阅读说明：本技术 用于建筑物平屋顶或平斜屋顶作为防水物的隔热和/或隔音系统以及用于制造作为防水物的隔热和/或隔音系统的方法 (Heat and/or sound insulation system for flat roofs or flat pitched roofs of buildings as a waterproof and method for producing a heat and/or sound insulation system as a waterproof ) 是由 安德烈亚斯·格兵 于 2020-01-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于建筑物平或平斜外表面、特别是用于平屋顶(1)或平斜屋顶作为防水物的隔热和/或隔音系统,至少包一个括由矿物棉制成、优选由石棉制成并具有主表面(7.2)的隔离元件(4),和内衬元件(5),该内衬元件(5)至少包括：由内衬材料制成的第一层,和由可通过热激活的胶制成且朝向隔离元件(4)的主表面(7.2)的第二层,由此隔离元件(4)的主表面(7.2)没有突出部,尤其阶梯和空腔,从而是平坦的并且由此隔离元件(4)和内衬元件(5)之间的区域连接至少为隔离元件(4)的主表面(7.2)面积的70％,优选至少为80％。(The invention relates to a thermal and/or acoustic insulation system for flat or flat-pitched external surfaces of buildings, in particular for flat roofs (1) or flat-pitched roofs, as a waterproof, comprising at least one insulating element (4) made of mineral wool, preferably of rock wool, and having a main surface (7.2), and an inner lining element (5), the inner lining element (5) comprising at least: -a first layer made of a lining material, and-a second layer made of a heat-activatable glue and directed towards a main surface (7.2) of the insulating element (4), whereby the main surface (7.2) of the insulating element (4) is free of protrusions, in particular steps and cavities, and is thus flat and whereby the area connection between the insulating element (4) and the lining element (5) is at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, of the area of the main surface (7.2) of the insulating element (4).)

1. Thermal and/or acoustic insulation system for flat or flat-pitched external surfaces of buildings, in particular for flat roofs or flat-pitched roofs, as a waterproof, comprising at least an insulating element made of mineral wool, preferably of rock wool, and having a main surface, and an inner lining element, comprising at least: a first layer made of a lining material and a second layer made of a heat-activatable glue and directed towards the main surface of the insulating element, whereby the main surface of the insulating element is free of protrusions, in particular steps and cavities, and is thus flat and whereby the zone connection between the insulating element and the lining element is at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, of the area of the main surface of the insulating element.

2. Thermal and/or acoustic insulation system according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the spacer element has at least two layers of different bulk density, whereby the layer with the higher bulk density is in contact with the lining element.

3. Thermal and/or acoustic insulation system according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the area connection between the insulation element and the lining element covers 90% to 99% of the area of the main surfaces of the insulation element.

4. Thermal and/or acoustic insulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the peel strength perpendicular to the main surface of the isolating element is at least 15[ N/50mm ], preferably at least 18[ N/50mm ].

5. Thermal and/or acoustic insulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the wind lift resistance is at least 3.500N/m²Preferably at least 4.000N/m²。

6. Thermal and/or acoustic insulation system according to claim 2,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the bulk density of the layer of the insulating element in contact with the lining element is 40% to 100%, preferably 50% to 75%, higher than the bulk density of the layer facing away from the lining element.

7. Thermal and/or acoustic insulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the second main surface of the insulating element, which is oriented parallel to the main surfaces of the insulating element, is free of projections, in particular steps and cavities, and thus flat.

8. Method for manufacturing a thermal and/or acoustic insulation system for flat or flat-pitched external surfaces of buildings, in particular for flat roofs or flat-pitched roofs as a waterproof, said system comprising at least one insulating element made of mineral wool, preferably of rock wool, and having a main surface, and an inner lining element comprising at least: a first layer made of a lining material and a second layer made of a heat-activatable glue and directed towards the main surface of the insulating element, whereby protrusions, in particular steps and cavities, are removed from the main surface of the insulating element so that the main surface is flat, whereby the insulating element is placed on the outer surface of the building with the flat surface facing away from the outer surface of the building, whereby the lining element is placed on the flat surface of the insulating element with its glue layer at least partially in contact with the main surface area of the insulating element, whereby the glue is heated to its melting temperature.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the lining element is placed in the form of a roll on top of the flat surface of the insulating element, whereby the upper region of the roll is heated to a melting temperature, whereby the roll is then unrolled until the heated upper region is in contact with the flat surface of the insulating element.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

removing any protrusions of the main surface of the insulation element by sawing and/or grinding, and then removing fibers that are not bonded to the insulation element.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the lining element is connected to the spacer element over at least 70%, preferably at least 80% of the planar surface area of the spacer element.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the lining element is connected to an insulating element having at least two layers of different bulk density, whereby the layer with the higher bulk density is in contact with the lining element.

13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the lining element is connected to the planar surface of the insulation element, wherein the fibers are mostly oriented perpendicular or at least inclined to the planar surface of the insulation element.

14. The method of any one of claims 8 to 13,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the protrusions, in particular the steps and the cavities, are removed from a second main surface of the isolation element, which is oriented parallel to the main surface of the isolation element, so that the second main surface is flat.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a thermal and/or acoustic insulation system for flat or flat-pitched external surfaces of buildings, in particular for flat roofs or flat-pitched roofs as a waterproof, comprising at least one insulating element made of mineral wool, preferably of rock wool, and having a main surface, and an inner lining element. The invention further relates to a method for producing a thermal and/or acoustic insulation system for flat or flat-pitched external surfaces of buildings, in particular for flat roofs or flat-pitched roofs as a waterproof, which system comprises at least one insulating element made of mineral wool, preferably rock wool, having a main surface, and an inner lining element.

Background

Flat roofs and flat pitched roofs are well known in the art, for example as membrane roof systems, and are generally classified into the following types, depending on where the primary insulation is placed: warm roof, inverted warm roof, roof garden or green roof, cold roof.

Membrane roofing systems are used to protect flat or flat pitched roofs from all weather conditions that may be encountered during their design life. They are usually constructed as single-layer roof systems, in particular for larger roofs, or they consist of bituminous, in particular reinforced bituminous, membranes (RBM). The latter is based on a support, usually polyester, coated with bitumen, mainly two different bitumen layers with different softening properties. They generally apply two or more unfolded sheets on the thermal and/or acoustic insulation elements.

A typical membrane roof system comprises: structural support, a backing sheet providing continuous support, a vapor control layer (if desired), thermal and/or acoustical insulation (if desired), a waterproof membrane or lining, and a shipping or load resistant finish (if desired for functional and/or aesthetic reasons). In warm roofs, the primary thermal and/or acoustic insulation elements are placed directly under the roof covering (i.e. the waterproofing membrane or lining). The three main options for securing the roof system against wind loads are mechanical fastening, bonding/thermal bonding/cold gluing, ballast, wherein the insulation element and the membrane can be attached by the same or different methods.

Preferably, the single layer waterproof membrane or waterproof liner is attached to the base, i.e. the insulation layer, by cold gluing using a suitable cold adhesive. While reinforced asphalt waterproofing membranes (RBMs) are typically constructed by jet flame (torking). In this method, a specially designed asphalt waterproofing membrane is heated from its underside with a gas welding flame to liquefy some of the asphalt without the need for a separate bonding asphalt or glue. Jet flames require special fire and precautionary measures and are not suitable above or near flammable materials.

Cold gluing requires a particularly suitable surface, preferably a flat surface, which should limit the consumption of the adhesive used. Hot-melting of reinforced bitumen waterproofing membranes directly with a jet flame to for example mineral wool insulation elements requires a certain amount of liquefiable bitumen, i.e. a certain thickness of the bitumen layer, to adhere sufficiently to the insulation element, in particular when selecting mineral wool insulation elements which naturally comprise an uneven surface, i.e. corresponding protrusions, which occurs during production.

Thus, in order to glue/adhere the waterproof lining, prior art roofing systems utilize fabrics and fibers facing the external asphalt coating the roof insulation panels to provide an adequate insulation layer surface. These systems of (2) can be used both for cold gluing of single-layer roofs and for jet flames on asphalt-waterproof membranes. However, a disadvantage of these systems is that the binder or liquefied bitumen may diffuse into the barrier layer. Thus, the isolation and/or damping properties of the isolation layer are significantly reduced. In addition, the diffused binder or pitch can result in higher consumption and uncontrolled bond strength, resulting in higher system costs. Furthermore, such binders or the bitumen substantially reduce the fire resistance of the roof insulation system.

WO2013/034376a1 discloses an insulating element for thermal and/or acoustic insulation, for example for flat roofs or flat pitched roofs, comprising: a first layer made of mineral fibres, in particular rock wool fibres; a second layer made of at least one fabric, in particular a filled fleece, wherein the second layer is fixed to a main surface of the first layer by means of an adhesive, wherein the second layer is filled with a filler and has, in combination with the filler, a permeability which allows hot air gases to pass through the second layer and closes the second layer against penetration of glue or adhesive in the direction to the first layer.

Furthermore, WO98/31895 discloses a flat roof composite comprising a resin impregnated mineral fibre layer, a fabric layer having an adhesive impregnated throughout the layer, the adhesive also penetrating into the surface of the mineral fibre layer, and a water impermeable sheet bonded to the fabric layer at this point by the adhesive. The fabric is preferably formed from braided strands of glass fibre filaments. The fabric is combined with a mineral wool insulating core before passing through a curing oven which cures the binder applied to the fibers in the spinning chamber. The size of the pores between the strands and the glass fiber filaments is selected to allow the liquid binder to penetrate into the mineral wool and reduce delamination of the water impermeable sheet.

Both systems described in the prior art can be used for flat roofs or flat pitched roofs of buildings. Both systems are however cost intensive, since the insulation elements have to be prepared by using facings and coatings before they are used on site on the building roof. This means that the insulation element may have a high weight due to the additional coating and its production costs are high.

Alternatively, the enhanced asphalt waterproofing membrane is directly jet flame fused onto, for example, a mineral wool spacer element, resulting in lower wind load resistance due to poor attachment to the untreated mineral wool spacer element surface. For example, see German company C&The commercial product or system offered by Sohn, under the corresponding product name "Hasse Fusion MF". The wind load of the adhesive system, measured according to the ETAG No.006 guidelines, is specified to be 2.500N/m²。

Disclosure of Invention

A new thermal and/or acoustic insulation system for flat or flatly inclined external surfaces of buildings as a waterproof according to the invention comprises at least one insulating element made of mineral wool, preferably of rock wool, and having a main surface, and an inner lining element. The lining element referred to in the sense of the present invention constitutes the first layer of the waterproofing system applied to the insulating element layer. Such lining elements comprise at least: a first layer made of a lining material and a second layer made of a glue or adhesive activatable by heat (e.g. jet flame) and directed towards the main surface of the insulation element, whereby the main surface of the insulation element is free of protrusions, in particular steps and cavities, and is thus flat and whereby the zone connection between the insulation element and the lining element is at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, of the area of the main surface of the insulation element.

Typically, the lining element will consist of a reinforced bitumen waterproofing membrane (RBM) comprising: a first layer made of a bituminous material having a relatively high softening point, and a second layer made of a layer of bituminous material having a low softening point and which is easily activated by heat (e.g. a jet flame). The softening point is the temperature at which the material softens. For bituminous materials, the softening point is used to determine and indicate the quality of the bitumen. The higher the softening point, the higher the melting temperature of the corresponding material.

As a rare alternative and by way of example only, the lining element may comprise a single layer roofing membrane comprising an additional heat-activatable base layer, for example a hot melt adhesive, or comprising a bituminous material as described above.

Insulation elements according to the invention and made of mineral wool, preferably rock wool, are described in european standard EN 13162 entitled "insulation products for buildings-Factory-made Mineral Wool (MW) products" (Thermal insulation products for building-Factory products) ": 2012.

The thermal and/or acoustic insulation system according to the invention has different advantages compared to the prior art. First, since the insulation element has no protrusions, in particular steps, and of course no cavities, the lining element can be in direct contact with approximately the entire main surface area of the insulation element, instead of being fixed only to the protrusions, i.e. the aforementioned steps, which are such that the lining element is not in contact with the surface of the insulation element between the protrusions. This step is the result of a hardening step in a hardening device, respectively a curing oven, through which the uncured insulation elements, i.e. the non-woven primary web of mineral fibres and binder, are conveyed, thereby curing the binder. Such hardening devices are usually equipped, at a distance, with two conveyors running in parallel, each conveyor having a plurality of metal plates with holes through which hot air is blown from one conveyor, over the spacer elements and towards the second conveyor. These metal sheets are pressed onto the main surface of the insulating element, thereby forming a step represented by the fibre material standing up through the hole in the metal sheet, which is solidified in the same way as the rest of the insulating element. The holes in the metal sheets of the hardening device and at the respective joints between the metal sheets represent about 30% to 40% of the conveyor surface area. This means that the isolation element comprises the same number of steps protruding from its main surface.

Since the insulating element according to the invention has no protrusions in the area of the main surface that is to be covered by the lining element, it is possible to connect the lining element and the insulating element using much less adhesive or glue in order to achieve a virtually full-surface bond. The use of less binder increases the fire resistance of the thermal and/or acoustic insulation system compared to the prior art and further reduces the cost of producing such a system.

Since less adhesive or glue or bitumen is required to join the lining element and the spacer element, the second layer of lining element providing the bond may be optimized to contain only the required amount of adhesive or glue or bitumen necessary to ensure proper bonding. The result is therefore a reduction in the thickness of the lining element, in particular of the second layer, and the production costs thereof.

Another aspect is the time required for fixing the lining element on the insulating element, which is considerably reduced since the adhesive or glue is applied to the layer made of lining material and is in direct contact with the insulating element. According to the prior art, the adhesive (mainly bitumen) is part of the lining material, whereby the lining material is heated to the melting temperature of the bitumen and then pressed onto the insulation element, thereby connecting the bitumen lining material and the insulation element. With respect to the present invention, less energy is required because less adhesive needs to be heated.

The area connection of the lining element to the insulation element is achieved by a connection area of at least 70% of the area of the main surfaces of the insulation element. The layered structure is achieved by heating the strip of glue or adhesive layer and then bringing the tacky adhesive into contact with the spacer element. Preferably, the layered connection region extends perpendicular to the length direction of the lining element.

According to another feature of the invention, the spacer element has at least two layers of different bulk density, whereby the layer with the higher bulk density is in contact with the lining element. The use of a higher bulk density in the area of the interface with the lining element has the advantage that the density of the flat surface area of the spacer element can be made greater, so that the spacer element can be attached to the lining element with a large proportion of adhesive, avoiding that too much adhesive penetrates into the spacer element to be used for establishing a connection between the lining element and the spacer element. Thus, most adhesives can be effectively used for the connection of the spacer element to the lining element.

According to another feature of the invention, the connection between the insulating element and the lining element covers 90% to 99% of the main surface of the insulating element, which improves the connection between the insulating element and the lining element and is more or less equal to the full surface adhesion required for effective transfer of the wind suction.

For thermal and/or acoustic insulation on flat or flat pitched roofs, the so-called peel strength or peel strength is an important feature, which provides a measure for the strength of the connection between the insulation element and the covering or lining element. In other words, the adhesion of the respective lining element on the mineral wool board is important, especially for roof boards; such roof panels must be able to withstand the wind in the installed state. Peel strength or peel strength is measured by an internal method and represents the peel strength to which a product is subjected when it is adhered to a cover or liner element. By testing the peel strength, the cover or liner element as the top layer is removed from the spacer element. The cross-sectional area of the adhesive connection was selected to be one third of the area of the sample. The peel strength is measured perpendicular to the surface of the spacer element to which the lining element (e.g. asphalt waterproofing membrane) is bonded in its length direction. The test specimen is first placed or fixed on a guide rail to vertically peel off the asphalt waterproofing membrane. That is, the isolation element is held vertically in place by the aforementioned rails located at the lower cross beam of a material testing machine (such as may be purchased at zwickrock). However, the guide rails ensure that the sample can be moved in the horizontal direction and no additional shear forces are introduced during testing. One end of the respective asphalt waterproofing membrane is clamped in a mounting fixture at the upper beam and comprises a load cell.

The peel strength for a given length is determined. The dimensions of the test specimen were selected such that the length of the spacer element was 350 mm and the width was 150 mm, and the length of the lining element was 450 mm and the width was 50 mm. A preload of 2.5+/-0.25N is applied and the liner member is torn from the spacer member at a test speed of 100+/-5mm/min to give a peel strength measured in units of [ N/50mm ].

Preferably, the thermal and/or acoustic insulation material has a peel strength perpendicular to the main surface of the insulating element of at least 15[ N/50mm ], preferably at least 18[ N/50mm ]. Peel strength was measured according to the internal measurement method as explained in detail above.

The lining element is typically adhered to the insulation element in the field. Thus, the roof is first built in the normal way using, for example, panels of insulation material. Thereafter, a lining element is applied to one or more panels of insulating material by heating a second layer of glue or adhesive and attaching the heated laminar region to a major surface of the insulating element so that the two become adhered. The improved performance of such a roofing system according to the invention is also dependent on the peel strength according to the invention, which means that a certain force perpendicular to the main surface of the insulating element is required to peel the lining element from the insulating element. The aforementioned peel strength is high enough to avoid peeling during the life of the roof and under normal conditions.

In another aspect, such thermal and/or acoustical insulation systems may be characterized by a resistance to wind lift of at least 3.500N/m²Preferably at least 4.000N/m²So that such a thermal and/or acoustic insulation system can also be used in areas where high wind suction is expected, such as balconies, terraces, etc. in high-rise buildings with more than 10 floors. The wind uplift resistance was measured according to the ETAG No.006 guidelines (3-month version 2000, revised 11-month 2012).

Finally, as regards the thermal and/or acoustic insulation system, it is advantageous if the bulk density of the layer of the insulating element in contact with the lining element is 40% to 100%, preferably 50% to 75%, higher than the bulk density of the layer facing opposite the lining element. By using two layers of the spacer element, one of the advantages as described before is that the adhesive penetrates only a small amount into the spacer element. On the other hand, the use of a second layer of lower bulk density can compensate for a rough surface of the roof or another external surface of the building.

According to another feature of the thermal and/or acoustic system, the second main surface of the insulating element, which is oriented parallel to the main surface of the insulating element, is free of projections, in particular steps, and of cavities, and is thus flat. Such an insulating element thus provides a flat main surface oriented within the system towards the structural support of the building. The structural supports are typically continuous steel or concrete bearing plates and include a vapor control layer if desired. An insulation element comprising a second main surface according to this further feature has the ability to better adhere to the surface of the structural support and to the surface of the vapour control layer, in particular to the surface of the asphalt vapour control layer.

Another aspect of the present invention is a method of making a thermal and/or acoustical insulation system for a flat or flat sloping exterior surface of a building as a waterproof. The method is characterized in that the protrusions, in particular the steps and cavities, are removed from the main surface such that the main surface is flat. The insulation element is then placed on the outer surface of the building with the flat surface facing away from the outer surface of the building. In a next step, the lining element is placed on the flat surface of the insulating element with its glue layer at least partly in contact with the main surface of the insulating element, whereby the glue is heated to its melting temperature by direct contact with the glue using a heat source. Thus, the heating of the lining material can be very limited, thereby saving energy, since the glue or adhesive is heated directly and then brought into contact with the insulation element.

Preferably, the lining element is placed on top of the flat surface of the insulating element in the form of a roll, whereby the upper area of the roll is heated to the melting temperature of the glue, whereby the roll is thereafter unrolled until the heated upper area becomes in contact with the flat surface of the insulating element. In a next step, the next zone of the lining element is heated to be connected with the spacer element. In contrast to the prior art, the surface to be in contact with the lining element is prevented from being in contact with, for example, an open flame, which causes the binder in the insulating element, which is usually an organic binder, to burn and thus be destroyed, which reduces the bonding forces between the fibres. If the bonding forces between the fibers are reduced, more fibers are not connected to the insulation element and result in an incorrect connection of the insulation element to the lining element.

Preferably, the protrusions are removed by sawing and/or grinding from the main surface, and then the fibres not bonded to the isolation element are removed. The protrusions are removed after the spacer elements leave the hardening device by using a grinding device or a saw. During grinding or sawing, many fibers are removed from the insulation element and may remain on the flat surface of the insulation element. These unbonded fibers may reduce the connection between the lining element and the spacer element, and the fibers which are not bonded to the spacer element should be removed by blowing or suction in order to clean the flat surface of the spacer element. An advantage of this method step is that the connection between the spacer element and the lining element can be achieved by using less adhesive or glue.

In accordance with another feature of the method according to the invention, the lining element is connected to the spacer element over at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, of the planar surface of the spacer element. Furthermore, the lining element is connected to an insulating element having at least two layers of different bulk density, whereby the layer with the higher bulk density is in contact with the lining element.

Finally, according to another embodiment of the invention, the lining element is connected to the planar surface of the insulating element, wherein the fibers are mostly oriented perpendicular or at least inclined to the planar surface of the insulating element. This feature has the advantage that the lining elements are fixed to the fibres in the insulation element oriented more or less perpendicular to the flat surface, thereby providing the insulation element with a higher tensile strength and thus a higher peel strength. According to the invention, the projections in one main surface area of the separating element are removed by cutting or grinding these projection areas. It is advantageous to use an insulating element with a meandering layer compressed in the length direction, so that most of the fibres are moved to an upright position, which means almost perpendicular to the main surfaces of the insulating element. The insulation element is moved through the stiffening means and then the protrusions and the area of the insulation element having fibers parallel to at least one main surface are removed by cutting or grinding, so that the insulation element finally has a flat surface, wherein the fibers are oriented mostly perpendicular to said main surface for bonding the lining element.

In order to improve the connection of the insulating element of the thermal and/or acoustic system, in particular by gluing, a second main surface of the insulating element is provided, which is oriented parallel to the main surface of the insulating element, from which the projections, in particular the steps and cavities, are removed so as to be flat.

Such an insulating element thus provides a flat main surface oriented within the system towards the structural support of the building. The structural supports are typically continuous steel or concrete bearing plates and include a vapor control layer if desired. An insulation element comprising a second main surface according to this further feature has a better ability to adhere to the surface of the structural support and to the surface of the vapour control layer, in particular to the surface of the asphalt vapour control layer.

Drawings

The present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings that show preferred embodiments of the invention. The drawings are shown in:

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a prior art flat roof;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a flat roof according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 mounting a lining element on top of an insulation element according to the prior art;

FIG. 4 is a view of the installation of a lining element on top of an insulation element according to the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a liner element; and

fig. 6 preparation of the insulation element prior to application of the lining element to the major surface of the insulation element.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a known prior art thermal and/or acoustic insulation system for flat roofs 1 as a flashing, comprising a structural support 2, for example a continuous steel support plate, a vapour control layer 3, a mineral wool insulation element and an inner lining element 5 arranged on top of said insulation element 4.

The insulating element 4 comprises mineral fibres, in particular asbestos fibres, and an organic binder, for example a phenolic binder with added silane. The adhesive is hardened in a not shown hardening device, resulting in a protrusion 6 at the top of the main surface 7 facing the lining element 5.

The lining element 5 is glued to the projections 6 so as not to be in contact with the main surface 7.1 between the projections 6.

The lining element 5 is made of an asphalt layer which can be heated to a temperature at which the asphalt melts, thereby connecting the asphalt layer to the protrusion 6. In order to attach lining element 5 to main surface 7.1, a large amount of bitumen must be introduced into the area between projections 6 to improve the attachment between insulation element 4 and lining element 5.

Fig. 2 shows a flat roof 1 according to the invention in a schematic side view. The flat roof 1 likewise comprises structural supports 2 and a vapour control layer 3. A mineral wool insulation element 4 is arranged on top of the vapour control layer 3 covering the support 2.

The insulating element 4 has a main surface without protrusions and/or cavities, so that the main surface 7.2 is flat and ready for fixing the lining element 5 on top of the main surface 7.2.

The lining element 5 shown in more detail in fig. 5 comprises: a first layer 8 made of lining material and a second layer 9 made of glue or adhesive that can be activated by heat. Thus, the second layer 9 comprises or is made of a thermosetting adhesive. The second layer 9 is very thin and has a thickness of about 0.5 to 2mm compared to the first layer 8, which makes it possible to activate the thermosetting adhesive with less thermal energy in a short time compared to and contrary to the prior art-prior art bitumen waterproofing membranes comprise a thicker second layer of bitumen larger than 3mm, which requires a large amount of heat to make the bitumen active and adhesive.

Fig. 6 shows in more detail the insulating element 4 for the thermal and/or acoustic insulation system according to the invention. According to fig. 6, the spacer element 4 has two layers 10 and 11 of different density and thickness. As can be seen from fig. 6, layer 11 has a lower density and a higher thickness than layer 10.

Fig. 6 furthermore shows a blade 12 for removing a thin layer 13 of the layer 11. By removing layer 13, a portion of major surface 7.1 having protrusions 6 (i.e. steps) and a portion of layer 11 having fibers oriented parallel to major surface 7.1 are removed. As a result, the main fibres in layer 11 are oriented perpendicular to main surface 7.1, avoiding fibres oriented parallel to main surface 7.2.

Finally, fig. 3 and 4 show a method of applying the lining element 5 to the main surface 7.1 or 7.2 of the insulating element 4.

Fig. 3 represents the prior art and shows a flame 14 provided by a burner 15, such as a gas welding torch, which flame 14 is directed into a crotch portion 16 provided between a roll 17 of a conventional asphalt lining element 5 and the main surface 7.1 of the insulating element 4. The use of this flame 14 in the crotch portion 16 means that the main surface 7.1 of the insulating element 4 is heated, thereby burning the adhesive between the fibres at least in the area of the main surface 7.1. The organic binder between the fibers can already be destroyed by temperatures of about 200 c. Breaking the adhesive means that part of the fibres of the insulating element 4 are no longer bound, thus reducing the peel strength of the insulating element 4. As a result, a large amount of adhesive of the lining element 5 has to be used for attaching the lining element 5 to the insulating element 4, as fibres are captured in the adhesive, thereby attaching unbound fibres in the surface area of the main surface 7.1 of the insulating element 4. That is, this manner of heating the prior art lining element 5 is necessary anyway for liquefying a sufficient amount of adhesive or bitumen to ensure a proper connection.

In contrast to this, according to the invention, the flame 14 of the burner 15 is used only to heat a region 18 of the surface of the lining element 5, said lining element 5 being arranged as a roll 17 on top of the flat surface 7.2 of the spacer element 4. The useful area 18 after heating is indicated by the arrow 19 in fig. 4. It can be seen that the flame 14 is not in contact with the main surface 7.2 of the insulating element 4, thus preventing the destruction of the adhesive between the fibres.

After the zone 18 of the roll 17 has been heated to the melting temperature of the adhesive, the roll 17 is unrolled partly, for example along the length of the arrow 19, to attach the tacky adhesive to the main surface 7.2 of the insulating element 4.

Of course, a plurality of spacer elements 4 are used side by side on top of the roof, and it is necessary to use lining elements 5 arranged side by side and partially overlapping. Thus, the adhesive used for connecting the lining element 5 to the spacer element 4 can also be used for connecting two lining elements 5 arranged side by side and partially overlapping each other.

Reference numerals:

1 Flat roof

2 support piece

3 vapor control layer

4 isolating element

5 inner lining element

6 projection

7.1 major surface

7.2 major surface

8 first layer

9 second layer

10 layers of

11 layers of

12 blade

13 layers of

14 flame

15 burner (gas welding torch)

16 crotch part

17 volume

18 region

19 arrow head