阅读说明：本技术 一种油莎豆油的制备方法 (Preparation method of cyperus esculentus oil ) 是由 宋玉来 于 2019-09-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种油莎豆油的制备方法,包括预处理、破碎、压榨、过滤和精炼等步骤,本发明的制备方法有效提高了油莎豆油的提取效率,且所制备的油莎豆油中含有丰富的油酸、亚油酸和亚麻油酸,同时含有丰富的钙镁硒等微量元素,具有很好的保健功效。(The invention discloses a preparation method of cyperus esculentus oil, which comprises the steps of pretreatment, crushing, squeezing, filtering, refining and the like.)

1. The preparation method of the cyperus esculentus oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: selecting cyperus esculentus with uniform and full particles, removing impurities such as weeds, silt and the like in the cyperus esculentus to obtain high-quality cyperus esculentus, and then spraying, cleaning and drying the cyperus esculentus;

(2) crushing: putting the cyperus esculentus dried in the step (1) into a stirrer to be crushed and sieved;

(3) squeezing: adding the cyperus esculentus sieved in the step (2) into a squeezer for low-temperature squeezing;

(4) and (3) filtering: filtering the squeezed cyperus bean oil in the step (3) by using a filter press, and performing oil stain separation to obtain crude oil;

(5) refining: and (4) sequentially carrying out degumming treatment, deacidification treatment and decoloration treatment on the crude oil obtained in the step (4) to obtain the cyperus esculentus finished oil, and packaging.

2. A process for the preparation of a cyperus esculentus oil according to claim 1,

in the step (1), drying until the water content is 12-18%;

in the step (2), the mesh number of the screen is 80-120 meshes.

3. The method for preparing cyperus esculentus oil according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the squeezing machine is 300-500 tons, the squeezing pressure is 26-40MPa, and the squeezing temperature is 10-50 ℃.

4. The method for preparing cyperus esculentus oil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the degumming treatment comprises the following steps: respectively preheating the crude oil and water obtained in the step (4) at the same time, then adding water into the crude oil, preserving heat and standing after the colloidal particles begin to agglomerate, and centrifuging;

the preheating temperature is 80-90 ℃, the adding amount of the water is 4-6% of the mass of the crude oil, the temperature for heat preservation and standing is 60-70 ℃, the time for heat preservation and standing is 8-10h, and the centrifugal rotating speed is 3000-.

5. The method for preparing cyperus esculentus oil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the deacidification treatment comprises the following steps: preheating NaOH alkali liquor and crude oil after degumming treatment respectively, spraying the NaOH alkali liquor to the cyperus esculentus oil surface at a constant speed while stirring, continuously stirring and heating to a constant temperature, observing the separation condition of oil and soap, standing and centrifuging;

the concentration of the NaOH alkali liquor is 20-30%, the preheating temperature is 50-60 ℃, the stirring speed is 80-100r/min, the addition amount of the NaOH alkali liquor is 0.5-1% of the oil quality of the cyperus esculentus, the constant temperature is 75-85 ℃, the standing time is 3-5 hours, and the centrifugal speed is 2500-3500 r/min.

6. The method for preparing cyperus esculentus oil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the decolorization treatment step is as follows: heating the deacidified crude oil, adding a decolorizing agent, stirring, decolorizing and stripping;

the heating temperature is 100-120 ℃, the decolorizing agent is activated clay, the addition amount of the decolorizing agent is 4-6% of the oil quality of the cyperus esculentus, the stirring speed is 300-500r/min, and the decolorizing time is 50-70 min.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of adding a plant extract in an amount of 0.01-99.99% by weight of the total weight of the cyperus esculentus oil and the plant extract.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plant extract comprises peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, clove oil, eugenol, cinnamon oil, vitex oil, zedoary turmeric oil, catnip oil, weeping forsythia oil, argyi oil, angelica oil, D limonene, anise oil, patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, perilla seed oil, garlic oil, ginger oil, clove basil oil, litsea cubeba oil, tangerine peel oil, sweet wormwood oil, spearmint oil, citronella oil, geranium oil, rose essential oil, chamomile essential oil, lemon oil, chili oil, tea tree oil, wintergreen oil, turpentine oil, camphor oil, lavender oil, thyme oil, sandalwood oil, castor oil, sweet orange oil, rosewood oil, camphor oil, roughy oil, camphor oil, sage essential oil, walnut oil, paeonol, ursolic acid, borneol, menthol, camphor, thymol, sage oil, and the like, One or more of Glycyrrhrizae radix fluid extract, grape seed oil, sweet almond oil, oleum Lini, oleum Oenotherae Erythrosepalae, oleum Hippophae, oleum Rosae Rugosae, oleum Simmondsia chinensis, tea seed oil, and wheat germ oil.

9. Use of a cyperus esculentus oil obtained by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in cosmetics.

10. Use of a cyperus esculentus oil obtained by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in an edible oil.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant extract extraction, and particularly relates to a preparation method of cyperus esculentus oil.

Background

The oil is a basic nutrient element for maintaining human life, and has the functions of supplying energy to human body, combining protein to form cell membrane to form cranial nerve, supplying fatty acid to synthesize prostaglandin, etc. The grease has irreplaceable effects on the aspect of maintaining the health of the human body, but if the grease is taken unscientific, the grease can cause the human body to be over-obese and simultaneously cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Through investigation and research, the world food and agriculture organization and the united states FOA jointly state that the optimal proportion of monounsaturated acid, saturated acid and polyunsaturated acid in the edible oil is 1: 1, which shows the necessity of taking unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid and linolenic acid) from plant extracts to maintain normal functions of various tissues of human bodies, particularly in the linoleic acid and the linolenic acid, the linolenic acid has irreplaceable effects on reducing the content of cholesterol in blood, degrading oil and improving memory capacity and developing optic nerves.

The cyperus esculentus (also called cyperus esculentus) is originally produced in Africa and China in Mediterranean coast, belongs to gramineae annual plants, has strong adaptability, is introduced in China and planted in Heilongjiang, Beijing, Hebei, Hunan, Shandong, Sichuan and other places, can be planted in sandy beach, hillside, hilly land and forest in the north and south of China, resists drought and waterlogging, saves labor and fertilizer. The novel oil and grain multi-purpose crop is high in quality, yield and comprehensive utilization value, the variety is strong in adaptability and high in yield, 1000Kg of fresh beans are produced per mu, 500Kg of dry beans are produced per mu, and 1 mu of cyperus esculentus is equivalent to 7-10 mu of rape. The cyperus esculentus oil content is as high as about 35%, the oil quality is excellent, and the cyperus esculentus oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acid (20% of saturated acid, 64% of oleic acid, 11% of linoleic acid and 2% of linoleic acid), so that the cyperus esculentus oil can be compared favorably with olive oil and almond oil with the best quality at present.

At present, the extraction process of the cyperus esculentus oil is divided into two types: one is a squeezing extraction method, and the other is a leaching extraction method, but the squeezing extraction method has long squeezing time, low oil yield, high impurity content, poor oil quality and darker color; the leaching extraction method has a series of disadvantages of long leaching time, low efficiency, large solvent consumption, easy solvent residue in products and the like.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a method for preparing cyperus esculentus oil with high oil yield and excellent oil yield quality.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of cyperus esculentus oil, which effectively improves the extraction efficiency of cyperus esculentus oil, and the prepared cyperus esculentus oil contains abundant oleic acid, linoleic acid and linoleic acid, and simultaneously contains abundant trace elements such as calcium, magnesium and selenium, and has good health care effect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the preparation method of the cyperus esculentus oil specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: selecting cyperus esculentus with uniform and full particles, removing impurities such as weeds, silt and the like in the cyperus esculentus to obtain high-quality cyperus esculentus, and then spraying, cleaning and drying the cyperus esculentus;

(2) crushing: putting the cyperus esculentus dried in the step (1) into a stirrer to be crushed and sieved;

(3) squeezing: adding the cyperus esculentus sieved in the step (2) into a squeezer for low-temperature squeezing;

(4) and (3) filtering: filtering the squeezed cyperus bean oil in the step (3) by using a filter press, and performing oil stain separation to obtain crude oil;

(5) refining: and (4) sequentially carrying out degumming treatment, deacidification treatment and decoloration treatment on the crude oil obtained in the step (4) to obtain the cyperus esculentus finished oil, and packaging.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention adopts low-temperature squeezing, can avoid impurities harmful to human bodies generated during high-temperature squeezing, keeps the natural flavor of the cyperus esculentus, and the prepared crude oil has lighter color, can better keep other active ingredients such as vitamin E, squalene, sterol and the like, and has higher nutritional value;

2. the invention refines the crude oil by degumming treatment, deacidification treatment and decoloration treatment in sequence, removes impurities which are harmful to human bodies and generated in squeezing, and simultaneously removes impurities which are not beneficial to oil storage and oil use, thereby becoming safe dietary oil.

3. The invention adopts cyperus esculentus with abundant resources in China as a raw material, thereby effectively reducing the production cost.

Further, in the step (1), drying until the water content is 12-18%; in the step (2), the mesh number of the screen is 80-120 meshes.

The method has the further beneficial effects that the cyperus esculentus is dried until the water content is 12-18%, most of water in the cyperus esculentus can be evaporated and taken away, and the subsequent crushing step is convenient to carry out; the nutagrass flatsedge is crushed to 80-120 meshes, so that the surface area of the nutagrass flatsedge is increased, and the subsequent squeezing is convenient.

Further, in the step (3), the squeezing machine is a 300-500 ton squeezing machine, the squeezing machine pressure is 26-40MPa, and the squeezing temperature is 10-50 ℃.

The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that the low-temperature squeezing at the temperature of 10-50 ℃ can avoid impurities harmful to human bodies generated in the high-temperature squeezing process, maintain the natural flavor of the cyperus esculentus, and ensure that nutrient substances in the cyperus esculentus are not damaged.

Further, in the step (4), the cyperus esculentus oil squeezed in the step (3) is filtered by a belt filter press.

The belt filter press has the further beneficial effects of high automation degree, energy conservation, high efficiency and convenience in use and maintenance.

Further, in the step (5), the degumming treatment step is as follows: respectively preheating the crude oil and the water obtained in the step (4) at the same time, then adding the water into the crude oil, preserving heat, standing and centrifuging after the colloidal particles begin to agglomerate.

Preferably, the preheating temperature is 80-90 ℃, the adding amount of the water is 4-6% of the mass of the crude oil, the temperature of the heat preservation and standing is 60-70 ℃, the time of the heat preservation and standing is 8-10h, and the centrifugal speed is 3000-5000 r/min.

The method has the further beneficial effects that the hydration degumming method is adopted for degumming, and the basic principle of the hydration degumming of the oil is to utilize the hydrophilicity of peptized impurities such as phospholipid and the like, add a certain amount of electrolyte solution into the oil, and separate the colloidally-dissolved impurities from the oil after water absorption and condensation. Wherein the colloid mainly contains phospholipid, and under the condition of little moisture, the phospholipid in the oil is dissolved and dispersed in the oil in the form of an inner salt structure, and when the moisture is increased, the phospholipid absorbs the moisture, the volume is increased, and the colloid particles attract each other to form larger micelles which can be separated from the oil due to the difference of specific gravity.

Further, in the step (5), the deacidification treatment step includes: respectively preheating NaOH alkaline solution and degummed crude oil, spraying the NaOH alkaline solution to the cyperus esculentus oil surface at a constant speed while stirring, continuously stirring and heating to a constant temperature, observing the separation condition of oil and soap, standing and centrifuging.

Preferably, the concentration of the NaOH alkali liquor is 20-30%, the preheating temperature is 50-60 ℃, the stirring speed is 80-100r/min, the adding amount of the NaOH alkali liquor is 0.5-1% of the oil quality of the cyperus esculentus, the constant temperature is 75-85 ℃, the standing time is 3-5 hours, and the centrifugal speed is 2500-.

The method has the further beneficial effects that the alkali refining deacidification method is adopted for deacidification, the caustic soda can neutralize most of free fatty acid in the crude oil, and the generated sodium salt is not easy to dissolve in the oil and is deposited as floccule; the generated sodium salt is a surfactant, and can bring a considerable amount of other impurities into sediments, such as protein, mucilage, pigment, phospholipid and substances with hydroxyl and phenolic groups, even suspended solid impurities can be carried by flocculent soap groups, so that the alkali refining deacidification method has the comprehensive effects of deacidification, degumming, solid impurity removal, depigmentation and the like.

Further, in the step (5), the decoloring step is as follows: heating the deacidified crude oil, adding a decolorizing agent, stirring, decolorizing and steam stripping.

Preferably, the heating temperature is 100-120 ℃, the decolorizing agent is activated clay, the addition amount of the decolorizing agent is 4-6% of the oil quality of the cyperus esculentus, the stirring speed is 300-500r/min, and the decolorizing time is 50-70 min.

The activated clay has the further beneficial effects of larger specific surface area and pore volume, special adsorption capacity and ion exchange performance, stronger decolorization capacity and activity, and good stability after decolorization.

And (3) carrying out steam stripping by using a vacuum steam stripping method after the decolorization, utilizing the different boiling points of the oil and the impurities, adopting measures of high vacuum and high temperature combined with direct steam stripping and the like to heat and evaporate the cyperus esculentus oil, and further removing trace aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, low-molecular fatty acids, oxides of glyceride, decolorizer, residual solvent and other impurities in the oil.

Further, the preparation method of the cyperus esculentus oil also comprises a step of adding plant extracts, wherein the dosage of the plant extracts is 0.01-99.99% of the total mass of the cyperus esculentus oil and the plant extracts. For example, the weight percentage of the cyperus esculentus oil is 99.99 percent, and the weight percentage of the plant extract is 0.01 percent; the weight percentage of the cyperus esculentus oil is 50 percent, and the weight percentage of the plant extract is 50 percent; the weight percentage of the cyperus esculentus oil is 0.01 percent, and the weight percentage of the plant extract is 99.99 percent.

Preferably, the plant extract includes peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, clove oil, eugenol, cinnamon oil, vitex oil, zedoary turmeric oil, catnip oil, forsythia oil, blumea oil, angelica oil, D limonene, anise oil, patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, perilla seed oil, garlic oil, ginger oil, clove basil oil, litsea cubeba oil, tangerine peel oil, sweet wormwood oil, spearmint oil, citronella oil, geranium oil, rose essential oil, chamomile essential oil, lemon oil, chili oil, tea tree oil, wintergreen oil, turpentine oil, camphor oil, lavender oil, thyme oil, sandalwood oil, castor oil, sweet orange oil, rosewood oil, camphor oil, roughy oil, linage oil, sage essential oil, walnut oil, paeonol, ursolic acid, borneol, menthol, camphor, thymol, licorice fluid extract, grape seed oil, sweet almond oil, linseed oil, evening primrose oil, and other plant extracts, Any one or more of sea buckthorn seed oil, rose hip oil, jojoba oil, tea seed oil and wheat germ oil can be used, and theoretically, plant extracts which are nontoxic and non-irritant to human bodies can be used.

The invention also provides application of the cyperus esculentus oil prepared by the preparation method in cosmetics.

The cyperus esculentus oil can be added with common auxiliary materials in cosmetics to prepare external cosmetics, and the prepared external cosmetics are safe and non-toxic and have obvious beautifying effect through animal experiments and clinical experiments.

The invention also provides application of the cyperus esculentus oil prepared by the preparation method in edible oil.

The cyperus esculentus oil can be mixed with one or more of vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, peanut oil, hemp seed oil, corn oil, olive oil, camellia oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, linseed oil (linseed oil), grape seed oil, walnut oil, peony seed oil and the like to prepare edible oil, and has the advantages of rich nutrition, easy digestion, economy, practicability and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.