阅读说明：本技术 一种分体座架式过顶跟踪天线 (Split seat frame type overhead tracking antenna ) 是由 曹江涛 王大为 韦俊苓 宫玉松 赵增芳 孙哲 肖松 张济良 董培松 孙琪 常硕 于 2021-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种分体座架式过顶跟踪天线,属于天线技术领域。该天线包括方位转台、座架和位于座架顶部的反射体,方位转台和座架之间设有倾斜机构；倾斜机构包括多个倾斜组；每个倾斜组均包括升降装置；升降装置均匀排布在方位转台的顶部。升降装置包括互为备份的两组液压伺服结构；互为备份的两组液压伺服结构的液压缸紧贴并立设置。倾斜组还包括上平台和下平台；上平台位于液压缸的活塞杆顶部,下平台位于液压缸缸筒底部。本发明实现了过顶跟踪功能,并且具有结构紧凑、可靠性高的优点。(The invention discloses a split-seat-frame type overhead tracking antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The antenna comprises an azimuth turntable, a seat frame and a reflector positioned at the top of the seat frame, wherein a tilting mechanism is arranged between the azimuth turntable and the seat frame; the tilting mechanism includes a plurality of tilting groups; each inclined group comprises a lifting device; the lifting devices are uniformly distributed at the top of the azimuth turntable. The lifting device comprises two groups of hydraulic servo structures which are backup to each other; the hydraulic cylinders of the two groups of hydraulic servo structures which are mutually backed up are closely attached and arranged in parallel. The tilting group further comprises an upper platform and a lower platform; the upper platform is positioned at the top of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the lower platform is positioned at the bottom of the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder. The invention realizes the over-top tracking function and has the advantages of compact structure and high reliability.)

1. The split seat frame type overhead tracking antenna comprises an azimuth turntable (1), a pitching seat frame (3) and a reflector (4) positioned at the top of the seat frame, and is characterized in that a tilting mechanism (2) is arranged between the azimuth turntable and the pitching seat frame.

2. The split-mount overhead tracking antenna of claim 1, wherein the tilt mechanism comprises a plurality of tilt combinations; each inclined combination comprises a lifting device; the lifting devices (2.2) are uniformly distributed at the top of the azimuth turntable, and each lifting device works independently.

3. The split-mount overhead tracking antenna of claim 2, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises two sets of hydraulic servos that are redundant of each other; two groups of hydraulic cylinders with hydraulic servo structures which are backup to each other are attached to each other in parallel.

4. The split-mount overhead tracking antenna of claim 3, wherein the tilt assembly further comprises an upper platform (2.3) and a lower platform (2.1); the upper platform is located at the top of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the lower platform is located at the bottom of a cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder.

5. The split-seat overhead tracking antenna according to claim 1, wherein the reflector has a pitch axis at the bottom and a pitch axis seat (3.2) is mounted on the top of the pitch seat for matching with the pitch axis.

6. The split-mount overhead tracking antenna of claim 5, further comprising a cable (5.1.3) and a cable power device for pulling the cable; the cable power devices are arranged on two opposite sides of the bottom of the antenna seat frame, one end of each cable is connected with the corresponding cable power device, and the other end of each cable is connected to the reflector above the corresponding cable power device; the cable power device drives the reflector to perform pitching motion through the cable.

7. The split-seat frame type overhead tracking antenna according to claim 6, further comprising a cable-stabilizing structure for stabilizing the cable, wherein the cable-stabilizing structure comprises a cable-stabilizing rope (6.1), a pulley and a tension sensor; one end of the stable rope is connected with the rope through a pulley, and the other end of the stable rope penetrates through the tension sensor and is fixed on the seat frame.

8. The split-mount overhead tracking antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein the reflector has a rotation angle range of the same magnitude on both sides thereof with a reference attitude in a vertical direction.

9. The split-mount overhead tracking antenna according to claim 5, further comprising a pitch limiting structure (7).

10. The split-pedestal overhead tracking antenna according to claim 1, wherein the azimuth turntable comprises an azimuth turntable (1.1) and a roller mechanism (1.2); an annular steel rail (8.1) is arranged on the foundation; the roller mechanism drives the azimuth turntable to do circular motion on the annular steel rail; the tilting mechanism is located at the upper part of the azimuth turntable.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a split-seat frame type overhead tracking antenna.

Background

The antenna of the satellite ground fixed tracking measuring station usually adopts an azimuth-elevation type antenna seat. The seat frame type has the advantages of simple structure, reliability in the traditional method, high precision and the like. But does not solve the problem of over-the-top tracking. The overhead tracking is a key technology in moving target tracking. Particularly for low orbit satellites, a "blind spot" appears near the 90 deg. zenith. When the satellite flies through the blind area, the azimuth speed of the antenna changes violently, the pitching speed of the antenna changes slowly, and the ground station antenna loses a tracking target due to insufficient azimuth speed. The size of the "blind spot" is related to the azimuth velocity and target height of the ground station antenna. Increasing the azimuth speed may reduce the range of the "blind zone", but the "blind zone" still exists. Because the blind zone needs to be completely eliminated, theoretically, the azimuth speed is infinite, and cannot be improved without limit due to factors such as the speed regulation range of the motor, the size and the weight of the antenna base and the like.

With the continuous development of low-orbit satellite remote sensing technology in recent years, ground resource exploration or military reconnaissance by using low-orbit satellites is quite common, and the problem of over-the-top tracking is more urgent. Until now, scientists in various countries mainly adopt the following ways to solve the target over-the-top tracking problem:

X-Y type antenna pedestal: two axes of the X-Y type antenna pedestal are horizontal counterweights which are orthogonal with each other, and the rotation of the azimuth axis of the azimuth-pitching type antenna pedestal to the horizontal position is equivalent. Thus, its blind zone is on the horizon. Usually, the area is not in the required working space, so the over-the-top tracking problem can be well solved. But the disadvantages are: the structure is not compact, and the balance weight is required to be added on both the two shafts, so that the rotational inertia of the two shafts is large, and the antenna is not suitable for a large-scale antenna.

Azimuth axis tilting antenna mount: the antenna azimuth axis is inclined by an angle in a certain direction, so that the survey station antenna deviates from a tracking blind area, the requirement on the maximum speed of the antenna azimuth rotation is reduced, and the effective tracking of a zenith area is realized. Since the azimuth axis inclination has a distinct directivity due to the difference in the track of the tracked target, this form is equivalent to mounting the azimuth-elevation type antenna mount on the inclination mechanism. But the disadvantages are: 1. the rotation return difference of the tilting mechanism can directly influence the basic rigidity and the tracking precision of the antenna pedestal, so that the resonant frequency of the antenna pedestal is reduced, and 2, the tilting mechanism is too far away from the antenna reflecting surface, so that the antenna bears larger overturning moment; 3. limited bearing capacity, difficult manufacture and adjustment, and is not suitable for large antennas.

The azimuth-elevation antenna pedestal is additionally provided with a lifting mechanism: for the antenna of the azimuth elevation type, a lifting device is added below the antenna seat. The whole antenna is lifted, and the lifting direction can be adjusted. The lifting device is generally in the form of hydraulic pressure or a lead screw. The lifting in one direction to a certain fixed angle is equivalent to the case that the azimuth axis inclines the antenna pedestal. This form also has the disadvantage of not being suitable for large antennas.

Parallel mechanism antenna pedestal: the traditional shafting motion is abandoned, and the multi-rod parallel mechanism is directly used as the antenna pedestal. Each rod uses a linear driving mechanism and a hinging mode, so that the multi-freedom-degree movement of the antenna head relative to the antenna base is realized, and the pointing of a zenith area is more accurate and flexible. The disadvantages are limited conversion speed, limited carrying capacity and the structural form is not suitable for large antennas.

Active reflecting surface technology: a500-caliber spherical antenna (FAST) built by a Guizhou plain pool and a large pit keeper has a large caliber which completely exceeds the bearing range of the traditional antenna pedestal, so that the active deformation technology of a reflecting surface is adopted. 4450 huge reflecting surfaces are directly arranged on a flexible cable net, and nodes of the flexible cable net are subjected to real-time numerical control tension driving through 2227 pull-down ground anchor actuators, so that the reflecting surfaces are stretched into paraboloids with different instantaneous directions. FAST takes the form of an active reflecting surface and has no antenna mount structure. There are also some extended structures, such as direct three-rod (four-rod, six-rod, etc.) jacking supporting reflecting surface without antenna base. Although the antenna in the type does not have the problem of zenith blind area, the observation angle is limited and is concentrated near a zenith area. In addition, the antenna form has great limitation, and is not suitable for popularization except for special cases.

In summary, although the above methods can solve the problem of overhead tracking of the small-diameter antenna, the above methods cannot effectively solve the problem of overhead tracking of the large-sized fully movable antenna, and mainly are difficult to overcome the problem of the size of the large-sized antenna. For a large-sized fully movable antenna, the weight of a reflector and a seat frame is very large, the reflector and the seat frame move many thousands of tons, the height of the reflector reaches about one hundred meters, and huge inertia is generated in the moving process.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a split-mount overhead tracking antenna. The antenna structure realizes the tilting motion of the antenna by adding the tilting mechanism on the basis of the pitching azimuth motion of the large antenna in the traditional form, thereby realizing the over-top tracking function and having the advantages of compact structure and high reliability.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a split type seat frame formula is crossed top and is trailed antenna, includes reflector, every single move seat frame, position revolving stage and tilt mechanism, the reflector is located every single move seat frame top, and the position revolving stage passes through roller mechanism and sets up on ground circular orbit. The tilting mechanism is arranged between the azimuth turntable and the pitching seat frame.

Further, the tilt mechanism includes a plurality of tilt combinations; each inclined combination comprises an upper platform, a lifting device, a lower platform and the like; the inclined combination is uniformly distributed around the top of the azimuth turntable and is respectively connected with the pitching seat frame and the azimuth turntable through the upper platform and the lower platform.

Furthermore, the lifting device comprises two groups of hydraulic servo structures which are backup to each other; each group of hydraulic servo structure bodies is a hydraulic cylinder capable of moving in two directions. The hydraulic cylinders of the two groups of hydraulic servo structures which are mutually backed up are closely attached and arranged in parallel.

Furthermore, the upper platform is located at the top of the extending section of the hydraulic cylinder, and the lower platform is located at the bottom of the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder.

Furthermore, a pitching shaft is arranged at the bottom of the reflector, and a pitching shaft seat used for being matched with the pitching shaft is installed at the top of the pitching seat frame.

Further, the pitch mount further comprises a cable drive. The cable driving device is arranged at the bottom of the pitching seat frame and at the two sides of the pitching shaft. The cable driving device mainly comprises a servo driving motor, a winding drum, a control system and a cable. The cable is mainly wound on the winding drum, and one end extending out of the winding drum is tied to the bottom of the reflector. The antenna realizes the pitching motion of the reflector through the cable driving device.

Further, the rope stabilizing device further comprises a rope stabilizing structure used for stabilizing the rope, wherein the rope stabilizing structure comprises a rope, a pulley and a tension sensor; one end of the stable rope is connected with the rope through a pulley, and the other end of the stable rope penetrates through the tension sensor and is fixed on the seat frame.

Furthermore, the device also comprises a pitching limiting mechanism. Every single move stop gear includes main part steelframe, buffer gear, locking mechanical system. In the process of cable-driven pitching motion, when the reflector approaches the motion limit, the specific position at the bottom of the reflector firstly contacts the buffer mechanism, the speed is 0 after buffering, and then the reflector is locked by the locking mechanism.

Further, the reflector has equal or unequal rotation ranges on both sides thereof with the vertically upward reference attitude.

Further, the azimuth turntable comprises an azimuth turntable and a plurality of roller mechanisms. The azimuth turntable is a steel component with a flat-layer truss structure, and the roller mechanisms are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the azimuth turntable. The azimuth turntable runs on an annular track of a foundation through a roller mechanism, supports upper mechanisms such as a pitching seat frame and a reflector of the antenna and drives the upper mechanisms to do azimuth circular motion.

Further, the antenna structure also comprises a non-contact real-time measuring system. And equipment such as a total station or a laser tracker and the like is arranged on the azimuth turntable, and a reflective target is arranged at a proper position on the back of the reflector. And in the antenna movement process, the position change of the target is observed in real time through the total station, and whether the attitude angle of the reflector is normal or not can be calculated or verified.

The invention adopts the technical scheme to produce the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention increases the tilting motion of the antenna by dividing the traditional azimuth-elevation antenna pedestal into two parts and additionally arranging a tilting mechanism between the two parts, thereby realizing the over-top tracking function of the antenna.

2. The invention realizes the pitching motion of the antenna by a bidirectional cable driving mode, eliminates the traditional large-scale sector gear mechanism, effectively reduces the weight of the movable part in the antenna and reduces the total height.

3. The invention forms space supporting stress on a large scale for the movable reflector part, so that the movement is more stable and reliable.

4. The invention abandons the traditional counterweight balancing mode, skillfully balances through the tension of the two side cables, and can also greatly reduce the weight of the movable reflector part of the antenna.

5. The technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages of compact structure, high reliability and convenient maintenance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of hydraulic cylinders that are backup to each other in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a reflector in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a cable drive arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a stabilizer structure in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a pitch limit structure in the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. an azimuth turntable, 2, a tilting mechanism, 3, a pitching seat frame, 4, a reflector, 5, a cable driving device, 6, a cable stabilizing mechanism, 7, a pitching limiting structure, 8, a foundation, 1.1, an azimuth turntable, 1.2, a roller mechanism, 2.1, a lower platform, 2.2, a lifting device, 2.3, an upper platform, 3.1, a space framework, 3.2, a pitching shaft seat, 4.1, a reflecting surface, 4.2, a space net rack, 4.3, a pitching shaft mechanism, 5.1, a cable driving device, 5.2, a cable stress structure, 5.1.1, a servo driving motor, 5.1.2, a winding drum, 5.1.3, a cable, 5.1.4, a tension sensor, 5.1.5, a control unit, 6.1, a stable cable, 6.2, a pulley assembly, 6.3, an adjustable retainer, 7.1, a main body steel frame, 7.2, a buffer structure, 7.3, a steel rail locking mechanism and 8.1 annular steel rail assemblies,

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

A split-seat-frame overhead tracking antenna comprises a reflector, a pitching seat frame, a tilting mechanism, an azimuth turntable, a cable driving device and a foundation.

The reflector is positioned at the top of the pitching mounting, and the tilting mechanism is positioned between the pitching mounting and the azimuth turntable, so that tilting movement of the pitching mounting and the reflector is realized. The cable driving device is arranged on the pitching seat frame, and pitching motion of the reflector is achieved. The azimuth turntable comprises an azimuth truss and a roller mechanism, and azimuth motion of the antenna is realized.

Further, the tilt mechanism includes a plurality of tilt combinations; each inclined combination comprises an upper platform, a lower platform and a lifting device; the upper platform and the lower platform are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the lifting device and are used for connecting the pitching seat frame and the azimuth turntable.

Furthermore, the lifting device comprises two groups of hydraulic servo structures which are backup to each other; two groups of hydraulic cylinders with hydraulic servo structures which are mutually backed up are arranged in parallel.

Furthermore, a pitching shaft is arranged at the bottom of the reflector, and a pitching shaft seat used for being matched with the pitching shaft is installed at the top of the pitching seat frame.

Further, the device also comprises a cable and a cable power device for pulling the cable; the cable power devices are arranged on two opposite sides of the bottom of the antenna seat frame, one end of each cable is connected with the corresponding cable power device, and the other end of each cable is connected to the reflector above the corresponding cable power device; the cable power device drives the reflector to perform pitching motion through the cable.

Further, the rope stabilizing device further comprises a rope stabilizing structure used for stabilizing the rope, wherein the rope stabilizing structure comprises a rope, a pulley and a tension sensor; one end of the stable rope is connected with the rope through a pulley, and the other end of the stable rope penetrates through the tension sensor and is fixed on the seat frame.

Further, the reflector has the same size of rotation angle range on both sides thereof with the vertically upward as a reference attitude.

Further, the azimuth turntable comprises a foundation and an azimuth table, and annular steel rails are arranged on the foundation; the bottom of the azimuth platform is provided with a roller which moves on the annular steel rail, and the roller drives the azimuth platform to do circular motion on the annular steel rail; the tilt mechanism is located on an upper surface of the azimuth table.

The following is a more specific example:

referring to fig. 1 to 7, a split-mount overhead tracking antenna, first has a split-mount with an azimuth moving part and a pitch moving part separated from each other, and a tilt mechanism is added therebetween, as compared to a conventional azimuth-pitch type mount. The tilting mechanism realizes the tilting motion of the reflector, so that the antenna not only can realize the conventional azimuth motion and pitching motion of the antenna seat frame, but also increases the tilting motion of the reflector, thereby sweeping the zenith blind area to a certain extent and realizing the over-the-top tracking.

A split seat frame type overhead tracking antenna comprises main parts such as an azimuth turntable 1, a tilting mechanism 2, a pitching seat frame 3, a reflector 4, a cable driving device 5 and the like, and further comprises a cable stabilizing mechanism 6, a pitching limiting device 7, a foundation 8 and the like.

The azimuth turntable 1 mainly comprises an azimuth turntable 1.1. A group of roller mechanisms 1.2 are arranged at the bottom of the rotary table, so that the direction rotation function of the rotary table can be realized.

The tilting mechanism 2 comprises a plurality of groups and is arranged on the upper plane of the azimuth turntable. Each group of tilting mechanisms mainly comprises a lower platform 2.1, a lifting device 2.2, an upper platform 2.3 and the like. The lifting device adopts a hydraulic servo mechanism, so that large jacking force can be realized, and the upper end of the lifting device is connected with the upper platform. In this embodiment, the tilting mechanism includes four symmetrical groups, and each lifting device has a standby servo mechanism to prevent the main servo mechanism from malfunctioning. The lifting device and the upper and lower platforms are fixed in a hinged mode.

The pitch mount 3 mainly comprises a space frame 3.1. Two pitching shaft seats 3.2 are symmetrically arranged on the upper part of the upper part and are used for supporting the upper mechanism. The seat frame is fixed on an upper platform of the tilting mechanism.

The reflector 4 comprises a reflecting surface 4.1 and a space net 4.2 supporting the reflecting surface. The reflector is mounted on the mount and has rotational freedom. The lower part of the pitching frame is provided with a pitching shaft mechanism 4.3 which is matched and connected with a pitching shaft seat 3.2 arranged at the top of the pitching frame 3, so that the reflector 4 has the freedom degree of rotation along the pitching shaft relative to the pitching frame 3 and realizes the pitching rotation of the reflector relative to the pitching shaft (which can be regarded as a connecting line of two pitching shaft seats) in a matching way.

The cable driving device 5 mainly comprises a cable power device 5.1 and a cable stress mechanism 5.2. The cable driving device achieves the purpose of pitching motion of the reflector rotating towards the two sides of the pitching shaft to the same degree. The cable power devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom of the seat frame. The cable power device 5.1 adopts a motor servo winch structure and mainly comprises a motor speed reducer combination 5.1.1, a winch drum 5.1.2, a cable 5.1.3 wound on the winch drum, a tension sensor 5.1.4, a control unit 5.1.5 and the like. The motor reducer combination drives the winding drum to rotate in the positive and negative directions, so that the rope wound on the winding drum is driven to extend or shorten. The tension sensor is used for monitoring whether the tension of the cable is uniform and in a reasonable range. The control unit collects data of the tension sensor, and the data are analyzed and fed back to the motor reducer combination for adjustment. Corresponding to the cable power device on the seat frame, the cable stress mechanism 5.2 is arranged at the lower part of the reflector and is also symmetrically distributed at two sides. The cable power device and the cable stress mechanism are connected through a cable.

The cable is provided with one or more cables. The plurality of cables corresponds to more than one cable power device. The safety cables are arranged in the cables, so that tension is not mainly provided when the telescope is normally used, and the safety cables play a role in special conditions such as breakage of other cables and the like, so that the reflector can safely fall back to a stable posture under extreme conditions.

Further, a cable stabilizing mechanism 6 is also included. The cable stabilizing mechanism is arranged on the seat frame, the cable is connected with the pulley assembly 6.2 at the extending end of the cable stabilizing mechanism 6.1, and the cable is contacted with the extending end through the pulley and is not fixed. For the multi-cord case, there is also an adjustable cage 6.3 configuration. The cage structure resembles a constraint between high-altitude high-voltage wires for defining the position and distance between the cables near a cross-section. In the pitching motion process, the relative angle and distance between the cables can be changed, and the retainer is provided with elastic components such as springs and the like to adjust different constraint points. The cable stabilizing mechanism is used for overcoming the disadvantages of abnormal cable shaking vibration and the like which can occur under the conditions of strong wind, equipment vibration and the like.

Further, the device also comprises a pitching limiting device 7. The two pitching limiting devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the seat frame and respectively correspond to the pitching angle limits of the seat frame. The pitching limiting device mainly comprises a main body steel frame 7.1, a buffer mechanism 7.2, a locking mechanism 7.3 and the like. The contact platform is positioned at the protruding end part of the main body steel frame, and the buffer mechanism and the locking mechanism are respectively arranged on the contact platform. When the pitching motion is fast to the limit position, the preset protruding position of the reflector firstly contacts the buffer mechanism of the pitching limiting device, and the reflector reaches the limit position and stops moving after the impact force and the speed of the reflector are buffered. The locking mechanism can at this time strongly and effectively lock the reflector.

Further, the device also comprises a foundation 8, wherein an annular steel rail 8.1 is arranged on the foundation and corresponds to the roller mechanism 1.2 at the bottom of the azimuth turntable 1, so that azimuth rotary motion of the whole seat frame on the annular steel rail is realized.

In summary, the technical scheme provided by the invention realizes the tilting motion of the antenna by splitting the seat frame into the azimuth motion part and the pitching motion part and adding the tilting mechanism between the azimuth motion part and the pitching motion part, thereby sweeping the zenith blind area and realizing the over-the-top tracking function of the antenna. Meanwhile, the pitching motion of the telescope antenna is realized by adopting a cable driving mode, the traditional large sector gear mechanism is eliminated, the weight of the movable reflector part in the telescope antenna is effectively reduced, and the overall height is reduced. The technical scheme has the advantages of compact structure, stability, reliability, strong realizability and convenient maintenance. Is an important inventive improvement of the prior art solutions.

It should be understood that the above description of the embodiments of the present patent is only an exemplary description for facilitating the understanding of the patent scheme by the person skilled in the art, and does not imply that the scope of protection of the patent is only limited to these examples, and that the person skilled in the art can obtain more embodiments by combining technical features, replacing some technical features, adding more technical features, and the like to the various embodiments listed in the patent without any inventive effort on the premise of fully understanding the patent scheme, and therefore, the new embodiments are also within the scope of protection of the patent.

Furthermore, for the purpose of simplifying this description, this patent may not list some common embodiments, which will occur to those skilled in the art after understanding the present patent, and obviously, these embodiments should be included in the scope of the patent protection.