阅读说明：本技术 用于车辆驾驶室的立柱 (Column for vehicle cab ) 是由 皮埃尔·奥尔韦格伦 拉斐尔·库西尼亚克 托涅·尤盖奇 于 2018-02-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种用于车辆(1)的驾驶室(2)的立柱(201),所述立柱具有：结构端(202),其适于连接到驾驶室(2)的下部区域中的结构；和车顶端(203),其适于连接到驾驶室(2)的车顶,所述立柱包括纵长的管状元件(204),所述管状元件具有在立柱内纵向延伸的管状元件空腔(205),其中,所述立柱还包括纵长的加强元件(211),所述加强元件在管状元件的纵向方向上沿管状元件的一部分纵向延伸并具有基部端(212)和自由端(213),加强元件(211)的包括其自由端的锥形部(215)位于管状元件空腔(205)内并在从基部端(212)朝向自由端(213)的方向上渐缩,所述加强元件的基部(216)至少部分地位于管状元件空腔(205)内并从锥形部(215)延伸到基部端(212),所述加强元件(211)的基部端(212)形成立柱的结构端,或者与自由端(213)相比更靠近立柱的结构端(202),所述加强元件在锥形部(215)和基部(216)之间具有平滑过渡。(The invention provides a column (201) for a cab (2) of a vehicle (1), said column having: a structure end (202) adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab (2); and a roof end (203) adapted to be connected to the roof of the cab (2), the pillar comprising an elongate tubular element (204) having a tubular element cavity (205) extending longitudinally within the pillar, wherein the pillar further comprises an elongate stiffening element (211) extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular element in a longitudinal direction of the tubular element and having a base end (212) and a free end (213), a taper (215) of the stiffening element (211) including its free end being located within the tubular element cavity (205) and tapering in a direction from the base end (212) towards the free end (213), a base (216) of the stiffening element being located at least partially within the tubular element cavity (205) and extending from the taper (215) to the base end (212), the base end (212) of the stiffening element (211) forming the structural end of the pillar, or closer to the structural end (202) of the upright than to the free end (213), the reinforcing element having a smooth transition between the tapered portion (215) and the base portion (216).)

1. A mast (201) for a cab (2) of a vehicle (1), said mast having: a structure end (202), said structure end (202) being adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab (2); and a vehicle roof end (203), said vehicle roof end (203) being adapted to be connected to a roof of said cab (2), said pillar comprising an elongated tubular element (204) having a tubular element cavity (205) extending longitudinally within said pillar, characterized in that said pillar further comprises an elongated reinforcement element (211) extending longitudinally along a portion of said tubular element in a longitudinal direction of said tubular element and having a base end (212) and a free end (213), a taper (215) of said reinforcement element (211) comprising said free end of said reinforcement element, said taper (215) being located within said tubular element cavity (205) and tapering in a direction from said base end (212) towards said free end (213), a base (216) of said reinforcement element being located at least partially within said tubular element cavity (205) and extending from said taper (215) to said base end (212), the base end (212) of the reinforcement element (211) forming the structural end of the upright or closer to the structural end (202) of the upright than the free end (213), the reinforcement element having a smooth transition between the taper (215) and the base (216).

2. Column according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular element cavity (205) has a substantially constant cross section.

3. Post according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said base (216) has a substantially constant cross section.

4. Stud according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (211) has a convex curved shape (214) along at least a portion of the tapered portion, this portion being adjacent to the base (216).

5. Column according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (211) has a side (221) extending straight in the longitudinal direction of the tubular element, the taper of the tapered portion (215) being formed by a side (222) opposite and progressively closer to the straight side (221).

6. Stud according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (211) is not fixed to the tubular element (204) in a region extending from the free end (213) along at least 75% of the length of the reinforcing element (211).

7. Post according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base (216) extends laterally in two orthogonal directions along a major part of the tubular element cavity (205).

8. Post according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in cross section the clearance between all the outer sides of the base and the tubular element (204) does not exceed 4 mm.

9. Stud according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (211) has a side (221) extending straight in the longitudinal direction of the tubular element, the taper of the tapered portion (215) being formed by a side (222) opposite and progressively closer to the straight side (221), wherein the gap between the tubular element (204) and the side (222) opposite the straight side (221) can be greater than 4mm and the gap between the tubular element (204) and the remaining sides (221, 231) of the tapered portion does not exceed 4 mm.

10. Stud according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a symmetrical cross-section at the taper (215), whereby the stud has a symmetry plane (SP1), the symmetry plane (SP1) having a normal (N1) in the lateral direction of the stud, and the taper (215) is tapered when viewed along the normal (N1) of the symmetry plane (SP 1).

11. The upright of claim 10, wherein said base (216) extends laterally from one end to the other end of said tubular element cavity (205) along said symmetry plane (SP 1).

12. A pillar for a cab (2) of a vehicle, the pillar having: a structure end (202), said structure end (202) being adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab (2); and a vehicle roof end (203), said vehicle roof end (203) being adapted to be connected to a roof of said cab (2), said pillar comprising an elongated tubular element (204) having a tubular element cavity (205) extending longitudinally within said pillar, characterized in that said pillar further comprises an elongated reinforcement element (211) extending longitudinally along a portion of said tubular element in a longitudinal direction of said tubular element, and having a base end (212) and a free end (213), a taper (215) of said reinforcement element (211) comprising said free end of said reinforcement element (211), said taper (215) being located within said tubular element cavity (205) and tapering in a direction from said base end (212) towards said free end (213), said base end (212) of said reinforcement element (211) forming said structural end of said pillar or being in communication with said free end (213) -compared to the structural end (202) closer to the stud, -wherein the stud has a symmetrical cross-section at the taper (215), whereby the stud has a symmetry plane (SP1), the symmetry plane (SP1) having a normal (N1) in a lateral direction of the stud, and the taper (215) is tapered when viewed along the normal (N1) of the symmetry plane (SP 1).

13. Stud according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the taper (215) extends substantially from one end to the other of the cross-section of the tubular element cavity (205) along the normal to the plane of symmetry (SP 1).

14. Stud according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular element (204) has a first inner surface (2041) and a second inner surface (2042) located opposite one another, wherein the tapered portion (215) of the reinforcing element has a first portion (226) at the first inner surface (2041) and a second portion (227) at the second inner surface (2042) of the tubular element, at least one reinforcing element cavity (232) being formed between the first portion (226) and the second portion (227).

15. A pillar for a cab (2) of a vehicle, the pillar having: a structure end (202), said structure end (202) being adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab (2); and a vehicle roof end (203), said vehicle roof end (203) being adapted to be connected to a roof of said cab (2), said pillar comprising an elongated tubular element (204) having a tubular element cavity (205) extending longitudinally within said pillar, characterized in that said pillar further comprises an elongated reinforcement element (211) extending longitudinally along a portion of said tubular element in a longitudinal direction of said tubular element, and having a base end (212) and a free end (213), a taper (215) of said reinforcement element (211) comprising said free end of said reinforcement element, said taper (215) being located within said tubular element cavity (205) and tapering in a direction from said base end (212) towards said free end (213), said base end (212) of said reinforcement element (211) forming said structural end of said pillar or being further than said free end (213) -near the structural end (202) of the upright, -wherein the tubular element (204) has a first inner surface (2041) and a second inner surface (2042) located opposite each other, -wherein the tapered portion of the stiffening element has a first portion (226) at the first inner surface (2041) of the tubular element and a second portion (227) at the second inner surface (2042), -wherein at least one stiffening element cavity (232) is formed between the first portion (226) and the second portion (227).

16. Stud according to any one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that it has a symmetrical cross-section at the taper (215), whereby the stud has a plane of symmetry (SP1), the plane of symmetry (SP1) having a normal (N1) in the lateral direction of the stud, and the taper (215) is tapered when viewed along the normal (N1) to the plane of symmetry (SP1), and the first portion (226) and the second portion (227) of the stiffening element (211) are distributed on opposite sides of the plane of symmetry (SP 1).

17. Upright according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that said first portion (226) and said second portion (227) are connected to each other by at least one connection (228, 229).

18. Post according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said reinforcing element (211) comprises a core (225) having a U-shaped cross section.

19. Stud according to claim 18, characterized in that the taper of the tapered portion (215) of the reinforcing element (211) is formed by two flanges (226, 227) formed by the U-shaped cross-section of the core (225), progressively becoming shorter towards the free end (213) of the reinforcing element (211).

20. Upright according to any one of claims 18 to 19, characterized in that said core (225) is welded to said tubular element (204) at three outer surfaces (231) formed by said U-shaped cross-section.

21. Upright according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that said core (225) and said tubular element (204) have substantially the same wall thickness.

22. The upright according to any of the claims from 18 to 21, characterized in that said stiffening element (211) comprises a web (228) extending between two flanges (226, 227) formed by the U-shaped cross section of the core (225).

23. Upright according to claim 22, characterized in that said core (225) has a core base (229), said core base (229) connecting said two flanges (226, 227) formed by said U-shaped cross section of said core (225), and in that the distance between said web (228) and said core base (229) is smaller towards said free end (213) of said reinforcing element (211) than towards said base end (212) of said reinforcing element.

24. Upright according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said reinforcing element (211) is a first reinforcing element, the upright further comprising an elongated second reinforcement element (241) extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular element in the longitudinal direction of the tubular element and having a base end (242) and a free end (243), the free end of the second reinforcement element (241) being located within the tubular element cavity (205) and between the free end (213) of the first reinforcement element and the roof end (203) of the upright (201), the base end (242) of the second reinforcement element (241) forms the roof end (203) of the upright or is closer to the roof end of the upright than the free end of the second reinforcement element.

25. A pillar for a cab (2) of a vehicle, the pillar having: a structure end (202), said structure end (202) being adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab (2); and a roof end (203), said roof end (203) being adapted to be connected to a roof of said cab (2), said pillar comprising an elongated tubular element (204) having a tubular element cavity (205) extending longitudinally within said pillar, characterized in that said pillar further comprises an elongated first reinforcement element (211), said first reinforcement element (211) extending longitudinally along a portion of said tubular element in a longitudinal direction of said tubular element and having a base end (212) and a free end, said free end being located within said tubular element cavity (205) and between said structure end (202) and said roof end (203) of said pillar, said base end (212) of said first reinforcement element (211) forming said structure end of said pillar or being closer to said structure end (202) of said pillar than said free end (213), the upright further comprises a second reinforcement element (241) located in the tubular element cavity (205), the second reinforcement element (241) extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular element (204) in the longitudinal direction of the tubular element and having a base end (242) and a free end (243), the free end of the second reinforcement element (241) being located within the tubular element cavity (205) and between the free end (213) of the first reinforcement element (211) and the top end (203) of the upright, the base end (242) of the second reinforcement element (241) forming the top end (203) of the upright or being closer to the top end of the upright than the free end of the second reinforcement element.

26. The column according to claim 25, wherein the taper of the first reinforcement element (211) comprises the free end (213) of the first reinforcement element (211), the taper being located within the tubular element cavity (205) and tapering in a direction from the base end (212) of the first reinforcement element towards the free end (213) of the first reinforcement element.

27. The column according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the tapered portion (245) of the second reinforcement element (241) comprises the free end (243) of the second reinforcement element (241), the tapered portion (245) of the second reinforcement element (241) being located within the tubular element cavity (205) and tapering in a direction from the base end (242) of the second reinforcement element towards the free end (243) of the second reinforcement element.

28. Stud according to claim 27, characterized in that the base (246) of the second reinforcement element (241) is located at least partially in the tubular element cavity (205) and extends from the taper (245) of the second reinforcement element (241) to the base end (242) of the second reinforcement element (241), the second reinforcement element (241) having a smooth transition between the taper (245) and the base (246).

29. Stud according to any one of claims 27 to 28, characterized in that it has a symmetrical cross section at the taper (245) of the second stiffening element (241), whereby it has a symmetry plane (SP2), the symmetry plane (SP2) having a normal (N2) in the lateral direction of the stud, and the taper (245) of the second stiffening element (241) is tapered when viewed along the normal (N2) of the symmetry plane (SP 2).

30. The stud of claim 29, wherein a taper of the first reinforcement element (211) comprises the free end (213) of the first reinforcement element (211), the taper of the first reinforcement element (211) being located within the tubular element cavity (205) and tapering in a direction from the base end (212) of the first reinforcement element towards the free end (213) of the first reinforcement element, and the stud having a symmetrical cross-section at the taper (215) of the first reinforcement element (211), whereby the stud has a plane of symmetry (SP1), the plane of symmetry (SP1) having a normal (N1) in a lateral direction of the stud, and the taper (215) of the first reinforcement element (211) being tapered when viewed along the normal (N1) of the plane of symmetry (SP1), -the symmetry plane (SP1) at the taper (215) of the first reinforcement element (211) and the symmetry plane (SP2) at the taper (245) of the second reinforcement element (241) are substantially parallel, -the first reinforcement element (211) and the second reinforcement element (241) are oriented: is mirrored when viewed along the normal (N1, N2) to any one of the symmetry planes.

31. Upright according to any one of claims 24 to 30, characterized in that the free ends (213, 243) are arranged at a distance from each other.

32. A structural frame for a cab of a vehicle, the structural frame comprising a pillar according to any preceding claim.

33. A structural frame according to claim 32, characterised in that the tapering (215) of the stiffening element (211) of the upright is located above the structure (208, 2081) in the lower region of the cab.

34. A vehicle comprising a post according to any one of claims 1 to 31 or a structural frame according to any one of claims 32 to 33.

35. Vehicle according to claim 34, characterized in that the pillar has a symmetrical cross section at the taper (215) of the reinforcement element (211), whereby the pillar has a symmetry plane (SP1), the symmetry plane (SP1) having a normal (N1) in a lateral direction of the pillar, and the taper (215) of the reinforcement element (211) is tapered when viewed along the normal (N1) of the symmetry plane (SP1), the symmetry plane (SP1) being oriented to extend parallel to a Deformation Direction (DD), which is a main deformation direction assumed in case of a rollover accident of the vehicle.

36. The vehicle of claim 35, characterized in that the deformation direction is parallel to a lateral direction of the vehicle.

37. The vehicle of claim 35, characterized in that the deformation direction is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a column for a vehicle cab, comprising: a structural end adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab; and a roof end adapted to be connected to a roof of the cab. The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such a pillar.

The invention is suitable for vehicles in the form of construction machines, in particular wheel loaders, in the field of industrial construction machines or construction equipment. Although the invention will be described in relation to a wheel loader, the invention is not limited to this particular machine, but may also be used in other work machines, such as articulated haulers, excavators and backhoe loaders. The invention can also be applied to heavy vehicles, such as trucks, buses and construction equipment. The invention may also be used in other vehicles, such as cars.

Background

Vehicles in the form of work machines, such as wheel loaders or articulated trucks, are often provided with buckets, containers or other types of implements for digging, handling and/or transporting material. For example, a wheel loader has a lift arm unit for raising and lowering an implement such as a bucket. The lifting arm comprises a hydraulic cylinder for moving the load arm and an implement attached to the load arm. Typically, one pair of hydraulic cylinders is arranged for raising the load arm and the other hydraulic cylinder is arranged for tilting the implement relative to the load arm. Additionally, work machines are typically articulated frame steered and have a pair of hydraulic cylinders to turn/steer the work machine by pivoting the front and rear portions of the work machine relative to each other. The hydraulic system typically also comprises at least one hydraulic pump arranged to supply hydraulic power, i.e. hydraulic flow and hydraulic pressure, to the hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic pump is driven by a power source, such as an internal combustion engine or an electric motor.

For vehicles comprising work machines, many design measures are known to avoid or minimize injuries to persons in the vehicle in the event of an accident. For example, it is desirable to design a cab for accommodating a driver in a work machine in order to protect the driver. For this reason, the frame of the cab must be able to absorb energy when undergoing deformation (e.g., in the event of a rollover of the work machine).

US2001005092 describes a cab frame for a construction machine in which hollow pillars are formed as an outer panel and an inner panel joined to each other. A reinforcing member in the form of a thin plate is coupled to the outer panel or the inner panel to partition the inner space of each pillar. JP2000234352A describes an L-shaped reinforcement member fixed to a pillar portion and a floor for improving the rigidity of a connecting position between a cab pillar portion and a floor in a construction machine. However, it is desirable to further improve the structure of the vehicle cab in order to protect the persons in the cab in the event of an accident.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the invention to improve the safety of persons in a vehicle cab. Another object is to increase the energy absorption of the frame structure of the vehicle cab.

These objects are achieved by a post according to claim 1. Accordingly, the present invention provides a pillar for a cab of a vehicle, the pillar having: a structural end adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab; and a roof end adapted to be connected to a roof of the cab, the pillar comprising an elongate tubular member having a tubular member cavity extending longitudinally within the pillar, wherein the pillar further comprises an elongate reinforcing member extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular member in a longitudinal direction of the tubular member and having a base end and a free end, the tapered portion of the reinforcing member comprising the free end of the reinforcing member, the tapered portion being located within the tubular member cavity and tapering in a direction from the base end towards the free end, the base portion of the reinforcing member being located at least partially within the tubular member cavity and extending from the tapered portion to the base end, the base end of the reinforcing member forming the structural end of the pillar or being closer to the structural end of the pillar than to the free end, the reinforcing member having a smooth transition between the tapered portion and the base portion.

It will be appreciated that the free end is located between the structural end of the pillar and the roof end. It will also be appreciated that the reinforcing element may be located wholly or partially within the tubular element cavity. The tubular member may extend from the structural end of the pillar to the roof end. In some embodiments, the reinforcing element may protrude from the tubular element, whereby the structural end of the upright may be formed.

It will be appreciated that the structural end of the upright can be connected to the structure. It should be understood that the roof end of the pillar can be connected to the roof. It should be understood that the pillars may support the roof of the cab. It will be appreciated that when the upright is installed, the structural end is located below the roof end. The upright may be mounted vertically or inclined. The cab may be designed such that the body of an average sized adult in the cab extends within the cab in any suitable manner, for example, primarily within the lower portion of the interior of the cab. The length of the reinforcing element may be, for example, 33-50% of the length of the upright. However, the length of the stiffening element may be any length relative to the pillar, depending on the design of the cab for which it is intended, e.g. whether the pillar has one or two stiffening elements as described below. The ratio of the length of the tapered portion of the reinforcing element to the length of the reinforcing element may be 30-70%, for example 40-60%. The free end of the reinforcement element is located between the structural end of the pillar, which is adapted to be connected to a structure in the lower region of the cab, and the roof end. The base end of the reinforcing element forms the structural end of the upright or is closer to the structural end of the upright than the free end. Thereby, the free end may be located at a distance from the roof end of the pillar. Thereby, when the pillar is deformed in a lateral direction (e.g. due to a rollover accident of the vehicle), a major part of the deformation may be provided between the free end of the reinforcement element and the roof end. That is, the reinforcing element may avoid large deformations in the area of the pillar in which the reinforcing element is arranged. Since it is the lower region of the pillar that is reinforced by the reinforcement element, a major part of the deformation may occur above this lower region. Thereby, the risk of the pillar and other parts of the cab structure interfering with the persons in the cab is reduced.

The tubular element may have a substantially constant cross-section. The tubular element cavity may have a substantially constant cross-section. Thereby, the conical portion of the reinforcement element may be at a distance from the inner surface of the tubular element. This may allow for some deformation of the tubular element before interfering with the taper. In the event of an accident, for example when a vehicle rollover or rollover is involved, such deformation may increase the energy absorption of the pillars.

A smooth transition between the conical portion and the base of the reinforcing element may allow the transition to be free of any corners that may cause the tubular element to crack or buckle. Such cracking or buckling may reduce the energy absorbing capacity of the tubular element. Instead, due to the smooth transition, the reinforcing element may work like a forging tool (e.g., such as stamping or other cold working), which allows for a "gentle" treatment of the tubular element, thereby increasing the deformability and energy absorption capability of the column.

Thus, the present invention provides a stiffness that gradually decreases in the direction of the taper. The stiffness reduction will be continuous rather than stepwise due to the smooth transition between the conical portion and the base portion of the stiffening element. Thereby, some pre-deformation of the tubular element is allowed before the reinforcement element is fully effective in supporting the tubular element. This property is beneficial because cracking or buckling triggering effects caused by sudden stiffness changes are avoided.

The reinforcing element preferably has a convex curved shape along at least a portion of the conical portion adjacent to the base portion. The base may have a substantially constant cross-section. The base may be elongate and extend parallel to the tubular element. Thereby, a smooth curvature may be provided, and thus the tangent to the profile of the cone portion is gradually and continuously aligned with the longitudinal direction of the pillar. In an advantageous embodiment, the reinforcing element does not have a radius between the base end and the free end with respect to an axis transverse to the longitudinal extension of the reinforcing element, which is lower than the maximum width of the reinforcing element.

It should be noted that in case the tapering portion has a linear taper, a smooth transition between the tapering portion and the base portion of the stiffening element may also be provided. Thereby, the transition between the conical portion and the base portion may be curved, preferably with a relatively large radius of curvature.

The reinforcing element preferably has a side face extending straight in the longitudinal direction of the tubular element, the taper of the tapered portion being formed by a side face opposite and progressively closer to the straight side face. The tubular element may have a substantially rectangular cross-section. Thereby, the straight side and the side progressively closer to the straight side may face opposite inner surfaces of the tubular element. Thereby, the upright can be oriented such that said side progressively closer to the straight side faces in the following direction: this direction is opposite to the assumed direction of lateral deformation of the post in the event of an accident. Thereby, a relatively large energy-absorbing deflection of the tubular element may be provided before the tubular element is brought into contact with the free end of the reinforcement element.

It should be noted that in these embodiments, it is possible to provide a particularly controlled and energy-absorbing deformation, in which said side progressively closer to the straight side faces in a direction opposite to the assumed direction of the lateral deformation of the upright. However, controlled and energy-absorbing deformation may also be provided in other directions.

It should be noted that the invention may also provide a flexible and cost-effective solution. For example, a single reinforcing element design may be compatible with multiple tubular element designs to accommodate multiple vehicle designs. Furthermore, the reinforcement element may be hidden in the tubular element such that it does not affect the outer shape of the tubular element.

Preferably, the reinforcement element is not fixed to the tubular element in a region extending from the free end along at least 75%, preferably 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the length of the reinforcement element. It will be appreciated that in these embodiments the free end is not fixed to the tubular element. The reinforcing element is preferably fixed to the tubular element only at or near the base end. The reinforcing element may be fixed to the tubular element in a region extending from the base end along 25%, preferably 20%, 15%, 10% or 5% of the length of the reinforcing element. By "the reinforcement element is fixed to the tubular element near the base end" is preferably meant that the reinforcement element is fixed to the tubular element in said region extending from the base end. In some embodiments, the reinforcing element is welded, bolted, or riveted to the tubular element at or near the base end. In some embodiments, the reinforcement element is fixed to the tubular element only by a structure in the lower region of the cab. In a further embodiment, the reinforcement element is fixed to the tubular element only by the frame of the vehicle.

Since the reinforcement element is not fixed to the tubular element in said region extending from the free end along at least 75% of the length of the reinforcement element, sliding, i.e. relative longitudinal movement between the tubular element and the reinforcement element, is allowed in case of large deformations. This ensures the energy absorbing properties of the element. The connection between the elements at a distance from the base end, for example by means of welding, bolts or rivets, may create local instabilities due to the discrete forces transmitted at the connection, which may lead to buckling. By means of said embodiment, the risk thereof will be effectively reduced.

Preferably, the base extends laterally in two orthogonal lateral directions along a major portion of the tubular element cavity. The base may extend laterally in two orthogonal directions for at least 90% of the extension of the tubular element cavity. In case the tubular element has a symmetrical cross-section, e.g. a rectangular cross-section, the base may extend over a major part, e.g. at least 90%, of the lateral extension of the tubular element cavity, parallel and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry, as shown in the cross-section. In an advantageous embodiment, the gap between all outer sides of the base and the tubular element in cross-section does not exceed 4mm, preferably 3mm or 2 mm. For example, the gap may be 1-2 mm. Preferably, in the case where the reinforcing element has a side face extending straight in the longitudinal direction of the tubular element, the taper of the tapered portion is formed by a side face opposite the straight side face, which is gradually closer to the straight side face, the gap between the tubular element and said side face opposite the straight side face may be greater than 4mm, and the gap between the tubular element and the remaining side face of the tapered portion is not more than 4mm, preferably 3mm or 2 mm.

Thereby, a relatively tight fit between the reinforcement element and the tubular element may be provided. This will help to ensure a high energy absorption capacity of the pillar.

Advantageously, the pillar has a symmetrical cross section at the taper, wherein the pillar has a symmetry plane with a normal in a lateral direction of the pillar, and the taper is tapered when viewed along the normal of the symmetry plane. Thereby, the base may extend laterally from one end to the other end of the tubular element cavity along the symmetry plane. Thus, the tapered portion may have a symmetrical cross-section. This symmetry may provide substantially the same amount of support to the tubular element on both sides of the plane of symmetry during deformation of the tubular element. Thus, these embodiments may provide for a controlled deformation of the tubular element, since the risk of torsional deformation is reduced, in particular if the forces generating the deformation are substantially parallel to the plane of symmetry. Advantageously, the lateral extension of the reinforcing element at the free end along the symmetry plane is 20-80%, preferably 30-70%, more preferably 40-60% of the lateral extension of the reinforcing element at the transition between the conical portion and the base portion along the symmetry plane.

These objects are also achieved by a column for the cab of a vehicle, having: a structural end adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab; and a vehicle roof end adapted to be connected to a roof of a cab, the pillar comprising an elongate tubular element having a tubular element cavity extending longitudinally within the pillar, wherein the pillar further comprises an elongate reinforcing element extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular element in a longitudinal direction of the tubular element and having a base end and a free end, a tapered portion of the reinforcing element comprising the free end of the reinforcing element, the tapered portion being located within the tubular element cavity and tapering in a direction from the base end towards the free end, wherein the pillar has a symmetrical cross-section at the tapered portion, the base end of the reinforcing element forming the structural end of the pillar or being closer to the structural end of the pillar than to the free end, whereby the pillar has a plane of symmetry having a normal in a lateral direction of the pillar, and when viewed along the plane of symmetry, the tapered portion is tapered.

The advantages of such a symmetrical cross section of the upright, including the controlled deformation of the tubular element, have been described above. It will be appreciated that the free end is located between the structural end of the pillar and the roof end. It will also be appreciated that the base of the reinforcing element may be at least partially located in the tubular element cavity and extend from the taper to the base end.

Preferably, the tapered portion extends substantially from one end to the other end of the cross-section of the cavity of the tubular element along a normal to the plane of symmetry.

The tubular element may have a first inner surface and a second inner surface located opposite each other, wherein the tapered portion of the reinforcement element has a first portion at the first inner surface and a second portion at the second inner surface of the tubular element, with at least one reinforcement element cavity formed between the first portion and the second portion. Thereby, the reinforcement element may provide a wide support for the tubular element when the tubular element is deformed, while the weight of the reinforcement element may be kept relatively low. More specifically, the first and second portions may support respective lateral ends of the inner surface of the tubular element, and the reinforcing element cavity formed between the first and second portions contributes to weight reduction. It should be noted that preferably the first and second portions are located adjacent to the first and second inner surfaces of the tubular element.

These objects are also achieved by a column for the cab of a vehicle, having: a structural end adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab; and a vehicle roof end adapted to be connected to a roof of a cab, the pillar having an elongate tubular member with a tubular member cavity extending longitudinally within the pillar, wherein the pillar further comprises an elongate reinforcing member extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular member in a longitudinal direction of the tubular member and having a base end and a free end, a tapered portion of the reinforcing member comprising a free end of the reinforcing member, the tapered portion being located within the tubular member cavity and tapering in a direction from the base end towards the free end, the base end of the reinforcing member forming the structural end of the pillar or being closer to the structural end of the pillar than the free end, wherein the tubular member has a first inner surface and a second inner surface opposite each other, wherein the tapered portion of the reinforcing member has a first portion located at the first inner surface of the tubular member and a second portion located at the second inner surface, at least one stiffener element cavity is formed between the first portion and the second portion.

The advantages of these first and second portions of the stiffening element, including weight efficiency, have been described above. It will be appreciated that the free end is located between the structural end of the pillar and the roof end. It will be appreciated that the base of the reinforcing element may be at least partially located in the tubular element cavity and extend from the taper to the base end. As noted above, it is understood that the structural end of the pillar may be connected to the structure and the roof end of the pillar may be connected to the roof.

Preferably, in case the upright has a symmetrical cross section at the taper, whereby the upright has a plane of symmetry having a normal in a lateral direction of the upright, and the taper is tapered when viewed along the normal of the plane of symmetry, the first and second portions of the stiffening element are distributed on opposite sides of the plane of symmetry. By such a distribution of the first and second portions, a further control of the deformation of the tubular element can be ensured.

Suitably, the first and second portions are connected to each other by at least one connection. The reinforcing element may comprise a core having a U-shaped cross-section. Thus, the "lower" portion of the "U" may serve as a connection between the first and second portions formed by the "flanges" of the "U". In addition to being weight efficient, the U-shaped cross-section may also make the stiffening element simple and cost effective to manufacture.

Preferably, the taper of the tapered portion of the reinforcing element is formed by two flanges formed by the U-shaped cross-section of the core, progressively becoming shorter towards the free end of the reinforcing element. Thereby, the taper may be provided in a manner that is easy to implement in manufacturing.

The core may be welded to the tubular element at three outer surfaces formed by the U-shaped cross-section, for example at the structural ends of the uprights. Thereby, a simple and cost-effective way of assembling the tubular element and the reinforcement element may be provided.

Preferably, the core and the tubular element have substantially the same wall thickness. For example, the cores of the tubular elements and the reinforcing elements may be made of steel sheets of the same thickness. This helps to reduce the manufacturing cost of the stud.

Preferably, the reinforcing element comprises a web extending between two flanges formed by the U-shaped cross-section of the core. Thereby, it is ensured that buckling of the flange is prevented when the reinforcing element supports the deformed tubular element.

Preferably, in the case of a core having a core base connecting two flanges formed by the U-shaped cross-section of the core, the distance between the web and the core base is smaller towards the free end of the reinforcing element than towards the base end of the reinforcing element. Thus, the web may be at a small angle to the longitudinal direction of the post. Thereby, the web may be adapted to the conical profile of the flange of the core.

In some embodiments, the reinforcement element is a first reinforcement element, the pillar further comprising an elongate second reinforcement element extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular element in a longitudinal direction of the tubular element and having a base end and a free end, the free end of the second reinforcement element being located in the tubular element cavity between the free end of the first reinforcement element and the roof end of the pillar, the base end of the second reinforcement element forming the roof end of the pillar or being closer to the roof end of the pillar than the free end of the second reinforcement element.

Thereby, the deformation of the tubular element may be controlled to mainly occur between the free ends of the reinforcement elements. In addition, the second reinforcement element may be arranged to provide a further tapering stiffness of the upright, for example as described above, such that the energy absorption of the tubular element is further reduced. As mentioned above, the tubular element may extend from the structural end of the pillar to the vehicle top end. In an alternative embodiment, the second reinforcement element may protrude from the tubular element, whereby the vehicle top end of the pillar may be formed. The roof end is preferably attachable to the roof.

These objects are achieved by a pillar for a cab of a vehicle, having: a structural end adapted to be connected to a structure in a lower region of the cab; and a roof end adapted to be connected to a roof of a cab, the pillar comprising an elongate tubular member having a tubular member cavity extending longitudinally within the pillar, wherein the pillar further comprises an elongate first reinforcement member extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular member in a longitudinal direction of the tubular member and having a base end and a free end, the free end being located within the tubular member cavity and between the structural end and the roof end of the pillar, the base end of the first reinforcement member forming the structural end of the pillar or being closer to the structural end of the pillar than the free end, the pillar further comprising a second reinforcement member located within the tubular member cavity, the second reinforcement member extending longitudinally along a portion of the tubular member in the longitudinal direction of the tubular member and having a base end and a free end, the free end of the second reinforcement member being located within the tubular member cavity and between the free end of the first reinforcement member and the roof end of the pillar, the base end of the second reinforcement element forms the roof end of the pillar or is closer to the roof end of the pillar than the free end of the second reinforcement element.

The advantages of this dual stiffening element arrangement have already been mentioned above, including: the deformation of the tubular element can be controlled to occur mainly between the free ends of the reinforcing elements. It will be appreciated that the first and second reinforcing elements may be located wholly or partially within the tubular element cavity.

Preferably, the tapered portion of the first reinforcing element comprises a free end of the first reinforcing element, the tapered portion being located within the tubular element cavity and tapering in a direction from the base end of the first reinforcing element towards the free end of the first reinforcing element. Similarly, the tapered portion of the second reinforcing element comprises a free end of the second reinforcing element, the tapered portion being locatable within the tubular element cavity and tapering in a direction from the base end of the second reinforcing element towards the free end of the second reinforcing element. Thereby, the base of the second reinforcement element may be at least partially located in the tubular element cavity and may extend from the taper of the second reinforcement element to the base end of the second reinforcement element, the second reinforcement element having a smooth transition between the taper and the base.

Thereby, similarly to the above, the stiffness of the upright in the direction of the taper of the second reinforcement element gradually decreases. In the case where the first reinforcing element has a smooth transition between the tapered portion of the first reinforcing element and the base portion of the first reinforcing element as described above, the energy absorption of the pillar in the event of an accident (for example, involving a vehicle overturning or overturning) can be further enhanced.

Preferably, the stud has a symmetrical cross-section at the tapered portion of the second reinforcing element, whereby the stud has a plane of symmetry having a normal in a lateral direction of the stud, and the tapered portion of the second reinforcing element is tapered when viewed along the normal of the plane of symmetry. Similar to what has been described above, the base of the second reinforcing element may thus extend laterally from one end of the tubular element cavity to the other along the symmetry plane. Thus, the tapered portion of the second reinforcing element may have a symmetrical cross-section. Thereby, as mentioned above, a controlled deformation of the tubular element may be provided, since the risk of torsional deformation is reduced, in particular in case the forces generating the deformation are substantially parallel to the plane of symmetry.

Where the stud has a symmetrical cross-section at the tapered portion of the first reinforcing element, whereby the stud has a plane of symmetry having a normal in a lateral direction of the stud, and the tapered portion of the first reinforcing element is tapered when viewed along the normal to the plane of symmetry, the plane of symmetry at the tapered portion of the first reinforcing element and the plane of symmetry at the tapered portion of the second reinforcing element may be substantially parallel, the first reinforcing element and the second reinforcing element may be oriented so as to both mirror images when viewed along the normal to either plane of symmetry.

As exemplified below, a mirror image of the reinforcing elements may be provided by rotating the second reinforcing element by 180 ° about a vertical axis with respect to the first reinforcing element. Thereby, the convex curve shape along the tapered portion of the first reinforcing element and the convex curve shape along the tapered portion of the second reinforcing element are oriented in opposite directions. Thereby, the conical portions of the stiffening elements may have substantially the same geometry. However, in some embodiments, the tapered portion of the stiffening element may have a substantially different geometry.

This mirror-image arrangement of the reinforcing elements makes it possible to provide an advantageous s-shaped deformation of the upright. Thus, buckling of the tubular element may be avoided and instead shear failure of the tubular element may be provided. Such deformation is particularly capable of absorbing energy during an accident, for example, when a rollover accident involving the vehicle.

Preferably, the free ends are arranged at a distance from each other. This ensures the advantageous s-shaped deformation.

These objects are also achieved by a structural frame for the cab of a vehicle according to claim 32. Preferably, the tapered portion of the reinforcing element of the pillar is located above the structure in the lower region of the cab.

These objects are also achieved by a vehicle according to claim 34. Preferably, in the case where the pillar of the vehicle has a symmetrical cross section at the conical portion of the reinforcing element, whereby the pillar has a plane of symmetry having a normal in the lateral direction of the pillar, and the conical portion of the reinforcing element is tapered when viewed along the normal of the plane of symmetry, said plane of symmetry is oriented so as to extend parallel to a deformation direction, which is the main deformation direction assumed in the case of a vehicle rollover accident. The deformation direction suitably has a component in the lateral direction of the pillar. These embodiments may provide a controlled deformation of the tubular element, since the direction of deformation is substantially parallel to the plane of symmetry, thus reducing the risk of torsional deformation.

The deformation direction may be parallel to a lateral direction of the vehicle. Thereby, the energy absorption capacity of the pillar can be optimized by a symmetry plane oriented parallel to the lateral direction of the vehicle, when the main deformation assumed in case of a rollover accident of the vehicle is in the lateral direction of the vehicle. Alternatively, the deformation direction may be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Thus, when the main deformation assumed in the case of a rollover accident of the vehicle is in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, the energy absorption capacity of the pillar can be optimized by a symmetry plane oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Further advantages and advantageous features of the invention are disclosed in the following description and in the dependent claims.

Drawings

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the following is a more detailed description of embodiments of the invention cited as examples.

In these figures:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a vehicle in the form of a wheel loader.

Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a structural frame for the cab of the vehicle in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a side view of the structural frame of fig. 2, with some parts obscured by another part indicated by dashed lines.

Fig. 4 shows a detail as indicated by arrow a in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 shows a side view of a reinforcing element in the structural frame of fig. 3.

Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of the reinforcing element in fig. 5.

Fig. 7 shows a cross-sectional view as indicated by arrow B-B in fig. 3.

Fig. 8 shows a cross-sectional view as indicated by arrows C-C in fig. 3.

Fig. 9 shows a cross-sectional view as indicated by arrows D-D in fig. 3.

Fig. 10 shows a cross-sectional view as indicated by arrows E-E in fig. 3.

Fig. 11 shows a perspective view of a portion of the structural frame of fig. 3 when deformed.

Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of a structural frame having uprights according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Figure 13 shows a side view of a structural frame having a stud according to another embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is a view of a vehicle in the form of a work machine 1, more particularly a wheel loader. The wheel loader is an example of a working machine in which a column according to a suitable embodiment of the invention can be applied.

The wheel loader 1 has an implement 101. The term "implement" is intended to include any type of implement that is controlled by hydraulic pressure, such as a bucket, fork, or a grasping implement. The implement 101 shown in fig. 1 is a bucket 101, which is arranged on a load arm 102 for lifting and lowering the bucket 101. Furthermore, the bucket is able to tilt relative to the load arm. In the example shown in fig. 1, the hydraulic system of the wheel loader 1 comprises two hydraulic cylinders 103 for operating the load arm 102 and one hydraulic cylinder 104 for tilting the bucket 101 in relation to the load arm.

The hydraulic system of the wheel loader also comprises two hydraulic cylinders 105 (steering cylinders) arranged on opposite sides of the wheel loader 1 for turning the wheel loader by means of a relative movement of a front body section 106 and a rear body section 107. In other words: the wheel loader 1 is articulated and frame steered by means of a steering cylinder 105. There is one pivot joint connecting the front body section 106 and the rear body section 107 of the wheel loader 1 such that these sections are pivotally connected to each other to pivot about a substantially vertical axis.

The wheel loader 1 is provided with four wheels 108, i.e. two wheels per body section 106, 107. The wheel loader 1 has a propulsion system comprising an internal combustion engine (not shown) arranged to drive the wheels 108 via a drive train comprising a transmission.

The wheel loader also comprises a cab 2. The cab 2 is arranged to accommodate a driver of the wheel loader 1 and various control devices for the driver to control the wheel loader.

Referring to fig. 2, the structural frame of cab 2 is shown. The cab frame comprises a roof 207 supported by two uprights 201, said uprights 201 being arranged in the rear of the cab 2 with respect to the forward direction of travel of the vehicle 1. Two pillars 206 in the front portion of cab 2 provide additional support for roof 207. The upright 201 and the strut 206 extend substantially vertically. The mast 201 and the pillar 206 are mounted at their lower ends to a structure 208 in the lower region of the cab 2. The structure 208 is fixed to the frame of the rear body section 107 (fig. 1).

Reference is also made to fig. 3 and 4. Each upright 201 is secured to a structure 208 at a respective lower end, also referred to herein as a structure end 202. Each pillar 201 is secured to the roof 207 at a respective upper end, also referred to herein as the roof end 203.

Fig. 3 shows the left upright 201 relative to the intended forward direction of travel of the vehicle. The right upright 201 seen in fig. 2 is identical to the left upright 201. The post 201 comprises an elongate and straight tubular member 204, the tubular member 204 having a tubular member cavity 205 extending longitudinally within the post. The tubular element cavity 205 of the tubular element 204 has a substantially rectangular cross-section as can be seen in fig. 4. The cross-section of the tubular element cavity 205 is constant along the tubular element 204.

The column further comprises an elongate first reinforcing element 211 located in the tubular element cavity 205. The column also includes an elongated second reinforcing element 241, described further below.

The first reinforcement element 211 extends longitudinally along a portion of the tubular element 204 in the longitudinal direction of the tubular element. The first reinforcement element 211 has a base end 212 and a free end 213. The free end is located between the structural end 202 and the roof end 203 of the pillar 201. The base end 212 of the first reinforcing element 211 is located at the structural end 202 of the column and forms the structural end of the column together with the tubular element.

At the structure end 202, the tubular element is connected to the structure 208 by welding at a portion of the exterior of the tubular element. The first reinforcement element 211 is fixed to the tubular element. More specifically, as shown in fig. 4, at the structural end 202, a first reinforcing element 211 is welded to the tubular element 204 at three outer surfaces 231 thereof. Furthermore, the first reinforcement element 211 is not fixed to the tubular element 204 in the region extending from the free end 213 to said weld fixation location.

Alternatively, the post may be secured to the structure 208 by any other suitable fastening method, such as by bolting or riveting. In some embodiments, for example where the first reinforcing element 211 protrudes from the tubular element and forms the structural end 202 of the upright 201, the first reinforcing element may be fastened directly to the structure 208.

Reference is also made to fig. 5. The tapered portion 215 of the first reinforcement element 211, including its free end 213, tapers in a direction from the base end 212 towards the free end 213. The base 216 of the first reinforcing element extends from the taper 215 to the base end 212. In this embodiment, the taper extends over approximately half the length of the first stiffening element 211.

The first reinforcing element has a smooth transition between the conical portion 215 and the base portion 216. The first reinforcement element 211 has a convex curved shape 214 along the tapered portion. The base 216 has a substantially constant cross-section.

The first reinforcement element 211 has a first side 221 extending straight in the longitudinal direction of the first reinforcement element. The first side 221 extends parallel to the tubular element 204. The taper of the tapered portion 215 is formed by a second side 222, the second side 222 being opposite to the straight first side 221 and gradually approaching the first side. At the base 216, the second side 222 is straight and parallel to the first side 221. In this example, the curvature of the convex curved shape 214 along the taper is constant. As can be seen in fig. 5, the tangent to the curved portion of second side 222 is gradually and without any discontinuities in line with the straight portion of second side 222 as the distance from the straight portion of second side 222 gradually decreases.

Reference is also made to fig. 6 and 7. The stud has a symmetrical cross-section, whereby the stud has a first plane of symmetry SP1, the first plane of symmetry SP1 having a first normal N1 in the lateral direction of the stud. Thus, the conical portion 215 of the first stiffening element 211 has a symmetrical cross-section, and the conical portion 215 is tapered when viewed along the first normal N1 of the first symmetry plane SP 1. The first normal N1 is indicated by an arrow in fig. 6 and 7. As can be seen in fig. 7, for example, the taper 215 extends substantially from one end to the other end of the cross-section of the tubular element cavity 205 along a first normal N1 to the first plane of symmetry SP 1.

Reference is also made to fig. 8 and 9. As can be appreciated from fig. 8, the base 216 extends laterally from one end to the other end of the tubular element cavity 205 along a first plane of symmetry SP 1. As can be seen in fig. 8, the base 216 extends laterally over a major part of the lateral extension of the tubular element cavity 205 along the long side of the rectangular cross-section and along the short side thereof. Preferably, the clearance between all outer sides of the base and the tubular element does not exceed 4 mm.

As shown in fig. 9, the tubular element 204 has, due to its rectangular cross-section, a first inner surface 2041 and a second inner surface 2042 opposite each other. As shown in fig. 8, the first reinforcing element has a first portion 226 at or near the first inner surface 2041 of the tubular element and a second portion 227 at or near the second inner surface 2042. The first portion 226 and the second portion 227 of the first reinforcing element 211 are distributed on opposite sides of the first symmetry plane SP 1. A stiffening element cavity 232 is formed between first portion 226 and second portion 227. The first portion 226 and the second portion 227 are connected to each other by two connecting portions 228, 229.

More specifically, the first reinforcing element 211 comprises a core 225 having a U-shaped cross-section. Thus, the first and second portions 226, 227 are formed by flanges formed by the U-shaped cross-section. The taper of the tapered portion 215 of the first stiffening element 211 is formed by the two flanges 226, 227, the two flanges 226, 227 being progressively shorter towards the free end 213 of the first stiffening element 211. As described above, at the structural end 202 of the upright 201, the core 225 is welded to the tubular element 204 (fig. 4) at the three outer surfaces 231 formed by said U-shaped cross-section.

In this embodiment, the core 225 and the tubular element 204 have substantially the same wall thickness. The core 225 and the tubular member 204 may be made of any suitable material, such as steel. The core 225 and the tubular element 204 may be made of sheet metal of a suitable thickness, such as 3-10mm, for example 6 mm.

One of the connecting portions 228, 229 is formed by a core base portion 229 which the core 225 has. A core base 229 connects the two flanges 226, 227 formed by said U-shaped cross-section of the core 225. The other of the connecting portions 228, 229 is formed by a web 228 extending between the flanges 226, 227. In this example, the web extends from the free end 213 of the first reinforcing element 211 to the base end 212 of the first reinforcing element. It should be noted that the web is at a small angle such that the distance between the web 228 and the core base 229 is smaller towards the free end 213 than towards the base end 212.

refer to fig. 9. Preferably, the clearance between the outside of the U-shaped cross-section of the conical portion of the reinforcing element and the tubular element 204 does not exceed 4 mm.

As the following description clarifies, the second reinforcement element 241 shown in fig. 3 is substantially similar to the first reinforcement element 211. The second reinforcement element 241 is located in the tubular element cavity 205 and has a base end 242 and a free end 243. The free end of the second reinforcement element 241 is located between the free end 213 of the first reinforcement element and the roof end 203 of the pillar 201. The free ends 213, 243 are arranged at a distance from each other. The base end 242 of the second reinforcement element 241 forms together with the tubular element 204 the roof end 203 of the pillar.

Similar to the first reinforcement element 211, the taper 245 of the second reinforcement element 241 comprises a free end 243 of the second reinforcement element 241, the taper 245 tapering in a direction from the base end 242 of the second reinforcement element towards the free end 243 of the second reinforcement element. The base portion 246 of the second reinforcement element 241 extends from the tapered portion 245 of the second reinforcement element 241 to the base end 242 of the second reinforcement element 241, and the second reinforcement element 241 has a smooth transition between the tapered portion 245 and the base portion 246.

In this embodiment, the tubular element 204 extends from the structural end 202 of the upright 201 to the vehicle top end 203. In an alternative embodiment, one or both of the reinforcement elements 211, 241 may protrude from the respective end of the tubular element 204, thereby forming the structural end 202 and/or the roof end 203, respectively.

As shown in fig. 3, at the roof end 203, the tubular element 204 is connected to a horizontal beam 2071 of the roof 207 by welding at a portion of the exterior of the tubular element. Alternatively, the pillar may be secured to the roof 207 by any other suitable fastening method, such as by bolting or riveting. In some embodiments, the second reinforcement element 241 may be fastened directly to the roof, for example in case the second reinforcement element 241 protrudes from the tubular element and forms the roof end 202 of the pillar 201.

Reference is also made to fig. 10. Similar to what has been described above in relation to the first reinforcement element 211, the pillar has a symmetrical cross-section at the tapering portion 245 of the second reinforcement element 241, whereby the pillar has a second plane of symmetry SP2, the second plane of symmetry SP2 having a second normal N2 in the lateral direction of the pillar. The tapered portion 245 of the second stiffening element 241 is tapered when viewed along a second normal N2 of the symmetry plane.

The symmetry plane SP1 at the tapered portion 215 of the first reinforcement element 211 and the symmetry plane SP2 at the tapered portion 245 of the second reinforcement element 241 are substantially parallel. Thereby, the first and second reinforcement elements 211, 241 are oriented: both mirror images when viewed along the normal N1, N2 of either of the symmetry planes SP1, SP 2. As can be seen in fig. 3, in this embodiment the second reinforcement element 241 is rotated 180 ° about a vertical axis with respect to the first reinforcement element 211. Thereby, the convex curve 214 along the tapered portion 215 of the first reinforcement element 211 and the convex curve 244 along the tapered portion 245 of the second reinforcement element 241 are oriented in opposite directions.

As shown in fig. 3, both symmetry planes SP1, SP2 are oriented so as to extend parallel to a deformation direction DD, which is the main deformation direction assumed in the case of a vehicle rollover accident. In this example, the deformation direction DD is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, i.e. the straight direction of the vehicle.

In an alternative embodiment, the deformation direction may be parallel to the lateral direction of the vehicle. Thus, the normals N1, N2 of the above symmetry planes SP1, SP2 are preferably oriented along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Referring to fig. 11, there is shown a portion of the cab frame structure described above with reference to fig. 1 to 10 when subjected to a force in the deformation direction DD. It should be noted that the tapered portion 215 of the first reinforcing element 211 of the upright 204 is located above the structure 208 (including the horizontal beam 2081 of the structure 208) in the lower region of the cab. As can be seen in fig. 11, some deformation of the tubular element 204 is allowed before interfering with the tapered portions 215, 245 of the reinforcing elements 211, 241. This deformation increases the energy absorption of the pillar. Furthermore, the smooth transition between the tapered portions 215, 245 and the base portions 216, 246 of the reinforcing elements allows the transition to be free of any corners that may cause the tubular elements to break or buckle. Thus, the smooth transition and convex curved shape 214, 244 of the cone portion works similarly to a forging tool, increasing the deformation and energy absorbing capability of the column. The mirror image arrangement of the reinforcing elements 211, 241 provides an s-shaped deformation of the upright 201. Thus, buckling of the tubular element 204 is avoided, but instead shear failure of the tubular element is provided, thereby providing a process of specifically absorbing energy.

Refer to fig. 12. In the embodiment described with reference to fig. 1 to 11, the deformation direction DD is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 12, the deformation direction may be parallel to the lateral direction of the vehicle.

The embodiment in fig. 12 is similar to the embodiment described with reference to fig. 1 to 11. For example, the upright 201 has a parallel symmetry plane with a normal N in a parallel lateral direction of the upright 201, and the conical portion of the stiffening element 211, 241 is tapered when viewed along the normal N of the symmetry plane. Furthermore, the stiffening elements 211, 241 in each upright 201 are oriented as mirror images when viewed along the normal N. In addition, the posts 201 are oriented as mirror images relative to each other. I.e. one of the uprights 201 is rotated 180 deg. about a vertical axis with respect to the other upright 201. In each pillar, the convex curved shape of the lower first reinforcing member 211 faces outward from the cab. In each pillar, the convex curved shape of the upper second reinforcing member 211 faces inward.

Unlike the embodiment described with reference to fig. 1 to 11, the symmetry plane is oriented so as to extend parallel to the lateral direction of the vehicle. I.e. the normal N points in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The cab frame structure is therefore particularly suitable for absorbing energy from deformations in the lateral direction of the vehicle.

Fig. 13 shows a part of a frame structure of a cab having a pillar 201 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment in fig. 13 is similar to the embodiment described with reference to fig. 1 to 11. However, unlike the upright in the embodiment described with reference to fig. 1 to 11, the upright 201 shown in fig. 1 has only one reinforcing element 211, which corresponds to the element referred to as first reinforcing element 211 in the description above with reference to fig. 1 to 11.

It will be appreciated that a large number of alternatives to the described embodiments may be provided. For example, the web 228 of the stiffening element 211, 241 may extend along only a portion of the stiffening element 211, 241, such as along only the tapered portion 215, 245 of the stiffening element 211, 241. In some embodiments, where the reinforcing element comprises a core 225 having a U-shaped cross-section, the reinforcing element may not be provided with a web 228.

The stiffening elements 211, 241 may have a different cross-section than the stiffening elements described above. In some embodiments, the cross-section of the reinforcing element may be H-shaped. Thus, two flanges similar to the flanges 226, 227 in the example described above with reference to fig. 8 may be connected in the central portion of the cross-section by a single connection or web. Like the web 228 in the examples described above with reference to fig. 5, 6 and 8, the web in a reinforcing element with an H-shaped cross-section may be at a small angle, such that the distance between the web 228 and the side 221 extending straight in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing element is smaller towards the free end 213 of the reinforcing element than towards the base end 212 of the reinforcing element.

As described above, the present invention is applicable not only to construction machines, but also to other vehicle types such as trucks, buses and cars. It will be appreciated that in some embodiments the cab may be arranged to be occupied by a plurality of persons. These persons may include one or more passengers in addition to the vehicle driver.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings; rather, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and variations may be made within the scope of the appended claims.