阅读说明：本技术 一种塔类设备的垂直度调整方法 (Verticality adjusting method for tower equipment ) 是由 宋东强 廖红盈 刘杰亮 张芳顺 李振华 赵朝东 范天岚 于 2019-09-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种涉及塔类设备安装领域的塔类设备的垂直度调整方法,包含设置塔体测量标记点、塔体就位、X-X和Y-Y方向垂直度偏差测量、确定塔体实际偏差、架设最终测量仪器、调整主副垫铁组和检验定位七个步骤；是利用矢量运算三角形法则,将塔体互为90度的两个方向的垂直度偏差进行合成,确定出塔体垂直度的实际偏差方向和实际偏差值,根据塔体垂直度的实际偏差方向,确定首先需要调整的塔体底部的主垫铁组,根据实际偏差值,确定主垫铁组的调整高度,周围副垫铁组随之调整,将塔体垂直度的实际偏差调整到符合规范要求；该垂直度调整方法能够更加高效和精确的对塔类设备进行垂直度调整。(A verticality adjusting method of tower equipment relates to the field of tower equipment installation, and comprises seven steps of setting a tower body measuring mark point, positioning a tower body, measuring verticality deviation in X-X and Y-Y directions, determining actual deviation of the tower body, erecting a final measuring instrument, adjusting a main and auxiliary sizing block set and checking and positioning; synthesizing perpendicularity deviations of the tower bodies in two directions of 90 degrees with each other by utilizing a vector operation triangle rule to determine an actual deviation direction and an actual deviation value of the perpendicularity of the tower bodies, determining a main sizing block group at the bottom of the tower body to be adjusted firstly according to the actual deviation direction of the perpendicularity of the tower bodies, determining the adjustment height of the main sizing block group according to the actual deviation value, adjusting the peripheral auxiliary sizing block groups along with the adjustment height, and adjusting the actual deviation of the perpendicularity of the tower bodies to meet the standard requirement; the perpendicularity adjusting method can be used for adjusting the perpendicularity of the tower equipment more efficiently and accurately.)

1. A perpendicularity adjusting method of tower equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises seven steps of setting a tower body measuring mark point, positioning the tower body, measuring verticality deviation in X-X and Y-Y directions, determining actual deviation of the tower body, erecting a final measuring instrument, adjusting a main and auxiliary sizing block group and checking and positioning:

s1, setting a tower body measurement mark point: a first longitudinal center line (5) and a second longitudinal center line (6) are axially arranged on the outer wall of the tower body along the tower body, and an included angle of 90 degrees is ensured between the plane where the first longitudinal center line (5) and the tower body axis are located and the plane where the second longitudinal center line (6) and the tower body axis are located; taking two intersection points of the radial section of the tower body and a first longitudinal center line (5) and a second longitudinal center line (6) as a group of mutually corresponding measuring mark points, and marking at least three groups of measuring mark points along the axial direction of the tower body; the at least three groups of measuring mark points comprise measuring mark points i1 and j1 which are positioned on the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body and are respectively positioned on the first longitudinal center line (5) and the second longitudinal center line (6), and measuring mark points i3 and j3 which are positioned on the circumference of the top of the tower body and are respectively positioned on the first longitudinal center line (5) and the second longitudinal center line (6);

s2, positioning the tower body: the tower body is preliminarily positioned according to requirements by using a hoisting machine tool and a hoisting machine, so that the bottom surface of the tower body is relatively horizontal, and a plurality of sizing block groups at the bottom of the tower body are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the bottom surface of the tower body;

and S3, measuring verticality deviation in X-X and Y-Y directions:

a. marking a radial line passing through i1 as an X-X direction of the tower body and marking another radial line passing through j1 as a Y-Y direction of the tower body by taking the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body as a reference;

b. erecting a first theodolite (1) in the X-X direction, arranging a first measuring scale in the direction parallel to the Y-Y direction and penetrating through i1, detecting the position of a measuring mark point i3 through the first theodolite (1), and measuring the perpendicularity deviation direction and the perpendicularity deviation value OA of the tower body in the Y-Y direction by combining the first measuring scale;

c. erecting a second theodolite (2) in the Y-Y direction, arranging a second measuring scale in the direction parallel to the X-X direction and penetrating through j1, detecting the position of a measuring mark point j3 through the second theodolite (2), and measuring the perpendicularity deviation direction and the perpendicularity deviation value OB of the tower body in the X-X direction by combining the second measuring scale;

s4, determining the actual deviation of the tower body: vector operation triangle rule is utilized to carry out vector operation synthesis on the perpendicularity deviation direction and deviation value of the tower body in the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction which are perpendicular to each other, so as to obtain the actual deviation value OC of the tower body and the actual deviation angle a relative to the X-X direction; obtaining a deviation angle b of the tower body relative to the vertical direction according to the actual distance of the tower body between i1 and i3 and the calculated actual deviation value OC by using a trigonometric function formula; the deviation angle b is the angle of the tower body needing to be leveled, and then the maximum adjusting distance H of the tower body in the vertical direction is calculated according to the deviation angle b and the diameter of the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body;

s5, final adjustment of instrument erection: drawing an actual deviation direction of perpendicularity of the tower body relative to the X-X direction according to an actual deviation angle a obtained by calculation by taking the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body as a reference, and erecting a third theodolite (3) along a direction which is vertical to the actual deviation direction and tangent to the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body;

s6, adjusting the main and auxiliary sizing block groups: determining a sizing block group corresponding to the actual deviation direction as a main sizing block group (4) according to the actual deviation direction of the verticality of the tower body, wherein other sizing block groups are auxiliary sizing block groups, adjusting the main sizing block group (4) to be in place according to the calculated maximum adjustment distance H, and gradually adjusting a plurality of auxiliary sizing block groups on two sides by taking the actual deviation direction as a symmetry line while adjusting the main sizing block group (4) according to the sequence from near to far from the main sizing block group (4) so that the plurality of auxiliary sizing block groups are supported by abutting against the bottom surface of the tower body;

s7, checking and positioning: after the sizing block group is adjusted, whether the verticality deviation of the tower body meets the standard requirement is checked under the monitoring of a third theodolite (3); if the welding conditions are met, the sizing block group is firmly subjected to spot welding, and the tower body is positioned; if not, the sizing block set is finely adjusted according to the monitoring result of the third theodolite (3) until the verticality deviation of the tower body meets the standard requirement.

2. The verticality adjusting method for tower equipment according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of S2, the tower body is initially in place by requiring the tower body to be initially in place according to a mounting reference line and a positioning reference mark drawn by a design or technical document.

3. The verticality adjusting method for tower equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the horizontal distances between the erecting positions of the first theodolite (1), the second theodolite (2) and the third theodolite (3) and the tower body are all larger than the actual height of the tower body and smaller than the sum of the actual height of the tower body and 15 meters.

4. The verticality adjusting method for tower equipment according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of positioning the S2 tower body, a plurality of sizing block groups are set to be 24-48.

5. The verticality adjusting method for tower equipment according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of measuring the perpendicularity deviation in the S3X-X and Y-Y directions, the first measuring scale and the second measuring scale are symmetrically arranged into two sections of scales respectively by taking the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction as central lines, and the effective measuring length of each section of scale is larger than the circumference radius of the bottom surface of the tower body.

6. The verticality adjusting method for tower equipment according to claim 1, wherein: and in the step of S7 testing and positioning, the allowable deviation of the verticality of the tower body meets the construction and acceptance standard of chemical tower equipment.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of installation of tower equipment, in particular to a perpendicularity adjusting method of the tower equipment.

Background

The tower equipment is one of important unit equipment in chemical and petrochemical production, and along with the rapid development of the chemical industry in China, the installation and the positioning of the tower equipment are always involved in most chemical engineering construction, so that how to install the tower equipment more safely, quickly and accurately is also a problem to be considered by an installation company for improving the industry competitiveness; in the process of alignment and adjustment of the perpendicularity of tower equipment, a theodolite is usually used, the theodolite is a measuring instrument which is designed according to the angle measurement principle and is used for measuring a horizontal angle and a vertical angle, the theodolite is generally divided into an optical theodolite and an electronic theodolite, and the electronic theodolite is used for the longest time at present; in the traditional national and industrial construction process, the deviation of tower equipment in two mutually perpendicular directions of X-X and Y-Y is measured by using measuring tools such as a theodolite and the like, and the sizing block group at the bottom end of the tower equipment is repeatedly adjusted in a circulating manner by taking the two directions as references until the tower equipment is adjusted;

the biggest problem of the traditional adjusting method is that if a sizing block group near the X-X direction is adjusted, the measurement deviation value of the perpendicularity in the Y-Y direction is influenced, so that the sizing blocks in two directions need to be adjusted in a crossing mode for many times, and the theodolite needs to be adjusted for many times to continuously update the deviation data, so that a large amount of time is consumed, and the installation efficiency is low; a chinese patent with publication number CN104420694B discloses a general installation method for benzene hydrogenation engineering tower equipment, wherein the step of adjusting the verticality of the tower is to provide two theodolites for cross erection at 90 degrees, adjust the thickness of the bottom seat cushion plate by detecting the deviation of the upper and lower axes of the tower cylinder, and fasten the foundation bolts of the equipment to achieve the verticality of the equipment, but this is similar to the traditional method, and does not describe in detail a more effective adjusting method, and after the prior art is preliminarily understood, a tower verticality adjusting method similar to the present invention is not found.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention discloses a perpendicularity adjusting method for tower equipment, which can more efficiently and accurately adjust the perpendicularity of the tower equipment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a verticality adjusting method for tower equipment comprises seven steps of setting a tower body measuring mark point, positioning the tower body, measuring verticality deviation in X-X and Y-Y directions, determining actual deviation of the tower body, erecting a final measuring instrument, adjusting a main and auxiliary sizing block set and checking and positioning:

s1, setting a tower body measurement mark point: arranging a first longitudinal center line and a second longitudinal center line on the outer wall of the tower body along the axial direction of the tower body, and ensuring that an included angle between the plane of the first longitudinal center line and the axial line of the tower body and the plane of the second longitudinal center line and the axial line of the tower body is 90 degrees; taking two intersection points of the radial section of the tower body and the first longitudinal center line and the second longitudinal center line as a group of mutually corresponding measuring mark points, and marking at least three groups of measuring mark points along the axial direction of the tower body; the at least three groups of measuring mark points comprise measuring mark points i1 and j1 which are positioned on the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body and are respectively positioned on the first longitudinal center line and the second longitudinal center line, and measuring mark points i3 and j3 which are positioned on the circumference of the top of the tower body and are respectively positioned on the first longitudinal center line and the second longitudinal center line;

s2, positioning the tower body: the tower body is preliminarily positioned according to requirements by using a hoisting machine tool and a hoisting machine, so that the bottom surface of the tower body is relatively horizontal, and a plurality of sizing block groups at the bottom of the tower body are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the bottom surface of the tower body;

and S3, measuring verticality deviation in X-X and Y-Y directions: a. marking a radial line passing through i1 as an X-X direction of the tower body and marking another radial line passing through j1 as a Y-Y direction of the tower body by taking the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body as a reference; b. erecting a first theodolite in the X-X direction, arranging a first measuring scale in the direction parallel to the Y-Y direction and penetrating through i1, detecting the position of a measuring mark point i3 through the first theodolite, and measuring the perpendicularity deviation direction and the perpendicularity deviation value OA of the tower body in the Y-Y direction by combining the first measuring scale; c. erecting a second theodolite in the Y-Y direction, arranging a second measuring scale in the direction parallel to the X-X direction and penetrating through j1, detecting the position of a measuring mark point j3 through the second theodolite, and measuring the perpendicularity deviation direction and the perpendicularity deviation value OB of the tower body in the X-X direction by combining the second measuring scale;

s4, determining the actual deviation of the tower body: vector operation triangle rule is utilized to carry out vector operation synthesis on the perpendicularity deviation direction and deviation value of the tower body in the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction which are perpendicular to each other, so as to obtain the actual deviation value OC of the tower body and the actual deviation angle a relative to the X-X direction; obtaining a deviation angle b of the tower body relative to the vertical direction according to the actual distance of the tower body between i1 and i3 and the calculated actual deviation value OC by using a trigonometric function formula; the deviation angle b is the angle of the tower body needing to be leveled, and then the maximum adjusting distance H of the tower body in the vertical direction is calculated according to the deviation angle b and the diameter of the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body;

s5, final adjustment of instrument erection: drawing an actual deviation direction of perpendicularity of the tower body relative to the X-X direction according to an actual deviation angle a obtained by calculation by taking the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body as a reference, and erecting a third theodolite along a direction which is vertical to the actual deviation direction and tangent to the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body;

s6, adjusting the main and auxiliary sizing block groups: determining a sizing block group corresponding to the actual deviation direction as a main sizing block group and other sizing block groups as auxiliary sizing block groups according to the actual deviation direction of the verticality of the tower body, adjusting the main sizing block group to be in place according to the calculated maximum adjustment distance H, and gradually adjusting a plurality of auxiliary sizing block groups on two sides by taking the actual deviation direction as a symmetrical line while adjusting the main sizing block group according to the sequence from near to far from the main sizing block group so that the plurality of auxiliary sizing block groups are supported by abutting against the bottom surface of the tower body;

s7, checking and positioning: after the sizing block group is adjusted, whether the verticality deviation of the tower body meets the standard requirement or not is checked under the monitoring of a third theodolite; if the welding conditions are met, the sizing block group is firmly subjected to spot welding, and the tower body is positioned; and if not, finely adjusting the sizing block set according to the monitoring result of the third theodolite until the verticality deviation of the tower body meets the standard requirement.

Further, in the step of S2 locating, the preliminary locating of the tower body is performed by requiring the tower body to be located according to an installation reference line and a positioning reference mark drawn by a design or technical document.

Further, the horizontal distance between the erection positions of the first theodolite, the second theodolite and the third theodolite and the tower body is larger than the actual height of the tower body and smaller than the sum of the actual height of the tower body and 15 meters.

Further, in the step of positioning the S1 tower body, 24-48 sizing blocks are arranged.

Further, in the step of measuring the perpendicularity deviation in the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction of S3, the first measuring scale and the second measuring scale are symmetrically arranged into two sections of scales respectively by taking the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction as central lines, and the effective measuring length of each section of scale is larger than the circumference radius of the bottom surface of the tower body.

Further, in the step of S6 testing and positioning, the allowable deviation of the verticality of the tower body meets the construction and acceptance standard of chemical tower equipment.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention discloses a verticality adjusting method of tower equipment, which is characterized in that a vector operation triangle rule is utilized, verticality deviations of two directions of a tower body which are 90 degrees to each other are synthesized, an actual deviation direction and an actual deviation value of the verticality of the tower body are determined, a main sizing block group at the bottom of the tower body which needs to be adjusted is determined firstly according to the actual deviation direction of the verticality of the tower body, the height of the main sizing block group which needs to be adjusted is determined according to the actual deviation value, and when the main sizing block group is adjusted, auxiliary sizing block groups around are adjusted accordingly, so that the actual deviation of the verticality of the tower body is adjusted to meet the standard requirement, and the method is a simple; compared with the traditional installation and alignment method of the tower equipment, the method can more efficiently and accurately adjust the verticality of the tower equipment, improve the installation efficiency and greatly improve the industry competitiveness.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the longitudinal centre line position of the tower body;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the first and second theodolites in an erect position;

fig. 3 is a composite schematic diagram of the deviation of the actual perpendicularity of the tower;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the deviation angle of the tower body with respect to the vertical;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the adjustment of the set of sizing blocks at the bottom of the tower;

in the figure: 1. a first warp and weft gauge; 2. a second theodolite; 3. a third theodolite; 4. a main sizing block group; 5. a first longitudinal centerline; 6. a second longitudinal centerline.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be explained in detail by the following examples, which are disclosed for the purpose of protecting all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention, and are not limited to the following examples:

the verticality adjusting method of the tower equipment combined with the attached figures 1-5 comprises seven steps of setting a tower body measuring mark point, positioning the tower body, measuring the verticality deviation in X-X and Y-Y directions, determining the actual deviation of the tower body, erecting a final measuring instrument, adjusting a main and auxiliary sizing block group and checking and positioning:

the first step is to set up the tower body and measure the mark point: a first longitudinal center line 5 and a second longitudinal center line 6 are arranged on the outer wall of the tower body along the axial direction of the tower body, and an included angle of 90 degrees is ensured between the plane of the first longitudinal center line 5 and the axial line of the tower body and the plane of the second longitudinal center line 6 and the axial line of the tower body; marking at least three groups of measuring mark points along the axial direction of the tower body by taking two intersection points of the radial section of the tower body and a first longitudinal central line 5 and a second longitudinal central line 6 as a group of measuring mark points which correspond to each other; the at least three groups of measuring mark points comprise measuring mark points i1 and j1 which are positioned on the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body and are respectively positioned on the first longitudinal center line 5 and the second longitudinal center line 6, and measuring mark points i3 and j3 which are positioned on the circumference of the top of the tower body and are respectively positioned on the first longitudinal center line 5 and the second longitudinal center line 6; if the top end of the tower body is a pointed end, the topmost end of the tower body can be used as measuring mark points in the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction, if the tower body is cylindrical, three measuring mark points are arranged on a first longitudinal central line 5 and a second longitudinal central line 6 according to requirements and are respectively arranged on the circumference lines of the top, the middle and the bottom of the tower body, and if the first longitudinal central line 5 and the second longitudinal central line 6 are firstly determined on the tower body and then the measuring mark points are determined, the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction can be determined by the longitudinal central lines and the measuring mark points at the bottom of the tower body; it should be noted that, after the actual deviation of the tower body is determined by calculation in the fourth step and valid data is obtained, a new set of data for checking the measurement result of the theodolite can be obtained again by using the measurement mark points i2 and j2 as the mark points for checking;

secondly, the tower body is in place, before the tower body is in place, the equipment body needs to be checked, the accessories and the sizing blocks of the tower body are checked, then a hoisting tool and a hoisting machine are used for preliminarily placing a mounting reference line and a positioning reference mark which are drawn by the tower body according to the requirements of a design pattern or a technical file, so that the bottom surface of the tower body is relatively horizontal, and a plurality of sizing blocks at the bottom of the tower body are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the outer edge of the bottom surface of the tower body;

the third step is the measurement of the verticality deviation in the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction, wherein a, a radial line passing through i1 is marked as the X-X direction of the tower body by taking the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body as a reference, and the other radial line passing through j1 is marked as the Y-Y direction of the tower body; b. erecting a first theodolite 1 in the X-X direction, arranging a first measuring scale in the direction parallel to the Y-Y direction and penetrating through i1, detecting the position of a measuring mark point i3 through the first theodolite 1, and measuring the perpendicularity deviation direction and the perpendicularity deviation value OA of the tower body in the Y-Y direction by combining the first measuring scale; c. erecting a second theodolite 2 in the Y-Y direction, arranging a second measuring scale in the direction parallel to the X-X direction and penetrating through j1, detecting the position of a measuring mark point j3 through the second theodolite 2, and measuring the perpendicularity deviation direction and the perpendicularity deviation value OB of the tower body in the X-X direction by combining the second measuring scale; the first theodolite 1 and the second theodolite 2 respectively measure the perpendicularity deviation of the tower body in the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction through measuring mark points, which is the prior art, and are not described in detail herein, and it is noted that the measuring mark points adopted by the first theodolite 1 and the second theodolite 2 in the same step need to be measuring mark points positioned on the same circumference of the tower body; in addition, the horizontal distances between the erection positions of the first theodolite 1 and the second theodolite 2 and the tower body are both greater than the actual height of the tower body and smaller than the sum of the actual height of the tower body and 15 meters, and the measurement error can be increased when the erection positions are too far or too close; preferably, the horizontal distance between the erection position of the first theodolite 1 and the second theodolite 2 and the tower body is the actual height of the tower body, or the sum of the actual height of the tower body and 10 meters; in addition, in the step of measuring perpendicularity deviation in the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction of S3, the first measuring scale and the second measuring scale are symmetrically arranged into two sections of scales respectively by taking the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction as central lines, and the effective measuring length of each section of scale is greater than the circumference radius of the bottom surface of the tower body, so that the effective measuring length of each section of scale is generally arranged into the circumference radius of the bottom surface of the tower body;

fourthly, determining the actual deviation of the tower body, and performing vector operation synthesis on the perpendicularity deviation directions and deviation values of the tower body in the X-X direction and the Y-Y direction which are perpendicular to each other by using a vector operation triangle rule to obtain an actual deviation value OC of the tower body and an actual deviation angle a relative to the X-X direction; obtaining a deviation angle b of the tower body relative to the vertical direction according to the actual distance of the tower body between i1 and i3 and the calculated actual deviation value OC by using a trigonometric function formula; the deviation angle b is the angle of the tower body needing to be leveled, and then the maximum adjusting distance H of the tower body in the vertical direction is calculated according to the deviation angle b and the diameter of the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body;

fifthly, setting up a final adjusting instrument, drawing an actual deviation direction of the verticality of the tower body relative to the X-X direction according to the calculated actual deviation angle a by taking the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body as a reference, and setting up a third theodolite 3 along a direction which is vertical to the actual deviation direction and is tangent to the circumference of the bottom surface of the tower body; according to the requirement, the horizontal distance between the erection position of the third theodolite 3 and the tower body is larger than the actual height of the tower body and smaller than the sum of the actual height of the tower body and 15 meters; preferably, the horizontal distance between the erection position of the third theodolite 3 and the tower body is the actual height of the tower body, or the sum of the actual height of the tower body and 10 meters;

sixthly, adjusting the main and auxiliary sizing block groups, determining the sizing block group corresponding to the actual deviation direction to be the main sizing block group 4 according to the actual deviation direction of the verticality of the tower body, wherein the other sizing block groups are the auxiliary sizing block groups, adjusting the main sizing block group 4 to be in place according to the calculated maximum adjustment distance H, and gradually adjusting a plurality of auxiliary sizing block groups at two sides by taking the actual deviation direction as a symmetry line according to the sequence from the near to the far away from the main sizing block group 4 while adjusting the main sizing block group 4 so that the auxiliary sizing block groups are supported by abutting against the bottom surface of the tower body; if the actual deviation direction does not accurately correspond to one sizing block group, a principle of proximity is adopted, if the actual deviation direction corresponds to the centers of the two sizing block groups, the two sizing block groups are both the main sizing block group 4, and synchronous adjustment is carried out;

the seventh step is to inspect and position, and after the adjustment of the sizing block group is finished, whether the verticality deviation of the tower body meets the standard requirement is inspected under the monitoring of a third theodolite 3; if the welding conditions are met, the sizing block group is firmly subjected to spot welding, and the tower body is positioned; if not, finely adjusting the sizing block set according to the monitoring result of the third theodolite 3 until the verticality deviation of the tower body meets the standard requirement; and according to the requirement, in the seventh step of testing and positioning, the allowable deviation of the perpendicularity of the tower body meets the construction and acceptance standard of chemical tower equipment.

The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.