阅读说明：本技术 一种时间分辨电荷抽取和离子迁移的检测装置及方法 (Detection device and method for time-resolved charge extraction and ion migration ) 是由 艾希成 秦玉军 袁帅 郭艳如 于 2019-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种时间分辨电荷抽取和离子迁移的检测装置及方法,其特征在于,包括激光器、示波器、可调制开关、电阻箱、数字脉冲发生器和计算机；所述激光器固定设置在待测钙钛矿太阳能电池的上方,所述待测钙钛矿太阳能电池的正极分别连接所述示波器的正极以及所述可调制开关和电阻箱的输入端,所述待测钙钛矿太阳能电池的负极分别连接所述示波器的负极以及所述可调制开关和电阻箱的输出端；所述数字脉冲发生器的信号输出端分别连接所述激光器、示波器和可调制开关的触发端；所述计算机分别连接所述激光器、电阻箱和数字脉冲发生器的信号端,本发明可以广泛应用于太阳能电池技术领域中。(The invention relates to a detection device and a detection method for time-resolved charge extraction and ion migration, which are characterized by comprising a laser, an oscilloscope, a modulatable switch, a resistance box, a digital pulse generator and a computer, wherein the oscilloscope is connected with the computer; the laser is fixedly arranged above the perovskite solar cell to be detected, the anode of the perovskite solar cell to be detected is respectively connected with the anode of the oscilloscope and the input ends of the modulatable switch and the resistance box, and the cathode of the perovskite solar cell to be detected is respectively connected with the cathode of the oscilloscope and the output ends of the modulatable switch and the resistance box; the signal output end of the digital pulse generator is respectively connected with the laser, the oscilloscope and the trigger end of the modulatable switch; the computer is respectively connected with the laser, the resistance box and the signal end of the digital pulse generator, and the invention can be widely applied to the technical field of solar cells.)

1. A detection device for time-resolved charge extraction and ion migration is characterized by comprising a laser, an oscilloscope, a modulatable switch, a resistance box, a digital pulse generator and a computer;

The laser is fixedly arranged above the perovskite solar cell to be detected; the anode of the perovskite solar cell to be tested is respectively connected with the anode of the oscilloscope and the input ends of the modulatable switch and the resistance box, and the cathode of the perovskite solar cell to be tested is respectively connected with the cathode of the oscilloscope and the output ends of the modulatable switch and the resistance box;

The signal output end of the digital pulse generator is respectively connected with the laser, the oscilloscope and the trigger end of the modulatable switch;

and the computer is respectively connected with the laser, the resistance box and the signal end of the digital pulse generator.

2. A time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility detection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said digital pulse generator comprises 4 time points, A, B, C and D respectively, arranged to:

Wherein T represents the instrument response time, and delay1, delay2, delay3, and delay4 each represent a time delay;

digital pulse generator's signal output part includes A signal output part, B signal output part, A ^ B signal output part, C signal output part, D signal output part and C ^ D signal output part, wherein, A ^ B signal output part connects the trigger end of laser instrument, C signal output part connects the trigger end of oscilloscope, C ^ D signal output part connects the trigger end of modulatable switch.

3. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the two ports of the modulatable switch are 50 Ω and 1M Ω, respectively.

4. A time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility detection apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the response time of the modulatable switch is 4 ns.

5. A time resolved charge extraction and ion mobility detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the resistance of said resistance box is in the range of 0.1 to 22 Μ Ω.

6. A method for time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility detection, comprising:

1) Under an open-circuit state, performing charge extraction and ion migration measurement on the perovskite solar cell to be measured to obtain first voltage recovery data and second voltage recovery data under different photovoltages;

2) Under the working state, performing charge extraction and ion migration measurement on the perovskite solar cell to be measured to obtain first voltage recovery data and second voltage recovery data under different working voltages;

3) And respectively obtaining the ion migration state in the perovskite solar cell to be detected under different photoelectric voltages and working voltages according to the first voltage recovery data and the second voltage recovery data under different photoelectric voltages and different working voltages.

7. the method of claim 6, wherein the ion mobility state comprises charge amount, mobility direction and mobility time of the mobile ions.

8. the method for time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility detection according to claim 6, wherein the specific process of step 1) is as follows:

1.1) adjusting the resistance box to be in an open circuit state, and starting a laser;

1.2) adjusting the light intensity of the laser to illuminate the perovskite solar cell to be detected, so that the perovskite solar cell to be detected is stabilized at a certain photoelectric voltage;

1.3) at t₁At the moment, the laser is turned off, the modulatable switch is switched to a short-circuit state, at the moment, all photo-generated carriers in the perovskite solar cell to be tested are extracted into a circuit, and charge extraction data are recorded through an oscilloscope;

1.4) at t₂at the moment, the modulatable switch is switched to be in an open-circuit state, the voltage starts to recover, voltage recovery data at the moment are recorded through an oscilloscope and recorded as first voltage recovery data under the photovoltaic voltage;

1.5) recording t by oscilloscope₂The maximum voltage recovery data after the moment is recorded as second voltage recovery data under the photovoltaic voltage;

1.6) changing the light intensity of the laser, entering step 1.2) and measuring charge extraction data under different photovoltages.

9. The method for time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility detection according to claim 8, wherein the specific process of step 2) is as follows:

2.1) starting a laser;

2.2) adjusting the light intensity of the laser to illuminate the perovskite solar cell to be detected, so that the perovskite solar cell to be detected is stabilized under an open-circuit photoelectric voltage;

2.3) at t₁adjusting the resistance value of the resistance box at any moment to stabilize the perovskite solar cell to be tested at a certain working voltage;

2.4) at t₂at the moment, the laser is turned off, the modulatable switch is switched to a short-circuit state, at the moment, all photo-generated carriers in the perovskite solar cell to be tested are extracted into a circuit, and charge extraction data are recorded through an oscilloscope;

2.5) at t₃At the moment, the modulatable switch is switched to an open-circuit state, voltage reply data at the moment are recorded through an oscilloscope and recorded as first voltage reply data under the working voltage;

2.6) recording t by oscilloscope₃the maximum voltage recovery data after the moment is recorded as second voltage recovery data under the working voltage;

2.7) changing the resistance value of the resistance box, and entering the step 2.3) and measuring the charge extraction data under different working voltages.

10. The method for detecting time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility according to claim 9, wherein the specific process of step 3) is as follows:

3.1) integrating the charge extraction data collected by the oscilloscope to obtain the charge quantity Q in the perovskite solar cell to be measured under different photovoltages and working voltages₁：

wherein, V₁The first voltage recovery data collected by the oscilloscope is represented, R represents a sampling resistor, t represents time, and I represents current;

3.2) quantity of electric charge Q according to calculation₁And first voltage recovery data V acquired by oscilloscope₁And obtaining the capacitance C of the perovskite solar cell to be detected:

3.3) calculating the charge quantity Q of the migration ions of the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected under different photovoltaic voltages and working voltages according to second voltage recovery data generated by ion migration under different photovoltaic voltages and working voltages and the obtained capacitance₂：

Q₂＝C*V₂

wherein, V₂Second voltage reply data collected by the oscilloscope is represented;

and 3.4) judging the direction and time of ion migration according to second voltage reply data acquired by the oscilloscope.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a detection device and a detection method for time-resolved charge extraction and ion migration, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells.

background

In recent decades, with the aggravation of energy crisis and environmental problems, research and development of new energy becomes a necessary trend, and among many new energy, solar energy is concerned about due to its non-pollution, large storage capacity and wide sources. The solar cell is a powerful way for utilizing solar energy, the solar cell is developed through a silicon cell, a compound cell and a thin film cell for decades, at present, the organic and inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cell becomes a new hot spot, the perovskite solar cell is developed through decades, the photoelectric conversion efficiency rapidly breaks through 20% of the major factor, and the perovskite solar cell becomes the most promising solar cell because of simple preparation process and low manufacturing cost.

The perovskite solar cell has some problems while being rapidly developed, and compared with the silicon solar cell with the service life of 20 years, the perovskite solar cell is particularly sensitive to substances such as water, oxygen and the like, so that the service life of the perovskite solar cell is greatly shortened, and the application and the development of the perovskite solar cell are also limited; secondly, the perovskite solar cell shows different hysteresis phenomena from other types of solar cells, namely, the phenomenon of mismatching of positive and negative scanning occurs during I-V scanning, and the evaluation of the performance of the solar cell device is limited due to the occurrence of the hysteresis phenomena. At present, three hypotheses about the causes of the hysteresis phenomenon include ion migration, defect state and space charge polarization. The perovskite crystal being in the presence of ABX₃a symmetrical cubic structure of chemical composition, a and X together arranged in cubic closest packing, with the smaller cation B occupying the octahedral void and not adjacent to cation a, common a⁺Is CH₃NH₃ ⁺[MA⁺]、HC(NH₂)₂ ⁺[FA⁺]And Cs⁺Etc. B²⁺mainly Sn²⁺And Pb²⁺And X is mainly a halogen ion. Because of low dissociation energy, small ionic radius and the like, MA + and I-plasma in the perovskite are easy to dissociate and migrate in the perovskite crystal lattice, namely, ion migration, which not only generates defects in the perovskite crystal lattice, but also is one of the reasons for instability of the perovskite, and therefore, the research on the ion migration in the perovskite is very important.

At present, some mature experimental methods and technical means have been developed for characterization of ion migration, and testing means such as secondary flight mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), kelvin microscope (KPFM), energy spectrometer (EDX) and the like can give evidence of ion migration. In addition, through numerical simulation and low-temperature transient photovoltage attenuation (TPV) measures, the migration direction of positive and negative ions to the charge transport layer obviously influences the recombination dynamics of carriers and the device performance. However, these methods are all indirect or qualitative studies of ion migration in perovskite, and the subjects of the studies are all studies in the open state of perovskite intrinsic thin films or devices.

disclosure of Invention

in view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a detection apparatus and method that can directly and efficiently study time-resolved charge extraction and ion migration of ions in an open circuit state and an operating state.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a detection device for time-resolved charge extraction and ion migration is characterized by comprising a laser, an oscilloscope, a modulatable switch, a resistance box, a digital pulse generator and a computer; the laser is fixedly arranged above the perovskite solar cell to be detected; the anode of the perovskite solar cell to be tested is respectively connected with the anode of the oscilloscope and the input ends of the modulatable switch and the resistance box, and the cathode of the perovskite solar cell to be tested is respectively connected with the cathode of the oscilloscope and the output ends of the modulatable switch and the resistance box; the signal output end of the digital pulse generator is respectively connected with the laser, the oscilloscope and the trigger end of the modulatable switch; and the computer is respectively connected with the laser, the resistance box and the signal end of the digital pulse generator.

Further, the digital pulse generator comprises 4 time points, A, B, C and D respectively, set to:

Wherein T represents the instrument response time, and delay1, delay2, delay3, and delay4 each represent a time delay; digital pulse generator's signal output part includes A signal output part, B signal output part, A ^ B signal output part, C signal output part, D signal output part and C ^ D signal output part, wherein, A ^ B signal output part connects the trigger end of laser instrument, C signal output part connects the trigger end of oscilloscope, C ^ D signal output part connects the trigger end of modulatable switch.

Further, two ports of the modulatable switch are respectively 50 Ω and 1M Ω.

further, the reaction time of the modulatable switch is 4 ns.

Further, the resistance range of the resistance box is 0.1-22M omega.

a method for time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility detection, comprising: 1) under an open-circuit state, performing charge extraction and ion migration measurement on the perovskite solar cell to be measured to obtain first voltage recovery data and second voltage recovery data under different photovoltages; 2) under the working state, performing charge extraction and ion migration measurement on the perovskite solar cell to be measured to obtain first voltage recovery data and second voltage recovery data under different working voltages; 3) and respectively obtaining the ion migration state in the perovskite solar cell to be detected under different photoelectric voltages and working voltages according to the first voltage recovery data and the second voltage recovery data under different photoelectric voltages and different working voltages.

further, the ion migration state includes a charge amount, a migration direction, and a migration time of the migrating ions

Further, the specific process of the step 1) is as follows: 1.1) adjusting the resistance box to be in an open circuit state, and starting a laser; 1.2) adjusting the light intensity of the laser to illuminate the perovskite solar cell to be detected, so that the perovskite solar cell to be detected is stabilized at a certain photoelectric voltage; 1.3) at t₁at the moment, the laser is turned off, the modulatable switch is switched to a short-circuit state, at the moment, all photo-generated carriers in the perovskite solar cell to be tested are extracted into a circuit, and charge extraction data are recorded through an oscilloscope; 1.4) at t₂at the moment, the modulatable switch is switched to an open circuit state, the voltage begins to recover, and the voltage is recorded by an oscilloscopeThe voltage recovery data at the moment is recorded as first voltage recovery data under the photovoltage; 1.5) recording t by oscilloscope₂the maximum voltage recovery data after the moment is recorded as second voltage recovery data under the photovoltaic voltage; 1.6) changing the light intensity of the laser, entering step 1.2) and measuring charge extraction data under different photovoltages.

Further, the specific process of step 2) is as follows: 2.1) starting a laser; 2.2) adjusting the light intensity of the laser to illuminate the perovskite solar cell to be detected, so that the perovskite solar cell to be detected is stabilized under an open-circuit photoelectric voltage; 2.3) at t₁Adjusting the resistance value of the resistance box at any moment to stabilize the perovskite solar cell to be tested at a certain working voltage; 2.4) at t₂At the moment, the laser is turned off, the modulatable switch is switched to a short-circuit state, at the moment, all photo-generated carriers in the perovskite solar cell to be tested are extracted into a circuit, and charge extraction data are recorded through an oscilloscope; 2.5) at t₃At the moment, the modulatable switch is switched to an open-circuit state, voltage reply data at the moment are recorded through an oscilloscope and recorded as first voltage reply data under the working voltage; 2.6) recording t by oscilloscope₃The maximum voltage recovery data after the moment is recorded as second voltage recovery data under the working voltage; 2.7) changing the resistance value of the resistance box, and entering the step 2.3) and measuring the charge extraction data under different working voltages.

further, the specific process of step 3) is as follows: 3.1) integrating the charge extraction data collected by the oscilloscope to obtain the charge quantity Q in the perovskite solar cell to be measured under different photovoltages and working voltages₁：

Wherein, V₁The first voltage recovery data collected by the oscilloscope is represented, R represents a sampling resistor, t represents time, and I represents current; 3.2) quantity of electric charge Q according to calculation₁and first voltage recovery data V acquired by oscilloscope₁And obtaining the capacitance C of the perovskite solar cell to be detected:

3.3) calculating the charge quantity Q of the migration ions of the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected under different photovoltaic voltages and working voltages according to second voltage recovery data generated by ion migration under different photovoltaic voltages and working voltages and the obtained capacitance₂：

Q₂＝C*V₂

Wherein, V₂second voltage reply data collected by the oscilloscope is represented; and 3.4) judging the direction and time of ion migration according to second voltage reply data acquired by the oscilloscope.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. because the transferred ions and the photon-generated carriers exist in the battery at the same time and influence the voltage of the battery device at the same time, the independent research is difficult. 2. The means for researching ion migration in the perovskite solar cell in the prior art is generally indirect or qualitative, and the invention can quantitatively represent the number of the migrated ions through the voltage generated by the ion migration. 3. In the prior art, the perovskite solar cell is researched mainly based on the open circuit and short circuit conditions of a perovskite thin film or a perovskite device, and the real working state of the cell device cannot be reflected.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the detecting unit of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the testing principle of the detection method of the present invention, wherein FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of the testing principle in an open circuit state, and FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the testing principle in an operating state;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of charge extraction-ion mobility detection in an open circuit state by the method of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3(a) is a graph of charge extraction, FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the amount of charge in a cell at different voltages, FIG. 3(c) is a schematic diagram of the recovery voltage, and FIG. 3(d) is a schematic diagram of the amount of ion mobility;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of charge extraction-ion migration detection in a working state by using the method of the present invention, wherein fig. 4(a) is a graph of charge extraction, fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the amount of charge in a battery under different voltages, fig. 4(c) is a schematic diagram of a recovery voltage, and fig. 4(d) is a schematic diagram of the amount of ion migration.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention and that they are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

As shown in fig. 1, the detection device for time-resolved charge extraction and ion migration provided by the invention comprises a laser 1, an oscilloscope, a modulatable switch 3, a resistance box 4, a digital pulse generator 5 and a computer 6.

The laser 1 is fixedly arranged above the perovskite solar cell 7 to be tested and used for emitting exciting light to simulate sunlight. The positive electrode of the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the oscilloscope 2, the input end of the modulatable switch 3 and the input end of the resistor box 4, the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the oscilloscope 2, the output end of the modulatable switch 3 and the output end of the resistor box 4, the oscilloscope 2 is used for collecting data, and the modulatable switch 3 is used for changing the sampling resistance of the oscilloscope 2.

The signal end of the digital pulse generator 5 is respectively connected with the laser 1, the oscilloscope 2 and the trigger end (trig end) of the modulatable switch 3, and the digital pulse generator 5 is used for controlling the time sequence, the laser waveform of the laser 1 and the on-off of the modulatable switch 3.

the signal ends (sig ends) of the laser 1, the resistance box 4 and the digital pulse generator 5 are respectively connected with a computer 6, and the computer 6 is used for adjusting the power of the laser 1, the resistance of the resistance box 4 and the pulse time of the digital pulse generator 5 and obtaining the ion migration state in the perovskite solar cell 7 to be tested under different photovoltages and working voltages.

In a preferred embodiment, digital pulse generator 5 may be a digital pulse generator 5 of type DG535, digital pulse generator 5 comprising 4 time points, A, B, C and D respectively, set to:

Wherein, T represents the instrument response time, delay1, delay2, delay3 and delay4 all represent time delays, and the 4 time delays are independent of each other and can be set arbitrarily.

The signal output ends of the digital pulse generator 5 include an a signal output end, a B signal output end, an a ∞ B (a-l-B-down) signal output end, a C signal output end, a D signal output end, and a C ∞ D (C-l-D-down) signal output end, where the a ∞ B signal output end is connected to the trigger end of the laser 1 for setting the illumination time of the laser 1, for example, setting delay1 ═ 6, which means that the time difference between a and B is 6s, the laser 1 starts illumination at time a, stops illumination at time B, and the illumination time is 6 s; the signal output end C is connected with the trigger end of the oscilloscope 2 and is used for starting the oscilloscope 2 to collect data; the C D signal output terminal is connected to the trigger terminal of the modulatable switch 3 for controlling the on (set at 50 Ω) or off (set at M Ω) of the modulatable switch 3, for example, setting delay4 ═ 0.00002, which indicates a time difference between C and D of 20 μ s, and the modulatable switch 3 is turned on at time C and turned off at time D for 20 μ s.

In a preferred embodiment, the two ports of the modulatable switch 3 are 50 Ω and 1M Ω respectively, the default state is 1M Ω, the switch is switched to 50 Ω after receiving a signal, and the response time of the switch is 4 ns.

In a preferred embodiment, the resistance of the resistance box 4 is in the range of 0.1-22M Ω.

as shown in fig. 2, based on the above-mentioned detection apparatus for time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility, the present invention further provides a detection method for time-resolved charge extraction and ion mobility, which includes the following steps:

1) as shown in fig. 2(a), in an open circuit state, charge extraction and ion migration measurement are performed on the perovskite solar cell 7 to be measured, so as to obtain first voltage recovery data and second voltage recovery data under different photovoltages, specifically:

1.1) at the time of 0, adjusting the resistance box 4 to 1 MOmega and starting the laser 1;

1.2) adjusting the light intensity of the laser 1 to illuminate the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected, so that the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected is stabilized at a certain photovoltage V_phthe following steps of (1);

1.3) at t₁At the moment, the laser 1 is closed, the modulatable switch 3 is switched to 50 omega, at the moment, all photo-generated carriers in the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected are extracted into a circuit of the detection device, and charge extraction data are recorded through the oscilloscope 2;

1.4) at t₂at the moment, the modulatable switch 3 is switched to 1M omega, the voltage starts to recover, voltage recovery data at the moment are recorded through the oscilloscope 2 and recorded as first voltage recovery data under the photovoltaic voltage;

1.5) recording t by oscilloscope 2₂The maximum voltage recovery data after the moment is recorded as second voltage recovery data under the photovoltaic voltage;

1.6) changing the light intensity of the laser 1, and entering the step 1.2) to change the photovoltage, measuring charge extraction data under different photovoltages, and acquiring first voltage recovery data and second voltage recovery data under different photovoltages.

2) as shown in fig. 2(b), in the operating state, the perovskite solar cell 7 to be measured is subjected to charge extraction and ion migration measurement, so as to obtain first voltage recovery data and second voltage recovery data under different operating voltages, specifically:

2.1) at the time 0, starting the laser 1;

2.2) adjusting the light intensity of the laser 1 to the perovskite solar energy electricity to be measuredThe cell 7 is illuminated so that the perovskite solar cell 7 to be measured is stabilized at an open circuit photovoltage V_octhe following steps of (1);

2.3) at t₁at any moment, the resistance value of the resistance box 4 is adjusted to be R_xso that the perovskite solar cell 7 to be tested is stabilized at a certain working voltage V_appThe following steps of (1);

2.4) at t₂at the moment, the laser 1 is closed, the modulatable switch 3 is switched to 50 omega, at the moment, all photo-generated carriers in the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected are extracted into a circuit of the detection device, and charge extraction data are recorded through the oscilloscope 2;

2.5) at t₃At the moment, the modulatable switch 3 is switched to 1 MOmega, at the moment, no photogenerated carrier exists in the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected, no voltage signal is generated, however, due to the existence of the migration ions, the positive and negative ions which migrate respectively induce charges in the two charge transmission layers, and therefore a voltage recovery signal is generated, the voltage recovery data at the moment are recorded through the oscilloscope 2, and the voltage recovery data are recorded as first voltage recovery data under the working voltage;

2.6) recording t by oscilloscope 2₃The maximum voltage recovery data after the moment is recorded as second voltage recovery data under the working voltage;

2.7) changing the resistance R of the resistance box 3_xAnd entering step 2.3), measuring the charge extraction data under different working voltages, and acquiring first voltage recovery data and second voltage recovery data under different working voltages.

3) according to the first voltage recovery data and the second voltage recovery data under different photoelectric voltages and different working voltages, the ion migration state inside the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected under different photoelectric voltages and different working voltages is obtained respectively, and the ion migration state comprises the charge amount, the migration direction and the migration time of the migrated ions, and specifically comprises the following steps:

3.1) the charge extraction curves in the open circuit state and the working state are shown in fig. 3(a) and fig. 4(a), and the charge extraction data collected by the oscilloscope 2 is integrated by the following formula (2) to obtain the charge quantity Q in the perovskite solar cell 7 to be measured under different photovoltages and working voltages₁as shown in fig. 3(b) and 4 (b):

wherein, V₁The first voltage recovery data collected by the oscilloscope 2 is shown, R represents the sampling resistance 50 Ω, t represents time, and I represents current.

3.2) quantity of electric charge Q according to calculation₁And first voltage reply data V acquired by the oscilloscope 2₁And fitting to obtain the capacitance C of the perovskite solar cell 7 to be detected:

3.3) as shown in fig. 3(c) and 4(c), according to the second voltage recovery data generated by the migration of ions under different photovoltages and working voltages and the obtained capacitance, calculating the charge quantity Q of the ions migrated by the perovskite solar cell 7 to be tested under different photovoltages and working voltages₂：

Q₂＝C*V₂ (4)

Wherein, V₂Second voltage reply data collected by the oscilloscope 2 is shown.

as shown in fig. 3(d) and 4(d), since the mobile ions are monovalent ions, the number of mobile ions is equal to the charge amount thereof.

3.4) as shown in fig. 3(c) and 4(c), the direction and time of ion migration can be judged according to the second voltage reply data acquired by the oscilloscope 2, and as can be seen from the graph, the attenuation value of the signal is 0 within 10s to 20s, which indicates that the time of ion migration is in the magnitude of 10 s; the signal decays from positive to 0, indicating that positive ions move from the negative to the positive and negative ions move from the positive to the negative.

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.