阅读说明：本技术 一种模块化放顶煤开采的相似模拟试验装置及方法 (Similar simulation test device and method for modular caving coal mining ) 是由 霍昱名 朱德福 王仲伦 宋选民 刘国方 曹健洁 蔚瑞 于 2019-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于采矿工程相似模拟试验技术领域,具体是一种模块化放顶煤开采的相似模拟试验装置及方法。提供一种设计合理、操作简单、养护方便、试验便捷,可以最大限度的在实验室还原了放顶煤开采过程的放顶煤开采相似模拟,包括相似模拟试验台架、煤岩层相似模拟系统、放顶煤作业模拟系统和实时监测系统。本发明最大程度的还原了放顶煤开采过程,使得放顶煤开采的相似材料模拟方法从理论上更为可靠；易于对顶板关键块在放顶煤开采过程中的受力及运移情况进行监测。(The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering analog simulation tests, and particularly relates to an analog simulation test device and method for modular caving coal mining. The caving coal mining simulation test bed is reasonable in design, simple in operation, convenient in maintenance and convenient and fast in test, and can restore the caving coal mining process in a laboratory to the maximum extent. The method reduces the caving coal mining process to the maximum extent, so that the similar material simulation method for caving coal mining is more reliable theoretically; the stress and the migration condition of the key top plate blocks in the top caving coal mining process are easily monitored.)

1. The utility model provides a similar analogue test device of modularization caving coal exploitation which characterized in that: the device comprises a similar simulation test bed, a coal rock layer similar simulation system, a top coal caving operation simulation system (6) and a real-time monitoring system (7);

the simulation test bench comprises a simulation test platform (1), uniformly distributed load loading systems (2) and a model box body (3), wherein the simulation test platform (1) is made of rigid alloy materials, the uniformly distributed load loading systems (2) are arranged above the simulation test platform (1), the model box body (3) is arranged between the uniformly distributed load loading systems (2) and the periphery of the simulation test platform (1), front and rear baffles of the model box body (3) are transparent organic glass plates, and left and right baffles of the model box body (3) are made of rigid alloy plates;

the top coal caving operation simulation system (6) is arranged on the upper side of the similar simulation test platform (1);

the coal rock stratum similarity simulation system comprises an overburden stratum modularization simulation system (4) and a top coal scattered simulation system (5), wherein the overburden stratum modularization simulation system (4) is arranged on the upper side of a top coal caving operation simulation system (6), the top coal scattered simulation system (5) is arranged on the upper side of the overburden stratum modularization simulation system (4), and the upper side of the top coal scattered simulation system (5) is in contact with a uniformly distributed load loading system (2);

the real-time monitoring system (7) comprises a BW foil type pressure sensor pre-buried in the overburden modularized simulation system (4) and a digital camera arranged right in front of the similar simulation test bed.

2. The modular caving coal mining simulation test apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the uniformly distributed load loading system (2) comprises a group of hydraulic oil cylinders which are arranged in parallel, and the bottoms of the hydraulic oil cylinders are provided with rigid alloy plates as pressurizing plates.

3. The modular caving coal mining simulation test apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the top coal caving operation simulation system (6) comprises a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer (12) and a coal caving plate (13), wherein the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer (12) is made of rigid alloy materials, and the top of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer (12) is the coal caving plate (13) which can be switched.

4. The modular caving coal mining simulation test apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the overburden modularized simulation system (4) is composed of a plurality of prefabricated modules (8).

5. The modular caving coal mining simulation test apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the top coal scattering simulation system (5) is formed by mixing organic glass particles (9) with different particle sizes and a weak binder.

6. A method of testing a modular caving coal mining simulation simulator as defined in claim 5, wherein: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

a. and (3) carrying and simulating drawer size calculation by the overlying strata module and the bottom coal: determining each similar constant according to overburden rock mechanical parameters and actual occurrence conditions of rock strata determined by a laboratory rock mechanical experiment and combining three similar theorems, wherein the method comprises the following steps: geometric similarity constantPhysical similarity constant; according to the principle of the composite beam and the key layer theory, the load value borne by each overlying strata layer is calculated layer by layer, the limit span of each overlying strata layer under the load is calculated,wherein h is the thickness of the rock formation,in order to be the tensile strength of the rock formation,combining geometric similarity constant for the load of rock stratum according to the calculation resultDetermining the length of the prefabricated module in the simulation testSatisfy the requirement ofHeight ofSatisfy the requirement ofThe width of the module is the same as that of the similar simulation experiment bench; according to the actual coal caving stepCoal mining heightAnd geometric similarity constantDetermining the length of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawerSatisfy the requirement ofHeight ofSatisfy the requirement ofThe width of the simulation test platform is similar to that of the simulation test platform;

b. manufacturing a module mold and a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer: b, according to the calculation result of the step a, manufacturing a module mould and a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer of each layer of overlying strata matched with the test, wherein the module mould and the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer are made of ABS materials;

c. preparing a module: determining the module material and the proportion by configuring a relevant orthogonal test according to the analysis and calculation result of the step a; b, manufacturing each layer of overlying rock prefabricated module by using the module die manufactured in the step b, uniformly mixing materials, injecting the materials into the module die to manufacture a module, and putting the module die into a curing box for curing under a specified condition after the manufacturing is finished;

d. determining the simulation parameters of the scattered top coal: according to the test result of the lumpiness distribution of the on-site top coal, combining geometric similarity constantsCustomizing organic glass particles of different particle sizes to simulate the top coal, wherein the diameters of the organic glass particlesLumpiness of top coal on siteSatisfy the requirement ofWherein i is a different blockiness number;

e. building a similar simulation system: a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is paved on the upper part of the similar simulation test platform, and a top coal dispersion simulation system and an overburden modularized simulation system are paved on the upper part of the similar simulation test platform layer by layer.

7. Combining the flow characteristics of the discrete top coal, uniformly mixing organic glass particles with different particle sizes with water and fly ash, paving the mixture on the upper part of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer, and simulating top coal; arranging the prefabricated modules layer by layer according to rock stratum distribution to build an overlying rock stratum modular simulation system;

f. installing a pressure sensor: d, when a top coal scattered simulation system and an overburden modularized simulation system are laid in the step d, installing a BW foil type pressure sensor at a preset position to monitor the internal pressure;

g. uniformly distributing load and loading: calculating the average volume weight and the load size of the non-simulated overlying strata according to the stratum histogram and the lithologic distribution condition, calculating a similar simulation loading value according to a physical similarity constant, and pressurizing by an evenly distributed load loading system to realize similar simulation of the loads of the rest overlying strata;

h. simulating a coal caving process: sequentially drawing the coal discharging plate of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer to simulate the coal discharging operation, closing the coal discharging plate to stop the coal discharging after the top coal above the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is completely discharged, drawing out the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer, and repeating the step to simulate the coal discharging process;

i. and (3) observation: observing the migration and crushing process of overlying strata and top coal in the coal caving process, collecting data obtained by a real-time monitoring system, and analyzing the internal stress of a rock stratum in the recovery process according to BW foil type pressure sensor data obtained by a test; according to image data of a digital camera arranged right in front of the analog simulation test bed, different structural states of the overburden before and after the fracture and the top coal release rate are analyzed by using an image gray processing method.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering analog simulation tests, and particularly relates to an analog simulation test device and method for modular caving coal mining.

Background

The analogue simulation research is a very important means in the research of the modern mineral engineering field. The method is an important scientific research means for replacing engineering field prototypes by simulation according to a certain geometrical and physical relation based on three similar laws. Similar simulation of the migration rule of the overlying strata of the caving coal working face at the present stage has a plurality of defects, and the simulation test method of the similar materials related to the caving coal at present mainly comprises two types: according to the method, continuous simulation materials are used for simulating a coal bed and an overlying rock stratum, so that the coal caving process of caving coal mining cannot be reflected, a caving coal mining method cannot be distinguished from a one-time mining full-height method, the stress state of a key block cannot be monitored, the simulated material maintenance conditions are not suitable to be set, and the maintenance effect is not uniform; the method uses the granular dispersoid to simulate a coal bed and an overlying strata, the overlying strata collapse synchronously along with the top coal after the top coal is released, the mechanical bearing structure of the 'masonry beam' formed by the actual overlying strata is not in accordance with that of the 'masonry beam', and the collapse condition of the overlying strata in the process of exploiting the top coal cannot be effectively reflected. The reasons restrict the reliability and accuracy of the simulation test result of the similar material for caving coal mining.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a similar simulation test device and method for modular caving coal mining, aiming at providing a similar simulation test device and method for caving coal mining, which has the advantages of reasonable design, simple operation, convenient maintenance and convenient test, and can reduce the caving coal mining process in a laboratory to the maximum extent.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a similar simulation test device for modularized caving coal mining comprises a similar simulation test bench, a coal rock stratum similar simulation system, a caving coal operation simulation system and a real-time monitoring system.

The similar simulation test bench comprises a similar simulation test platform, an evenly distributed load loading system and a model box body, wherein the similar simulation test platform is made of rigid alloy materials, the evenly distributed load loading system is arranged above the similar simulation test platform, the model box body is arranged between the evenly distributed load loading system and the similar simulation test platform, front and rear baffles of the model box body are made of transparent organic glass plates, and left and right baffles of the model box body are made of rigid alloy plates; the top coal caving operation simulation system is arranged on the upper side of the similar simulation test platform.

The coal rock stratum similar simulation system comprises an overburden stratum modularized simulation system and a top coal scattered simulation system, wherein the overburden stratum modularized simulation system is arranged on the upper side of the top coal caving operation simulation system, the top coal scattered simulation system is arranged on the upper side of the overburden stratum modularized simulation system, and the upper side of the top coal scattered simulation system is in contact with the uniformly distributed load loading system; the real-time monitoring system comprises a BW foil type pressure sensor pre-buried in the overlying strata modular simulation system and a digital camera arranged right in front of the similar simulation test bed.

The uniformly distributed load loading system comprises a group of hydraulic oil cylinders which are arranged in parallel, and the bottoms of the hydraulic oil cylinders are provided with rigid alloy plates as pressurizing plates.

The top coal caving operation simulation system comprises a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer and a coal caving plate, wherein the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is made of rigid alloy materials, and the top of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is the switchable coal caving plate.

The overburden modular simulation system is composed of a plurality of prefabricated modules.

The top coal dispersion simulation system is formed by mixing organic glass particles with different particle sizes and a weak binder.

A test method of a similar simulation test device for modular caving coal mining comprises the following steps,

a. and (3) carrying and simulating drawer size calculation by the overlying strata module and the bottom coal: according to the overburden rock mechanical parameters and the actual occurrence conditions of the rock stratum determined by the laboratory rock mechanical experiment, combining the similar three theorems,determining each similarity constant, including: geometric similarity constantPhysical similarity constant; according to the principle of the composite beam and the key layer theory, the load value borne by each overlying strata layer is calculated layer by layer, the limit span of each overlying strata layer under the load is calculated,wherein h is the thickness of the rock formation,in order to be the tensile strength of the rock formation,combining geometric similarity constant for the load of rock stratum according to the calculation resultDetermining the length of the prefabricated module in the simulation testSatisfy the requirement ofHeight ofSatisfy the requirement ofThe width of the module is the same as that of the similar simulation experiment bench; according to the actual coal caving stepCoal mining heightAnd geometric similarity constantDetermining the length of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawerSatisfy the requirement ofHeight ofSatisfy the requirement ofAnd the width of the simulation test platform is similar to that of the simulation test platform.

b. Manufacturing a module mold and a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer: and c, manufacturing a module mould and a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer of each layer of overlying strata matched with the test according to the calculation result of the step a, wherein the module mould and the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer are made of ABS materials.

c. Preparing a module: determining the module material and the proportion by configuring a relevant orthogonal test according to the analysis and calculation result of the step a; and c, manufacturing each layer of overlying rock prefabricated module by using the module die manufactured in the step b, uniformly mixing materials, injecting the materials into the module die to manufacture a module, and putting the module die into a curing box for curing under the specified conditions after the manufacturing is finished.

d. Determining the simulation parameters of the scattered top coal: according to the test result of the lumpiness distribution of the on-site top coal, combining geometric similarity constantsCustomizing organic glass particles of different particle sizes to simulate the top coal, wherein the diameters of the organic glass particlesLumpiness of top coal on siteSatisfy the requirement ofWhere i is a different blockiness number.

e. Building a similar simulation system: a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is paved on the upper part of the similar simulation test platform, and a top coal dispersion simulation system and an overburden modularized simulation system are paved on the upper part of the similar simulation test platform layer by layer. Combining the flow characteristics of the discrete top coal, uniformly mixing organic glass particles with different particle sizes with water and fly ash, paving the mixture on the upper part of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer, and simulating top coal; and arranging the prefabricated modules layer by layer according to rock stratum distribution to build an overlying rock stratum modular simulation system.

f. Installing a pressure sensor: and d, installing a BW foil type pressure sensor at a preset position to monitor the internal pressure when a top coal scattered simulation system and an overburden modularized simulation system are laid in the step d.

g. Uniformly distributing load and loading: according to the rock stratum histogram and the lithologic distribution condition, the average volume weight and the load size of the non-simulated overlying rock stratum are calculated, the similar simulation loading value is calculated according to the physical similarity constant, and the similar simulation of the loads of the rest overlying rock strata is realized by pressurizing the uniformly distributed load loading system.

h. Simulating a coal caving process: and (3) sequentially drawing the coal discharging plate of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer to simulate the coal discharging operation, closing the coal discharging plate to stop the coal discharging after the top coal above the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is completely discharged, drawing out the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer, and repeating the step to simulate the coal discharging process.

i. And (3) observation: observing the migration and crushing process of overlying strata and top coal in the coal caving process, collecting data obtained by a real-time monitoring system, and analyzing the internal stress of a rock stratum in the recovery process according to BW foil type pressure sensor data obtained by a test; according to image data of a digital camera arranged right in front of the analog simulation test bed, different structural states of the overburden before and after the fracture and the top coal release rate are analyzed by using an image gray processing method.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by applying the overburden rock modularized simulation system and the top coal scattered simulation system, the top coal caving mining process is reduced to the maximum extent, so that the similar material simulation method for top coal caving mining is more reliable theoretically; the stress and the migration condition of the key top plate block in the caving coal mining process are easily monitored, the overburden rock migration rule and the top plate masonry beam structure forming process in the caving coal mining process can be further known, and the method has important significance for simulating similar materials for caving coal mining.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a similar simulation test apparatus for implementing modular caving coal mining in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a mold for overburden prefabrication modules;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bottom coal carrying simulation drawer and a coal discharging plate.

Reference numerals: 1-a similar simulation test platform, 2-an evenly distributed load loading system, 3-a model box body, 4-an overlying rock layer modularization simulation system, 5-a top coal scatter simulation system, 6-a top coal caving operation simulation system, 7-a real-time monitoring system, 8-a prefabricated module, 9-organic glass particles with different particle sizes, 10-a module mould 1, 11-a module mould 2, 12-a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer and 13-a coal caving plate.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.

A similar simulation test device and method for modular caving coal mining comprise a similar simulation test bench, a coal rock layer similar simulation system, a caving coal operation simulation system 6 and a real-time monitoring system 7.

The similar simulation test bench comprises a similar simulation test platform 1, an evenly distributed load loading system 2 and a model box body 3, wherein the similar simulation test platform 1 is made of rigid alloy materials, after a simulation caving coal working face is pushed, an overlying rock stratum collapses to the similar simulation test platform 1 and is compacted step by step, the rest systems are built on the similar simulation test platform 1, the evenly distributed load loading system 2 is used for simulating evenly distributed loads on the top of a similar model and consists of a group of hydraulic cylinders, a rigid alloy plate is arranged at the bottom of the evenly distributed load loading system and serves as a pressurizing plate and is attached to the upper surface of the similar model, the model box body 3 is a similar simulation boundary, front and rear baffles of the model are made of transparent organic glass plates, and left and right baffles of.

The coal and rock stratum similar simulation system comprises an overburden stratum modular simulation system 4 and a top coal scattered simulation system 5.

The top coal caving operation simulation system 6 comprises a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer 12 and a coal caving plate 13.

The real-time monitoring system 7 comprises a multi-channel pressure monitoring system and a front image analysis system.

The overburden modular simulation system 4 is comprised of pre-fabricated modules 8 of a particular size.

The top coal scattering simulation system 5 is formed by mixing organic glass particles 9 with different particle sizes and a weak binder.

The bottom coal bearing simulation drawer 12 is made of rigid alloy materials, and the top of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is provided with a switchable coal discharging plate 13.

The multichannel pressure monitoring system comprises a plurality of BW foil type pressure sensors, and the BW foil type pressure sensors are buried between modules in the laying process of the overlying strata modular simulation system 4.

The front image analysis system comprises a digital camera which is arranged right in front of the simulation experiment bench.

A test method of a similar simulation test device for modular caving coal mining comprises the following steps,

a. and (3) carrying and simulating drawer size calculation by the overlying strata module and the bottom coal: determining each similar constant according to overburden rock mechanical parameters and actual occurrence conditions of rock strata determined by a laboratory rock mechanical experiment and combining three similar theorems, wherein the method comprises the following steps: geometric similarity constantPhysical similarity constant; according to the principle of the composite beam and the key layer theory, the load value borne by each overlying strata layer is calculated layer by layer, the limit span of each overlying strata layer under the load is calculated,wherein h is the thickness of the rock formation,in order to be the tensile strength of the rock formation,combining geometric similarity constant for the load of rock stratum according to the calculation resultDetermining the length of the prefabricated module in the simulation testSatisfy the requirement ofHeight ofSatisfy the requirement ofThe width of the module is the same as that of the similar simulation experiment bench; according to the actual coal caving stepCoal mining heightAnd geometric similarity constantDetermining the length of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawerSatisfy the requirement ofHeight ofSatisfy the requirement ofAnd the width of the simulation test platform is similar to that of the simulation test platform.

b. Manufacturing a module mold and a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer: and c, manufacturing a module mould and a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer of each layer of overlying strata matched with the test according to the calculation result of the step a, wherein the module mould and the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer are made of ABS materials.

c. Preparing a module: determining the module material and the proportion by configuring a relevant orthogonal test according to the analysis and calculation result of the step a; and c, manufacturing each layer of overlying rock prefabricated module by using the module die manufactured in the step b, uniformly mixing materials, injecting the materials into the module die to manufacture a module, and putting the module die into a curing box for curing under the specified conditions after the manufacturing is finished.

d. Determining the simulation parameters of the scattered top coal: according to the test result of the lumpiness distribution of the on-site top coal, combining geometric similarity constantsCustomizing organic glass particles of different particle sizes to simulate the top coal, wherein the diameters of the organic glass particlesLumpiness of top coal on siteSatisfy the requirement ofWhere i is a different blockiness number.

e. Building a similar simulation system: a bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is paved on the upper part of the similar simulation test platform, and a top coal dispersion simulation system and an overburden modularized simulation system are paved on the upper part of the similar simulation test platform layer by layer. Combining the flow characteristics of the discrete top coal, uniformly mixing organic glass particles with different particle sizes with water and fly ash, paving the mixture on the upper part of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer, and simulating top coal; and arranging the prefabricated modules layer by layer according to rock stratum distribution to build an overlying rock stratum modular simulation system.

f. Installing a pressure sensor: and d, installing a BW foil type pressure sensor at a preset position to monitor the internal pressure when a top coal scattered simulation system and an overburden modularized simulation system are laid in the step d.

g. Uniformly distributing load and loading: according to the rock stratum histogram and the lithologic distribution condition, the average volume weight and the load size of the non-simulated overlying rock stratum are calculated, the similar simulation loading value is calculated according to the physical similarity constant, and the similar simulation of the loads of the rest overlying rock strata is realized by pressurizing the uniformly distributed load loading system.

h. Simulating a coal caving process: and (3) sequentially drawing the coal discharging plate of the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer to simulate the coal discharging operation, closing the coal discharging plate to stop the coal discharging after the top coal above the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer is completely discharged, drawing out the bottom coal bearing simulation drawer, and repeating the step to simulate the coal discharging process.

i. And (3) observation: observing the migration and crushing process of overlying strata and top coal in the coal caving process, collecting data obtained by a real-time monitoring system, and analyzing the internal stress of a rock stratum in the recovery process according to BW foil type pressure sensor data obtained by a test; according to image data of a digital camera arranged right in front of the analog simulation test bed, different structural states of the overburden before and after the fracture and the top coal release rate are analyzed by using an image gray processing method.

The overburden rock is simulated by the prefabricated modules 8, the modules are connected and arranged, the simulated overburden rock is different from the bulk overburden rock, and the collapse condition of the whole overburden rock during the recovery period in the coal caving process and the vertical and horizontal stress states at different collapse positions can be observed by means of the real-time detection system 7.

When the prefabricated modules 8 are prepared, the collapse steps of the prefabricated modules are calculated according to the specific conditions of each overlying rock stratum, and the modules with the lengths matched with the collapse steps are manufactured for each layer of overlying rock respectively so as to ensure the reliability of a simulation test.

Organic glass mixed particles 9 with different particle sizes are used for simulating the top coal, and a certain amount of weak binder is uniformly mixed in the particles, so that the actual physical and mechanical properties of the particles and the top coal conform to the three similar laws.

And (3) designing a particle grading relation by combining top coal lumpiness field observation data and a 'similar three theorem' according to different particle sizes, uniformly mixing organic glass particles with different sizes, adding a certain proportion of water and fly ash, fully stirring, and constructing a top coal similarity simulation system.