阅读说明：本技术 一种包被氨基酸及其制备方法 (Coated amino acid and preparation method thereof ) 是由 徐奇友 王连生 程龙 许红 于 2019-10-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种包被氨基酸及其制备方法,所述包被氨基酸按质量百分比计,包含以下组分：氨基酸组分15％～35％；高饱和脂肪酸组分10％～20％；能量饲料原料组分50％～75％。本发明所提供的包被氨基酸,氨基酸包被率高,且易消化利用,可充分满足水产动物氨基酸营养需求；同时由于本发明不用额外引入非营养成分壁材,既提高了饲料配方的营养水平,也降低了饲料成本,且容易操作,可大批量生产,提高养殖效率。(The invention relates to coated amino acid and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coated amino acid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-35% of amino acid component; 10-20% of high saturated fatty acid component; 50-75% of energy feed raw material components. The coated amino acid provided by the invention has high amino acid coating rate, is easy to digest and utilize, and can fully meet the amino acid nutrition requirements of aquatic animals; meanwhile, as no non-nutrient wall material is additionally introduced, the invention not only improves the nutrient level of the feed formula, but also reduces the feed cost, is easy to operate, can be produced in large batch and improves the breeding efficiency.)

1. The coated amino acid is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:

15-35% of amino acid component; 10-20% of high saturated fatty acid component; 50-75% of energy feed raw material components.

2. the coated amino acid according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid component comprises any one of methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine, or a combination of at least two thereof,

Preferably, the amino acid component is a combination of methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine;

Further preferably, the amino acid component comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

20-40% of methionine, 15-30% of lysine, 10-30% of threonine, 1-10% of tryptophan, 1-10% of arginine, 5-15% of histidine, 10-30% of leucine, 1-10% of isoleucine, 5-10% of phenylalanine and 1-10% of valine;

Preferably, the amino acid component is a combination of methionine, lysine, threonine;

further preferably, the amino acid component comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

30-60% of methionine, 20-45% of lysine and 15-40% of threonine;

Preferably, the amino acid component comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

40-80% of methionine and 20-60% of lysine.

3. The coated amino acid of claim 1, wherein the highly saturated fatty acid component comprises any one of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, or a combination of at least two thereof,

preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component is a combination of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid;

further preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

10-30% of lauric acid, 5-20% of myristic acid, 15-40% of palmitic acid and 20-40% of stearic acid;

Preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component is a combination of lauric acid, palmitic acid;

Further preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

Lauric acid 20-70% and palmitic acid 30-80%.

4. The coated amino acid of claim 1, wherein the energy feed material comprises any one of corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice, or a combination of at least two thereof,

Preferably, the energy feed material component is a combination of corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice;

Further preferably, the energy feed raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

20-50% of corn, 10-30% of wheat, 5-20% of barley, 5-20% of sorghum and 10-30% of rice;

preferably, the energy feed ingredient component is a combination of corn and wheat;

Further preferably, the energy feed raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

40-80% of corn and 30-60% of wheat.

5. the coated amino acid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coated amino acid is in powder form;

preferably, the particle size of the coated amino acid is 0.1-1.5 mm.

6. a process for the preparation of coated amino acids according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) sieving the energy feed raw materials to remove impurities, crushing the energy feed raw materials by a crusher, and sieving the crushed energy feed raw materials by a sieve with 10-20 meshes to obtain crushed energy feed raw materials;

(2) Mixing the amino acid component and the highly saturated fatty acid component, adding the crushed energy feed raw material component, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture;

(3) And (3) puffing the mixture obtained in the step (2) by a puffing machine at the temperature of 100-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa for 10-30 seconds, cooling, crushing, and sieving by a 30-50-mesh sieve to obtain the coated amino acid.

7. a process for the preparation of coated amino acids according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) Heating the highly saturated fatty acid component to 80-100 deg.C for dissolving, spraying with a sprayer at high pressure to the surface of the amino acid component, mixing, cooling, and making into solid powder with pressure of 5-10MPa and spraying speed of 10-20L/min.

(2) sieving the energy feed raw materials to remove impurities, crushing the energy feed raw materials by a crusher, and sieving the crushed energy feed raw materials by a sieve with 10-20 meshes to obtain crushed energy feed raw materials;

(3) mixing the solid powder in the step (1) and the crushed energy feed raw material components in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;

(4) And (3) puffing the mixture obtained in the step (3) by a puffing machine at the temperature of 100-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa for 10-30 seconds, cooling, crushing, and sieving by a 30-50-mesh sieve to obtain the coated amino acid.

8. a process for the preparation of coated amino acids according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) sieving the energy feed raw materials to remove impurities, crushing the energy feed raw materials by a crusher, and sieving the crushed energy feed raw materials by a sieve with 10-20 meshes to obtain crushed energy feed raw materials;

(2) Mixing the amino acid component with the crushed energy feed raw material component in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;

(3) and (3) puffing the mixture obtained in the step (2) by a puffing machine at the temperature of 100-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa for 10-30 seconds, cooling, crushing, and sieving by a 30-50-mesh sieve to prepare solid powder.

(4) heating the highly saturated fatty acid component to 80-100 ℃ for dissolving, spraying the highly saturated fatty acid component onto the surface of the solid powder obtained in the step (3) at high pressure by using a spraying machine, uniformly mixing, and cooling to obtain the coated amino acid, wherein the pressure is 5-10MPa, and the spraying speed is 10-20L/min.

9. An aquaculture feed comprising a coated amino acid according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to coated amino acid and a preparation method thereof.

background

The fish meal is rich and balanced in proportion of amino acids, but the yield is low, the price is high, with the reduction of fish meal resources and the rise of the price, the breeding industry generally adopts plant protein sources (bean pulp, peanut pulp and the like) to add exogenous amino acids to replace the fish meal so as to solve the problem of unbalanced amino acids in feed.

in order to reduce the loss of crystalline amino acid in water and delay the absorption rate of the crystalline amino acid in intestinal tracts, the amino acid is coated by a microcapsule method and a coating method, wherein the microcapsule amino acid mainly uses palmitic acid and stearic acid as wall materials, the wall materials account for more than 50 percent, the melting points of the palmitic acid and the stearic acid are high and reach more than 50 ℃, the thickness of the capsule wall is large, the temperature in the body of fish is changed animals, the temperature of the fish depends on the temperature of the water body, so the microcapsule amino acid is often coated excessively, and the utilization effect is still unsatisfactory. The coating amino acid mainly takes high molecular materials (such as cellulose acetate, carrageenan and the like) as the coating materials, but the industry is complicated, and the high molecular materials are expensive, so that the use of the coating amino acid is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the coated amino acid and the preparation method thereof, the coated amino acid has simple process, easy operation and high coating rate, meanwhile, as the energy feed raw material is adopted as the wall material, the cost is reduced, the wall material can play a role in adhesion in the process of preparing the compound feed, the dissolution rate of the amino acid in the compound feed is further reduced, and the coated amino acid can be synchronously released and absorbed with the amino acid in the feed, so that the amino acid requirement of aquatic animals is fully met, the growth of the aquatic animals is promoted, and the aquaculture benefit of the aquatic animals is improved.

in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides a coated amino acid, which comprises the following components by mass percent: 15-35% of amino acid component; 10-20% of high saturated fatty acid component; 50-75% of energy feed raw material components.

in the present invention, the amino acid component may account for 15% to 35% by mass, for example, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 32%, or 35%; the mass percentage of the highly saturated fatty acid component is 10-20%, for example, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%; the energy feed raw material components account for 50-75% by mass, for example, 50%, 52%, 53%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 64%, 66%, 68%, 70%, 73% or 75%;

preferably, the coating amino acid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

20 to 30 percent of amino acid component; 10-15% of high saturated fatty acid component; 60-70% of energy feed raw material components.

The sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.

preferably, the amino acid component comprises any one of methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine, or a combination of at least two thereof, wherein a typical but non-limiting combination is: a combination of methionine and lysine; a combination of methionine and threonine; a combination of lysine and threonine; a combination of lysine and tryptophan; a combination of methionine and histidine; a combination of methionine and tryptophan; a combination of methionine and arginine; a combination of methionine and phenylalanine; a combination of methionine, lysine and threonine; a combination of methionine, lysine and histidine; methionine, lysine, tryptophan, a combination of histidine and threonine, methionine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, valine and threonine; methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and valine.

the amino acid components preferred in the present invention may specifically have the following combinations:

(1) a combination of methionine and lysine;

The methionine and lysine comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 40-80% methionine, 20-60% lysine, such as 40% methionine and 60% lysine, 50% methionine and 50% lysine, 60% methionine and 40% lysine, 70% methionine and 30% lysine, 80% methionine and 20% lysine;

(2) A combination of methionine, lysine and histidine;

The methionine, the lysine and the histidine comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 30-70% of methionine, 20-50% of lysine and 10-30% of histidine, such as 30% of methionine, 40% of lysine, 30% of histidine, 40% of methionine, 40% of lysine, 20% of histidine, 50% of methionine, 20% of lysine, 30% of histidine, 40% of methionine, 50% of lysine and 10% of histidine;

(3) methionine, lysine, threonine in combination with histidine;

The methionine, the lysine, the threonine and the histidine comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20-50% methionine, 20-40% lysine, 10-25% threonine, 10-20% histidine, such as 30% methionine, 30% lysine, 20% threonine, 20% histidine, 40% methionine, 40% lysine, 10% threonine, 10% histidine, 50% methionine, 20% lysine, 15% threonine, 15% histidine;

(4) a combination of methionine, lysine, threonine, histidine and leucine;

The methionine, the lysine, the threonine, the histidine and the leucine comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20-50% of methionine, 10-40% of lysine, 10-30% of threonine, 10-20% of histidine, 10-30% of leucine, such as 30% methionine, 20% lysine, 20% threonine, 20% histidine, 10% leucine, 40% methionine, 20% lysine, 20% threonine, 10% histidine, 10% leucine, 50% methionine, 15% lysine, 15% threonine, 20% histidine, 10% leucine;

the most preferred amino acid component in the present invention is a combination of methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine; under this combination, the amino acid component consists of the following components in percentage by mass:

20-40% of methionine, 15-30% of lysine, 10-30% of threonine, 1-10% of tryptophan, 1-10% of arginine, 5-15% of histidine, 10-30% of leucine, 1-10% of isoleucine, 5-10% of phenylalanine and 1-10% of valine, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.

Further, the most preferred amino acid component in the present invention is a combination of methionine, lysine, threonine; under this combination, the amino acid component consists of the following components in percentage by mass:

30-60% of methionine, 20-45% of lysine and 15-40% of threonine, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.

Further, the most preferred amino acid component in the present invention is a combination of methionine, lysine; under this combination, the amino acid component consists of the following components in percentage by mass:

40-80% of methionine and 20-60% of lysine, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.

Further, the most preferred amino acid component in the present invention is methionine.

by adopting the most preferable combination form, the invention can effectively solve the problems of lack of essential amino acid, unbalanced amino acid composition and the like in the feed taking bean pulp, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, blood meal and the like as main raw materials, can effectively improve the utilization of amino acid by aquatic animals, promote the growth and development of the aquatic animals, improve the survival rate, promote the growth of the aquatic animals and fully exert the growth potential of the aquatic animals.

Preferably, the highly saturated fatty component comprises any one of, or a combination of at least two of, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, with typical but non-limiting combinations being: a combination of lauric and myristic acids; a combination of lauric acid and palmitic acid; a combination of lauric acid and stearic acid; a combination of palmitic acid and stearic acids; a combination of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids; a combination of lauric, myristic and stearic acid; a combination of myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid.

Preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component is a combination of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid;

Further preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

10-30% of lauric acid, 5-20% of myristic acid, 15-40% of palmitic acid and 20-40% of stearic acid, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.

preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component is a combination of lauric acid, palmitic acid;

further preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

20-70% of lauric acid and 30-80% of palmitic acid, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.

Further preferably, the highly saturated fatty acid component is lauric acid;

By adopting the most preferable combination form, the invention can effectively improve the coating rate of the amino acid without causing excessive coating, can also effectively improve the fatty acid composition in the feed (the feed mainly contains unsaturated fatty acid, the fatty acid composition is unbalanced, and the absorption and utilization of the fatty acid are influenced), and improves the utilization rate of the amino acid by the aquatic animals, thereby promoting the growth of the aquatic animals and fully playing the growth potential of the aquatic animals.

preferably, the energy feed ingredient component comprises any one of corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice or a combination of at least two of these, with typical but non-limiting combinations being: a combination of corn and wheat; a combination of corn and barley; a combination of corn and rice; a combination of wheat and rice, a combination of wheat and sorghum; a combination of corn, wheat and barley; a combination of corn, wheat and rice; corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice.

preferably, the energy feed material component is a combination of corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice;

further preferably, the energy feed raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

20-50% of corn, 10-30% of wheat, 5-20% of barley, 5-20% of sorghum and 10-30% of rice, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.

preferably, the energy feed ingredient component is a combination of corn, wheat;

further preferably, the energy feed raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

40-80% of corn and 30-60% of wheat, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.

Further preferably, the energy feed ingredient component is corn;

by adopting the most preferable combination form, the swelling degree of the energy feed raw materials can be effectively improved, the coating rate of the amino acid is further improved, the binding effect can be realized in the feed compounding process, the water loss rate of the amino acid is further reduced, the amino acid can be slowly released in the fish body, the amino acid is synchronously absorbed, the utilization rate of the amino acid by the aquatic animals is improved, the growth of the aquatic animals is promoted, and the growth potential of the aquatic animals is fully exerted.

the coated amino acid is in powder form, and has a particle size of 0.1-1.5 mm, such as 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm or 1.5 mm.

In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the coated amino acid according to the first aspect, which comprises the following steps:

(1) sieving the energy feed raw materials to remove impurities, crushing the energy feed raw materials by a crusher, and sieving the crushed energy feed raw materials by a sieve with 10-20 meshes to obtain crushed energy feed raw materials;

(2) Mixing the amino acid component and the highly saturated fatty acid component, adding the crushed energy feed raw material component, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture;

(3) And (3) puffing the mixture obtained in the step (2) by a puffing machine at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 180 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa for 10-30 seconds, cooling, crushing, and sieving by a 30-50-mesh sieve to obtain the coated amino acid.

The invention adopts the preparation process that the energy feed raw material is firstly crushed, then mixed with the high saturated fatty acid component and the amino acid component, and then is subjected to puffing coating by the puffing machine, the preparation process not only can lead the amino acid component to be absorbed by the puffed energy feed raw material and enter the puffed micropores to achieve the coating effect in the puffing process, but also can lead the high saturated fatty acid to be dissolved and covered on the surface of the puffed energy feed raw material in the puffing process to achieve the double-layer coating effect, the coating rate is high, and the energy feed raw material serving as a coating material of the amino acid wall material in the feed preparation process can play a role of adhesion, the coating effect of the amino acid can be prevented from being damaged in the feed preparation process, thereby reducing the water loss rate of the amino acid after the feed enters water, and the amino acid can be slowly released in fish bodies to achieve the synchronous absorption of the amino acid, and improving the utilization rate, thereby promoting the growth of the aquatic animals and fully exerting the growth potential of the aquatic animals.

the present invention also provides another method for producing the coated amino acid according to the first aspect, which comprises the steps of:

(1) heating the highly saturated fatty acid component to 80-100 deg.C for dissolving, spraying with a sprayer at high pressure to the surface of the amino acid component, mixing, cooling, and making into solid powder with pressure of 5-10MPa and spraying speed of 10-20L/min.

(2) Sieving the energy feed raw materials to remove impurities, crushing the energy feed raw materials by a crusher, and sieving the crushed energy feed raw materials by a sieve with 10-20 meshes to obtain crushed energy feed raw materials;

(3) mixing the solid powder in the step (1) and the crushed energy feed raw material components in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;

(4) and (3) puffing the mixture obtained in the step (3) by a puffing machine at the temperature of 100-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa for 10-30 seconds, cooling, crushing, and sieving by a 30-50-mesh sieve to obtain the coated amino acid.

According to the invention, the highly saturated fatty acid component is dissolved firstly, sprayed to the surface of the amino acid component by a high-pressure sprayer for primary coating, and mixed with the crushed energy feed raw material for secondary coating by a bulking machine, so that the influence of the bulking process on the amino acid component can be reduced, the double-layer coating is performed step by step, the coating rate is higher, the energy feed raw material serving as a coating material for coating the amino acid wall material in the feed preparation process can play a role in adhesion, the coating effect of the amino acid can be prevented from being damaged in the feed preparation process, the water loss rate of the amino acid after the feed enters water is reduced, the amino acid can be slowly released in a fish body, the amino acid is synchronously absorbed, the utilization rate of the amino acid by aquatic animals is improved, the growth of the aquatic animals is promoted, and the growth potential of the aquatic animals is.

the present invention also provides another method for producing the coated amino acid according to the first aspect, which comprises the steps of:

(1) sieving the energy feed raw materials to remove impurities, crushing the energy feed raw materials by a crusher, and sieving the crushed energy feed raw materials by a sieve with 10-20 meshes to obtain crushed energy feed raw materials;

(2) Mixing the amino acid component with the crushed energy feed raw material component in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;

(3) and (3) puffing the mixture obtained in the step (2) by a puffing machine at the temperature of 100-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa for 10-30 seconds, cooling, crushing, and sieving by a 30-50-mesh sieve to prepare solid powder.

(4) Heating the highly saturated fatty acid component to 80-100 ℃ for dissolving, spraying the highly saturated fatty acid component onto the surface of the solid powder obtained in the step (3) at high pressure by using a spraying machine, uniformly mixing, and cooling to obtain the coated amino acid, wherein the pressure is 5-10MPa, and the spraying speed is 10-20L/min.

according to the invention, the energy feed raw materials are firstly crushed, then mixed with the amino acid components, and then expanded by the expander for primary coating, and then the highly unsaturated fatty acid components are dissolved and sprayed to the surface of the expanded material by the sprayer for secondary coating, so that the double-layer coating effect is achieved, the coating rate is high, and the energy feed raw materials serving as coating amino acid wall materials in the feed preparation process can play a role in adhesion, the coating effect of the amino acid can be prevented from being damaged in the feed preparation process, the water dissolution rate of the amino acid after the feed enters water is reduced, the amino acid can be slowly released in fish bodies, the amino acid synchronous absorption is achieved, the utilization rate of the amino acid by aquatic animals is improved, the growth of the aquatic animals is promoted, and the growth potential of the aquatic animals is fully exerted.

In conclusion, by adopting the specific amino acid, the highly unsaturated fatty acid and the energy feed raw material components and combining the preparation process, compared with the method of singly adopting the specific amino acid, the highly unsaturated fatty acid and the energy feed raw material components or adopting the preparation process, the coating rate of the amino acid can be provided, the utilization of the amino acid by aquatic animals is further promoted, the exogenous amino acid and the raw material amino acid can be synchronously absorbed in the body, the amino acid requirements of the aquatic animals are met, the growth of the aquatic animals is further promoted, the weight gain rate can be improved by more than 10%, and the cost can be reduced by more than 5%.

in a third aspect, the present invention also provides an aquaculture feed comprising a coated amino acid according to the first aspect.

compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

(1) the coated amino acid provided by the invention has the characteristics of high amino acid coating rate and easy operation of the process, and can reduce the feed cost;

(2) according to the invention, the amino acid components, the high non-fatty acid components and the energy feed raw material components are further optimized and prepared, and the specific amino acid components, the high non-fatty acid components and the energy feed raw material components are adopted and prepared according to a certain proportion, so that the coating rate of the amino acid can be improved, the water loss rate of the amino acid can be reduced, the amino acid can be slowly released in a fish body, the synchronous absorption of the amino acid is achieved, the utilization rate of the amino acid by the aquatic animals is improved, the growth of the aquatic animals is promoted, and the growth potential of the aquatic animals is fully exerted.

(3) The coated amino acid provided by the invention does not cause loss in the preparation of the compound feed, and can enhance the viscosity of the compound feed and reduce the use of adhesives or adhesive raw materials.

(4) the coated amino acid provided by the invention can reduce the cost of the aquatic feed by more than 5%.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described by way of examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.