阅读说明：本技术 一种用于超视距无线通信的平面角分集天线 (Plane angle diversity antenna for beyond-line-of-sight wireless communication ) 是由 梅立荣 李阳 郎磊 褚素杰 孙柏昶 张涛 周玉琪 于 2019-09-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于超视距无线通信的平面角分集天线,属于无线通信和天线技术领域。其包括M个天线子阵面、M个一分二功分器、2M个数控衰减器、2M数字移相器、第一幅相控制模块、第二幅相控制模块、2个一分M功分器、2个大功率收发信机、第一角分集波束处理电路、第二角分集波束处理电路以及角分集调制解调器。本发明天线可根据使用需求进行模块化组装,角分集倍率根据实际使用条件进行灵活调整,极大地提高了角分集天线系统的使用灵活性,即可以减轻设备体积和重量,在一定程度上也可降低系统成本,还可以进一步提升超视距无线通信系统性能,拓展了超视距无线通信产品的应用范围。(The invention discloses a plane angle diversity antenna for beyond-the-horizon wireless communication, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas. The antenna comprises M antenna sub-array planes, M one-to-two power dividers, 2M digital attenuators, 2M digital phase shifters, a first amplitude-phase control module, a second amplitude-phase control module, 2 one-to-M power dividers, 2 high-power transceivers, a first angle diversity beam processing circuit, a second angle diversity beam processing circuit and an angle diversity modem. The antenna can be assembled in a modularized mode according to use requirements, the angle diversity multiplying power can be adjusted flexibly according to actual use conditions, the use flexibility of an angle diversity antenna system is greatly improved, the size and the weight of equipment can be reduced, the system cost can be reduced to a certain extent, the performance of a beyond-visual-range wireless communication system can be further improved, and the application range of beyond-visual-range wireless communication products is expanded.)

1. A planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communications, characterized by: the antenna comprises a grid framework, M planar antenna sub-arrays (3), M one-to-two power dividers (4), 2 multiplied by M digital attenuators (5), 2 multiplied by M digital phase shifters (6), a first amplitude and phase control module (7) for forming the direction of a first angular diversity beam (1), a second amplitude and phase control module (8) for forming the direction of a second angular diversity beam (2), 2 one-to-M power dividers (9), 2 high-power transceivers (10), a first angular diversity beam processing circuit (11), a second angular diversity beam processing circuit (12) and an angular diversity modem (13);

The M planar antenna sub-array surfaces (3) form an array antenna (14) through rectangular arrangement, each planar antenna sub-array surface (3) is formed by a plurality of rectangular gap waveguide antenna unit arrays, the planar antenna sub-array surfaces (3) are of a rectangular flat antenna structure, and feed ports of the planar antenna sub-array surfaces are located on the back of an antenna radiation opening surface and are located at the geometric center of the rectangular flat antenna; the one-to-two power divider (4) is a rectangular module arranged on the back of the planar antenna sub-array surface (3), a combining port of the one-to-two power divider (4) is connected with a feed port of the planar antenna sub-array surface, two branch ports of the one-to-two power divider (4) are respectively connected with two numerical control attenuators (5) at the rear end, and the numerical control attenuators (5) are connected with a digital phase shifter (6) at the rear end; the numerical control attenuator (5) and the digital phase shifter (6) are rectangular modules; the planar antenna subarray is fixed in each grid of the grid frame;

the first amplitude and phase control module (7), the second amplitude and phase control module (8), the first angle diversity beam processing circuit (11) and the second angle diversity beam processing circuit (12) are all FPGA modules;

when receiving signals, electromagnetic wave signals from the space are received through the planar antenna sub-array surface (3), the received signals are transmitted to a one-to-two power divider (4) at the rear end, the one-to-two power divider (4) divides the signals into two paths, wherein the signals of a first branch are transmitted to a numerical control attenuator (5) at the rear end, and the signals are subjected to amplitude control through the numerical control attenuator (5) and then transmitted to a digital phase shifter (6) at the rear end for phase shifting; the amplitude of the numerical control attenuator (5) in the first branch and the phase of the digital phase shifter (6) are controlled by a first amplitude-phase control module (7) according to the pointing requirement of the first angular diversity wave beam (1); the signal of the second branch is sent to a numerical control attenuator (5) at the rear end, and the signal is subjected to amplitude control through the numerical control attenuator (5) and then is transmitted to a digital phase shifter (6) at the rear end for phase shifting; the amplitude of the numerical control attenuator (5) in the second branch and the phase of the digital phase shifter (6) are controlled by a second amplitude-phase control module (8) according to the pointing requirement of the second angle diversity beam (2); the signals of the M first branches after amplitude and phase shift processing are sent to one M power divider (9) at the rear end for synthesis, and the signals of the M second branches after amplitude and phase shift processing are sent to the other M power divider (9) at the rear end for synthesis; the synthesized two paths of signals are respectively sent to a receiving branch of a corresponding high-power transceiver (10) for amplification processing, then are respectively processed by a first angle diversity beam processing circuit (11) and a second angle diversity beam processing circuit (12), and finally, the two paths of signals are sent to an angle diversity modem (13) at the rear end for demodulation processing to complete communication demodulation;

When a signal is transmitted, a modulation signal from an angle diversity modem (13) is transmitted by a first angle diversity beam processing circuit (11) and a second angle diversity beam processing circuit (12) respectively, then the signal is sent to a transmitting branch of a corresponding high-power transceiver (10) for amplification processing, the amplified signal is sent to a one-M power divider (9) at the respective rear end for power division, the one-M power divider (9) divides the signal into M paths, and the M paths are respectively sent to M first branches or M second branches at the rear end, so that the signal is processed by a digital phase shifter (6) and a numerical control attenuator (5) at the rear end, the phase of the digital phase shifter (6) in the first branch and the amplitude of the numerical control attenuator (5) are controlled by a first amplitude-phase control module (7) according to the pointing requirement of a first angle diversity beam (1), the phase of the digital phase shifter (6) in the second branch and the amplitude of the numerical control attenuator (5) are controlled by a second amplitude-phase control module (8) Controlling according to the pointing requirement of the second angle diversity beam (2); m first branches and M second branches pair pairwise, two signals in each pair are sent to a one-to-two power divider (4) at the rear end, the signals are sent to corresponding plane antenna sub-array planes (3) after being synthesized by the one-to-two power divider (4), and the signals are transmitted to the space through the plane antenna sub-array planes (3).

2. A planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the included angle theta between the first angle diversity beam (1) and the second angle diversity beam (2) meets the beam width relation of 0.75-1 times.

3. A planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first amplitude control module (7) controls the pointing direction of the first angle diversity beam (1) in the direction of 0 degrees of the normal line of the array surface, and the second amplitude control module (8) controls the pointing direction of the second angle diversity beam (2) in the direction of 0.75-1 beam width deviating from the direction of 0 degrees of the normal line of the array surface.

4. a planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first amplitude and phase control module (7) controls the direction of the first angle diversity wave beam (1) in a deviation arrayIn the direction of 0 ° to the surface normalIn the direction of the beam width, the second amplitude and phase control module (8) controls the pointing direction of the second angular diversity beam (2) to be 0 degrees away from the normal of the wavefrontthe width direction of the beam is multiplied.

5. A planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phase adjustment of the digital phase shifter (6) to either the first (1) or second (2) angle diversity beams follows the following relationship:

，

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,For the adjusted phase difference, d is the spacing between the planar antenna sub-fronts (3) and λ is the signal wavelength of the first or second angular diversity beam.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas, and particularly relates to a plane angle diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication.

Background

Over-the-horizon wireless communication, because the channel is a kind of diffusion fading channel, the received signal has severe fading, and in order to combat the fading of the communication system, the signal reception is usually performed by adopting a diversity method. The common and practical means is space diversity, and the space diversity is adopted to resist the fading special effect of the over-the-horizon wireless communication system, so that the space diversity has a good effect, but the number of the required antennas is large, the size is large, and the light weight and the mobility of communication equipment are not facilitated to be improved. The communication equipment adopting the angle diversity antenna can realize the performance of two or more antennas by using one antenna, thereby not only reducing the volume and the weight of the equipment, but also reducing the system cost to a certain extent.

At present, the traditional angle diversity antenna is realized by designing the structural form of an angle diversity feed source through a parabolic antenna, and the multiplying power of the angle diversity feed source cannot be adjusted in subsequent use after being determined, so that the performance debugging is difficult. In addition, the parabolic antenna feed source supporting structure is long, the collection height of the antenna during loading is high, the antenna is inconvenient to use, and the use scene of the antenna is greatly limited.

Disclosure of Invention

in view of the above, the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication, where the angular diversity magnification of the antenna can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual use conditions, so as to greatly improve the use flexibility of an angular diversity antenna system and further improve the performance of the over-the-horizon wireless communication system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

A plane angle diversity antenna for wireless communication over the horizon comprises a grid framework, M plane antenna sub-arrays 3, M one-to-two power dividers 4, 2 xM digital attenuators 5, 2 xM digital phase shifters 6, a first amplitude and phase control module 7 for forming the direction of a first angle diversity beam 1, a second amplitude and phase control module 8 for forming the direction of a second angle diversity beam 2, 2 one-to-M power dividers 9, 2 high-power transceivers 10, a first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11, a second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12 and an angle diversity modem 13;

The M planar antenna sub-array surfaces 3 form an array antenna 14 through rectangular arrangement, each planar antenna sub-array surface 3 is formed by a plurality of rectangular arrangement gap waveguide antenna unit arrays, the planar antenna sub-array surface 3 is a rectangular flat antenna structure, and a feed port of the planar antenna sub-array surface is positioned on the back surface of an antenna radiation opening surface and positioned at the geometric center of the rectangular flat antenna; the one-to-two power divider 4 is a rectangular module installed on the back of the planar antenna sub-array surface 3, a combining port of the one-to-two power divider 4 is connected with a feed port of the planar antenna sub-array surface, two branch ports of the one-to-two power divider 4 are respectively connected with two numerical control attenuators 5 at the rear end, and the numerical control attenuators 5 are connected with a digital phase shifter 6 at the rear end; the numerical control attenuator 5 and the digital phase shifter 6 are rectangular modules; the planar antenna subarray is fixed in each grid of the grid frame;

The first amplitude and phase control module 7, the second amplitude and phase control module 8, the first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11 and the second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12 are all FPGA modules;

When receiving signals, electromagnetic wave signals from the space are received through the planar antenna sub-array surface 3, the received signals are transmitted to the one-to-two power divider 4 at the rear end, the one-to-two power divider 4 divides the signals into two paths, wherein the signals of the first branch are transmitted to the numerical control attenuator 5 at the rear end, and the signals are subjected to amplitude control through the numerical control attenuator 5 and then transmitted to the digital phase shifter 6 at the rear end for phase shifting; the amplitude of the numerical control attenuator 5 in the first branch and the phase of the digital phase shifter 6 are controlled by a first amplitude-phase control module 7 according to the pointing requirement of the first angular diversity wave beam 1; the signal of the second branch is sent to the numerical control attenuator 5 at the rear end, and the signal is subjected to amplitude control through the numerical control attenuator 5 and then is transmitted to the digital phase shifter 6 at the rear end for phase shifting processing; the amplitude of the numerical control attenuator 5 in the second branch and the phase of the digital phase shifter 6 are both controlled by a second amplitude-phase control module 8 according to the pointing requirement of the second angle diversity beam 2; the signals of the M first branches after amplitude and phase shift processing are sent to one M power divider 9 at the rear end for synthesis, and the signals of the M second branches after amplitude and phase shift processing are sent to the other M power divider 9 at the rear end for synthesis; the synthesized two paths of signals are respectively sent to a receiving branch of a corresponding high-power transceiver 10 for amplification processing, then are respectively processed by a first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11 and a second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12, and finally, the two paths of signals are sent to an angle diversity modem 13 at the rear end for demodulation processing to complete communication demodulation;

when transmitting signals, the modulation signals from the angle diversity modem 13 are respectively transmitted and processed by the first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11 and the second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12, the signals are respectively sent to the transmitting branches of the corresponding high-power transceivers 10 for amplification processing, the amplified signals are sent to the M power dividers 9 at the respective rear ends for power division, the M power dividers 9 divide the signals into M paths and respectively send the M paths of signals to the M first branches or M second branches at the rear ends, the phase of the digital phase shifter 6 and the amplitude of the numerical control attenuator 5 in the first branch are controlled by a first amplitude and phase control module 7 according to the pointing requirement of the first angle diversity beam 1, and the phase of the digital phase shifter 6 and the amplitude of the numerical control attenuator 5 in the second branch are controlled by a second amplitude and phase control module 8 according to the pointing requirement of the second angle diversity beam 2; the M first branches and the M second branches are paired pairwise, two signals in each pair are sent to a one-to-two power divider 4 at the rear end, are synthesized by the one-to-two power divider 4 and then are sent to corresponding planar antenna sub-array planes 3, and the signals are transmitted to the space through the planar antenna sub-array planes 3.

Furthermore, the included angle theta between the first angle diversity beam 1 and the second angle diversity beam 2 satisfies the beam width relationship of 0.75-1 times.

Further, the first amplitude and phase control module 7 controls the pointing direction of the first angle diversity beam 1 to be in the direction of 0 ° from the normal of the wavefront, and the second amplitude and phase control module 8 controls the pointing direction of the second angle diversity beam 2 to be in the direction of 0.75-1 beam width deviating from the direction of 0 ° from the normal of the wavefront.

further, the first amplitude and phase control module 7 controls the pointing direction of the first angular diversity beam 1 in the direction of 0 degrees deviated from the normal of the wavefrontThe second amplitude and phase control module 8 controls the pointing direction of the second angular diversity beam 2 in the direction of 0 degrees deviated from the normal of the wavefrontthe width direction of the beam is multiplied.

Further, the phase adjustment of the digital phase shifter 6 to the first or second angularly diverse beam 1, 2 each follows the following relationship:

，

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,For the adjusted phase difference, d is the spacing between the planar antenna sub-fronts 3 and λ is the signal wavelength of the first or second angular diversity beam.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The angle diversity multiplying power of the antenna can be flexibly adjusted, the use flexibility of an angle diversity antenna system is greatly improved, and the performance of a beyond-the-horizon wireless communication system is further improved.

2. The antenna can be realized by adopting a planar modular design mode, can be assembled in a modular mode according to the use requirement, and can reduce the height of loading and storing.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a planar angular diversity antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the entire antenna array of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one sub-array in fig. 2.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.

as shown in fig. 1, a planar angle diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication includes M antenna sub-arrays 3, M one-to-two power splitters 4, 2 × M digital attenuators 5, 2 × M digital phase shifters 6, a first amplitude and phase control module 7 required for forming a first angle diversity beam directivity, a second amplitude and phase control module 8 required for forming a second angle diversity beam directivity, 2 one-to-M power splitters 9, 2 high-power transceivers 10, a first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11, a second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12, and an angle diversity modem 13; the planar angle diversity antenna 14 consists of M sub-array planes 3, the number of M is determined by the array plane gain required by the system, and flexible assembly can be carried out; the sub-array 3 is formed by a 16 × 16-scale gap waveguide antenna unit array.

The planar angle diversity antenna 14 and the sub-array 3 are made of light metal materials.

wherein said flat surfaceIn order to achieve a higher antenna gain (greater than 44 dBi) and a better angle diversity effect of the planar angle diversity antenna 14, the included angle θ between the first angle diversity antenna beam 1 and the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 formed by the planar angle diversity antenna 14 is required to satisfybeam width of multiples relation, i.e., θ_3dBIs the beamwidth of the antenna beam.

In order to achieve a better angle diversity effect of the planar angle diversity antenna 14, the first angle diversity antenna beam 1 and the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 meeting the angle diversity requirement can be formed in the horizontal (azimuth) direction and the vertical (elevation) direction of the array plane of the planar angle diversity antenna 14.

wherein the included angle theta between the first angle diversity antenna beam 1 and the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 satisfiesThe beam width relationship of the multiples can be achieved in two ways. The first way is to steer the first angle diversity antenna beam 1 in the direction of 0 deg. from the normal to the array plane and the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 in the direction of 0 deg. from the normal to the array planeDirection; the second way is to steer the first angularly diverse antenna beam 1 in the direction of 0 ° to the normal to the wavefrontDirecting the second angle-diversity antenna beam 2 in a direction 0 deg. from the normal to the wavefrontAnd (4) direction.

Wherein, the first angular diversity antenna beam 1 consists of M antenna sub-arrays 3, M one-to-two power dividers 4 and M antennasThe digital controlled attenuator 5, the M digital phase shifters 6, the first amplitude-phase control module 7, the M power divider 9, the high-power transceiver 10 and the first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11. The amplitude of the M digital attenuators 5 and the phase of the M digital phase shifters 6 are adjusted by controlling the first amplitude-phase control module 7The relationship is adjusted and finally the pointing directions of the first angular diversity beams meeting the angular diversity relationship are synthesized on the array surface.

the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 is formed by the combined action of M antenna sub-arrays 3, M one-to-two power dividers 4, M digital attenuators 5, M digital phase shifters 6, a second amplitude-phase control module 8, one-to-M power divider 9, a high-power transceiver 10 and a second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12. Specifically, according to the relationship between the beam width and the beam angle required for forming the angle diversity performance, the amplitude of the M digital attenuators 5 and the phase of the M digital phase shifters 6 are adjusted by controlling the second amplitude and phase control module 8, and the adjustment can be performed according to the relationshipThe relationship is adjusted and finally the pointing directions of the second angular diversity beams satisfying the angular diversity relationship are synthesized on the wavefront.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a planar angular diversity antenna array; the antenna array consists of 4 × 4 sub-arrays. The planar angular diversity antenna array 14 is made of lightweight metal. The light metal antenna array can reduce the weight of the antenna and increase the structural strength of the antenna.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sub-array structure. The sub-array is formed by a 16 × 16-scale gap waveguide antenna element array. The sub-array surface 3 is made of light metal material.

In the above embodiment, the gains of the first angle diversity antenna beam 1 and the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 are greater than 44dBi, and the beam width is about 0.9 °, so that the over-the-horizon wireless communication system can implement wireless communication on the order of hundred kilometers.

in a word, the plane angle diversity antenna of the over-the-horizon wireless communication can be realized by adopting a plane modular design mode, can be assembled in a modular mode according to use requirements, has the advantages of low loading and storing height, flexible adjustment of angle diversity multiplying power and the like, and greatly improves the use flexibility of an angle diversity antenna system. The invention can reduce the volume and the weight of equipment, reduce the system cost to a certain extent, further improve the performance of the over-the-horizon wireless communication system, expand the application range of over-the-horizon wireless communication products and is an important improvement on the prior art.