阅读说明：本技术 湿润根围节水种植方法 (Wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method ) 是由 石伟琦 郭绍杰 李铭 徐明岗 于 2019-10-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种湿润根围节水种植方法,属于农业种植技术领域。该种植方法包括以下步骤；控制每次灌溉时湿润锋与植株吸收根的重合度为85-100％,在植株生长周期中分14-20次灌溉,营养-开花期加大灌溉量,果实发育期先加大灌溉量,到达灌溉峰值期后,减少灌溉量,越冬前重灌1-4次,封冻保墒。该方法采用了全新的灌溉理论--湿润锋契合根围理论,即滴灌湿润区与根围高度一致,将灌溉工艺和根系吸收界面统一,将水分供应与植物根系吸收匹配,发挥生物吸收的最佳效应,避免水分亏缺和过量,提高水分利用效率,从而满足节水、获取最适宜产量的目标。(The invention relates to a wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The planting method comprises the following steps; controlling the contact ratio of the wetting front and the plant absorption root to be 85-100% in each irrigation, carrying out 14-20 times of irrigation in the plant growth period, increasing the irrigation quantity in the nutrition-flowering period, increasing the irrigation quantity in the fruit development period, reducing the irrigation quantity after reaching the irrigation peak value, re-irrigating for 1-4 times before overwintering, and sealing and freezing to preserve soil moisture. The method adopts a brand-new irrigation theory, namely a wetting front is in accordance with a root circumference theory, namely a drip irrigation wetting area is consistent with the height of the root circumference, an irrigation process and a root system absorption interface are unified, water supply is matched with plant root system absorption, the optimal effect of biological absorption is exerted, the shortage and the excess of water are avoided, the water utilization efficiency is improved, and therefore the aims of saving water and obtaining the optimum yield are met.)

1. A wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps;

Controlling the contact ratio of the wetting front and the plant absorption root to be 85-100% in each irrigation, carrying out 14-20 times of irrigation in the plant growth period, increasing the irrigation quantity in the nutrition-flowering period, increasing the irrigation quantity in the fruit development period, reducing the irrigation quantity after reaching the irrigation peak value, re-irrigating for 1-4 times before overwintering, and sealing and freezing to preserve soil moisture.

2. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method according to claim 1, wherein the planting method is used for planting grapes growing over 5 years by drip irrigation.

3. the wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the row spacing of the planted grape plants is (0.4-0.6) × (3-4) m, and the land planted grape plants are 350-400 plants.

4. The water-saving planting method for the wet rhizosphere according to claim 3, wherein the grapes are controlled to have 8-10 ears per vine and one ear per bearing branch.

5. The water-saving planting method for wet rhizosphere according to claim 3, wherein the total irrigation amount is 350-500m³Irrigating for 2-5 times per mu in the nutrient-flowering period, wherein the irrigation quantity is gradually increased and is 10-20m³Irrigating for 8-12 times in fruit development period, and gradually increasing irrigation amount of 25-40m³Once, after reaching the peak period of irrigation, the irrigation quantity is gradually reduced, and the last irrigation quantity before harvesting is reduced to 10m³Irrigating for 1-4 times before overwintering, wherein the irrigation amount is 38-45m³Once per time.

6. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method according to claim 5, wherein the irrigation peak period is a grape color-changing period.

7. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method according to claim 5, wherein the nutrition-flowering period is irrigated for 4 times, and the irrigation amount is 10-20m³Irrigating for 10 times in the fruit development period, wherein the irrigation amount is 25m³Increased to irrigation peak period of 40m³The irrigation amount of the last time is reduced to 10m³Irrigating for 2 times before overwintering, wherein the irrigation amount is 38-45m³Once per time.

8. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method according to claim 5, wherein 10 to 20 days 4 to 5 months per year is a nutrition-flowering period, and irrigation is performed 1 time every 10 days; irrigating for 1 time every 10 days, wherein the fruit development period is from 6 months and 10 days to 9 months and 20 days; irrigating for 1 time every 5 days before overwintering for 10 months and 10 days to 10 months and 20 days.

9. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method for the plants according to claim 5, wherein the increase of the irrigation amount in the nutrition-flowering period is 2-4m³The increase value of irrigation quantity before the irrigation peak period of the fruit development period is 3-6m³The reduction of irrigation quantity is 5-10m after the peak irrigation period of the fruit development period³Once per time.

10. use of the wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method of any one of claims 1 to 9 in grape planting.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method.

Background

The water resource is used as an important agricultural natural resource, restricts the development of regional agriculture, maintains an agricultural ecological system and the safe production of grains, and plays a decisive role in the crop yield. Due to the increase of the water resource utilization amount caused by the population growth and the economic society development and the like, the potential available fresh water resource in the world is gradually reduced, and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent. China is one of countries with serious water shortage in the world, and water resources have uneven space-time distribution and serious pollution and waste, and the utilization coefficient of agricultural irrigation water in the whole country in 2010 reaches 0.5, which is far lower than that of developed countries by 0.70-0.80. Therefore, the development of water-saving irrigation modes and the research of water-saving irrigation technologies are the most effective ways for solving the contradiction between the population increase and the farmland reduction in China.

on one hand, water resources are extremely precious, taking Turpan in Xinjiang as an example, the annual average precipitation is only 10-50mm, the annual evaporation capacity is more than 3000mm, the air relative humidity is only 30-40% throughout the year, and the Turpan is an extremely arid area; on one hand, the method is great waste of water resources, for example Xinjiang, flood irrigation is adopted, and the average irrigation quota is as high as 1000-1500 m³Per mu; adopts furrow irrigation, the irrigation quota is reduced to 800-³Per mu; by adopting furrow irrigation, the irrigation quota is reduced to 600-³per mu; drip irrigation is adopted, and the irrigation quota is reduced to 300-³Per mu, when the irrigation quantity is reduced to 300-³Per acre, how to obtain the best economic yield, and the best water utilization efficiency is the key.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, there is a need to provide a water-saving planting method for moistening rhizosphere, which can fully utilize water resources, reduce irrigation quantity, and couple water-saving technology and economic yield to the utmost extent to realize water resource saving.

A wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method comprises the following steps;

Controlling the contact ratio of the wetting front and the plant absorption root to be 85-100% in each irrigation, carrying out 14-20 times of irrigation in the plant growth period, increasing the irrigation quantity in the nutrition-flowering period, increasing the irrigation quantity in the fruit development period, reducing the irrigation quantity after reaching the irrigation peak value, re-irrigating for 1-4 times before overwintering, and sealing and freezing to preserve soil moisture.

According to the planting method, the contact ratio of the wetting front and the absorption root is controlled to be 85-100%, the drip irrigation amount is matched with the root system development process of the grape, and the purpose of saving water is achieved. In the plant growth process, the root circumference formed by root development is gradually increased, then the absorbed root reaches the maximum critical value in the early development stage of the fruit, then the absorbed root gradually begins to age and die, the root circumference is gradually reduced, and the process mainly comprises supporting the root in the hibernation period. According to the development rule of the root system, the drip irrigation wetting front of the invention has a gradually rising process, the irrigation quantity is gradually increased, after the critical value is reached, the drip irrigation wetting front is gradually reduced, and the irrigation quantity is also gradually reduced; and finally filling frozen water before the wintering period.

Moreover, the inventor finds that the contact ratio of the wetting front and the root circumference is not too low, so that the water is deficient; the residual can not exceed the root circumference, so that surplus waste is caused; the test result shows that the contact ratio of the wetting front and the root circumference reaches 85 to 100 percent, and the water utilization efficiency is highest.

In one embodiment, the planting method is used for the drip irrigation of grape planting with more than 5 years of age. The method is used for drip irrigation for more than 5 years and entering the orchard in the full bearing period, the orchard in the full bearing period adopts multi-dragon-rod fan-shaped pruning, the ratio of bearing branches to nutrient branches is 2:1, and the planting effect is good.

In one embodiment, the row spacing of the planted grape is (0.4-0.6) × (3-4) m, and the planted grape plants are 350-400 plants.

In one embodiment, the grapes are controlled to have 8-10 ears per vine and one ear per bearing branch.

In one embodiment, the total irrigation amount is 350-500m³Irrigating for 2-5 times per mu in the nutrient-flowering period, wherein the irrigation quantity is gradually increased and is 10-20m³Irrigation at fruit development stageIrrigating 8-12 times, gradually increasing irrigation amount (25-40 m 3/time), gradually decreasing irrigation amount after reaching peak irrigation period, and decreasing irrigation amount to 10m before harvesting³Irrigating for 1-4 times before overwintering, wherein the irrigation amount is 38-45m³Once per time.

In one embodiment, the irrigation peak period is a grape color transition period.

In one embodiment, the nutrient-flowering stage is irrigated for 4 times, and the irrigation quantity is 10-20m³Irrigating for 10 times in the fruit development period, wherein the irrigation amount is 25m³Increased to irrigation peak period of 40m³The irrigation amount of the last time is reduced to 10m³Irrigating for 2 times before overwintering, wherein the irrigation amount is 38-45m³Once per time.

In one embodiment, days 4-5-20 are vegetative-flowering stages, irrigating 1 time every 10 days; irrigating for 1 time every 10 days (specifically, 4 months 15 days, 4 months 25 days, 5 months 5 days, 5 months 15 days) for 6 months 10 days to 9 months 20 days as the fruit development period; irrigating for 1 time every 5 days before overwintering for 10 months and 10 days to 10 months and 20 days.

In the nutrition-flowering period or the fruit development period, the time for starting irrigation can be selected according to specific conditions, wherein the time is 1 time for irrigating every 10 days, and in the nutrition-flowering period, the time can be 1 time for irrigating every 10 days from 4 months and 15 days, namely 4 months and 15 days, 4 months and 25 days, 5 months and 5 days, and 5 months and 15 days are respectively irrigated once for 4 times; it is understood that in the fruit development period, the time for starting irrigation can be selected according to specific conditions, and irrigation is carried out 1 time every 10 days for 10 times.

In one embodiment, the amount of irrigation during the vegetative-flowering stage is increased by 2-4m³The increase value of irrigation quantity before the irrigation peak period of the fruit development period is 3-6m³The reduction of irrigation quantity is 5-10m after the peak irrigation period of the fruit development period³Once per time.

The invention also discloses application of the wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method in grape planting.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention relates to a wet root circumference water-saving planting method, which adopts a completely new irrigation theory, namely a wetting front is matched with a root circumference theory, namely a drip irrigation wet area is consistent with the height of the root circumference, an irrigation process and a root system absorption interface are unified, water supply is matched with plant root system absorption, the optimal effect of biological absorption is exerted, the shortage and the excess of water are avoided, the water utilization efficiency is improved, and therefore, the aims of saving water and obtaining the optimum yield are met. Compared with the traditional irrigation quantity, the fruits obtained by the wet root circumference water-saving planting method have the advantages of obviously increasing the single-grain weight, the cluster weight and the yield per mu, increasing the yield by 14-64 percent and the average yield by 30-42 percent, and the economic benefit per mu is 1320-2895 yuan. Moreover, the produced grapes are better in appearance quality, and the commodity rate is increased; the hardness of the fruit is increased, and the storage period is prolonged; the soluble solid shape is increased, and the edible flavor of the fruit is better.

The method hooks the water-saving technology and the economic yield, realizes the saving of water resources to the maximum extent, creates the idea of providing agriculture for oasis irrigation, and is expected to bring the revolution of the irrigation theory and technology. And the technical theory of the method is popular and easy to understand, and the method is simple and practical and is easy to popularize.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the degree of coincidence of the wetting front with the uptake roots of a plant;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wetted rhizosphere during the growth of grapes in example 1.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.