阅读说明：本技术 一种河谷挑流鼻坎 (River valley trajectory bucket ) 是由 周望武 王立杰 苗宝广 张苾萃 顾莉 于 2019-10-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种河谷挑流鼻坎,包括反弧底板、第一边导墙和第二边导墙,所述第一边导墙为平行于中轴线的直线墙,第二边导墙为尾部向中轴线偏转的斜线墙；所述反弧底板沿水流方向的出口包括第一折线出口和第二折线出口；第一折线出口的折线起点从第一边导墙的末端开始,至穿过中轴线后结束；第二折线出口的折线起点由第一折线出口末端开始,连接至靠近第二边导墙的末端。大部分水流沿第一折线出口横向分散挑出,水流受第二边导墙的斜向导向作用,出流略向中间挤压并与第一折线出口水舌碰撞消能。水舌入水点为沿下游河道方向狭长的带状,下泄水流分散,降低了入水能量,并充分利用河床深覆盖层形成的水垫消能,减轻下游两岸边水面波动和两岸冲刷。(A valley trajectory bucket comprises an inverted arc bottom plate, a first side guide wall and a second side guide wall, wherein the first side guide wall is a straight line wall parallel to a central axis, and the second side guide wall is an oblique line wall with the tail part deflecting towards the central axis; the outlets of the reverse arc bottom plate along the water flow direction comprise a first fold line outlet and a second fold line outlet; the starting point of the fold line of the first fold line outlet starts from the tail end of the first side guide wall and ends after penetrating through the central axis; the starting point of the folding line of the second folding line outlet is connected to the end close to the second edge guide wall from the end of the first folding line outlet. Most of water flow is transversely dispersed and picked out along the first folding line outlet, and the water flow is slightly extruded towards the middle under the oblique guiding action of the second edge guide wall and collides with the water tongue of the first folding line outlet to dissipate energy. The water tongue water inlet point is in a long and narrow strip shape along the downstream river channel direction, the downward drainage water flow is dispersed, the water inlet energy is reduced, the water cushion formed by the deep covering layer of the river bed is fully utilized for energy dissipation, and the water surface fluctuation and the two bank scouring of the two banks of the downstream are reduced.)

1. A valley trajectory bucket comprises a reverse arc bottom plate (3), and a first side guide wall (1) and a second side guide wall (2) which are respectively combined with two side surfaces of the reverse arc bottom plate (3), wherein the reverse arc bottom plate (3) comprises a horizontal section and a curved section, and the curved section is a downward concave curved surface and is connected with the horizontal section; the first side guide wall (1) and the second side guide wall (2) are vertical planes, and the first side guide wall (1) is a linear wall parallel to the central axis, and the second side guide wall (2) is an oblique line wall with the tail part deflecting towards the central axis;

The outlets of the curved surface section along the water flow direction comprise a first fold line outlet (4) and a second fold line outlet (5);

The starting point of the folding line of the first folding line outlet (4) starts from the tail end of the first edge guide wall (1) and ends after passing through the central axis, and is connected with the starting point of the folding line of the second folding line outlet (5), the starting point of the folding line of the second folding line outlet (5) starts from the tail end of the first folding line outlet (4) and is connected to the tail end close to the second edge guide wall (2), the width B between the terminal point of the second folding line outlet (5) and the tail end of the second edge guide wall (2) is smaller than or equal to 1/10 of the initial width B of the flip front edge, and the included angle alpha between the folding line of the first folding line outlet (4) and the folding line of the second folding line outlet (5) is 125 degrees ~ 135 degrees.

2. The river valley flip bucket according to claim 1, wherein the angle β 1 of the counter arc base plate (3) within the length of the first side guide wall (1) is 9 ° ~ 20 °, and the angle β 2 of the counter arc base plate (3) within the length of the second side guide wall (2) is 28 ° ~ 34 °.

3. The river valley flip bucket according to claim 2, characterized in that the radius R1 of the anti-arc bottom plate (3) within the length of the first side guide wall (1) is 6 ~ 12 times the water depth h within the flip bucket.

4. The river valley flip bucket according to claim 1, wherein the angle θ of the deflection of the tail of the second edge guide wall (2) to the central axis is 0 ° ~ 5 °, the radial width B1 of the first fold line outlet (4) is 0.7B ~ 0.75B, and the radial width B2 of the second fold line outlet (5) is 0.25B ~ 0.3.3B.

5. The river valley flip bucket according to any one of claims 1 ~ 4, wherein the height difference H from the outlet end of the second fold line outlet (5) to the downstream river surface is 40m ~ 60 m.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the field of flood discharge and energy dissipation structures of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, in particular to a river valley trajectory bucket.

Background

At present, most of the water conservancy and hydropower engineering in China is located in southwest high mountain canyon riverways, flood discharge water heads of the high mountain canyon riverways are high, single wide flow is large, flood discharge power is large, and mountains and valleys at the outlet of a flood discharge building are steep and narrow. Especially, when the downstream riverbed is a deep covering layer, the scouring mechanism of the downstream riverway by the picked-down water flow is more complicated, and the flow state is more disordered. The trajectory energy dissipation is an energy dissipation form widely applied to water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and the operation mode of trajectory energy dissipation is that a trajectory bucket is arranged at the tail end of a water outlet structure, so that water flow is projected towards the downstream, partial energy is eliminated through the diffusion, turbulence and aeration of jet flow in the air, and then the water flow falls into a river channel far away from the trajectory bucket and falls into the downstream.

common types of flip bucket include a chamfered flip bucket, a narrow slit flip bucket, and the like. The dispersion degree of the water flow of the oblique cutting flip bucket is limited, the energy dissipation effect is poor, and the water flow is easy to impact the opposite bank, so that the safety of the opposite bank is endangered; the side walls on the two sides of the narrow-slit flip bucket are stressed greatly, and the height of the side walls is high. When the axis of the flood discharge building has a certain included angle with the downstream river channel, the river valley is narrow, and the covering layer of the downstream river bed is deep, the drop point and the water inlet angle of the picked water flow are difficult to control, and when the trajectory of the effluent water tongue is improperly controlled, the water tongue can be hit to the bank or impact to the opposite bank, so that the protection engineering amount of the two banks at the downstream is large, and the investment is increased. Therefore, a flip bucket structure needs to be reasonably arranged, and the operation safety of the project is ensured.

Disclosure of Invention

in order to overcome the defects that the nappe in the prior art is difficult to control and is easy to impact to the opposite bank to endanger the safety, the invention aims to provide the river valley flip bucket which is used for the river channel of the high mountain canyon and the downstream deep covering layer, has simple structure, convenient construction and sufficient energy dissipation, enables the flip bucket to discharge the effluent along the river channel, and fully utilizes the water cushion formed by the downstream river bed covering layer to dissipate the energy.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

A valley trajectory bucket comprises a reverse arc bottom plate, a first side guide wall and a second side guide wall, wherein the first side guide wall and the second side guide wall are respectively combined with two side faces of the reverse arc bottom plate, the reverse arc bottom plate comprises a horizontal section and a curved section, the curved section is a downward concave curved surface and is connected with the horizontal section, the first side guide wall and the second side guide wall are vertical planes, the valley trajectory bucket is characterized in that the first side guide wall is a straight line wall parallel to a central axis, the second side guide wall is a slope wall with the tail part deflected towards the central axis, the outlet of the curved section along the water flow direction comprises a first fold line outlet and a second fold line outlet, the fold line starting point of the first fold line outlet starts from the tail end of the first side guide wall and ends after penetrating through the central axis and is connected with the start point of the second fold line outlet, the fold line starting point of the second fold line outlet starts from the tail end of the first fold line outlet and is connected with the tail end of the second side guide wall, the width B between the tail end of the second fold line outlet and the tail end of the second side guide wall is smaller than or equal to 1/10, the initial width B of the trajectory bucket, the horizontal line outlet, the included angle between the first fold line outlet and the horizontal line is changed into a horizontal line angle, the horizontal line outlet, the included angle between the horizontal line, the horizontal line outlet, the included angle, the.

The width of the first fold line outlet is large, the angle of the first fold line outlet is increased by a small amount, and most of water flow is transversely dispersed and picked out along the first fold line outlet. The length of the second fold line outlet along the water flow direction is longer, the longitudinal dispersion degree is increased after the water tongue is out of the ridge, and the water inlet angle is increased. The water flow is guided by the second edge guide wall in an inclined manner, outflow is slightly extruded towards the middle and collides with the first fold line outlet water tongue to dissipate energy, and the energy dissipation effect is good. The water tongue water inlet point is in a long and narrow strip shape along the downstream river channel direction, the downward drainage water flow is dispersed, the water inlet energy is reduced, the water cushion formed by the deep covering layer of the river bed is fully utilized for energy dissipation, and the water surface fluctuation and the two bank scouring of the two banks of the downstream are reduced.

The angle beta 1 of the reverse arc bottom plate in the length range of the first side guide wall is 9 degrees ~ 20 degrees, the length of the first side guide wall is L1 (13 m ~ 25 m), the length of the second side guide wall is L2 (38 m ~ 45 m), the angle beta 2 of the reverse arc bottom plate in the length range of the second side guide wall is 28 degrees ~ 34 degrees, the sill outlet water tongue of the second side guide wall is raised into a river at a larger water inlet angle, and the tail part of the second side guide wall deviates a certain distance towards the central axis to enable the water tongue to be far away from the bank and deflect into the river.

The radius R1 of the reverse arc bottom plate in the length range of the first side guide wall is 6 ~ 12 times of the water depth h in the flip bucket, the same reverse arc radius R1 is adopted in the linear length range of the first side guide wall, the design can reduce the picking flow rate compared with the conventional picking under the same condition, and the purposes of adjusting the position of a water tongue drop point and the water inlet angle can be achieved by adjusting the second reverse arc radius R2 and the picking angle beta 2, so that the flood discharge and energy dissipation effects are improved.

The radial width B1 of the first fold line outlet is 0.7B ~ 0.75.75B, the radial width B2 of the second fold line outlet is 0.25B ~ 0.3.3B, the deflection angle theta of the tail part of the second edge guide wall to the central axis is 0 degree ~ 5 degrees, the net width of the bottom plate of the flip bucket is reduced from the inlet section along the water flow direction, most of water flow is dispersed and picked out along the transverse direction of the first fold line outlet, the longitudinal dispersion degree of the water flow at the second fold line outlet after the water flow tongue is out of the flip bucket is increased, the water inlet angle is increased, and two parts of water flow collide and dissipate energy in the process of inward extrusion.

The height difference H from the outlet end of the second fold line outlet to the downstream river water surface is 40m ~ 60 m.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) Through reasonable arrangement of the fold-line-shaped flip bucket structure, the longitudinal and transverse dispersion degree of the nappe is increased, so that the nappe can be longitudinally pulled open along a river to dissipate energy.

2) The tail end of the second side guide wall deflects towards the central axis to extrude the water tongue towards the middle, so that the water tongue water-entering angle is increased, and the water tongue submerges and dissipates energy.

3) the position of the side guide wall, the radius of the reverse arc bottom plate and the cantilever angle can be adjusted, so that the water inlet point of the ridge outlet water tongue is longitudinally pulled open along the downstream river channel to disperse the entering water, and the arrangement condition that a certain included angle exists between the axis of the flood discharge building and the central line of the downstream river channel and the river valley is narrow is adapted.

4) most of water flow is transversely dispersed and picked out along the first folding line outlet, the longitudinal dispersity of the water at the second folding line outlet after the water tongue is out of the ridge is increased, the water inlet angle is increased, and the two parts of water flow collide with each other to dissipate energy in inward extrusion, so that the energy dissipation effect is better.

5) The water tongue water inlet point is in a long and narrow strip shape along the downstream river channel direction, the downward drainage water flow is dispersed, the water inlet energy is reduced, the water cushion formed by the deep covering layer of the river bed is fully utilized for energy dissipation, and the water surface fluctuation and the two bank scouring of the two banks of the downstream are reduced.

6) The invention has simple structure and convenient construction.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional construction of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a nappe according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section and a flush view of a nappe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional configuration view of another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a top view of a nappe according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section and flush view of a nappe according to another embodiment of the present invention;

In the figure

1-a first side guide wall; 2-a second edge guide wall; 3-a reverse arc bottom plate; 4-a first fold line outlet; 5-a second fold line outlet; 6-range of water entry point of nappe; 7-downstream local shoreline; 8-downstream opposite shore edge line; 9-original terrain line (overburden line); 10-Water tongue in Water form.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

a valley trajectory bucket comprises a reverse arc bottom plate 3, a first side guide wall 1 and a second side guide wall 2 which are respectively combined with two side surfaces of the reverse arc bottom plate 3, the reverse arc bottom plate 3 comprises a horizontal section and a curved section, the curved section is a downward concave curved surface and is connected with the horizontal section, the first side guide wall 1 and the second side guide wall 2 are vertical planes, the valley trajectory bucket is characterized in that the first side guide wall 1 is a straight line wall parallel to a central axis, the second side guide wall 2 is a slant line wall with the tail part deflected towards the central axis at an angle theta of 0 DEG ~ DEG, an outlet of the curved section along the water flow direction comprises a first fold line outlet 4 and a second fold line outlet 5, a fold line starting point of the first fold line outlet 4 starts from the tail end of the first side guide wall 1 to end after passing through the central axis and is connected with a fold line starting point of the second fold line outlet 5, the radial width B1 of the first fold line outlet 4 is 0.7B 460.75B, a fold line starting point of the second fold line outlet 4 is connected to the tail end of a second fold line outlet 70.75, a radial width of a second fold line outlet 395, a fold line outlet is connected with a fold line starting point of a second fold line outlet 70.5, a fold line, a radial width of a fold line outlet, a fold line of a fold line outlet 60.2, a radial direction, a fold line of a fold line outlet of a fold line of a second fold line outlet of a river course, a downstream of a river course outlet of a.

The width of the first fold line outlet is large, the angle of the first fold line outlet is increased by a small amount, and most of water flow is transversely dispersed and picked out along the first fold line outlet. The length of the second fold line outlet along the water flow direction is longer, the longitudinal dispersion degree is increased after the water tongue is out of the ridge, and the water inlet angle is increased. The water flow is guided by the second edge guide wall in an inclined manner, outflow is slightly extruded towards the middle and collides with the first fold line outlet water tongue to dissipate energy, and the energy dissipation effect is good. The water tongue water inlet point is in a long and narrow strip shape along the downstream river channel direction, the downward drainage water flow is dispersed, the water inlet energy is reduced, the water cushion formed by the deep covering layer of the river bed is fully utilized for energy dissipation, and the water surface fluctuation and the two bank scouring of the two banks of the downstream are reduced.

The length of the first side guide wall 1 is L1 (13 m ~ m), the angle beta 1 of the reverse arc bottom plate 3 is 9 degrees ~ degrees, the radius R1 is 6 8612 times of the water depth h in the flip bucket, the length of the second side guide wall 2 is L2 (38 m ~ m), the angle beta 2 of the reverse arc bottom plate 3 is 28 degrees ~ degrees, the lengths of the two side guide walls are unequal and are asymmetrically arranged, the angle of the outlet bucket is increased from small to high, and the corresponding elevation is increased from low to high.

The following will be further explained by taking a large hydropower station project adopting the technical scheme of the invention as an example and combining the accompanying drawings:

in a large hydropower station project, a dam site area is a high mountain canyon area, the landforms of two banks are steep, and the slope of a bank slope is about 65-73 degrees. Most earth surfaces are exposed to weakly weathered bedrocks, rock masses are separated from the earth surfaces due to local steep and strong unloading zones of terrains, the rock masses are loosened integrally, and unloading cracks develop. The riverbed covering layer is deep, the maximum thickness is 71.4m, most of the riverbed covering layer is composed of sandy low-liquid-limit clay and low-liquid-limit clay, and the riverbed covering layer can become turbid water after being stirred by flood discharge water flow. Two flood spillway holes and one flood discharge emptying hole are arranged in parallel on the right bank, and the included angle between the axis of the flood discharge structure and the central line of the downstream river channel is about 28 degrees. If the drop point of the downward drainage water flow and the water inlet angle of the water tongue are not well controlled, the bank can be knocked or the opposite bank slope can be washed, and the local instability of the slope rock mass can be caused. The water depth formed by the riverbed covering layer is considered, so that most of the downward flow energy is consumed in the water, and the bank slope protection range and the protection depth are reduced.

Therefore, the river valley trajectory bucket of the invention is respectively arranged at the openings of the two spillway holes to solve the technical problems. The downstream topographic and geological conditions of the two flip bucket bodies are the same, a protruding mountain body is arranged at the outlet of one flood hole, and the topographic conditions are adapted by changing the parameters of one flip bucket body.

First embodiment as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, 3, 4, and 5, a valley trajectory bucket comprises a first edge guide wall 1, a second edge guide wall 2, a concave-down reverse arc bottom plate 3, a first fold line outlet 4, and a second fold line outlet 5. The width of an entrance of the flip bucket is B =15 m; the first side guide wall 1 is straight and 15.4m long, and the angle β 1=11.1148 °; the second side guide wall 2 is oblique and 40.5m long, the tail part deviates 1.0m from the central axis (the deflection angle theta =1.4149 degrees), and the angle beta 2=30.4037 degrees is selected; the radius R1= R2=80m of the concave-down counter arc floor 3; the angle of the first folding line outlet 4 is increased from 11.1148 degrees to 15.7427 degrees, and the height of the flip bucket is increased from 2585.5m to 2587.0 m; the angle of the second fold line outlet 5 is increased from 15.7427 degrees to 30.4037 degrees, the flip bucket height is increased from 2587.0m to 2595.0m, and the width b of the tail end of the second fold line outlet is =1.0 m; the included angle between the two folding flip buckets is alpha =131.2173 degrees.

spilled flood tunnel spills and checks flood flow 4400 m³And/s, the average flow velocity at the inlet of the flip bucket is 38.5 m/s. The model test results show that: when discharging flood at all levels, the ridge outlet water tongue is longitudinally pulled open along the downstream river channel to disperse into water. As shown in fig. 4, the range 6 of the water tongue water entry point is located at the right position of the midline of the downstream river channel and is in a long and narrow belt shape. The dispersed water tongues do not dry and smash the downstream bank sidelines 7, the water tongues submerge and dissipate energy after entering water, and the submerged water flow does not top and impact the downstream opposite bank sidelines 8. The flow velocity at the bank is 1.41 m/s-5.24 m/s, the maximum water surface fluctuation value at the bank is 6.5m, and the deepest point of a flushing pit is positioned in a river.

A second embodiment is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, 7, 8, 9. A protruding mountain body is arranged on the right side of the spillway tunnel outlet, and due to the existence of the special topographic condition, the following design parameters of the flip bucket are adjusted: the first edge guide wall length and the bottom plate angle, the second edge guide wall length and the bottom plate angle, the first fold line outlet length and the angle, the second fold line outlet length and the angle, the included angle between two fold line flip buckets and the like.

a river valley trajectory bucket comprises a first edge guide wall 1, a second edge guide wall 2, a downward concave reverse arc bottom plate 3, a first fold line outlet 4 and a second fold line outlet 5. The width of an entrance of the flip bucket is B =15 m; the first side guide wall 1 is straight and 24.98m long, and the angle beta 1=18.1935 degrees; the second side guide wall 2 is oblique and has the length of 44.43m, the tail part deviates 2.0m from the central axis (the deflection angle theta =2.5754 degrees), and the angle beta 2=33.7713 degrees is selected; the radius R1= R2=80m of the concave-down counter arc floor 3; the angle of the first folding line outlet 4 is increased from 18.1935 degrees to 22.3303 degrees, and the height of the flip bucket is increased from 2588.0m to 2590.0 m; the angle of the second fold line outlet 5 is increased from 22.3303 degrees to 33.7713 degrees, the flip bucket height is increased from 2590.0m to 2597.5m, and the width b =0 of the tail end of the second fold line outlet; the included angle between the two folding flip buckets is alpha =126.5392 degrees.

spilled flood tunnel spills and checks flood flow 4400 m³And/s, the average flow velocity at the inlet of the flip bucket is 38.5 m/s. The model test results show that: when the flood is discharged at all levels, the ridge outlet water tongues are longitudinally pulled along the downstream river channel to enter water, and the right edge water tongues are extruded towards the middle under the guiding action of the second side guide wall. The range 6 of the water entry point of the nappe is positioned near the center line of the downstream river channel, and the plane position of the water entry point is in a strip shape. The water tongue does not dry and smash the downstream local bank sideline 7, the water tongue submerges and dissipates energy after entering water, and the submerged water flow does not push against the downstream opposite bank sideline 8. The flow velocity at the bank is 2.08-6.56 m/s, the maximum water surface fluctuation value at the bank is 7.2m, and the deepest point of a pit is positioned in a river.

The river valley trajectory flip bucket is simple in body type and convenient to construct. Water flows through the flip bucket and then can be longitudinally pulled open to be dispersed and discharged, and energy is dissipated by collision in the air, a water inlet point is elongated and strip-shaped and is dispersed into water, the water inlet point is positioned near the central line of a downstream river channel, a water tongue submerges after being submerged and dissipates energy by using a water cushion formed by a downstream deep covering layer, and submerged water flow does not push against a bank and does not smash the bank. The flow velocity and the scouring depth of the two sides of the downstream river channel are smaller, the protection depth and the protection engineering amount are greatly reduced, and the engineering operation safety is ensured.

the foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.