阅读说明：本技术 利用南烛混合物提高杨梅果实品质的方法 (method for improving quality of waxberry fruits by using mixture of oriental blueberry and candelilla ) 是由 陈永方 李宇平 颜邦国 王引 倪海枝 于 2019-10-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用南烛混合物提高杨梅果实品质的方法,其包括一下几个步骤：(1)调制配方,将南烛叶用机器或手工压榨取汁贮存备用桶内,喷施时以40-100kg水/1kg汁液进行混合；或将南烛叶先晾后晒枝叶,然后进行粉碎干燥处理保存,在喷施时以40-100kg水/1kg粉剂进行混合；(2)检测树势,因树制宜,确定喷施总次数；(3)择期选择防治时间和对喷施配方的要求。本发明基于南烛的抑菌、化湿、解毒等多重功效,制作成药食同源的南烛汁液或粉剂,适当混配食盐、微量营养元素予以防治,对于抑制杨梅果实腐烂率发生、提高果实硬度、增加可溶性固形物含量、降低水份有着显著作用,其能有效减少杨梅果实腐烂,提高果实硬度,具有取材方便、成本低、见效显著的特点。(the invention discloses a method for improving the quality of waxberry fruits by using a mixture of Vaccinium bracteatum L, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a formula, squeezing the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum with a machine or by hand to obtain juice, storing in a standby barrel, and mixing with 40-100kg of water/1 kg of juice when spraying; or drying leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum L, drying, pulverizing, drying, and storing, and mixing with 40-100kg water/1 kg powder when spraying; (2) detecting tree vigor, and determining the total spraying times due to the suitability of trees; (3) the control time and the requirement on the spraying formula are selected according to the period. The invention is based on multiple effects of bacteriostasis, dampness resolving, detoxification and the like of the Vaccinium bracteatum, prepares the Vaccinium bracteatum juice or powder which is homologous in medicine and food, properly mixes salt and micronutrient elements for prevention and treatment, has obvious effects on inhibiting the occurrence of the rotting rate of the waxberry fruits, improving the fruit hardness, increasing the content of soluble solid matters and reducing the water content, can effectively reduce the rotting of the waxberry fruits and improve the fruit hardness, and has the characteristics of convenient material taking, low cost and obvious effect.)

1. A method for improving the quality of waxberry fruits by using a mixture of the oriental blueberry and the candelilla comprises the following steps:

(1) Formulation of

mixing and preparing the juice or powder of the Vaccinium bracteatum, wherein:

Preparing juice, squeezing the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum with a machine or by hand to obtain juice, storing in a bucket, and mixing with 40-100kg water/1 kg juice when spraying;

preparing powder, namely airing the leaves of the Vaccinium bracteatum L, then drying the leaves, then crushing, drying, storing, and mixing with 40-100kg of water/1 kg of powder when spraying;

(2) To detect the tree vigor, it is advisable to use the method according to the conditions of the tree

Sampling and detecting orchard plants of the same farmer; sampling five points in east-west, south-north, sampling 5 branches and 10 single fruits at each point, determining a sample as a detection object in each direction, and repeating the sampling once, wherein the sampled branches ensure that the cortex is basically smooth; determining the health degree and the growth period of the fruits according to the detection result, and spraying the product after completing the pest treatment if the branch fruits have pests; and (3) determining the frequency of spraying the product according to the transparent light transmittance of the plant environment if only the branches and fruits are strong and basically have no diseases:

Firstly, when the environmental light transmittance of the plants is more than or equal to 50 percent, spraying for 1 time;

Secondly, when the environmental light transmittance of the plants is less than 50%, the crown is closed at the moment, pruning is carried out firstly, then the total times of spraying the product are determined according to the actual growth period of the trimmed sample fruits, the fruits are sprayed for 2-3 times in the hard kernel period, the fruits are sprayed for 2 times in the color transition period, the fruits are only sprayed for 1 time in the early stage of maturity, and the fruits are not sprayed after the middle stage of maturity;

(3) preventing and treating at selective stage

A: selecting the weather without rainy days within 24 hours after spraying for prevention and treatment;

B. If the previous control is available, the fruit bearing quantity and the bacterium defending capacity of the plant are comprehensively analyzed by combining the previous control result, and if the fruit bearing quantity exceeds the expected yield, the fruit is thinned and then the control is carried out;

C: the spraying formula requirements are as follows:

Firstly, spraying for one time or the 1 st time, mixing 50-100kg of water/1 kg of juice or powder in a mass ratio to obtain a mixed solution, adding corresponding auxiliary components, namely 100g of table salt, 15g of borax, 15g of sulfur and 10g of ammonium molybdate, into the mixed solution to prepare a trace element mixed solution, namely mixing the trace element mixed solution immediately;

secondly, spraying for 2 nd or/and 3 rd time, mixing the concentration of the southern candle liquid with the mass ratio of 40-80kg of water to 1kg of juice or powder to obtain a mixed liquid, adding corresponding auxiliary components, namely 100g of salt, 20g of borax, 5g of sulfur and 15g of calcium agent, into the mixed liquid to prepare a trace element mixed liquid, namely mixing the trace element mixed liquid;

d: the application mode is mainly spraying and combined with watering; during spraying, a spraying cover is arranged at the position of the spraying gun, so that the corresponding humidity of the fruits and the leaves is ensured; if the watering is adopted, the soil should be loosened firstly, the ground flowing water is reduced, and then the surface soil is covered.

2. the method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the mixture of Vaccinium bracteatum comprises: according to the pruning requirement in the second step (2), based on the principle that the leaf bearing fruit is 35:1 +/-5 and the water chestnut variety is 45:1 +/-10, the branches and leaves are firstly thinned to ensure the transparent environment of the plants, then the excessive fruit hanging number except the planned yield is thinned, and the longitudinal diameter of a bearing mother branch is less than 20cm, and the transverse diameter is more than or equal to 1 cm.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the mixture of Vaccinium bracteatum comprises: in the second step (2), the conditions of different places are different, and the difference between the hard core period, the color conversion period and the mature period is obvious, so that the implementation time is based on the actual development period of the fruits, and the interval time of spraying for different times in the product for multiple times is determined to be 10-15 days through comprehensive judgment.

4. the method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the mixture of Vaccinium bracteatum comprises: in the second step (2), whether the 2 nd or 3 rd application is needed or not is determined by fruit hardness and weather, and the 2 nd or 3 rd spraying is carried out only when the weather is heavy rain and the relative humidity of the orchard is more than 80%.

Technical Field

the invention relates to a waxberry cultivation technology, in particular to a method for improving waxberry fruit quality by using a mixture of syzygium indicum and candelilla.

Background

The waxberry is planted in open field, and the fruit rot rate is kept above 40% throughout the year and some fruits are even above 80% due to high temperature and high humidity caused by the fact that the ripe market season is mostly plum rain. The fruit bearing fruit has high water content and low solubility content, so that the quality and the product sales income are influenced. Based on the above situation, the area of the main producing area of the waxberries in China is about more than 400 million acres, and the loss is more than 30 billion yuan each year, so that the income of fruit growers is seriously influenced, and the sustainable development of the industry is seriously inhibited.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention designs a method for improving the quality of waxberry fruits by using a mixture of the oriental blueberry and the candelilla, which can effectively reduce the rotting of the waxberry fruits and improve the hardness of the fruits and has the characteristics of convenient material acquisition, low cost and obvious effect.

in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for improving the quality of waxberry fruits by using a mixture of the oriental blueberry and the candelilla comprises the following steps:

(1) formulation of

mixing and preparing the juice or powder of the Vaccinium bracteatum, wherein:

preparing juice, squeezing the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum with a machine or by hand to obtain juice, storing in a bucket, and mixing with 40-100kg water/1 kg juice when spraying;

Preparing powder, namely airing the leaves of the Vaccinium bracteatum L, then drying the leaves, then crushing, drying, storing, and mixing with 40-100kg of water/1 kg of powder when spraying;

(2) To detect the tree vigor, it is advisable to use the method according to the conditions of the tree

Sampling and detecting orchard plants of the same farmer; sampling five points in east-west, south-north, sampling 5 branches and 10 single fruits at each point, determining a sample as a detection object in each direction, and repeating the sampling once, wherein the sampled branches ensure that the cortex is basically smooth; determining the health degree and the growth period of the fruits according to the detection result, and spraying the product after completing the pest treatment if the branch fruits have pests; and (3) determining the frequency of spraying the product according to the transparent light transmittance of the plant environment if only the branches and fruits are strong and basically have no diseases:

firstly, when the environmental light transmittance of the plants is more than or equal to 50 percent, spraying for 1 time;

Secondly, when the environmental light transmittance of the plants is less than 50%, the crown is closed at the moment, pruning is carried out firstly, then the total times of spraying the product are determined according to the actual growth period of the trimmed sample fruits, the fruits are sprayed for 2-3 times in the hard kernel period, the fruits are sprayed for 2 times in the color transition period, the fruits are only sprayed for 1 time in the early stage of maturity, and the fruits are not sprayed after the middle stage of maturity;

(3) Preventing and treating at selective stage

a: selecting the weather without rainy days within 24 hours after spraying for prevention and treatment;

B. If the previous control is available, the fruit bearing quantity and the bacterium defending capacity of the plant are comprehensively analyzed by combining the previous control result, and if the fruit bearing quantity exceeds the expected yield, the fruit is thinned and then the control is carried out;

C: the spraying formula requirements are as follows:

Firstly, spraying for one time or the 1 st time, mixing 50-100kg of water/1 kg of juice or powder in a mass ratio to obtain a mixed solution, adding corresponding auxiliary components, namely 100g of table salt, 15g of borax, 15g of sulfur and 10g of ammonium molybdate, into the mixed solution to prepare a trace element mixed solution, namely mixing the trace element mixed solution immediately;

Secondly, spraying for 2 nd or/and 3 rd time, mixing the concentration of the southern candle liquid with the mass ratio of 40-80kg of water to 1kg of juice or powder to obtain a mixed liquid, adding corresponding auxiliary components, namely 100g of salt, 20g of borax, 5g of sulfur and 15g of calcium agent, into the mixed liquid to prepare a trace element mixed liquid, namely mixing the trace element mixed liquid;

D: the application mode is mainly spraying and combined with watering; during spraying, a spraying cover is arranged at the position of the spraying gun, so that the corresponding humidity of the fruits and the leaves is ensured; if the watering is adopted, the soil should be loosened firstly, the ground flowing water is reduced, and then the surface soil is covered.

further, according to the pruning requirement in the step (2), based on the principle that the ratio of the leaf-bearing fruit to Tokui is 35:1 +/-5 and the variety of the water chestnut is 45:1 +/-10, the branches and the leaves are firstly thinned to ensure the transparent environment of the plants, then the number of the surplus fruits except the planned yield is thinned, and the longitudinal diameter of the mother branch of the fruit is less than 20cm, and the transverse diameter is more than or equal to 1 cm.

furthermore, in the second step (2), the conditions of different places are different, and the difference between the hard core period, the color conversion period and the mature period is obvious, so that the implementation time is based on the actual development period of the fruits, and the interval time of spraying for different times in multiple times is determined to be 10-15 days through comprehensive judgment.

Furthermore, whether the 2 nd or 3 rd application is needed or not in the step (2) is determined by the fruit hardness and the weather, and the 2 nd or 3 rd spraying is carried out only when the weather is heavy rain and the relative humidity of the orchard is more than 80%.

The invention adopts the medical and edible Vaccinium bracteatum juice or powder, properly mixes salt and micronutrient elements for prevention and treatment, and has remarkable effects on inhibiting the occurrence rate of red bayberry fruit rot, improving fruit hardness, increasing the content of soluble solid and reducing water.

The method has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, simple material taking, low cost, good prevention and treatment effect, human health and safety and high economic benefit.

Detailed Description

1. formulation of

Mixing and preparing juice or powder, wherein:

preparing juice, squeezing the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum with a machine or by hand to obtain juice, storing in a bucket, and mixing with 40-100kg water/1 kg juice when spraying;

Preparing powder, namely airing the leaves of the Vaccinium bracteatum L, then drying the leaves, then crushing, drying, storing, and mixing with 40-100kg of water/1 kg of powder when spraying;

2. Observing the control object in the field and drawing up a control scheme.

sampling and detecting orchard plants of the same farmer; sampling five points in the east, west, south and north, sampling 5 branches and 10 single fruits at each point, determining a sample as a detection object in each direction, and repeating the steps once, wherein the sampled branches ensure that the cortex is basically smooth.

Determining the health degree and the growth period of the fruits according to the detection result, and spraying the product after completing the pest treatment if the branch fruits have pests; and (3) determining the frequency of spraying the product by the light transmittance according to the transparent condition of the plant environment only if the branches and fruits are strong and basically free of diseases:

Firstly, when the environmental light transmittance of the plants is more than or equal to 50 percent, spraying for 1 time;

secondly, when the environmental light transmittance of the plants is less than 50 percent, the crown is closed, branches and leaves are firstly thinned to ensure the environmental permeability of the plants according to the principle that the ratio of the leaves to the fruits is 35:1 +/-5 and the ratio of the water chestnut varieties is 45:1 +/-10, then the number of the redundant fruits is thinned except the planned yield, and the longitudinal diameter of a mother branch of the fruits is less than 20cm, and the transverse diameter is more than or equal to 1 cm; and then determining the total times of spraying the product according to the actual growth period of the trimmed sample fruits, wherein the fruits are sprayed for 2-3 times in the hard core period, 2 times in the color transition period, only 1 time in the early stage of maturity and not sprayed after the middle stage of maturity in principle.

In the method, the conditions of different places are different, and the difference of hard core, color change and mature period is obvious, so the implementation time is based on the actual development period of the fruits, and the interval time between different spraying times in multiple spraying is determined to be 10-15 days through comprehensive judgment.

In addition, whether the medicine is used for the 2 nd or 3 rd time in the second step is determined by the hardness of the fruits and the weather, and the spraying can be carried out for the 2 nd or 3 rd time only if the weather is rainy continuously, the relative humidity of the orchard is more than 80 percent, and the time for harvesting exceeds 10 days.

(3) Preventing and treating at selective stage

A: and 4, selecting the weather without rainy days within 24 hours after spraying for prevention and treatment, and applying simple facilities for rain sheltering operation if rain is urgently needed.

B. and (4) comprehensively analyzing the fruit bearing quantity and the bacterium defending capacity of the plants by combining the previous control result, predicting the weather change, and performing fruit thinning and control on the fruits with the fruit bearing quantity exceeding the expected yield.

C: the spraying time and the formula requirements are as follows:

and (1) spraying for one time or the 1 st time.

Allowing time, such as single spraying when the environmental light transmittance of the plants is more than or equal to 50 percent or first spraying when the environmental light transmittance of the plants is less than 50 percent and the plants are in the sclerosing period after pruning, wherein the key selection is carried out in the sclerosing period after the end of thinning; and if the environmental light transmittance of the plants is less than 50 percent and the plants are sprayed for the first time in the color conversion period or the early maturity period after pruning, spraying is carried out within the corresponding time.

when in spraying, 50-100kg of water/1 kg of juice or powder is mixed according to the mass ratio to obtain a mixed solution, and corresponding auxiliary components, namely 100g of table salt, 15g of borax, 15g of sulfur and 10g of ammonium molybdate, are added into the mixed solution to prepare a trace element mixed solution, namely, the trace element mixed solution is prepared and mixed immediately.

And 2 nd or/and 3 rd spraying.

allowing time, if the plant environmental light transmittance is less than 50% and the plant is sprayed for the second time in the hard core period after pruning, the plant is mainly sprayed about 10 days away from picking in the color conversion period; and if the environmental light transmittance of the plants is less than 50 percent and the plants are sprayed for the second time in the color conversion period after pruning or sprayed for the third time in the sclerotium period after pruning, spraying is carried out within the corresponding time.

Mixing the concentration of the southern candle liquid with the mass ratio of 40-80kg water/1 kg juice or powder to obtain a mixed liquid product, adding corresponding auxiliary components, namely 100g of table salt, 20g of borax, 5g of sulfur and 15g of calcium agent, into the mixed liquid to prepare a trace element mixed liquid, namely mixing the trace element mixed liquid immediately;

d: the application mode is mainly spraying and combined with watering; during spraying, a spraying cover is arranged at the position of the spraying gun, so that the corresponding humidity of the fruits and the leaves is ensured; if the watering is adopted, the soil should be loosened firstly, the ground flowing water is reduced, and then the surface soil is covered.

The present invention relates to the components of oriental blueberry, also called blueberry, Shushu, evergreen shrub or small arbor. It is edible and has obvious medicinal value. In the book of Jing, its taste is bitter and mild, and it is non-toxic, but even in taste, it is slightly astringent and mild in flavor, and even in taste, it is cool. Has the effects of strengthening tendons, benefiting qi, stopping nocturnal emission, benefiting intestines and stomach, and nourishing liver and kidney, and simultaneously has remarkable effects of inhibiting and killing fungi and bacteria.

the invention is based on multiple effects of medical bacteriostasis, dampness resolving, detoxification and the like of the Vaccinium bracteatum, is prepared into medicine-food homologous Vaccinium bracteatum juice or powder, is properly mixed with salt and micronutrient elements for prevention and treatment, and has obvious effects on inhibiting the rotting rate of the waxberry fruits, improving the hardness of the fruits, increasing the content of soluble solid matters and reducing the water content.

compared with the existing method in the prior production, the method realizes the combination of reduction of fruit rotting rate and optimization and improvement of fruit quality, and has the characteristics of simplicity, cost saving and high efficiency in operation. Practical tests show that the implementation of the technology can reduce the annual fruit cracking and rotting rate of the fruits from more than 40% to within 20% and reduce the softening and low sugar rate from more than 60% to within 15% under the same conditions.

The method has the characteristics of simple material acquisition, low cost, good prevention and treatment effect, human health and safety, high economic benefit and simple and convenient operation.

the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, equivalent change or modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical principle of the present invention still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.