阅读说明：本技术 一种多载波系统导频信号的传输方法 (method for transmitting pilot signal of multi-carrier system ) 是由 江涛 刘文丰 陈达 于 2019-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种多载波系统导频信号的传输方法,属于多载波通信领域,所述方法包括：采用基于偏移正交幅度调制的滤波器组多载波OQAM/FBMC传输帧头的导频序列和帧中的数据符号；根据导频序列中不同子载波上的噪声相关性,计算初始的信道频率响应估计值；对初始的信道频率响应估计值进行正交变换,并将信道非抽头位置的噪声信号置零；根据变换域中噪声的相关性和非抽头位置的噪声信号,得到抽头位置噪声分量；对抽头位置的噪声信号进行滤除,并将经过噪声消除的初始信道频率响应估计值转换回频域,得到最终的信道估计值。本发明利用变换域内的噪声相关性,有效估计并消除了信道抽头位置的噪声信号,解决了OQAM/FBMC系统信道估计性能较差的问题。(the invention discloses a method for transmitting pilot signals of a multi-carrier system, which belongs to the field of multi-carrier communication and comprises the following steps: adopting a filter bank multicarrier OQAM/FBMC based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation to transmit a pilot frequency sequence of a frame header and a data symbol in the frame; calculating an initial channel frequency response estimation value according to the noise correlation on different subcarriers in a pilot frequency sequence; carrying out orthogonal transformation on the initial channel frequency response estimation value, and setting a noise signal at a non-tap position of a channel to zero; obtaining a tap position noise component according to the correlation of noise in a transform domain and a noise signal at a non-tap position; and filtering the noise signals at the tap positions, and converting the initial channel frequency response estimation value subjected to noise elimination back to a frequency domain to obtain a final channel estimation value. The invention effectively estimates and eliminates the noise signal of the channel tap position by utilizing the noise correlation in the transform domain, and solves the problem of poor channel estimation performance of the OQAM/FBMC system.)

1. A method for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system, comprising:

(1) Adopting a filter bank multicarrier OQAM/FBMC based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation to transmit a pilot frequency sequence of a frame header and a data symbol in the frame;

(2) Calculating an initial channel frequency response estimation value according to the noise correlation on different subcarriers in the pilot frequency sequence;

(3) Carrying out orthogonal transformation on the initial channel frequency response estimation value, and setting a noise signal at a non-tap position of a channel to zero;

(4) Obtaining a tap position noise component according to the correlation of noise in a transform domain and a noise signal at a non-tap position;

(5) And filtering the noise signals at the tap positions, and converting the initial channel frequency response estimation value subjected to noise elimination back to a frequency domain to obtain a final channel estimation value.

2. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pilot sequence in step (1) is an imaginary-based interference-approximation full pilot sequence; the second column of the full pilot sequence is an original pilot symbol used for obtaining an initial channel frequency response estimation value; and the first column and the third column of the full pilot sequence are both zero guard intervals and are respectively used for isolating inherent non-orthogonal interference generated by a data symbol of a previous frame and the data symbol in the frame on the original pilot symbol.

3. the method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transmission signal s [ k ] at the kth time after being modulated by OQAM/FBMC in step (1) is:

Wherein M is the number of system subcarriers, a_m,nIs the real data sent at the nth time on the mth subcarrier, g k]as a function of the prototype filter, g_m,n[k]processing an analysis filter bank at a transmitting end of the OQAM/FBMC system, wherein j is an imaginary unit, and Z represents an integer set;

the demodulation data at the time frequency point of the receiving end (m, n) is as follows:

Wherein, r [ k ] is the received signal of the signal s [ k ] after channel transmission.

4. a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step (2) is specifically to obtain initial channel frequency response estimation values on all subcarriers in the pilot sequence by using weighted least squares estimation

Wherein y ═ y_0,1,y_1,1,…,y_M-1,1]^Trepresenting the demodulation symbol vectors at the 1 st time on all the subcarriers; c ═ diag { C ═ C_0,1,C_1,1,...,C_M-1,1Represents the diagonal matrix of the original pilot symbols and their sum of the inherent ISI/ICI interference; and V is a frequency domain noise covariance matrix.

5. The method as claimed in any of claims 1-4, wherein step (3) specifically comprises:

(3.1) performing inverse fast Fourier transform on the initial channel frequency response estimation value to obtain channel impulse response on a time domain:

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,i, l belongs to {0,1, 2.,. M-1} and represents an M multiplied by M point inverse Fourier transform matrix, and IFFT is fast Fourier transform;

(3.2) preserving initial channel impulse response estimateThe column vector composed of the first L terms

(3.2) taking out initial channel impulse response estimated valueColumn vector of the last M-L termand set to zero.

6. the method for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the step (4) is specifically: noise signal based on non-tap positionchannel tap position noise component obtained by using weighted least square method

Wherein Γ ═ WC^HV^-1CW^H，Γ_(1:L)×(1:L)l x L dot-sub-matrices consisting of the first L rows and the first L columns of a matrix Γ_{(1:L)×(L+1:M)}An L (M-L) dot-sub-matrix consisting of the first L rows and the last (M-L) columns of the matrix Γ.

7. The method for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the step (5) is specifically: using tap position signalsSubtracting the tap position noise componentand converting the noise reduction signal back to the frequency domain through fast Fourier transform to obtain a final channel estimation value as follows:

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the field of multi-carrier communication, and particularly relates to a method for transmitting pilot signals of a multi-carrier system.

background

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has dominated the past as the most commonly used multi-carrier transmission in broadband wired and wireless channels. OFDM has been widely used in DSL and in most wireless standards, such as variations of IEEE802.11 and IEEE 802.16, 3GPP-LTE and LTE-Advanced. OFDM is considered a perfect choice for point-to-point communication. However, when considering the adoption of OFDM in more complex networks, it must face a number of challenges. On one hand, the OFDM technology needs to use a cyclic prefix to counter multipath fading, which causes a waste of spectrum resources; on the other hand, the OFDM technology has high requirements for synchronization, and parameters cannot be flexibly configured, which makes it difficult to support a future application scenario of communication diversity.

against this background, a series of exploratory studies on a novel multi-carrier Modulation technique have been conducted at home and abroad, wherein the Filter Bank multi-carrier with offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM/FBMC) technique has received more and more extensive attention from the academic and industrial fields and has been listed as one of candidate Modulation techniques for 5G cellular networks, professional mobile radio PMR evolution and satellite communication. The core idea of the method is that the modulation signal on each subcarrier is shaped by a well-designed prototype filter to provide a new degree of freedom for optimizing the waveform to adapt to various transmission characteristics, and the OQAM/FBMC transmission does not need a cyclic prefix, so that more efficient spectrum utilization can be realized. Furthermore, as an outcome of the filter bank theory, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and polyphase filtering can effectively implement the overall framework of OQAM/FBMC modulation/demodulation. Thus, OQAM/FBMC is considered a good alternative to OFDM, providing additional flexibility, robustness and efficiency.

as with many other coherent digital wireless receivers, channel estimation is also an important component of coherent OQAM/FBMC system receiver design. In wireless systems, transmitted information travels through a highly dynamic radio channel and arrives at a receiver as a superposition of multiple attenuated, delayed, phase and/or frequency shifted copies of the original signal. For a conventional coherent receiver, the effect of the channel on the transmitted signal must be estimated in order to recover the transmitted information. However, due to the non-orthogonal Interference effect caused by the non-orthogonal prototype filter of the OQAM/FBMC system, the pilot symbols used for channel estimation may suffer from inherent Inter-Symbol/Inter-Carrier Interference (ISI/ICI) from the time domain and the frequency domain, so the difficulty of acquiring the channel state information in the OQAM/FBMC system is significantly greater than that of OFDM.

disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for transmitting a pilot signal of a multi-carrier system, which aims to solve the problem that the channel estimation performance is low because the noise in a channel tap is not eliminated when an OQAM/FBMC system carries out transform domain processing.

in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for transmitting a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system, including:

(1) adopting a filter bank multicarrier OQAM/FBMC based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation to transmit a pilot frequency sequence of a frame header and a data symbol in the frame;

(2) Calculating an initial channel frequency response estimation value according to the noise correlation on different subcarriers in the pilot frequency sequence;

(3) Carrying out orthogonal transformation on the initial channel frequency response estimation value, and setting a noise signal at a non-tap position of a channel to zero;

(4) obtaining a tap position noise component according to the correlation of noise in a transform domain and a noise signal at a non-tap position;

(5) and filtering the noise signals at the tap positions, and converting the initial channel frequency response estimation value subjected to noise elimination back to a frequency domain to obtain a final channel estimation value.

further, the pilot sequence in step (1) is an imaginary-number-based interference approximation full pilot sequence; the second column of the full pilot sequence is an original pilot symbol used for obtaining an initial channel frequency response estimation value; and the first column and the third column of the full pilot sequence are both zero guard intervals and are respectively used for isolating inherent non-orthogonal interference generated by a data symbol of a previous frame and the data symbol in the frame on the original pilot symbol.

further, the transmission signal s [ k ] at the kth time after being modulated by OQAM/FBMC in step (1) is:

Wherein M is the number of system subcarriers, a_m,nIs the real data sent at the nth time on the mth subcarrier, g k]As a function of the prototype filter, g_m,n[k]Processing by an analysis filter bank (SFB) at a transmitting end of the OQAM/FBMC system, wherein j is an imaginary unit, and Z represents an integer set;

The demodulation data at the time frequency point of the receiving end (m, n) is as follows:

Wherein, r [ k ] is the received signal of the signal s [ k ] after channel transmission.

Further, the step (2) is specifically to obtain initial channel frequency response estimation values on all subcarriers in the pilot sequence by using a weighted least squares estimation method

Wherein y ═ y_0,1,y_1,1,…,y_M-1,1]^TRepresenting the demodulation symbol vectors at the 1 st time on all the subcarriers; c ═ diag { C ═ C_0,1,C_1,1,...,C_M-1,1Represents the diagonal matrix of the original pilot symbols and their sum of the inherent ISI/ICI interference; and V is a frequency domain noise covariance matrix.

Further, the step (3) specifically comprises:

(3.1) performing inverse fast Fourier transform on the initial channel frequency response estimation value to obtain channel impulse response on a time domain:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,expressing an M multiplied by M point inverse Fourier transform matrix, wherein IFFT is fast Fourier transform;

(3.2) preserving initial channel impulse response estimateThe column vector composed of the first L terms

(3.2) taking out initial channel impulse response estimated valueColumn vector of the last M-L termAnd set to zero.

further, the step (4) is specifically as follows: noise signal based on non-tap positionChannel tap position noise component obtained by using weighted least square method

Wherein Γ ═ WC^HV^-1CW^H，Γ_(1:L)×(1:L)L x L dot-sub-matrices consisting of the first L rows and the first L columns of a matrix Γ_{(1:L)×(L+1:M)}An L (M-L) dot-sub-matrix consisting of the first L rows and the last (M-L) columns of the matrix Γ.

Further, the step (5) is specifically as follows: using tap position signalsSubtracting the tap position noise componentAnd converting the noise reduction signal back to the frequency domain through fast Fourier transform to obtain a final channel estimation value as follows:

Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention filters the noise at the non-tap position of the channel by setting the noise signal at the non-tap position of the channel to zero, and effectively estimates and eliminates the noise signal at the tap position of the channel by utilizing the noise correlation in the transform domain.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a frame structure of an OQAM/FBMC system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 shows an exemplary channel impulse response CIR sampled signal under additive noise according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for transmitting a pilot signal of a multi-carrier system, including:

(1) Adopting a filter bank multicarrier OQAM/FBMC based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation to transmit a pilot frequency sequence of a frame header and a data symbol in the frame;

Specifically, the frame structure is as shown in fig. 2, the transmitted pilot sequence is an Imaginary-based Interference-Approximation Method (IAM-I) full pilot sequence, and the pilot has a low peak-to-average ratio characteristic due to random generation; the second column of the IAM-I pilot frequency is an original pilot frequency symbol which is used for obtaining an initial channel frequency response estimation value; the first column and the third column are both zero guard intervals, and are used for isolating the inherent non-orthogonal interference generated by the data symbols in the previous frame data symbols and the data symbols in the frame on the original pilot symbols respectively.

The transmitting signal s [ k ] at the kth moment modulated by OQAM/FBMC is:

Wherein M is the number of system subcarriers, a_m,nIs the real data sent at the nth time on the mth subcarrier, g k]As a function of the prototype filter, g_m，n[k]Processing by an analysis filter bank (SFB) at a transmitting end of an OQAM/FBMC system, wherein j is an imaginary number unit, and Z represents an integer set;

The demodulation data at the time frequency point of the receiving end (m, n) is as follows:

Wherein, r [ k ] is the received signal of the signal s [ k ] after channel transmission.

(2) Calculating an initial channel frequency response estimation value according to the noise correlation on different subcarriers in the pilot frequency sequence;

Specifically, a Weighted Least square estimator (WLS) is adopted to obtain initial channel frequency response estimated values on all subcarriers in a pilot sequence

Wherein y ═ y_0,1,y_1,1,…,y_M-1,1]^TRepresenting the demodulation symbol vectors at the 1 st time on all the subcarriers; c ═ diag { C ═ C_0,1,C_1,1,...,C_M-1,1represents the diagonal matrix of the original pilot symbols and their sum of the inherent ISI/ICI interference; v is the frequency domain noise covariance matrix, which can be expressed as:

Wherein σ²is the power of the additive noise of the channel,Representing the inherent non-orthogonal interference coefficient.

when a prototype filter with better frequency-domain focusing (such as a PHYDYAS filter) is adopted, the pilot symbols are only subjected to non-orthogonal interference of adjacent subcarrier symbols, and correspondingly, only the noise on the adjacent subcarriers is correlated, so that the noise covariance matrix can be simplified.

(3) Carrying out orthogonal transformation on the initial channel frequency response estimation value, and setting a noise signal at a non-tap position of a channel to zero;

specifically, the step (3) specifically includes:

(3.1) performing inverse fast Fourier transform on the initial channel frequency response estimation value to obtain channel impulse response on a time domain:

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,expressing an M multiplied by M point inverse Fourier transform matrix, wherein IFFT is fast Fourier transform;

(3.2) preserving initial channel impulse response estimateThe column vector composed of the first L terms

as shown in FIG. 3, IFFT is applied to the channel frequency response at the pilot subcarriersThe position of the channel taps in the transform domain will then contain L significant values, i.e. have a greater energy or amplitude with respect to the noise. By preserving significance of transform domain signalsthe insignificant value is processed to zero, the noise term will be significantly eliminated.

(3.2) taking out initial channel impulse response estimated valueColumn vector of the last M-L termAnd set to zero.

(4) Obtaining a tap position noise component according to the correlation of noise in a transform domain and a noise signal at a non-tap position;

In particular, noise signals according to non-tap positionUsing weighted least squaresMethod for obtaining channel tap position noise component

Wherein Γ ═ WC^HV^-1CW^H，Γ_(1:L)×(1:L)L x L dot-sub-matrices consisting of the first L rows and the first L columns of a matrix Γ_{(1:L)×(L+1:M)}an L (M-L) dot-sub-matrix consisting of the first L rows and the last (M-L) columns of the matrix Γ. Note that the frequency domain noise covariance matrix V is a circulant matrix, and thus it can be diagonalized first to reduce its inversion complexity. Similarly, the linear minimum mean square error LMMSE algorithm is used to obtain the noise estimate in the channel taps as:

Wherein [ gamma ], [ gamma ]^-1]_(1:L)×(1:L)Inverse matrix Γ representing Γ^-1The first L rows and the first L columns of the matrix.

(5) And filtering the noise signals at the tap positions, and converting the initial channel frequency response estimation value subjected to noise elimination back to a frequency domain to obtain a final channel estimation value.

in particular, using tap position signalsSubtracting the tap position noise componentAnd converting the noise reduction signal back to the frequency domain through fast Fourier transform to obtain a final channel estimation value as follows:

it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.