阅读说明：本技术 一种基于卧式保护仓防寒防霜的葡萄密植栽培方法 (Grape close planting cultivation method based on horizontal protection bin cold and frost prevention ) 是由 张光弟 李欣 俞晓艳 李玉鼎 尹清雨 张彦惠 方海田 张浩宇 杨亚丽 杨文丽 于 2019-10-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明为一种根系分腔渗灌下、基于卧式保护仓越冬防寒、春季防霜的葡萄密植栽培方法。本发明对中国北方进入休眠期的露地葡萄,在越冬期间及预防晚霜时采用价格便宜、保温轻质,低吸水特性、省工及时、易于回收材料覆盖,是一种满足葡萄常规平地种植及浅沟栽培实施立体覆盖防寒越冬、春季防霜的密植栽培技术。基于地下根系定位渗灌,使得该技术确保了在卧式保护仓内,处于休眠期内葡萄枝条不冻芽、不捂芽,根系不发生冻害,使北方露地栽培葡萄易于规避越冬低温、春季晚霜的危害。(the invention relates to a grape close planting cultivation method based on horizontal protection bins for winter protection and frost prevention in spring under root system sub-cavity infiltrating irrigation. The invention adopts the materials which are cheap, light in heat preservation, low in water absorption, labor-saving and timely, easy to recover for covering the outdoor grapes which enter the dormancy stage in the north of China during the overwintering period and the night frost prevention, and is a close planting cultivation technology which meets the requirements of conventional flat land planting and shallow trench cultivation of three-dimensional covering for cold protection, overwintering and spring frost prevention of the grapes. Based on underground root system positioning infiltrating irrigation, the technology ensures that grape branches do not freeze and cover buds and root systems do not freeze in the dormant period in a horizontal protection bin, so that the harm of overwintering low temperature and spring late frost is easily avoided when grapes are cultivated in the open field in the north.)

1. A grape close planting cultivation method based on horizontal protection bins for cold and frost prevention under root system cavity-divided infiltrating irrigation is characterized in that the horizontal protection bins are implemented by single-row 'inclined-stem horizontal vine distribution on the upper frame', 'inclined-stem' tree-shaped 'hedge frame' and 'shed frame' grapes which are planted on the flat ground or cultivated in a shallow trench, and single-plant branches and vines are planted in the open field with the tree width smaller than 40cm after pruning in late autumn, and the grape close planting cultivation method is characterized in that:

The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps: before overwintering, pruning grapes according to variety characteristics, carrying out underground infiltrating irrigation and spraying protective bactericide, then putting down main vines in a forward running mode, properly weaving branch vines, enabling the height of mother branches after pruning on climbing vines to be less than 40cm, covering a horizontal protection bin on the grapes, and fixing two sides of the horizontal protection bin through a fixing base or thinly burying soil on the edges or compacting the edges by flexible wires.

2. the grape close-planting cultivation method based on the horizontal protection bin for cold and frost protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the horizontal protection bin is a horizontal semi-elliptical bin body with the length of 100cm, the height of 50cm and the diameter of 60-70 cm, and the selection density of the horizontal semi-elliptical bin body is more than or equal to 20kg/m³The fireproof door is characterized by comprising a fire-retardant grade B2 and polystyrene materials with the thickness of 3.5-4.0 cm, wherein the polystyrene materials are customized, and the connecting positions between the bin bins are fixed through connecting clamping grooves.

3. The grape close-planting cultivation method based on the horizontal protection bin for cold and frost protection as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cultivation method for planting the grapes on the flat ground comprises the following steps:

In the late autumn, after grapes planted on the flat ground are trimmed, 3-5 degrees of Brix lime sulphur is evenly sprayed, then underground infiltrating irrigation is carried out, when the humidity of surface soil is low, branches and vines are put down in a forward running mode according to the angle direction of climbing vines, annual new tips on main vines are tied up in a forward running mode, the height of the annual new tips is lower than that of a first lead wire of a hedge frame or a shed frame, a horizontal protection bin is placed in a forward running mode at an equal distance from the center of a root neck, a bin body is fixed through a linking clamping groove, and soil with the thickness of 10cm is mechanically or manually buried on two sides of the bin body through a fixing base or on the edges of the bin body or.

4. the grape close-planting cultivation method based on the horizontal protection bin for cold and frost protection as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cultivation method for planting the grapes in the shallow trench comprises the following steps:

In the late autumn, after trimming the trellis and trellis grapes cultivated in shallow trenches, uniformly spraying 3-5 DEG Brix lime sulphur mixture, then infiltrating and irrigating underground, when the humidity of surface soil is low, putting down branches and tendrils in a forward-moving manner according to the direction of climbing ground corners of main tendrils, weaving and binding the mother branches after annual trimming on the main tendrils, wherein the height of the mother branches does not exceed a cultivation ditch by 30cm, putting a horizontal protection bin in a planting ditch which is 20cm deep and 0.8-1 m wide at equal intervals from the center of roots and stems in the forward-moving manner, fixing the bin body through a link clamping groove, and mechanically or manually fixing two sides of the bin body through a fixed base or burying 10cm thick soil on the edge or compacting the soil by using a flexible linear bag.

5. The grape close-planting cultivation method based on the horizontal protection bin for cold and frost protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the root cavity-divided infiltrating irrigation refers to that cavity-divided infiltrating irrigation columns with the diameter of 5 cm-10 cm and the length of 60 cm-70 cm are vertically and downwards installed 10cm below the ground surface in the middle among the plants in a row aiming at the cultivated grape vines, and the upper ends of the cavity-divided infiltrating irrigation columns in the plant are connected to horizontal drip irrigation branch pipes in the position 10cm below the ground in the row.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a grape planting technology, in particular to a grape close planting cultivation method based on horizontal protection bins for winter protection and frost prevention in spring under root system sub-cavity infiltrating irrigation.

Background

Grapes have been cultivated for around 7000 years. Originating from the coast of the mediterranean, black sea and the lyre, the grape production areas are mainly distributed in areas which are warmer in winter and have high environmental humidity. The quality of the fresh grape of the European species (vitas vinifera L.) is well established and enjoyed. In the Han dynasty more than 2000 years ago, European grapes are introduced into China through silk roads, and the cultivation area of the Chinese grapes reaches 84.7 multiplied by 10 in 2018⁴hm²Wherein the north is the main production area of high-quality grapes.

branches in the dormancy stage of grapes can generally resist low temperature of about minus 15 ℃ to 18 ℃ in winter, but root systems of grape plants in soil can not resist low temperature of below minus 4 ℃, which is one of the reasons that soil is buried for winter protection and overwintering when grape cultivation is carried out in most northern areas.

The existing method for grape cultivation, soil burying, cold prevention and overwintering in most northern areas is shown in figures 1-2.

The area of grapes on eastern hills of Helan mountain needing soil burying for overwintering and cold protection is approximately 48 ten thousand mu, and the labor for soil burying in the early winter and soil emergence in the spring accounts for one third of the management expenditure cost of the vineyard all the year round. Moreover, mountain gray calcium and light gray calcium soil formed by Hongda alluvial fan and Hongda alluvial plains of Helan mountain are rich in gravel, and are not beneficial to burying the cultivated grapes for overwintering. Northern climate characteristics are mainly that the temperature is quickly reduced in late autumn, the temperature is quickly increased in early spring, the temperature change range is large, the late frost invasion is frequent, the soil burying in early winter and the soil emergence in spring are required to be completed in a short period, and the late frost invasion is timely prevented, the short-time labor demand is large, and the method becomes a bottleneck for limiting the industrialized development of grape cultivation in northern cold areas, particularly northwest cold areas.

in the unit for attempting to cover grapes for winter protection and overwintering cultivation in China, aiming at cultivating fresh grapes in a greenhouse, a method of using a vacuum cotton felt and a plastic film as a covering material is adopted; the Xinjiang melon and fruit grape development research center adopts the swelling collodion cotton, the cotton quilt, the non-woven fabric and the like to carry out the covering cold-proof overwintering test on the seedless white and flame seedless fresh-eating grape varieties. The inventor of the application determines the heat transfer property of the covering material, adopts a grain-soaking blanket to carry out the experiment demonstration of covering the grapes for overwintering and avoiding burying soil, and the covering mode belongs to plane covering and frost prevention operation in late spring is troublesome.

The covering material adopted by the invention is different from the covering material, and shows a three-dimensional covering operation material which is low in price, light in weight, heat-preserving, labor-saving, timely, easy to cover and convenient to recover, and simultaneously, by combining shallow trench cultivation, the overwintering preservation rate and frost prevention rate of grape plants are both 100%, and the germination rate is 10.6% higher than that of the traditional soil-buried overwintering mode.

Meanwhile, the technology of the application fully protects tree facies, saves the burying and unearthing cost, avoids the damage of manual burying and unearthing operation to branches and buds, stabilizes the yield, reduces the overall production cost, realizes the ecological cultivation mode of inter-row grass growth, and becomes the gist of the invention.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a brand-new, simple and easy-to-operate grape overwintering cold-proof and spring frost-proof open field cultivation method in northern cold regions, namely a horizontal protection bin cold-proof and frost-proof grape close planting cultivation method under root system sub-cavity infiltrating irrigation.

The invention adopts the materials which are cheap, light in heat preservation, low in water absorption, labor-saving and timely, easy to recover for covering the outdoor grapes which enter the dormancy stage in the north of China during the overwintering period and the night frost prevention, and is a close planting cultivation technology which meets the requirements of conventional flat land planting and shallow trench cultivation of three-dimensional covering for cold protection, overwintering and spring frost prevention of the grapes. Based on underground root system positioning infiltrating irrigation, the technology ensures that grape branches do not freeze and cover buds and root systems do not freeze in the dormant period in a horizontal protection bin, so that the harm of overwintering low temperature and spring late frost is easily avoided when grapes are cultivated in the open field in the north.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

A grape close planting cultivation method based on cold and frost prevention of a horizontal protection bin under root system cavity-divided infiltrating irrigation is characterized in that the horizontal protection bin is implemented by a single row of trees such as ' inclined stem horizontal vine distribution on a rack ', ' inclined stem tree ' hedge rack ' and ' shed rack ' grapes which are planted on a flat ground or cultivated in a shallow trench, and the single branch vine is planted in an open field with the tree form of less than 40cm in breadth after pruning in late autumn.

The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps: before overwintering, pruning grapes according to variety characteristics, carrying out underground infiltrating irrigation and spraying protective bactericide, then putting down main vines in a forward running mode, properly weaving branch vines, enabling the height of mother branches after pruning on climbing vines to be less than 40cm, covering a horizontal protection bin on the grapes, and fixing two sides of the horizontal protection bin through a fixing base or pressing soil on the edges or compacting the edges by flexible wires.

As an improvement of the technical scheme, the horizontal protection bin is a horizontal semi-elliptical bin body with the length of 100cm, the height of 50cm and the diameter of 60-70 cm, and the selected density is more than or equal to 20kg/m³The fireproof door is characterized by comprising a fire-retardant grade B2 and polystyrene materials with the thickness of 3.5-4.0 cm, wherein the polystyrene materials are customized, and the connecting positions between the bin bins are fixed through connecting clamping grooves. The horizontal protection cabin meets the requirements of GB/T10801.2-2002 and GB 8624-.

As an improvement of the technical scheme, the cultivation method for planting the grapes on the flat ground comprises the following steps:

in the late autumn, after grapes planted on the flat ground are trimmed, 3-5 degrees of Brix lime sulphur is evenly sprayed, then underground infiltrating irrigation is carried out, when the humidity of surface soil is low, branches and vines are put down in a forward running mode according to the angle direction of climbing vines, annual new tips on main vines are tied up in a forward running mode, the height of the annual new tips is lower than that of a first lead wire of a hedge frame or a shed frame, a horizontal protection bin is placed in a forward running mode at an equal distance from the center of a root neck, a bin body is fixed through a linking clamping groove, and soil with the thickness of 10cm is mechanically or manually buried on two sides of the bin body through a fixing base or on the edges of the bin body or.

as an improvement of the technical scheme, the cultivation method for planting the grapes in the shallow trench comprises the following steps:

In the late autumn, after trimming the trellis and trellis grapes cultivated in shallow trenches, uniformly spraying a 3-5 DEG Brix lime sulfur mixture, and then infiltrating irrigation underground; when the surface soil humidity is low, the branches and tendrils are laid down in a forward row according to the main tendrils climbing angle direction, mother branches are tied up in a forward row manner after annual pruning on the main tendrils, the height of the mother branches does not exceed the cultivation ditch by 30cm, the horizontal protection bins are placed in the cultivation ditches with the depth of 20cm and the width of 0.8-1 m at equal intervals from the root centers in the forward row direction, the bin body is fixed through the linking clamp grooves, and soil with the thickness of 10cm is mechanically or manually fixed on two sides of the bin body through the fixing bases or is buried on the edges of the bin body in a thin mode or.

As an improvement of the technical scheme, the root system cavity-divided infiltrating irrigation refers to that cavity-divided infiltrating irrigation columns with the diameter of 5 cm-10 cm and the length of 60 cm-70 cm are vertically and downwards installed 10cm below the ground surface in the middle among the plants in a row aiming at the cultivated grape vines, and the upper ends of the cavity-divided infiltrating irrigation columns among the plants are connected to horizontal drip irrigation branch pipes at the position 10cm below the ground in the row.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

The horizontal protection bin adopted by the invention is beneficial to improving the air temperature of the local small environment in the bin and slowing down the ground temperature drop in the covering.

Firstly, the production verification that the polystyrene and polyurethane heat-insulating materials meeting the requirements of GB/T10801.2-2002 and GB 8624-. Based on the principle and the fact, the temperature and the humidity of the local part in the protection bin are improved by adopting flame-retardant high-density materials such as polystyrene, polyurethane and the like, and the branches and tendrils of the grape plants are maintained above the frozen temperature point and at higher humidity.

Secondly, because higher ambient temperature makes root soil ground temperature decline and slows down in the storehouse, thereby the rhizosphere temperature keeps above the injury temperature point and guarantees grape root system vigor.

Thirdly, because the polystyrene and polyurethane materials in the protective bin have the characteristic of less or less water absorption, the underground positioning infiltration irrigation is adopted for cultivation, so that the water content of the soil on the earth surface is reduced, and the overhigh humidity formed by evaporating the water on the earth surface into the bin is reduced; and through material density and micropore control, when the air temperature in the horizontal protection bin is above 0 ℃ and is higher than the external water vapor pressure, the water vapor can jump over bubble particle gaps of the horizontal protection bin plate with specific density due to pressure difference and is released to the outside, so that when the internal temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the ice crystal zone strides over frozen water, the ice phenomenon can not or less occur on tendrils and buds, and the damage of the grape buds and tendrils due to repeated ice-water freezing and thawing can be avoided.

Fourthly, in most grape cultivation areas in Ningxia, the depth of the frozen soil layer in successive years is about 55cm, the covering is implemented by combining a shallow trench cultivation mode, the root system distribution layer of the grape per se is deepened, and the safety of preventing the root system from being frozen is further enhanced.

and the fifth horizontal protection bin has the advantages of low price, light weight, heat preservation, labor saving, timeliness, easiness in covering, convenience in recovery and the like, the burying and unearthing cost of the traditional grape cultivation is greatly reduced by about 300 yuan (the total management cost is 1400-2000 yuan/mu), the damage of manual operation to the eyes and branches of grape plants is reduced, and the horizontal protection bin is very beneficial to stabilizing the yield of the grape single plants, the tree vigor and protecting trees.

Sixth, because this close planting cultivation technique makes the interline no longer need to fetch a large amount of soil and press and bury the grape plant, avoided the dry northern area grape winter interline raise sand raise dust pollution environmental disadvantage in winter.

The characteristic points form a dense planting cultivation method for covering overwintering, cold protection and spring frost prevention by using outdoor cultivation grape materials in a brand-new cold area, namely the basis of the overwintering, cold protection and spring frost prevention dense planting cultivation technology of the grape form of the inclined trunk, the horizontal tendril distribution on the inclined trunk and the tree-shaped horizontal protection bin becomes the key point of the invention.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments,

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art overwintering and cold-proof cultivation method for planting grapes on flat ground;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional method for overwintering and cold-proof cultivation of shallow-trench-cultivated grapes;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a grape close-planting cultivation method based on horizontal protection bins for cold and frost protection;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a "inclined-drying horizontal vine distribution" viticulture method using the method of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a "Tilt Longgan" viticulture method using the method of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the side of the horizontal protective bin body provided with the concave groove;

FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of one side of the horizontal protective bin body provided with a convex shape;

The label names corresponding to the respective numbers in the figure are as follows:

1. Cold-proof soil heaps; 2. a grape plant; 3. the position of the original cultivation shallow trench; 4. a soil ditch is formed after soil is taken between rows for cold protection; 5. a horizontal drip irrigation branch pipe; 6. infiltrating and irrigating the column in different cavities; 7. horizontal protection storehouse.

Detailed Description