阅读说明：本技术 一种天线增益判定方法和判定装置 (antenna gain judging method and judging device ) 是由 陈利欢 寿晓栋 蔡全 于 2018-06-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种本发明所述的天线增益判定装置,包括待调试天线和全向天线,它们均通过射频线连接至矢量网络信号分析仪,射频线的长度可调,但是在每次调试工作开始后射频线/同轴线的长度不能随意增加或者减小。搭建这种拓扑结构就是为了测试从天线A1到A2经过开放空间的传输系数S21,以此确定天线A1的辐射性能；交换A1、A2的位置可以测试天线A1的接收性能；通过对比接收和发送情形下的S21参数可以比较天线A1在进行收、发时的性能差异。本方法的优点就是仅仅需要矢量网络分析仪设备就可以完成待测天线的增益指标测试。实际操作时流程简洁、方便,固定设备的投入少,测试环境可以自由选取,校准时已经自动考虑了一定的误差即同轴线的线损变量。(the invention discloses an antenna gain judgment device, which comprises an antenna to be debugged and an omnidirectional antenna, wherein the antenna to be debugged and the omnidirectional antenna are both connected to a vector network signal analyzer through a radio frequency line, the length of the radio frequency line is adjustable, but the length of the radio frequency line/coaxial line cannot be increased or reduced at will after the start of each debugging operation. The topological structure is constructed to test the transmission coefficient S21 from the antenna A1 to the antenna A2 through an open space, so as to determine the radiation performance of the antenna A1; exchanging the positions of A1 and A2 can test the receiving performance of the antenna A1; the performance difference of the antenna A1 in receiving and transmitting can be compared by comparing the S21 parameters in the receiving and transmitting situations. The method has the advantage that the gain index test of the antenna to be tested can be completed only by the vector network analyzer equipment. The process is simple and convenient in actual operation, the investment of the fixed equipment is less, the test environment can be freely selected, and certain errors, namely the line loss variable of the coaxial line, are automatically considered in the calibration process.)

1. The antenna gain judging device is characterized by comprising an antenna to be detected, a standard omnidirectional antenna and a vector network analyzer, wherein the antenna to be detected and the standard omnidirectional antenna are connected with the vector network analyzer through radio frequency lines.

2. The antenna gain determination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the length of the rf line is adjustable, and the length of the rf line is not adjustable in the middle of each determination process.

3. the antenna gain determination device according to claim 1, wherein the relative positions of the antenna to be tested and the standard omnidirectional antenna are movable.

4. An antenna gain determination method, comprising the steps of:

Step 1, determining a place for antenna gain determination, and providing an antenna gain determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 3;

Step 2, carrying out transmission calibration on the vector network analyzer;

Step 3, the straight-line distance between the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) is at least 1 meter;

Step 4, testing the transmission coefficient (S21) passing through the open space from the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2); setting a first frequency point (f1), a second frequency point (f2) and a third frequency point (f3) in an antenna test frequency band for observation; slightly moving the standard omnidirectional antenna (a2) in three directions along the X, Y, Z axis, respectively; determining that the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) does not fall in a reception blind area, and recording the position of the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) as P2;

step 5, interchanging the connection relation between the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) and the vector network analyzer; determining a position at which the transmission coefficient (S21) value displayed by the three frequency points is maximum; fixing the antenna to be tested (A1) and moving away the hand of a tester to check whether the transmission coefficient (S21) value can reappear or not, if the transmission coefficient can not reappear, continuing to move until the direction is determined; recording the azimuth as P1, and recording the transmission coefficient (S21) values of the three frequency points at the moment;

step 6, interchanging the connection relation between the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) and the vector network analyzer again, and checking the value of the transmission coefficient (S21) at the moment; while slightly adjusting the direction of the antenna under test (A1), and then whether the transmission coefficient (S21) is improved; recording the value of the maximum slightly adjusted transmission coefficient (S21);

step 7, interchanging the positions of the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) to P2 and P1 respectively, and verifying the condition of the transmission coefficient (S21) for determining the difference of the transmission performance of the antenna to be tested (A1) when the antenna to be tested is used for receiving and sending;

And 8, determining the gain of the antenna to be tested (A1).

5. the antenna gain determination method according to claim 4, wherein the slight movement is a movement within a linear distance of 10 cm.

6. The antenna gain determination method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2, the line loss during the transmission calibration comprises two radio frequency lines respectively connected to the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2).

7. the method for determining antenna gain according to claim 4, wherein in step 1, the field is a radio frequency darkroom or an open environment with negligible interference.

8. The antenna gain determination method of claim 4, wherein the length of the radio frequency line is adjustable, and the length of the radio frequency line is not adjustable in the middle of each determination process.

9. The antenna gain determination method according to claim 4, wherein the relative positions of the antenna under test (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) are movable.

10. The antenna gain determination method according to claim 4, wherein the radio frequency line is a coaxial cable.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna gain determination method and an antenna gain determination device.

background

The antenna is widely applied to systems such as wireless communication, broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, remote sensing, radio astronomy, electronic countermeasure and the like as a converter of space radiation electromagnetic wave energy and transmission line guided waves. The electrical parameter performance of the antenna, such as standing wave ratio, gain pattern, phase pattern, etc., is directly related to the overall performance of the system. The antenna gain is an important index and is an important parameter for measuring the radiation directivity and the radiation performance of the antenna. The gain pattern of the antenna can be accurately and rapidly measured, and great reference and help are provided for research, development, debugging and production of the antenna.

The gain quantitatively represents the capability of the antenna for intensively radiating input power, shows the quality of electromagnetic information received and generated by the antenna in a specific direction, is one of the most important telecommunication indexes of the antenna, and is an indispensable tool for analyzing other electromagnetic performance parameters such as the isolation degree, the cross polarization ratio and the like between the antenna and an antenna array. The antenna gain is improved, so that the radio wave coverage range can be enlarged in a certain direction, the acting distance is increased, and the power is strengthened. Therefore, the design, test and calibration of antenna gain, especially the standard gain antenna, have strong practical requirements and high engineering significance in military and civil practice.

Various methods for measuring antenna gain can be broadly classified into an absolute method and a relative method. The measurement of the antenna gain by the absolute method needs to consider the insertion loss of a test feeder, the test distance between an antenna to be tested and a test antenna and a plurality of error sources influencing the test precision.

The traditional method for measuring the antenna gain directional diagram is to place the antenna to be measured on a turntable which can adjust the pitch angle and can horizontally rotate, and adopt a reference antenna, so that the central normal lines of the reference antenna and the antenna to be measured are gradually changed from a coincident state to form different angles through the rotation of the turntable, and the gain of the antenna to be measured under different angle conditions is respectively measured, and finally the gain directional diagram of the antenna to be measured in a certain angle range is obtained. The traditional antenna gain judging method is characterized in that a special receiving antenna is used for space measurement by exciting an antenna feed-in end in the radio frequency darkroom, drawing a radiation directional diagram and judging the antenna gain.

disclosure of Invention

the invention aims to solve the problem of how to judge the gain of an antenna to be tested only by using a vector network analyzer.

the antenna gain judging device comprises an antenna to be tested, a standard omnidirectional antenna and a vector network analyzer, wherein the antenna to be tested and the standard omnidirectional antenna are connected with the vector network analyzer through radio frequency lines.

Preferably, the length of the radio frequency line is adjustable, and the length of the radio frequency line is not adjustable in the middle of each judgment process.

Preferably, the relative positions of the antenna to be tested and the standard omnidirectional antenna are movable.

The invention also provides an antenna gain judgment method, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1, determining a place for antenna gain determination, and providing an antenna gain determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 3;

step 2, carrying out transmission calibration on the vector network analyzer;

Step 3, the straight-line distance between the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) is at least 1 meter;

Step 4, testing the transmission coefficient (S21) passing through the open space from the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2); setting a first frequency point (f1), a second frequency point (f2) and a third frequency point (f3) in an antenna test frequency band for observation; slightly moving the standard omnidirectional antenna (a2) in three directions along the X, Y, Z axis, respectively; determining that the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) does not fall in a reception blind area, and recording the position of the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) as P2;

Step 5, interchanging the connection relation between the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) and the vector network analyzer; determining a position at which the transmission coefficient (S21) value displayed by the three frequency points is maximum; fixing the antenna to be tested (A1) and moving away the hand of a tester to check whether the transmission coefficient (S21) value can reappear or not, if the transmission coefficient can not reappear, continuing to move until the direction is determined; recording the azimuth as P1, and recording the transmission coefficients of the three frequency points at the moment (S21);

step 6, interchanging the connection relation between the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) and the vector network analyzer again, and checking the value of the transmission coefficient (S21) at the moment; while slightly adjusting the direction of the antenna under test (A1), and then whether the transmission coefficient (S21) is improved; recording the value of the maximum slightly adjusted transmission coefficient (S21);

Step 7, interchanging the positions of the antenna to be tested (A1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (A2) to P2 and P1 respectively, and verifying the condition of the transmission coefficient (S21) for determining the difference of the transmission performance of the antenna to be tested (A1) when the antenna to be tested is used for receiving and sending;

And 8, determining the gain of the antenna to be tested (A1).

Preferably, the slight movement means a linear distance of movement within 10 cm.

Preferably, in step 2, the line loss during the transmission calibration includes two sections of radio frequency lines respectively connected to the antenna to be tested (a1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (a 2).

Preferably, in the step 1, the field is a radio frequency darkroom or an open environment with negligible interference.

Preferably, the length of the radio frequency line is adjustable, and the length of the radio frequency line is not adjustable in the middle of each judgment process.

Preferably, the relative positions of the antenna to be tested (a1) and the standard omnidirectional antenna (a2) are movable.

Preferably, the radio frequency line is a coaxial cable.

The antenna gain judging method is simple and easy to implement, has certain operation precision, and is convenient for observing the gain of the antenna to be debugged and the transmission performance difference of the antenna when the antenna is used for receiving and transmitting different roles. The antenna gain judgment method can effectively ensure the reliability and the accuracy of antenna design, and can complete the design work of the antenna by combining the wireless transmission performance test of the antenna applied in the actual product.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a circuit topology structure diagram for antenna gain determination according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1, the antenna gain determination device of the present invention is an antenna to be debugged, a1 is an omnidirectional antenna with guaranteed performance, a2 is an omnidirectional antenna which is commercially available and has been verified by the full application of practical products to meet the use requirements, and both of them are connected to a vector network signal analyzer through a radio frequency line, the length of which is adjustable, but the length of the radio frequency line/coaxial line cannot be increased or decreased at will after each debugging operation. The topological structure is constructed to test the transmission coefficient S21 from the antenna A1 to the antenna A2 through an open space, so as to determine the radiation performance of the antenna A1; exchanging the positions of A1 and A2 can test the receiving performance of the antenna A1; the performance difference of the antenna A1 in receiving and transmitting can be compared by comparing the S21 parameters in the receiving and transmitting situations.

The antenna gain judging method comprises the following steps:

1. The debugging field is selected to be a radio frequency darkroom or an actual open environment with negligible interference, peripheral wireless electronic equipment is turned off, and objects on the metal surface are not placed in the test antenna area as much as possible.

2. The vector network analyzer is calibrated by Transmission, and during calibration, the line loss needs to comprise two sections of radio frequency lines which are respectively connected with the antennas.

3. Connecting the antennas a1, a2 according to the topology of fig. 1 ensures that the linear distance of a1 and a2 should be at least 1 m.

4. And selecting a display frequency range, switching a function menu of the vector network analyzer to switch the screen to a mode capable of observing the S21 transmission parameter curve, setting three points for observation in an antenna test frequency band, and recording the three points as f1, f2 and f 3. Simultaneously, the antenna A2 is slightly moved along three directions of an axis X, Y, Z, the moving distance is within 10cm, the A2 is prevented from falling into a receiving blind area, the value of S21 is always at a minimum value, and the antenna is prevented from falling into the receiving blind area without obvious change of the moving antenna, and the antenna is required to be moved to a larger position until the antenna leaves the receiving blind area. The final antenna a2 position was determined and this point was fixed as P2.

5. And connecting a standard omnidirectional antenna to the position A1, determining the position which enables the S21 value displayed by the three test points to be the maximum, marking the position, simultaneously fixing the antenna and removing the hands of the test personnel to check whether the S21 value can be reproduced, if not, continuing to move until the position is determined. The azimuth is denoted as P1, and the magnitudes of the three frequency points S21 at this time are denoted.

6. And (3) changing the omnidirectional antenna at the A1 position into the antenna to be measured, fixing the antenna to be measured again at the determined position in the item '5', and checking the S21 parameter value at the moment. While slightly adjusting the direction of the antenna under test to see if S21 is improved. The maximum slightly adjusted S21 parameter value was recorded.

7. The positions of the antennas A1 and A2 are transformed to P2 and P1 respectively, and the S21 parameter condition is verified and used for determining the difference of the transmission performance of the antennas A1 when the antennas are used for receiving and transmitting. If the former and latter S21 parameters are not obviously changed, the performances of the antenna during receiving and transmitting are basically consistent; if the former and latter S21 parameters are obviously changed, the receiving and transmitting performances are greatly different, and the attention points of the antenna can be determined according to the actual use situation.

8. Step 7 above may substantially determine the gain of the antenna under test.

The antenna gain judgment method provided by the invention simulates transmission between the antenna to be tested and the standard antenna through the vector network analyzer, and can basically determine the gain index of the antenna.

the foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.