阅读说明：本技术 一种南方甜樱桃改良丛枝形及其修剪方法 (Improved arbuscular shape of southern sweet cherry and pruning method thereof ) 是由 黄康康 沈国正 刘辉 骆慧枫 郗笃隽 张琛 裴嘉博 于 2019-09-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种南方甜樱桃改良丛枝形及其修剪方法,属于果树种植技术领域。本发明改良丛枝形的树体结构为：树高2.3-2.6m,干高40-50cm,树冠3.5-4.5m,骨干枝数在8-10个,骨干角度为15-30度,结果枝为25-35个。本发明公布的修剪方法通过3年的树形控制实现对甜樱桃树的整形,包括第一年培育主干和骨干枝,第二年培育骨干枝,第三年培育结果枝,本发明能够促使枝条分布均匀,增加内膛光照,通风透光好,有利于植株健康成长,减少修剪量、病虫危害,利于甜樱桃园的管理。本发明能够实现北樱南移后树体养分的最大化利用,并且日常管理工作量大大减轻,非常适合南方栽培。(The invention discloses an improved arbuscular shape of a sweet cherry in the south and a trimming method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree planting. The improved bush-shaped tree body structure of the invention is as follows: the tree is 2.3-2.6m high, the trunk is 40-50cm high, the crown is 3.5-4.5m, the number of the bone trunk branches is 8-10, the angle of the backbone is 15-30 degrees, and the number of the bearing branches is 25-35. The pruning method disclosed by the invention realizes the shaping of the sweet cherry trees through tree form control for 3 years, and comprises the steps of cultivating trunks and skeleton branches in the first year, cultivating skeleton branches in the second year and cultivating fruiting branches in the third year. The invention can realize the maximum utilization of the nutrients of the tree body after the northern cherry is moved south, greatly reduces the workload of daily management and is very suitable for southern cultivation.)

1. The improved arbuscular shape of the south sweet cherry is characterized in that the tree body structure of the improved arbuscular shape is as follows: the tree is 2.3-2.6m high, the trunk is 40-50cm high, the crown is 3.5-4.5m, the number of the bone trunk branches is 8-10, the angle of the backbone is 15-30 degrees, and the number of the bearing branches is 25-35.

2. the method for pruning the modified arbuscular shape of the sweet cherry in south of claim 1, wherein the pruning method comprises the following steps:

(1) culturing trunks and bone branches: planting sweet cherry trees 3 months before the first year, ridging and cultivating, fixing the stems 40-50cm away from the ground, coating wound smearing agent on cut openings, removing cut opening buds, controlling the distance, selecting the direction, cutting short and promoting the generation and branching when the young shoots grow to 60cm, removing branches at the cut back positions in 8 months, and reserving a plurality of branches; pulling branches in 10 months;

(2) Culturing bone dry branches: cutting before germination in the next year, pulling branches again when the branches grow to a certain length, pinching to promote the development of the branches on the back, trimming in winter, and cutting back the branches on the back of other current-year-old branches;

(3) Cultivating bearing branches: and in the third growing season, ensuring the tree body to have sufficient nutrition so as to ensure the tree body to have consistent growth vigor, continuously shaping, ensuring the tree body to have good ventilation and light transmission, keeping a plurality of branches on the back as bearing branch groups, controlling the height of the crown, and forming the tree shape into an improved multi-branch shape.

3. The sweet cherry pruning method for improving the shape of the multiple branches according to claim 2, wherein in the sweet cherry planting process, the row spacing of the trees is controlled to be 4m multiplied by 4m, ridge forming cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.2-1.8 m, and the ridge height is 0.3-0.7 m.

4. the sweet cherry pruning method for improving the arbuscular shape according to claim 2, wherein the orientation selected in the step (1) is controlled to be 110-130 degrees, and the young shoots with the angle of 117-123 degrees are provided with 3-4 full buds.

5. The sweet cherry pruning method for improving the arbuscular shape according to claim 2, wherein the branch pulling angle in the step (1) is 45-60 degrees; and (3) controlling the branch pulling angle to be 75-90 degrees when the branches grow to 1.3-1.6m in the step (2).

6. The sweet cherry pruning method for improving the arbuscular shape according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), before the sprouting, the trunk is cut short at a full bud of 50-70cm of the extended branches; the length of the truncation treatment in the step (2) is 40-60 cm.

7. The sweet cherry pruning method for improving the arbuscular shape according to claim 2, wherein the step (2) of pruning in winter thins out the branches on the back which are too strong or too weak, so as to adjust the tree vigor to be consistent.

8. the method for pruning the sweet cherry improved arbuscular form according to claim 2, wherein if the sweet cherry improved arbuscular form is not uniformly distributed and the tree body is lack of integrity in the process of cultivating the dry branches in the step (2), 3-5 lateral branches are cultivated as the dry branches 5-6 months in the next year.

9. the sweet cherry pruning method for improving the arbuscular shape according to claim 2, wherein the number of the branches on the back remained in the step (3) is 25-35, and the height of the crown is controlled to be 2.3-2.6 m; and (3) if the bearing branches are not uniformly branched in the bearing branch cultivating process, bud carving promotes growth of new shoots, and the bearing branch groups are uniformly distributed.

10. The method for pruning the sweet cherry improved arbuscular shape according to claim 2, wherein the pruning method is characterized in that 8-10 skeletal branches are cultured, 25-35 bearing branches grow on the skeletal branches, the pruning is carried out to form the arbuscular shape with obvious skeleton, the tree structure pruning technical system is simple and consistent, and the upright bearing branches can be used for dispersing the over-vigorous growth vigor of the tree.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to an improved arbuscular shape of southern sweet cherries and a pruning method thereof.

Background

The south sweet cherry is one of the most growing tree species in deciduous fruit trees, has strong tree vigor, vigorous growth and strong germination capacity, and is extremely sensitive to pruning reaction. The currently popularized tree forms comprise a single-trunk layered shape, a small-crown sparse layered shape, a slender spindle shape and the like. These trees can only achieve the desired effect with careful pruning.

The open-heart shape is a common tree shape for planting fruit trees in south, the ventilation and the light transmission in the garden are good, the center stem is endless, and the illumination in the inner chamber is increased. However, the growth cycle of the sweet cherries planted in the south is long, the sweet cherries grow vigorously due to too many branches on the back, and the sweet cherries are not beneficial to flower formation; the sweet cherry tree trunk is divided into 2-3 layers by the layered trunk, the side branches are trimmed and managed according to the layers, the technical condition requirement is strict, the trimming amount is large, and the early-stage yield is low. Therefore, a branch type and a pruning method capable of promoting seedling forming are urgently needed, the growth space can be fully utilized according to the characteristic that the sweet cherry grows in the south, healthy growth of plants is facilitated, pruning quantity and pest and disease damage are reduced, management of a sweet cherry orchard is facilitated, and the maximized utilization of tree nutrients after the north cherry moves in the south is realized.

disclosure of Invention

The first purpose of the invention is to provide an improved arbuscular shape of sweet cherries in the south, the branches of the improved arbuscular shape are uniformly distributed, the illumination of an inner chamber can be increased, the ventilation and light transmission are good, the healthy growth of plants is facilitated, the pruning quantity and the damage of diseases and pests are reduced, and the management of a sweet cherry orchard is facilitated.

In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provides an improved arbuscular shape of the sweet cherry in south, the tree body structure of the improved arbuscular shape is as follows: the tree is 2.3-2.6m high, the trunk is 40-50cm high, the crown is 3.5-4.5m, the number of the bone trunk branches is 8-10, the angle of the backbone is 75-90 degrees, and the number of the bearing branches is 25-35.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a pruning method for improved arbuscular shape of southern sweet cherry, branches treated by the pruning method are uniformly distributed, the ventilation and light transmission are good, the apical dominance can be kept, the pruning amount can be greatly reduced, and the maximum utilization of tree nutrients after the northern cherry is moved south can be realized.

in order to achieve the second purpose, the sweet cherry tree is shaped by tree form control for 3 years, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the pruning method for the improved arbuscular shape of the southern sweet cherry comprises the following steps:

(1) culturing trunks and bone branches: planting sweet cherry trees 3 months before the first year, ridging and cultivating, fixing the stems 40-50cm away from the ground, coating wound smearing agent on cut openings, removing cut opening buds, controlling the distance, selecting the direction, cutting short and promoting the generation and branching when the young shoots grow to 60cm, removing branches at the cut back positions in 8 months, and reserving a plurality of branches; pulling branches in 10 months;

(2) Culturing bone dry branches: cutting before germination in the next year, pulling branches again when the branches grow to a certain length, pinching to promote the development of the branches on the back, trimming in winter, and cutting back the branches on the back of other current-year-old branches;

(3) Cultivating bearing branches: and in the third growing season, ensuring the tree body to have sufficient nutrition so as to ensure the tree body to have consistent growth vigor, continuously shaping, ensuring the tree body to have good ventilation and light transmission, keeping a plurality of branches on the back as bearing branch groups, controlling the height of the crown, and forming the tree shape into an improved multi-branch shape.

In the technical scheme, in the process of planting the sweet cherries, the row spacing of the trees is controlled to be 4m multiplied by 4m, ridge forming cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.2-1.8 m, and the ridge height is 0.3-0.7 m.

In the technical scheme, the selected direction in the step (1) is controlled to be 110-130 degrees, and 3-4 plump buds are prepared from the young shoots with the angle of 117-123 degrees.

In the technical scheme, the branch pulling angle in the step (1) is 45-60 degrees; and (3) controlling the branch pulling angle to be 75-90 degrees when the branches grow to 1.3-1.6m in the step (2).

In the technical scheme, before sprouting in the step (2), the full buds of the trunk extension branches of 50-70cm are cut off; the length of the truncation treatment in the step (2) is 40-60 cm.

In the technical scheme, the trimming in the step (2) is carried out in winter to dredge the excessively strong or weak branches on the back so as to adjust the tree vigor to be consistent.

In the technical scheme, if the condition that the distribution is uneven and the integrity of the tree body is deficient occurs in the process of culturing the bone dry branches in the step (2), 3-5 lateral branches are cultured as the bone dry branches in 5-6 months in the next year.

In the technical scheme, the number of the branches on the back remained in the step (3) is 25-35, and the height of the crown is controlled to be 2.3-2.6 m; if the bearing branches are not uniformly branched in the bearing branch cultivating process in the step (3), bud carving promotes growth of new shoots, and uniform distribution of bearing branch groups is guaranteed.

In the technical scheme, the pruning method cultures 8-10 skeleton branches, 25-35 bearing branches grow on the skeleton branches, the bearing branches are pruned to be in a shape of a cluster with an obvious skeleton, the tree body structure pruning technical system is simple and consistent, and the over-vigorous growth vigor of the tree body can be dispersed by utilizing the bearing branches which grow vertically.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the method provided by the invention can enable the nursery stock to be quickly molded, fully utilize the growth space, control the crown width and the tree height, uniformly distribute branches, increase the illumination of an inner chamber, have good ventilation and light transmission, facilitate the healthy growth of plants, reduce the pruning quantity and the damage of diseases and pests and facilitate the management of a sweet cherry orchard according to the characteristics of long growth period, vigorous growth vigor and the like of the sweet cherry in the south;

(2) The invention can realize the maximum utilization of the nutrients of the tree body after the northern cherry is moved south, greatly reduces the workload of daily management and is very suitable for southern cultivation.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A modified arbuscular shape of a sweet cherry in south China, wherein the structure of the modified arbuscular shape tree body is as follows: the tree is 2.3-2.6m high, the trunk is 40-50cm high, the crown is 3.5-4.5m, the number of the bone trunk branches is 8-10, the angle of the backbone is 15-30 degrees, and the number of the bearing branches is 25-35.

A pruning method for improved arbuscular shape of southern sweet cherries comprises the following steps:

(1) Planting sweet cherry trees in the first year, cultivating trunks and bone trunk branches, selecting strong nursery stocks for field planting 3 months before the first year, carrying out ridging cultivation by using the nursery stocks with the row spacing of 4m multiplied by 4m, applying enough base fertilizer, the ridge width of 1.5m and the ridge height of 0.5m, fixing the stems according to 0.4m of the ground, coating wound coating agents on cut mouths, removing cut mouth buds, selecting fresh tips with the directions of 110-130 degrees and better angles (the angles are 117-123 degrees) to be provided with 3-4 full buds on the basis of ensuring the l0-15cm spacing, reserving 10-15cm short sections when the fresh tips grow to 60cm, promoting hair growth and branching, and thinning branches at the back cut positions in 8 months to reserve 8 uniform branches in different directions; pulling branches in the same year for 10 months, wherein the branch pulling angle is 45-60 degrees;

(2) In the next year, carrying out short-cut on full buds of 50-70cm of extension branches of a main trunk before sprouting, carrying out branch pulling again when the branches grow to 1.3-1.6m, wherein the branch pulling angle is 75-90 degrees, carrying out pinching treatment after the branches are pulled, promoting the development of upper back branches, thinning out the over-vigorous or over-weak upper back branches during trimming in winter to adjust the tree vigor to be consistent, carrying out short-cut on the upper back branches of other current-year generations by 40-60cm, and properly culturing 3-5 side branches as the main bone branches under the condition that the main bone branches are not uniformly distributed and the integrity of a tree body is deficient;

(3) and (3) cultivating fruiting branches in the third year, wherein the nutrition of the branches is sufficient in the growing season so as to enable the branches to grow uniformly, continuing to shape, keeping 25-35 branches on the back according to the tree vigor under the condition of ensuring good ventilation and light transmission of the branches to serve as fruiting branch groups, and promoting the growth of new shoots by adopting a bud carving mode if the branches are not uniformly distributed so as to ensure that the fruiting branch groups are uniformly distributed, the height of the crowns is controlled to be 2.3-2.6m, and the formed trees are improved in the shape of multiple branches. The method provided by the invention can enable the nursery stock to be quickly formed, fully utilize the growth space, control the crown width and the tree height, uniformly distribute branches according to the characteristics of long growth period, vigorous growth vigor and the like of the sweet cherry in the south, increase the illumination of an inner chamber, realize good ventilation and light transmission, facilitate the healthy growth of plants, reduce the pruning quantity and the damage of diseases and insects, and facilitate the management of a sweet cherry orchard.

the improved arbuscular type and the pruning method thereof can realize the maximum utilization of the nutrients of the tree body after the northern cherry is moved south, greatly reduce the daily management workload and are very suitable for southern cultivation.

The invention provides an embodiment:

A modified arbuscular shape of a sweet cherry in south China, wherein the structure of the modified arbuscular shape tree body is as follows: the height of the tree is 2.5m, the trunk height is 40cm, the crown is 3.9m, the number of bone trunk branches is 9, the angle of the backbone is 35 degrees, and the number of fruiting branches is 27.

The sweet cherry modified arbuscular shape pruning method comprises the following steps:

(1) planting sweet cherry trees in the first year, cultivating trunks and bone trunk branches, selecting strong nursery stocks for field planting 3 months before the first year, carrying out ridging cultivation by using the nursery stocks with the row spacing of 4m multiplied by 4m, applying enough base fertilizer, the ridge width of 1.5m and the ridge height of 0.5m, fixing the stems according to 0.4m of the ground, coating wound coating agents on cut edges, removing cut edge buds, selecting the direction at 120 degrees on the basis of ensuring the interval of l2cm, allocating 4 full buds to young shoots, reserving 12cm short cuts when the young shoots grow to 60cm, promoting hair growth and branching, and thinning the branches at the return position for 8 months, and reserving 8 uniform branches in different directions; pulling branches in the same year for 10 months, wherein the branch pulling angle is 50 degrees;

(2) In the next year, carrying out short-cut on the full bud position of 60cm of a trunk extension branch before sprouting, carrying out branch pulling again on the branch when the branch grows to 1.5m, wherein the branch pulling angle is 80 ℃, carrying out pinching treatment after pulling the branch, promoting the development of the upper back branch, thinning the over-vigorous or over-weak upper back branch when pruning in winter so as to adjust the tree vigor to be consistent, and carrying out short-cut of 50cm on the other upper back branches in the current year, wherein 3 side branches are properly cultured as the main bone branches under the condition that the main bone branches are not uniformly distributed and the integrity of a tree body is deficient;

(3) And (3) cultivating bearing branches in the third year, wherein the sufficient nutrition of the tree body is ensured in the growing season so as to ensure that the tree body grows uniformly, shaping is continued, under the condition that the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body are good, 28 branches with the back are kept as bearing branch groups, if the branches grow unevenly, the growth of new shoots can be promoted in a bud carving mode so as to ensure that the bearing branch groups are uniformly distributed, the height of the crown is controlled to be 2.4m, and the formed tree shape is an improved branch type.

The sweet cherry improved branch shape pruning method provided by the invention has the advantages that the bearing branches are uniformly distributed, the ventilation and the light transmission are good, the pruning is obvious in branch shape, along with the increase of the tree age, in order to ensure the fruit quality, the growth age of each bearing branch is not more than 5 years, 20% of the bearing branches are retracted to the strong buds in the dormancy stage or the flowering stage every year, if the bearing branches do not have strong buds, the bearing branches can be cut at 12cm, the bearing branches can be re-branched, and the branches with the base parts being too thick to exceed the skeletal branch 1/2 are thinned or updated.

after the sweet cherry trees are pruned and formed, the crown skeleton and the appearance are good in integrity, the largest result volume is obtained in a certain space, the pruning tree is realized by adopting a simple and consistent tree body structure and a light and simplified pruning technical system, and the excessive vigorous growth vigor of the tree body is dispersed by utilizing upright-growing fruit branches. The tree form is properly applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the third year to promote flower bud differentiation, and a small amount of fruit bearing can be realized in the fourth year.

the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.