air inlet pipe (16) outside the water tank (20), and the first valve (17) is used for: controlling the on-off of the air inlet pipe 16 and the external atmospheric pressure;

The water tank (20) is communicated with the test container through a water outlet pipe (21);

a third valve (22) is arranged on the water outlet pipe (21);

the third valve (22) is used for: the control water tank (20) replenishes the sample (8) in the test container.

4. the heating, hydrating dilatometer of claim 3, wherein: the water tank (20) and the air inlet pipe (16) are both made of transparent materials; the first valve (17), the second valve (19) and the third valve (22) are all ball valves.

5. the heating, hydrating dilatometer of claim 3, wherein: the test container comprises: a sample vessel (12), a limiting ring (6), a cutting ring (9), an upper permeable stone (7) and a lower permeable stone (10);

The sample vessel (12) is arranged on a boss arranged on the workbench (13) through a groove arranged at the bottom;

the sample vessel (12) is connected with the water supplementing mechanism through a water outlet pipe (21) arranged at the bottom;

the lower permeable stone (10) is arranged in a bottom groove in the sample vessel (12); a sample (8) is arranged in the cutting ring (9), and the cutting edge of the cutting ring (9) faces downwards;

The cutting ring (9) and the sample (8) are placed on the lower permeable stone (10) together;

a recess is arranged on the inner side of the lower part of the limiting ring (6), and the recess is embedded at the upper flat mouth end of the cutting ring (9);

the upper permeable stone (7) is arranged in the limiting ring (6) and is arranged above the sample (8);

the upper permeable stone (7) is used for: and the load transmitted by the loading mechanism is uniformly applied to the upper end of the test sample (8).

6. the heating, hydrating dilatometer of claim 5, wherein: the gap between the sample (8) and the inner wall of the sample vessel (12) is filled with water or sand.

7. The heating, hydrating dilatometer of claim 5, wherein: the diameter of the upper permeable stone (7), the inner diameter of the limiting ring (6) and the inner diameter of the cutting ring (9) are the same, and the upper permeable stone (7) moves up and down on the inner wall of the limiting ring (6) and the inner wall of the cutting ring (9).

8. The heating, hydrating dilatometer as recited in claim 5 or 7, wherein: the loading mechanism includes: the loading device, the loading rod (3), the metal ball and the loading plate (5);

The loading rod (3) is connected with the loading device; the upper part of the metal ball is embedded in a groove arranged at the bottom end of the loading rod (3), and the lower part of the metal ball is embedded on the upper surface of the loading plate (5);

The loading rod (3) is used for: applying a vertical load to the metal ball;

the metal ball is used for: stably transmitting the load applied by the loading rod (3) to the loading plate (5);

the loading plate (5) is arranged above the upper permeable stone (7);

The loading plate (5) is used for: the load transmitted by the metal balls is uniformly transmitted and applied to the upper permeable stone (7).

9. The thermal, hydrating dilatometer as recited in claim 8, wherein: the loading plate (5) is placed in the limiting ring (6), and the outer diameter of the loading plate (5) is the same as the diameter of the upper permeable stone (7); the metal ball is a steel ball (4).

10. the thermal, hydrating dilatometer as recited in claim 8, wherein: the measuring mechanism includes: a fixed bracket (2) and a dial indicator (1);

the fixed support (2) is arranged on the workbench (13) and on one side of the test container; the dial indicator (1) is arranged on the fixed support (2), and the telescopic end of the dial indicator (1) is in contact with the upper end of the loading rod (3);

the dial indicator (1) is used for: the expansion deformation of the sample (8) is measured.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor geotechnical tests, and relates to a heating and water supplementing system of an expansion instrument, in particular to a heating and water supplementing expansion instrument.

Background

In order to ensure the safe and rapid running of the high-speed railway train, the high-speed railway has higher requirements on the strength and the deformation stability of the roadbed. When the high-speed railway subgrade is constructed, a certain amount of cement needs to be added into part of the filling materials in the subgrade for solidification so as to improve the strength and stability of the subgrade. However, when the line passes through the area containing sulfate saline soil, sulfate in the natural foundation can enter the roadbed along with the migration of soil moisture, and reacts with cement and hydration products thereof, the generated products are different under the conditions of different temperatures, humidity, proportions and the like, and different products can be mutually converted under the change of environmental conditions, wherein the maximum ettringite phase volume expansion rate is used, and the damage to the road foundation is strongest.

When sufficient cement is added into the sulfate saline soil, sulfate ions firstly react with calcium hydroxide in the set cement to generate calcium sulfate, and then react with hydrated calcium aluminate or monosulfur hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate in the set cement to generate ettringite; if the sulfate ion concentration is high, it will continue to react with calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate in the set cement to form gypsum. The solid phase volume before and after the above reaction was increased by 2 times or more. When the system reacts to form ettringite, if the soil has enough carbonate and humidity and the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate are converted into wollastonite gypsum through a series of reactions, and the process is very slow.

however, the reaction is greatly influenced by the ambient temperature, has a slow rate, needs a long time (usually 7-14 days or more) to reach the reaction end point, is not favorable for the reproduction of the expansion process in a laboratory, and explores the expansion mechanism. When using traditional dilatometer to carry out the measurement of above-mentioned reaction expansion rate, need artifical timing water injection to fixed water level in order to guarantee that the reaction lasts, stably goes on, not only wastes time but also difficultly. According to the summary of literature research, the reaction rate can be accelerated by properly increasing the temperature, the reaction end point can be reached early, and the influence on the final expansion amount is small.

this patent application has solved above-mentioned prior art problem promptly, proposes one kind and is applicable to long-term test to have heating, moisturizing dilatometer that shortens above-mentioned experimental reaction required time effect concurrently.

Disclosure of Invention

in order to overcome the defect that the traditional geotechnical expansion instrument cannot be heated and supplemented with water, the invention provides the heating and supplementing water expansion instrument, which can provide a high and stable temperature condition and a stable water supplementing condition for a sample while an expansion test is carried out so as to ensure the stable operation of a long-term test.

A heated, water-filled dilatometer, comprising: the device comprises a workbench 13, a test container, a measuring mechanism, a loading mechanism, a water supplementing mechanism and a heating mechanism;

the test container is arranged on the workbench 13; the loading mechanism is arranged on the test container; the measuring mechanism is arranged on the loading mechanism; the heating mechanism is arranged outside the test container; the water replenishing mechanism is communicated with the test container;

the test receptacle is used for: containing a sample 8;

The loading mechanism is used for: applying a load to the sample 8;

the measuring mechanism is used for: measuring the expansion deformation of the test piece 8;

The heating mechanism is used for: heating the sample 8 in the sample container;

the water replenishing mechanism is used for: water was added to the test sample 8 in the test vessel.

on the basis of the above technical solution, the heating mechanism includes: the device comprises a silicon rubber heating pad 11, a temperature controller 14, a temperature sensor 15 and a power plug;

The silicon rubber heating pad 11 is connected with the temperature controller 14 through a lead, the temperature sensor 15 is connected with the temperature controller 14 through a lead, and the power plug is connected with the temperature controller 14 through a lead; the power plug is connected with an external power supply;

Silicon rubber heating pad 11 is soft square pad, completely cover in test container's lateral wall, silicon rubber heating pad 11 is used for: heating the test vessel;

the temperature sensor 15 is disposed in the test container, and the temperature sensor 15 is configured to: measuring the temperature in the test container and transmitting to the temperature controller 14;

the temperature controller 14 is configured to: the heating function of the silicon rubber heating pad 11 is started or closed, and a stable heating environment is provided for the test container.

the silicon rubber heating pad 11 adopted by the heating mechanism has high heating efficiency, stable output power and uniform heating, can heat the sample 8 to about 70 ℃ from room temperature at most, meets the high-temperature conditions generally related to geotechnical materials in actual engineering, can accelerate the generation of ettringite well in an ettringite expansion test, and reaches the reaction end point as soon as possible, namely, the test time is shortened while no obvious additional influence is caused on the structure of the reaction product ettringite and the sample 8.

on the basis of the above technical scheme, the water replenishing mechanism includes: a water tank 20, a water inlet pipe 18, a water outlet pipe 21, an air inlet pipe 16, a first valve 17, a second valve 19 and a third valve 22;

the water inlet pipe 18 is arranged at the upper end of the water tank 20, the second valve 19 is arranged in the water inlet pipe 18, and the second valve 19 is used for: controlling the addition of water to the water tank 20;

The intake pipe 16 is disposed above the water tank 20 and extends to a lower space inside the water tank 20 through a pipe, the valve one 17 is disposed in the intake pipe 16 outside the water tank 20, and the valve one 17 is used for: controlling the on-off of the air inlet pipe 16 and the external atmospheric pressure; when the first valve 17, the second valve 19 and the third valve 22 are opened, the air inlet pipe 16 communicates the inside of the water tank 20 with the outside atmosphere, and water can be added into the water tank 20 through the water inlet pipe 18; when the second valve 19 is closed and the first 16 and third 22 valves are opened, a siphon-like siphon is formed.

the water tank 20 is communicated with the test container through a water outlet pipe 21;

a third valve 22 is arranged on the water outlet pipe 21;

The third valve 22 is used for: the control water tank 20 replenishes the test sample 8 in the test vessel.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the water tank 20 and the air inlet pipe 16 are both made of transparent materials; the first valve 17, the second valve 19 and the third valve 22 are all ball valves.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the test container includes: a sample vessel (test vessel) 12, a limit ring 6, a cutting ring 9, an upper permeable stone 7 and a lower permeable stone 10;

the sample vessel 12 is mounted on a boss arranged on the workbench 13 through a groove arranged at the bottom so as to achieve the effect of stably fixing the sample vessel 12;

The sample vessel 12 is connected with the water supplementing mechanism through a water outlet pipe 21 arranged at the bottom, so that the purpose of supplementing water stably for a long time is achieved, and the defect that the traditional geotechnical dilatometer cannot supplement water stably due to water evaporation is overcome;

The lower permeable stone 10 is arranged in a bottom groove in the sample vessel 12; a sample 8 is arranged in the cutting ring 9, and the cutting edge of the cutting ring 9 faces downwards;

the cutting ring 9 and the sample 8 are placed on the lower permeable stone 10 together;

a recess is arranged on the inner side of the lower part of the limiting ring 6 and is embedded at the upper flat port end of the cutting ring 9, so that the purpose of limiting the sample 8 to only move and deform along the vertical direction is achieved;

go up the permeable stone 7 and install in spacing ring 6, and arrange in 8 tops of sample.

the upper permeable stone 7 is used for: the load transmitted by the loading mechanism is uniformly applied to the upper end of the test sample 8.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the gap between the sample 8 and the inner side wall of the sample vessel 12 is filled with water or sand.

When the space between the sample dish 12 and the sample 8 is filled with water or sand, the temperature sensor 15 is suspended in the filler and feeds back the actual temperature to the temperature controller 14, and the temperature controller 14 then judges whether the silicone rubber heating pad 11 needs to be electrified to heat the sample dish 12, so as to achieve the purpose of providing a stable heating environment.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the diameter of the upper permeable stone 7, the inner diameter of the limiting ring 6 and the inner diameter of the cutting ring 9 are the same, and the upper permeable stone 7 moves up and down on the inner wall of the limiting ring 6 and the inner wall of the cutting ring 9.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the loading mechanism comprises: the loading device, the loading rod 3, the metal ball and the loading plate 5;

The loading rod 3 is connected with a loading device; the upper part of the metal ball is embedded in a groove arranged at the bottom end of the loading rod 3, and the lower part of the metal ball is embedded on the upper surface of the loading plate 5;

the loading rod 3 is used for: applying a vertical load to the metal ball;

The metal ball is used for: stably transmitting the load applied by the loading rod 3 to the loading plate 5;

The loading plate 5 is arranged above the upper permeable stone 7;

The loading plate 5 is used for: the load transmitted by the metal balls is uniformly transmitted and applied to the upper permeable stone 7.

on the basis of the technical scheme, the loading plate 5 is placed in the limiting ring 6, and the outer diameter of the loading plate 5 is the same as the diameter of the upper permeable stone 7; the metal ball is a steel ball 4.

on the basis of the above technical solution, the measuring mechanism includes: a fixed bracket 2 and a dial indicator 1;

the fixed bracket 2 is arranged on the workbench 13 and at one side of the test container; the dial indicator 1 is arranged on the fixed support 2, and the telescopic end of the dial indicator 1 is in contact with the upper end of the loading rod 3;

the dial indicator 1 is used for: the expansion deformation of the test piece 8 was measured.

compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

through outer heating mechanism and the moisturizing mechanism of experimental container for sample 8's expansibility under different temperature, the different moisturizing condition can be measured to native worker's dilatometer (this application promptly heating, moisturizing dilatometer), and can accelerate the partial chemical reaction in soil to reach the terminal point, shorten experimental required time, increase the humiture stability in the testing process, in order to obtain more reliable test result, provide the basis for engineering construction and scientific research.

Drawings

The invention has the following drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic sectional structure of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. The water quality control device comprises a dial indicator, 2, a fixed support, 3, a loading rod, 4, a steel ball, 5, a loading plate, 6, a limiting ring, 7, an upper permeable stone, 8, a sample, 9, a cutting ring, 10, a lower permeable stone, 11, a silicon rubber heating pad, 12, a sample vessel, 13, a workbench, 14, a temperature controller, 15, a temperature sensor, 16, an air inlet pipe, 17, a first valve, 18, a water inlet pipe, 19, a second valve, 20, a water tank, 21, a water outlet pipe, 22 and a third valve.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described below with reference to the following examples and drawings.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of which are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

The heating and water replenishing dilatometer shown in fig. 1 comprises a workbench 13, wherein a sample vessel 12 is mounted on a boss of the workbench 13, and the sample vessel 12 can be well fixed. The lower permeable stone 10 is put in a bottom groove in the sample vessel 12, and the lower permeable stone 10 can be well fixed. A cutting ring 9 with a sample 8 is arranged right above the lower permeable stone 10. The cutting edge of the cutting ring 9 faces downwards and is opposite to the lower permeable stone 10. The flat end of the cutting ring 9 is externally embedded with a limiting ring 6, in the limiting ring 6, an upper permeable stone 7 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the sample 8, the diameter of the upper permeable stone 7 is equal to the inner diameter of the limiting ring 6 and the inner diameter of the cutting ring 9, the upper permeable stone 7 has a certain thickness and can move up and down along the inner wall of the limiting ring 6 and the inner wall of the cutting ring 9, and the upper permeable stone cannot move horizontally or move obliquely.

the loading rod 3 is connected with a loading device (loading device), the groove at the lower end of the loading rod 3 abuts against the upper part of the metal ball 4, the lower part of the metal ball 4 abuts against the loading plate 5, the loading plate 5 is placed in the limiting ring 6 and has the same diameter with the upper permeable stone 7, and the loading plate 5 is placed right above the upper permeable stone 7, so that the purpose that the load is vertically and uniformly transferred to the upper permeable stone 7 and the sample 8 through the loading rod 3 is realized.

the silicon rubber heating pad 11 is a soft square pad, and is uniformly wrapped outside the side wall of the sample vessel 12 to realize uniform heating. The temperature controller 14 is connected with the silicone rubber heating pad 11, the temperature sensor 15 and the power plug through leads respectively, when the sample vessel (test vessel) 12 is filled with water or sand, the temperature sensor 15 is suspended in the filler, the measured temperature is fed back to the temperature controller 14, and the temperature controller 14 judges whether the silicone rubber heating pad 11 needs to be electrified to heat the test vessel 12 or not, so that the purpose of providing a stable heating environment is achieved.

the upper part of the water tank 20 is respectively provided with an air inlet pipe 16, a first valve 17, a water inlet pipe 18 and a second valve 19. The water tank 20 is made of transparent material and is relatively firm. The inlet duct 16 is made of transparent material, and the height of the internal water column can be seen, the upper end of the inlet duct is communicated with the air outside the water tank 20, and the lower end of the inlet duct is communicated with the lower space in the water tank 20. The inlet pipe 16 is provided with a valve 17 at one end outside the water tank 20 for: and controlling air to enter and exit. The water inlet pipe 18 is communicated with the inner space of the water tank 20 and the outside air, and one end of the water tank 20 outside is provided with a second valve 19 which can control the water to flow in and out. A water outlet pipe 21 is installed on the side wall of the lower end of the water tank 20, one end of the water outlet pipe 21 is communicated with the inner space of the water tank 20, the other end of the water outlet pipe 21 is communicated with the inside of the test dish 12, a valve III 22 is installed at one end outside the water tank 20, and the water tank 20 can be controlled to supplement water into the test dish 12.

The fixed bracket 2 is mounted on the table 13 and cannot move. The dial indicator 1 is arranged on the fixed support 2 and cannot move after being arranged. The lower telescopic end of the dial indicator 1 is abutted against the loading rod 3, and the vertical movement of the dial indicator can be measured.

before the test, according to the above description, the test container is mounted on a workbench 13, a lower permeable stone 10, a cutting ring 9 with a sample 8, a limiting ring 6 and an upper permeable stone 7 are sequentially placed according to positions, and the positions of a loading rod 3, a metal ball, a loading plate 5 and the upper permeable stone 7 are adjusted to be in close contact; after the position and the angle of the dial indicator 1 are adjusted, the dial indicator is fixed on the fixed support 2. The silicone rubber heating pad 11 is closely attached to and covers the outside of the side wall of the test dish 12, and the gap between the sample 8 and the side wall in the test dish 12 is filled with water or sand.

valve three 22 is closed and valves one 17 and two 19 are opened to fill the water tank 20 with sufficient water from the water inlet pipe 18. After sufficient water is injected, air is sucked outwards from the water inlet pipe 18, so that the water level in the air inlet pipe 16 is reduced to a specified height, and then the second valve 19 is closed. The specific description is as follows:

Before the swelling test begins, water needs to be injected into the sample vessel 12, and the sample 8 absorbs water or swells under a constant humidity condition. Generally, the water level in the sample vessel 12 should be higher than the top surface of the sample 8 by about 5 mm. In a long-term test, particularly in a heated state, since moisture in the sample well 12 is evaporated much, it is necessary to constantly and stably supply moisture from the makrein (i.e., the water tank 20 in the present application) of the water replenishing mechanism to the sample well so as to keep the water level in the sample well 12 constant. The specific operation is that firstly, a valve II 19 and a valve I17 are opened, a valve III 22 is closed, water is filled into a water tank 20 through a water inlet pipe 18, and the water surface outside an air inlet pipe 16 is enabled to be submerged at the lower end of the air inlet pipe 16; then, air is drawn outwards from the water inlet pipe 18, so that the air pressure in the water tank 20 is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, and the water level in the air inlet pipe 16 is lower than the water level in the water tank; when the water level in the air inlet pipe 16 is basically adjusted to be about 5mm higher than the top surface of the sample 8, stopping air suction, and closing a second valve 19; then, the first valve 17 is kept open, the third valve 22 is opened, and the water in the water tank 20 is replenished into the sample vessel 12, and the water level in the air inlet pipe 16 is communicated with the water level in the sample vessel 12 and is always flush with the water level according to the principle of a communicating vessel. Thus, the water level in the inlet pipe 16, and thus the sample vessel 12, may be adjusted by the above-described operation. And during the period of water replenishing of the Mariotte bottle, the second valve 19 is in a closed state, the first valve 17 and the third valve 22 are in an open state, and as long as the water level outside the air inlet pipe 16 is not lower than the lower end of the air inlet pipe 16, the water level in the air inlet pipe 16 cannot change, so that the stable water replenishing of the sample vessel 12 can be ensured.

When the test is started, the valve III 22 is opened, the temperature controller 14 is powered on, the target temperature is set, the loading device applies load to the loading rod 3, and the reading of the dial indicator 1 is started to be read at regular time.

it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention.

those not described in detail in this specification are within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.