Sports ball with mechanical luminescence
阅读说明：本技术 机械发光的体育球 (Sports ball with mechanical luminescence ) 是由 亚瑟·P·莫利纳里 于 2018-05-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供了可充气体育球。体育球包括内部气囊和围绕内部气囊设置的覆盖物。覆盖物可以包括外部基质和中间结构。覆盖物还可以包括由外部基质限定的外部基质表面、以及与外部基质表面径向分隔的特征表面。外部基质表面和特征表面一起共同限定覆盖物的外表面。可以将机械发光材料嵌入一部分覆盖物。可以将机械发光材料设置在仅外部基质表面和特征表面之一处,使得其定位以在覆盖物上形成预定的设计。机械发光材料响应于外部施加的压力而发出可见光,使得在外部压力或机械刺激施加到覆盖物时预定设计照亮。(An inflatable sport ball is provided. The sports ball includes an inner bladder and a cover disposed about the inner bladder. The cover may include an outer matrix and an intermediate structure. The cover may also include an exterior substrate surface defined by the exterior substrate, and a feature surface radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface. The outer substrate surface and the feature surface together define an outer surface of the covering. The mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in a part of the cover. The mechanoluminescence material may be provided at only one of the external substrate surface and the feature surface so that it is positioned to form a predetermined design on the cover. The mechanoluminescence material emits visible light in response to externally applied pressure so that the predetermined design illuminates when external pressure or mechanical stimulus is applied to the cover.)
1. an inflatable sport ball comprising:
An internal bladder;
a cover disposed about the inner bladder, the cover comprising:
An outer matrix;
an outer substrate surface defined by the outer substrate, and a feature surface radially spaced from the outer substrate surface, wherein the outer substrate surface and the feature surface collectively define an outer surface of the overlay;
A mechanoluminescence material embedded in a portion of the cover, wherein the mechanoluminescence material is disposed on only one of the exterior substrate surface and the feature surface; and is
Wherein the mechanoluminescence material emits visible light in response to externally applied pressure.
2. The inflatable sport ball of claim 1, wherein:
The feature surface comprises at least one protrusion formed from a three-dimensional ink;
The at least one protrusion extending from the exterior substrate surface and having a tip disposed on the feature surface, wherein the tip is radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface by a height greater than about 0.05 millimeters (mm); and is
the mechanoluminescence material is embedded in the three-dimensional ink.
3. the inflatable sport ball recited in claim 2, wherein said height is from about 0.07 millimeters (mm) to about 0.15 millimeters (mm).
4. The inflatable sport ball recited in claim 2, wherein said at least one protrusion includes:
A first sector comprising the stereoscopic ink, wherein the mechanoluminescence material is embedded in the stereoscopic ink of the first sector; and
A second sector comprising the three-dimensional ink, the second sector being located between the outer substrate surface and the first sector.
5. The inflatable sport ball of claim 2, wherein:
The cover further comprises a plurality of land areas defined by the outer substrate surface;
The at least one protrusion is defined as a plurality of protrusions, wherein the plurality of protrusions and the plurality of land areas are arranged in a series of alternating and repeating occurrences of the land areas and the protrusions such that each of the plurality of protrusions is located between a plurality of land areas and each land area is located between a plurality of protrusions.
6. The inflatable sport ball of claim 2, wherein:
The cover comprises a plurality of covers connected by at least one seam, the plurality of covers comprising a first cover and a second cover; and is
The protrusions are disposed on the first cover in a first cover layout and the protrusions are disposed on the second cover in a second cover layout; and is
the second ball cover layout is different from the first ball cover layout.
7. The inflatable sport ball recited in claim 1, wherein the mechanoluminescence material is embedded in one of the outer matrix and an outer surface layer disposed on the outer surface.
8. the inflatable sport ball recited in claim 7 wherein said featured surface includes at least one depression, and wherein said mechanoluminescence material is disposed in said at least one depression.
9. The inflatable sport ball of claim 8, wherein:
The cover further comprises a plurality of covers connected by at least one seam;
The recess is defined as the at least one seam; and is
The at least one seam has an end disposed on the feature surface such that the end is radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface.
10. The inflatable sport ball recited in claim 8, wherein said cover further comprises:
A plurality of covers connected by at least one seam, wherein the at least one depression is separated from the at least one seam, the at least one depression having a tip disposed on the feature surface such that the tip is radially separated from the outer substrate surface by a depth greater than about 0.05 millimeters (mm); and
an intermediate structure disposed between the outer matrix and the inner balloon, wherein the outer matrix is bonded to the intermediate structure at a depression.
11. the inflatable sport ball of claim 10, wherein the intermediate structure includes a first intermediate cover layer and a second intermediate cover layer, wherein:
the first intermediate cap layer is positioned between the outer substrate and the second intermediate cap layer;
the second intermediate cover layer is positioned between the first intermediate cover layer and the inner bladder; and is
The outer substrate is directly bonded to the second intermediate cover layer at the at least one depression.
12. The inflatable sport ball of claim 11, wherein:
the plurality of ball covers comprises a first ball cover and a second ball cover; and is
the at least one depression is defined as a plurality of depressions, wherein the depressions are disposed on the first cover in a first cover layout and the depressions are disposed on the second cover in a second cover layout; and is
The second ball cover layout is different from the first ball cover layout.
13. The inflatable sport ball recited in claim 1, wherein the mechanoluminescence material comprises one of a piezoelectric phosphor and a triboluminescent material.
14. the inflatable sport ball recited in claim 1, wherein said mechanoluminescence material is an aluminate material, and wherein said mechanoluminescence material comprises strontium aluminate and europium.
15. An inflatable sport ball comprising:
An internal bladder;
A cover disposed about the inner bladder, the cover comprising:
An outer substrate comprising a plurality of covers connected by at least one seam, the plurality of covers comprising a first cover and a second cover;
An outer substrate surface defined by the outer substrate;
A feature surface radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface, wherein the exterior substrate surface and the feature surface together define an exterior surface of the overlay, the feature surface comprising:
At least one protrusion extending from the outer substrate surface and having a protrusion end disposed on the feature surface, wherein the protrusion end is radially spaced from the outer substrate surface by a height greater than about 0.05 millimeters (mm); and
at least one depression having a depression tip disposed on the feature surface such that the depression tip is radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface by a depth of greater than about 0.05 millimeters (mm); and
An intermediate structure disposed between the outer matrix and the inner balloon, wherein the outer matrix is bonded to the intermediate structure at the at least one indentation; and
a mechanoluminescence material that emits visible light in response to externally applied pressure, wherein the mechanoluminescence material is disposed in one of the at least one protrusion and the at least one recess.
16. the inflatable sport ball recited in claim 15, wherein the at least one protrusion is formed from a solid ink, and wherein the mechanoluminescence material is embedded in the solid ink.
17. the inflatable sport ball of claim 15, wherein:
The mechanoluminescence material being embedded in one of the outer matrix and an outer surface layer disposed on the outer surface; and is
The mechanoluminescence material is disposed in the at least one recess.
18. The inflatable sport ball of claim 15, wherein:
the at least one protrusion is defined as a plurality of protrusions, wherein the plurality of protrusions are disposed on the first cover in a first protrusion cover layout and on the second cover in a second protrusion cover layout;
the at least one recess is defined as a plurality of pseudo-seams separated from the at least one seam, wherein the plurality of pseudo-seams are disposed on the first cover in a first pseudo-seam cover layout and on the second cover in a second pseudo-seam cover layout; and is
The plurality of protrusions and the plurality of pseudo-seams collectively define a topographical design on the outer surface of the sport ball.
19. the inflatable sport ball of claim 18, wherein the first raised skin layout is different than the second raised skin layout.
20. the inflatable sport ball of claim 18, wherein said first pseudo-seam cover layout is different than said second pseudo-seam cover layout.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to inflatable sport balls. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to inflatable sport balls that include a mechanoluminescence material that emits visible light in response to externally applied pressure.
Background
various sports balls (e.g., soccer balls) typically include an outer shell and an interior. The shell forms the exterior of the sports ball and is typically formed by joining together (e.g., by stitching, adhesive, or bonding) a plurality of durable and wear-resistant panels along abutting edge regions (i.e., by seams). Design and other aesthetic elements may be applied to the outer surface of the housing.
The outer shell may include an inner layer or intermediate structure that forms a central portion of the sports ball, the central portion being located between the outer shell and the inner portion.
Disclosure of Invention
An inflatable sport ball is provided. The sports ball includes an inner bladder and a cover disposed about the inner bladder. The cover may include an outer matrix and an intermediate structure. The outer substrate of the cover may include a plurality of ball covers connected by at least one seam.
The cover may also include an exterior substrate surface defined by the exterior substrate, and a feature surface radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface. The outer substrate surface and the feature surface together define an outer surface of the covering.
The mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in a part of the cover. The mechanoluminescence material is disposed on only one of the external substrate surface and the feature surface and is positioned relative to the external surface of the cover to form a predetermined design on the external surface. The mechanoluminescence material emits visible light in response to externally applied pressure and thus illuminates a predetermined design on the outer surface of the cover.
the above features and advantages and other features and advantages of the present teachings are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best modes and other embodiments for carrying out the present teachings when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings as defined in the appended claims.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary inflatable sport ball;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary inflatable sport ball, wherein the ball includes an inner bladder and a cover, the cover including an outer matrix and an intermediate structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary inflatable sport ball in which the cover includes a plurality of protrusions, a plurality of land areas, and a plurality of indentations. The protrusions, land areas, and depressions collectively define a topographical design on the outer surface of the inflatable sport ball;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a first cover and a second cover, wherein a plurality of protrusions are provided in a first protruding cover layout on the first cover and a second protruding cover layout on the second cover, and wherein a plurality of depressions are provided in a first pseudo-seam cover layout on the first cover and a second pseudo-seam cover layout on the second cover;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first cover taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second cover taken along line 6-6 in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7A is an enlarged schematic exemplary cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 6;
FIG. 7B is an enlarged schematic example cross-section of an example cover;
FIG. 7C is another enlarged schematic example cross-section of an example cover;
FIG. 8 is an example cross-sectional view of the covering taken along line 8-8 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic example cross-section of a recess, wherein the recess is defined as a seam;
FIG. 10A is an exemplary schematic plan view of an exemplary pseudo-seam cover layout shown on an exemplary cover;
FIG. 10B is an example schematic plan view of another example pseudo-seam cover layout shown on an example cover;
FIG. 10C is an example schematic plan view of another example pseudo-seam cover layout shown on an example cover;
FIG. 10D is an example schematic plan view of another example pseudo-seam cover layout shown on an example cover;
FIG. 10E is an example schematic plan view of an example cover having an example pseudo-seam cover layout and an example raised cover layout formed thereon;
FIG. 11A is an enlarged schematic example cross-sectional view of an example recess, wherein the example recess is defined as a pseudo-seam;
FIG. 11B is an enlarged schematic example cross-sectional view of another example depression, where the example depression is defined as a pseudo-seam;
FIG. 11C is an enlarged schematic example cross-sectional view of another example depression, where the example depression is defined as a pseudo-seam;
FIG. 11D is an enlarged schematic example cross-sectional view of another example depression, where the example depression is defined as a pseudo-seam;
FIG. 11E is an enlarged schematic example cross-sectional view of another example depression, where the example depression is defined as a pseudo-seam;
FIG. 11F is an enlarged schematic example cross-sectional view of another example depression, where the example depression is defined as a pseudo-seam;
FIG. 11G is an enlarged schematic example cross-sectional view of another example depression, where the example depression is defined as a pseudo-seam;
FIG. 12A is an exemplary schematic perspective view of a first cover and a second cover with a plurality of dimples provided in an exemplary first pseudo-seam cover layout on the first cover and an exemplary second pseudo-seam cover layout on the second cover;
FIG. 12B is another example schematic perspective view of a first cover and a second cover with a plurality of dimples provided in another example first pseudo-seam cover layout on the first cover and another example second pseudo-seam cover layout on the second cover.
Detailed Description
Although the present disclosure may be described with respect to particular applications or industries, those skilled in the art will recognize the broader applicability of the present disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that terms such as "above," "below," "upward," "downward," etc., are used in describing the figures and do not represent limitations on the scope of the disclosure, as defined by the appended claims. Any numerical references, such as "first" or "second," are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, or components. The order of the steps, processes, and operations may be altered, if possible, and additional or alternative steps may be employed. As used in this specification, the term "or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items. The term "any" should be understood to include any possible combination of referenced items, including "any one" of the referenced items. The term "any" should be understood to include any possible combination of the recited claims of the appended claims, including "any one" of the recited claims.
the terms "a," "an," "the," "at least one," and "one or more" are used interchangeably to mean that there is at least one item. There may be multiple such items unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the numerical values (e.g., amounts or conditions) of all parameters in this specification (including the appended claims) are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about" whether or not "about" actually appears before the numerical value. "about" means that the value allows some slight imprecision (with respect to accuracy of the value; approximating or reasonably approximating the value; approaching). As used herein, "about" means at least variations that may result from ordinary methods of measuring and using such parameters, provided that the ordinary meaning of imprecision provided by "about" in the art is not otherwise understood. In addition, the disclosed ranges should be understood to specifically disclose all values within the range and further divided ranges.
features shown in one drawing may be combined with, replaced with, or modified from features shown in any of the drawings. No feature, element, or limitation is mutually exclusive of any other feature, element, or limitation, unless expressly stated otherwise. Furthermore, no feature, element, or limitation is essential to operation. Any particular configuration shown in the drawings is illustrative only and is not limiting to the claims or the detailed description.
The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various configurations of sports balls and associated methods of making sports balls. Although the sport ball is depicted in the associated drawings as a soccer ball, concepts related to the configurations and methods may be applied to various types of inflatable sport balls, such as basketballs, footballs (for american football or football), volleyballs, water polo balls, etc., and various non-inflatable sport balls (such as baseball and softball) may also incorporate the concepts discussed herein.
referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like components throughout the several views, an inflatable sport ball 10 is provided.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the sport ball 10 may be an inflatable sport ball (such as a soccer ball, etc.) or a non-inflatable sport ball 10 (such as a softball, etc.). A sports ball 10 having the general configuration of a soccer ball is shown in fig. 1-3. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the sports ball 10 may have a layered structure including a cover 12 and an interior 16 (fig. 2 and 5-8). The cover 12 forms an exterior portion of the sports ball 10. The interior 16 forms an interior portion of the sports ball 10.
In a non-pneumatic example configuration of the sports ball 10, the interior 16 may be one of a solid block and a hollow block of fixed size. In an inflatable example configuration of the sport ball 10, the interior 16 may be an interior bladder (fig. 2 and 5-8). In the inflatable example configuration, to facilitate inflation (i.e., filling the interior with compressed air), the interior 16 typically includes a valved opening 17, the valved opening 17 extending through the cover 12, thereby being accessible from an exterior substrate surface 18 of the sports ball 10. Upon inflation, the bladder 16 is pressurized, and the pressurization causes the outer substrate surface 18 to become a generally spherical surface as the sports ball 10 assumes a generally spherical shape. More specifically, the pressure within the bladder 16 causes the bladder 16 to exert an outward force on the cover 12 on the interior substrate surface 20.
Cover 12 forms the exterior of sports ball 10 and has an outer surface 13. The term cover 12 is intended to include any layer of the sports ball 10 surrounding the interior 16. Thus, cover 12 may include both an outermost layer and any intermediate layer disposed between inner portion 16 and outer surface 13. As shown in fig. 2 and 5-8, the cover 12 may be constructed as a layered structure including an outer substrate 24 and an intermediate structure 14, with the intermediate structure 14 being located within the outer substrate 24 and between the outer substrate 24 and the inner portion 16. The cover 12 further includes an outer substrate surface 18 defined by an outer substrate 24, an inner substrate surface 20 opposite the outer substrate surface 18, and a feature surface 21 radially spaced from the outer substrate surface 18 opposite the inner substrate surface 20. The exterior substrate surface 18 and the feature surface 21 together define the exterior surface 13 of the sports ball 10. The interior substrate surface 20 may be disposed proximate the ball interior 16.
In some embodiments, the outer substrate 24 may be composed of a polymeric material, a polymeric foam material, or the like. Examples of suitable polymeric materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethanes, polyvinyl chlorides, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylenes, polyolefins, and the like.
The intermediate structure 14 may include a first intermediate cap layer 26 and a second intermediate cap layer 22. The first intermediate cap layer 26 is positioned between the outer substrate 24 and the second intermediate cap layer 22. The second intermediate cover layer 22 is positioned between the first intermediate cover layer 26 and the inner bladder 16. The second intermediate cover layer 22 may include an interior substrate surface 20, wherein the interior substrate surface 20 is positioned proximate the ball interior 16.
each cover layer 22, 26 of the intermediate structure 14 may be constructed of a polymeric material, a polymeric foam material, a textile, or the like. Examples of suitable polymeric materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethanes, polyvinyl chlorides, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylenes, polyolefins, and the like. Examples of suitable polymeric foam materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, vinyl acetate, and the like. Examples of suitable textile materials include, but are not limited to, woven or knitted textiles formed from polyester, cotton, nylon, rayon, silk, spandex, or various other materials. The textile material may also comprise a mixture of materials, such as polyester and cotton. In the inflatable sport ball example, the intermediate structure 14 may also impart a soft feel to the sport ball, bring energy back, and limit the expansion of the air bag 16.
as shown in fig. 8, the cover may also include an outer surface layer 25 disposed on the outer substrate surface 18 of the cover 12. The outer surface layer 25 may be a film having a pigment or image thereon. The outer surface layer 25 may also be a weatherable outer film or clear coat. The outer surface layer 25 may be a polyurethane film or the like. The outer surface layer 25 may be bonded to the outer substrate surface 18 by a bonding material.
As shown in fig. 1-4, 10A-10E, and 12A-12B, cover 12 may generally be formed from a plurality of covers 28, wherein each cover 28 has a cover surface that each define a portion of outer substrate surface 18. The plurality of covers 28 includes at least one first cover 30 having a first cover surface 40 and at least one second cover 32 having a second cover surface 42. The covers 28 may be joined to one another along abutting edge regions 36 (fig. 4, 10E, and 12A-12B) by at least one seam 38 (fig. 1-4 and 12A-12B). The cover 28 may be attached along the abutting edge regions 36 by stitching, adhesive, welding, bonding, or other suitable bonding means via seams 38.
In the case of the example soccer ball 10, the cover 12 may include various numbers of covers 28, such as a conventional eleven (11) covers or any other number of covers 28. Cover 12 may also exhibit a generally uniform or uninterrupted configuration that does not include a cover 28 joined at abutting edge regions 36 by seams 38, or includes fewer covers 28. In cases where the cover is present in a reduced amount, or where the ball 10 exhibits a generally uniform or uninterrupted configuration, a depression in the form of a false seam 34 may be located in the cover 12 in the area of the conventional seam 38 to give the cover 28 the appearance.
a mechanoluminescence material that emits visible light or illuminates in response to externally applied pressure or mechanical stimulus may be selectively placed on the sports ball 10 in order to create an appearance design, highlight one or more surface features of the ball, and/or provide a unique visual effect when the outer surface 13 of the ball 10 is subjected to a mechanical stimulus, such as the ball 10 being struck by another object, such as a player's foot, goalkeeper, goal post, or other external object. The luminescence of the luminescent material in response to externally applied pressure (e.g., contact with a player's foot, goalkeeper, goal post, or the like) may be used to visually track a ball in motion. Especially in low light conditions, or during television viewing experience when the camera angle is further removed from the sports ball 10, both the viewer and the player wish to be able to track the sports ball 10 (e.g. football). For example, in low light conditions, it is difficult to view a sports ball 10 in flight after the ball 10 is struck by a player's foot. A sports ball 10 with a light-emitting feature may be easier to track in motion and may be particularly beneficial in penalty situations in a football game, especially in low light conditions.
In one exemplary embodiment, the mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in a portion of the cover 12. The mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in one of the external matrix 24, the outer surface layer 25 disposed on the external matrix surface 18, and the surface texture 44 disposed on the external matrix surface 18. In a preferred embodiment, the mechanoluminescence material is disposed on only one of the exterior substrate surface 18 and the feature surface 21 to highlight one or more surface features or designs and/or to provide unique visual effects. In other words, the mechanoluminescence material is visible only on a portion of the outer surface 13 of the sports ball 10, where a portion is less than the entire outer surface 13.
The term "mechanoluminescence material" as used herein is defined as a material that emits light in response to an externally applied pressure. The luminescence of mechanoluminescence, which is a form of cold body radiation, is not generated by heat. Instead, the mechanoluminescence material luminesces in response to an external mechanical stimulus (e.g., compression, displacement, friction, impact, etc.) applied externally to the outer surface 13 of the sports ball 10.
The externally applied pressure may be an external mechanical stimulus (e.g., compression, displacement, friction, impact, etc.) on the outer surface 13 of the sports ball 10. The mechanical stimulus may be the impact of the outer surface 13 of the ball 10 with the player's foot or another external object. The mechanical glow (the glow in response to externally applied pressure) dissipates or fades over a period of time and the outer surface 13 of the sports ball 10 eventually returns to its original color. When the ball 10 is subjected to another or subsequent externally applied pressure, the mechanical glow occurs again as a separate light emitting event.
In some example embodiments, the mechanoluminescence material may be provided using, or as an integral part of, one or more of the following: paints, inks, resins, pigments, dyes, coatings, curing catalysts, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, flame retardants, photopolymerization initiators, and the like.
the mechanoluminescence material may include one of a piezoelectric phosphor and a triboluminescence material. In such an example, the mechanoluminescence material emits visible light (illuminates) when the outer surface 13 of the sports ball 10 is subjected to a mechanical stimulus, such as the ball 10 being struck by another object (e.g., a player's foot, goalkeeper, goal post, or other external object).
in an example embodiment where the mechanoluminescence material is a triboluminescent material, luminescence is produced by breaking chemical bonds in the triboluminescent material when the triboluminescent material is pulled apart, torn, scratched, crushed, or rubbed in interaction with an external mechanical stimulus.
in an exemplary embodiment, where the mechanoluminescence material is a piezoelectric phosphor, luminescence is generated when the piezoelectric phosphor deforms during interaction with an external mechanical stimulus.
In another example embodiment, the mechanoluminescence material may include a crystal material. The crystalline material may include an aluminate material. The aluminate may comprise alpha alumina. Alternatively or additionally, the aluminate may be an intermediate alumina other than alpha-alumina or a precursor thereof (e.g., aluminum hydroxide). The aluminate material may be a material comprising 90 mole percent or less alpha-alumina. The aluminate material may be a strontium aluminate material.
Strontium aluminate may be expressed as SrxAlyOzWherein 0 is<x、0<y and 0<z. Non-limiting examples of strontium aluminates include, for example, SrAl2O4、SrAl4O7、Sr4Al4O25、SrAl12O19and Sr3Al2O6The compound of (1). The mechanoluminescence material comprising an aluminate material may also comprise europium (Eu) alone or in combination with at least one element selected from the group consisting of neodymium (Nd), dysprosium (Dy), and holmium (Ho). In this case, europium may be used as the catalyst, and neodymium, dysprosium, or holmium may be used as the co-catalyst. The mechanoluminescence material may comprise 0.0001 to 0.01 mole, or 0.0005 to 0.005 mole of europium per mole of aluminate (e.g. per mole of strontium aluminate). The mechanoluminescence material may include a total of 0.0001 to 0.01 mol, or 0.0005 to 0.005 mol of at least one element selected from among neodymium, dysprosium, and holmium per mol of aluminate. Exemplary mechanoluminescence materials including europium-catalyzed strontium aluminate may exhibit improved mechanoluminescence by adjusting the amounts of the catalyst (europium) and co-catalyst (e.g., neodymium, dysprosium, and holmium).
Mechanoluminescence materials can generally be physically and chemically stable under various conditions. When an externally applied pressure or mechanical stimulus is applied to the mechanoluminescence material, the mechanoluminescence material is excited and emits light. The externally applied pressure or mechanical stimulus may include, for example, striking the mechanoluminescence material with an external object (e.g., a player's foot, goalkeeper, goal post, or other external object).
See U.S. patent application publication nos. 2016/0053172 and 2017/0002264 for a detailed discussion of exemplary mechanoluminescence materials, including europium catalyzed strontium aluminates and their production, and thus U.S. patent application publication nos. 2016/0053172 and 2017/0002264 are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
The amount of light generated may be varied according to the intensity of the force applied to the outer surface 13 of the ball 10 or the externally applied pressure. For example, when a weak force or external pressure is applied to the outer surface 13 of the ball 10 (e.g., friction between the ball 10 and the playing surface when the ball is playing on the ground), the amount of light generated may be relatively low or non-existent. The amount of luminescence produced may be greater when greater or more powerful externally applied pressure is applied to the mechanoluminescence material (e.g., a player's foot strikes the outer surface 13 of the ball 10, a goalkeeper blocks a portion of the ball 10, or when the ball 10 hits a goal post).
As detailed above, the luminescence generated by the luminescent material in response to externally applied pressure may be used to visually track the ball in motion, particularly in low light conditions, or in a television viewing experience when the camera angle is further removed from the sports ball 10. For example, in low light conditions, it is difficult to view the sports ball 10 in flight after the ball 10 is struck by a player's foot. A sports ball 10 with a light-emitting feature may be easier to track during play and may be particularly beneficial when penalizing a ball in a football match, especially in low light conditions.
As shown in fig. 3-12B, feature surface 21 may include at least one topographical feature, such as protrusions 58, recesses 38, 34, and the like. As shown in the various fig. 3-7C, the feature surface 21 includes at least one protrusion 58. At least one protrusion 58 is disposed on, and additionally applied to, the outer substrate surface 18 of the cover 12. The at least one protrusion 58 may be defined as a plurality of protrusions 58, the plurality of protrusions 58 being part of the surface texture 44 disposed on the exterior substrate surface 18 of the cover 12. The protrusions 58 may form a decorative or aesthetic layout or design 46, 48, 56 on the sports ball 10, display the brand of the sports ball 10 by including a logo 86 therein, and may also be used to optimize grip with the user's hand and/or foot contact points, or to improve aerodynamics during flight.
The protrusions 58 may be disposed on a small portion of the outer substrate surface 18, on a single cover surface 40, 42 (fig. 4), on a selected set of cover surfaces 40, 42, or on a large portion of the outer substrate surface 18 (fig. 3).
Each protrusion 58 defined by the feature surface 21 extends from the exterior substrate surface 18. As shown in fig. 5-7C, each of the plurality of protrusions 58 has a tip 62, the tip 62 being disposed on the feature surface 21 and a height 64 radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface 18 that is greater than about 0.05 millimeters (mm). Referring to fig. 7B-7C, the projection 58 may also include a first sidewall 72 and a second sidewall 74.
In one exemplary embodiment, the height 64 may be from about 0.07 millimeters (mm) to about 0.15 millimeters (mm). In another example, the height 64 is about 0.11 millimeters (mm). In such an example, it is advantageous for the height 64 to be at least 0.05 millimeters (mm) and less than 0.15 millimeters (mm) in order to enhance the playability of the ball 10. Protrusions 58 having a height 64 within the above-described ranges allow for visibility of the individual designs or cover layouts 46, 48 and the overall topographical design 56 while also exhibiting a desired grip or contact between the user's and/or player's hands or feet and the outer surface 13 of the ball 10 while still allowing the ball 10 to maintain desired aerodynamic and flight characteristics.
in some example embodiments, each of the plurality of protrusions 58 may be formed from a solid ink. The three-dimensional ink may be a resin-based ink, a powder puff ink, a water-based silicone ink, or the like, suitable for additive manufacturing and/or three-dimensional printing by an additive manufacturing process. More specifically, the stereoscopic ink may be a mixed ink including a urethane resin component and a puff ink component. The stereographic ink may also include organic compounds, such as Cyclohexanone (CH)2)5And (3) CO. The stereo ink may also include a polyurethane powder to increase the texture of the ink. The stereo ink may be clear in color such that the stereo ink is transparent or translucent. The three-dimensional ink may also be colored to a predetermined color. The mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in the three-dimensional ink.
In one example embodiment, the stereo ink may include a polyurethane resin component in a concentration or percentage-based amount of about 15% to about 25%, a powder puff ink component in a concentration or percentage-based amount of less than about 7%, and Cyclohexanone (CH) in a concentration or percentage-based amount of about 65% to about 80%2)5A CO component. In such an example, the viscosity of the stereo ink may be about 300 billionone second (dpa.s) to about 400dpa.s, the percent solids content can be from about 25% to about 30%, and the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can be from about 710g/L to about 770 g/L.
As shown in fig. 7A-7C, each protrusion 58 may be comprised of a single portion or sector of solid ink that spans the entire height 64 from the exterior substrate surface 18 to the distal end 62. Each protrusion 58 may alternatively be comprised of multiple portions or sectors 68, 70, which portions or sectors 68, 70 together span the entire height 64 from the exterior substrate surface 18 to the tip 62.
in one example embodiment, as shown in fig. 7A and 7B, the plurality of sectors 68, 70 may be implemented as a plurality of layers 68, 70. In such examples, each of the plurality of sectors or layers 68, 70 may be composed of a particular color of stereo ink different from the remaining layers, the layers may repeat a color pattern (e.g., alternating colors), or the plurality of layers may all be composed of the same color of stereo ink (e.g., translucent or transparent stereo ink). In the same example embodiment where the plurality of sectors 68, 70 are implemented as a plurality of layers 68, 70, the plurality of layers may include a first layer 68 and a second layer 70. The second sector or layer 70 may be comprised of a three-dimensional ink and may be located between the outer substrate surface 18 and the first sector or layer 68. The first sector 68 may be comprised of solid ink and may be located between the end 62 and the second sector 70.
In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7C, the plurality of sectors 68, 70 may be embodied as two adjacent sectors 68, 70, each sector spanning the entire height 64 from the exterior substrate surface 18 to the tip 62. For example, in such an embodiment, the first sector 68 may constitute a side of the protrusion 58, the first sector 68 being defined between the exterior substrate surface 18, the tip 62, and the feature surface 21 embodied as the first sidewall 72. In the same example, a second sector 70 may form the other side of the protrusion 58, the second sector 70 being defined between the exterior substrate surface 18, the tip 62, and the feature surface 21 embodied as the second sidewall 74.
in one example, the mechanoluminescence material may be disposed on the feature surface 21 and embedded in the stereoscopic ink of at least one of the plurality of sectors 68, 70 of the respective protrusion 58. In one example, the mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in the three-dimensional ink of each of the first and second sectors 68, 70. In another example, as shown in FIGS. 7A-7C, the mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in the volume of ink in the first sector 68. In yet another example, as shown in the example in fig. 7C, the mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in the volume ink of the second sector 70.
The cover 12 may also include a plurality of land areas 60 defined by the exterior substrate surface 18. Each land area 60 may be disposed between a plurality of projections 58, and likewise each projection 58 may be positioned between a plurality of land areas 60. In other words, the plurality of projections 58 and the plurality of land areas 60 define a surface profile 50, 52 (fig. 5-7C) that includes an alternating and repeating series of land areas 60 and projections 58.
In another example, the mechanoluminescence material may be provided on the external matrix surface 18 and embedded in one of the external matrix 24 and the outer surface layer 25. In such an example, the layer comprising the mechanoluminescence material (e.g., one of outer substrate layer 24 and outer surface layer 25) may be a polyurethane skin having a thickness of about 0.5 millimeters (mm) or less. In the same example, the mechanoluminescence material may be provided on the land area 60.
the protrusions 58 may be additionally applied to the cover 12 by an additive manufacturing process and positioned on the respective cover surfaces 40, 42 in a predetermined protrusion cover layout 46, 48 (fig. 4). The predetermined raised cover configurations 46, 48 may cover a small portion of the respective cover surfaces 40, 42 and/or a large portion of the respective cover surfaces 40, 42. In addition, the predetermined raised cover configurations 46, 48 may be varied from the covers 28, 30, 32 and may be further customized from the covers 28, 30, 32, e.g., each cover may include a unique design or predetermined raised cover configurations 46, 48. In other words, the protrusions 58 and the surface texture 44 formed thereby need not be uniform over a majority of the outer substrate surface 18, or over the entire cover surface 40, 42.
In one example, as shown in fig. 4, the protrusion 58 may be positioned on the first cover surface 40 of the first cover 30 in the first predetermined protrusion cover layout 46 to result in the first surface profile 50 (fig. 5). The protuberance 58 may be positioned on the second ball skin surface 42 of the second ball skin 32 in the second predetermined protuberance bulb layout 48 to result in the second surface profile 52 (fig. 6). As shown in fig. 4-6, the first predetermined raised skin layout 46 may be different than the second predetermined raised skin layout 48, and the first surface profile 50 (fig. 5) may be different than the second surface profile 52 (fig. 6).
Referring to fig. 3, 5, 6, 9, and 11A-11G, in some embodiments, the feature surface 21 may also include at least one depression 34, 38. In such example embodiments, the mechanoluminescence material may be disposed in at least one recess 34, 38.
The at least one recess 34, 38 may be defined as at least one seam 38, wherein the at least one seam 38 is configured to join the respective panels 28, 30, 32 together along the adjacent edge regions 36 (fig. 4 and 12A-12B). The cover 28, 30, 32 may be attached at least one seam 38 by at least one of stitching (manual or machine stitching), adhesive, bonding, welding, or other suitable attachment process. As used herein, the term "weld" or variants thereof (e.g., "thermal bond") is defined as a technique for securing two elements to one another that involves softening or melting the polymeric material of at least one of the elements such that the materials of the elements are secured to one another upon cooling. Similarly, the term "weld" or variants thereof (e.g., "thermal bond") is defined as a bond, link, or structure that joins two elements by a process that involves softening or melting the polymeric material of at least one of the elements such that the materials of the elements are secured to one another upon cooling. An example of a solder joint 38 is disclosed in U.S. patent publication No. 8,608,599 to Raynak et al, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
at least one of the seams 38 has an end 63 disposed on the feature surface 21 such that the end 63 is radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface 18 (fig. 9) in a direction along the interior substrate surface 20. The mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in one of the outer matrix 24 and the outer surface layer 25 and disposed at the featured surface 21 in the at least one seam 38. The mechanoluminescence material may be provided in all of the seams 38 present on the sports ball 10 or the mechanoluminescence material may be selectively provided in selected one or more of the seams 38 on the sports ball 10.
The at least one recess 34, 38 may be defined as at least one pseudo-seam 34. The term pseudo-seam 34 as used herein is defined as a depression in the cover 12 that is defined by the feature surface 21 and is not the seam 38. Pseudo seam 34 may impart various advantages to ball 10. For example, the pseudo seam 34 may enhance the aerodynamic properties of the ball 10, or provide an individual with greater grip or control of the ball 10 during play (e.g., during kicking, dribbling, or passing).
The pseudo-seam 34 may be formed in the outer substrate 24 by various manufacturing processes, including but not limited to compression. An example of a manufacturing process for forming pseudo seam 34 is disclosed in U.S. patent publication No. 9,370,693 to Berggren et al, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
Referring to fig. 11A-11F, a pseudo seam 34 is formed in the cover 12 and extends toward the interior 16. Intermediate structure 14 is positioned between outer matrix 24 and inner bladder 16. The outer substrate 24 is bonded to the intermediate structure 14 at the corresponding pseudo-seams 34. More specifically, the outer substrate 24 may be directly bonded to the second intermediate cap layer 22 at the pseudo-seam 34 (FIGS. 11A-C and 11E-G).
At least one pseudo seam 34 may include an outer recess 82 and an inner recess 84. The exterior recess 82 is defined by the feature surface 21 and has a tip 65 disposed on the feature surface 21 such that the tip 65 is radially spaced from the exterior substrate surface 18 by a depth 67 of greater than about 0.05 millimeters (mm).
the mechanoluminescence material may be provided at the feature surface 21 in at least one of the pseudo-seams 34. More specifically, the mechanoluminescence material may be disposed within the outer recesses 82 of each pseudo seam 34. The mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in one of the outer matrix 24 and the outer surface layer 25 and disposed at the feature surface 21 in the outer recess 82 of at least one pseudo seam 34. The mechanoluminescence material may be disposed in the outer recesses 82 of all of the pseudo-seams 34 present on the sports ball 10, or the mechanoluminescence material may be selectively disposed in the outer recesses 82 of selected one or more of the pseudo-seams 34 on the sports ball 10.
The specific configuration of pseudo-seam 34 may vary significantly. Referring to fig. 11A-11D, the recesses 82 and 84 may have a generally circular configuration. As shown in FIG. 11A, the depressions 82 and 84 extend to approximately the midpoint of the thickness 88 of the cover cross-section. In another configuration, as shown in FIGS. 11B and 11C, the outer recess 82 extends through a greater portion of the thickness 88 of the ball cover cross-section than does the inner recess 84. In yet another configuration, as shown in FIG. 11C, the exterior recess 82 extends through substantially all of the thickness 88 of the cover cross-section. As also shown in fig. 11C, in some embodiments, the second intermediate layer 22 may have a generally planar configuration opposite the outer recess 82. In other words, in some embodiments, the pseudo-seam 34 may have only the outer recess 82 and no inner recess 84.
Referring to fig. 11D, the depressions 82 and 84, and the outer substrate 24 and the second intermediate cap layer 22 may be spaced apart from each other such that a portion of the first intermediate layer 26 extends between the depressions 82 and 84, and between the outer substrate 24 and the second intermediate cap layer 22. In this configuration, the outer substrate 24 is bonded to the first intermediate layer 26 at the pseudo-seam 34. In such an example, the first intermediate layer 26 has a first thickness 90 between the recesses 82 and 84 and at the ends 65 of the outer recesses 82. In the same example, the first intermediate layer 26 has a second thickness 92 between the outer substrate 24 and the second intermediate cover layer 22 in the region spaced from the depressions 82 and 84 and the ends 65 of the outer depression 82. As shown in fig. 11D, the first thickness 90 is less than the second thickness 92.
alternatively, pseudo-seam 34 may include an outer recess 82 and an inner recess 84 exhibiting a generally square configuration (fig. 11E-11G). For example, in some embodiments, the recesses 82, 84 may have a generally square cross-sectional configuration. Such a generally square cross-sectional configuration may have a more pronounced appearance than the recesses 82, 84 having a generally circular cross-sectional configuration. In addition, the generally square shaped depressions 82, 84 may also provide performance advantages such as aerodynamic properties, ball feel, and water channeling.
As shown in fig. 11E-11F, the outer recess 82 and the inner recess 84 are two opposing recesses having a generally square cross-sectional configuration. In fig. 11E, the depressions 82 and 84 extend to approximately the midpoint of the thickness 88 of the cover cross-section such that the tip 65 of the outer depression 82 is located at approximately the midpoint of the thickness 88 of the cover cross-section on the feature surface 21.
In fig. 11F-11G, the exterior recess 82 may extend through substantially the entire thickness 88 of the cover cross-section. As also shown in fig. 11F-11G, in some embodiments, the second intermediate layer 22 may have a generally planar configuration opposite the outer recess 82. In other words, in some embodiments, the pseudo-seam 34 may have only the outer recess 82, and no inner recess 84.
as shown in fig. 11G, in one example embodiment, pseudo-seam 34 may include a generally square outer recess 82 having a rounded shoulder 29. In some embodiments, the generally square shoulder 29 may have a minimum radius, as shown in FIG. 11F. In another exemplary embodiment, a rounded shoulder 29 with a larger radius may be used, as shown in FIG. 11G.
In addition, as shown in FIGS. 9A-9E and 12A-12B, a pseudo seam 34 may be provided to create a design that enhances the aesthetics of the ball 10. In some configurations, similar to that shown in the example in fig. 12A, pseudo seam 34 may also form indicia 86, indicia 86 identifying the manufacturer of ball 10 (logo or trademark) or conveying information about the characteristics of ball 10.
With further reference to fig. 12A-12B, the pseudo seam 34 may be positioned in the first cover surface 40 of the first cover 30 in a first predetermined pseudo seam cover layout 75 and may also be positioned in the second cover surface 42 of the second cover 32 in a second predetermined pseudo seam cover layout 76. As shown in fig. 12A, the first predetermined pseudo-seam ball cover layout 75 may be different from the second predetermined pseudo-seam ball cover layout 76. As shown in fig. 12B, the first predetermined pseudo-seam ball cover layout 75 may be the same as the second predetermined pseudo-seam ball cover layout 76.
Such as, but not limited to, those shown in fig. 3, 10A-10E, and 12A-12B, the positioning of each pseudo-seam 34 in each cover layout 75, 76 on each cover surface 40, 42 may vary significantly. In some example embodiments, the pseudo seam 34 may be spaced apart from the seam 38 of the sports ball 10. Manufacturing may be facilitated by providing a generally smooth surface at the peripheral edges of the covers that are attached to one another. Additionally, separating the pseudo-seam 34 from the seam 38 may provide performance advantages such as aerodynamic properties and ball feel.
In other example embodiments, the pseudo-seams 34 may extend to the edges 36 (fig. 12B) of the covers 28, 30, 32, and thus continue across the respective seams 38. More specifically, the pseudo seam 34 on the first cover 30 and the pseudo seam 34 on the second cover 40 may be generally aligned with each other on the respective seams 38. Simultaneously recessing the plurality of covers (e.g., by indenting a sheet of the outer matrix 24 material and then cutting the sheet into a plurality of covers 28, 30, 32) may facilitate manufacturing. It is also possible to carry a pattern, layout, or other design across multiple covers, bridging the seam 38 between the covers 28, 30, 32.
In yet another example embodiment, where cover 12 has a generally uniform or uninterrupted configuration that includes no cover 28 or less covers, pseudo-seam 34 may be positioned in an area of cover 12 corresponding to the location of seam 38 in a conventional eleven-cover sport ball 10 to give seam 38 an appearance.
as shown in fig. 3-6, the plurality of protuberances 58, the plurality of land areas 60, and the plurality of pseudo-seams 34 collectively define a topographical design 56 on the exterior surface 13 of the sports ball 10. Accordingly, the mechanoluminescence material may be selectively positioned at the respective protrusions 58, seams 38, and pseudo-seams 34 to produce a topographical design 56 that luminesces in response to externally applied pressure or mechanical stimulus. Alternatively, the mechanoluminescence material may be embedded in the outer matrix 24 or outer surface layer 25 and disposed at land area 60 such that land area 60 luminesces in response to externally applied pressure or mechanical stimulus and the topographical design 56 retains the original color.