阅读说明：本技术 一种微型一体化光纤陀螺仪 (A kind of micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope ) 是由 杨双收 冯震 吴迪 岳叶 张海峰 于 2018-05-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明实施例涉及陀螺仪技术领域,公开了一种微型一体化光纤陀螺仪,包括：薄膜太阳能电池以及与薄膜太阳能电池连接的控制芯片、与控制芯片连接的热敏电阻温度传感器、与控制芯片连接的TEC降温器、与控制芯片连接的第一信号回路以及第二信号回路,薄膜太阳能电池用于为光纤陀螺仪提供工作电源；第二信号回路包括：依次连接在探测器输出端的前置放大电路、模数转换电路、处理器、数模转换电路、后置放大电路,其中,后置放大电路的输出端与Y波导的输入端连接。本发明的实施例一方面使得光纤陀螺仪的体积更小、功能更强大,另一方面还使得光纤陀螺仪在工作过程中温度可控,提高了光纤陀螺仪的测量精度。(The present embodiments relate to gyroscope technology fields, disclose a kind of micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope, it include: that thin-film solar cells and the control chip connecting with thin-film solar cells, the thermistor temperature sensor connecting with control chip, the TEC cooler connecting with control chip, the first signal circuit connecting with control chip and second signal circuit, thin-film solar cells are used to provide working power for fibre optic gyroscope；Second signal circuit includes: the pre-amplification circuit for being connected to detector output end in turn, analog to digital conversion circuit, processor, D/A converting circuit, postposition amplifying circuit, wherein the output end of postposition amplifying circuit and the input terminal of Y waveguide connect.On the one hand the embodiment of the present invention makes the volume of fibre optic gyroscope smaller, with better function, on the other hand also make fibre optic gyroscope temperature-controllable during the work time, improve the measurement accuracy of fibre optic gyroscope.)

1. a kind of micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope characterized by comprising thin-film solar cells and with the film too The control chip of positive energy battery connection, the thermistor temperature sensor and the control chip being connect with the control chip The TEC cooler of connection, the first signal circuit being connect with the control chip and second signal circuit, the film sun Energy battery is used to provide working power for the fibre optic gyroscope；

First signal circuit includes: light source driver module, the light source connecting with the light source driver module, detector, light Source coupler, Lyot type Fibre Optic Depolarizer, Y waveguide, polarization beam combiner, optical fiber adjust ring, polarization beam apparatus and polarization maintaining optical fibre Ring, wherein the light source and detector are connect with the input terminal of the light source coupler respectively, and one of the light source coupler Output end is connected with the Lyot type Fibre Optic Depolarizer and Y waveguide in turn；The output end of the Y waveguide is connected in turn described inclined Vibration bundling device, optical fiber adjust ring connected with polarization beam apparatus, two beam splitting ports of the polarization beam apparatus respectively with the guarantor Inclined fiber optic loop connection；Wherein, the light source selects the wide range SLD light source or ASE light source with high-polarization；

The second signal circuit includes: the pre-amplification circuit for being connected to the detector output end in turn, analog-to-digital conversion electricity Road, processor, D/A converting circuit, postposition amplifying circuit, wherein the output end and the Y waveguide of the postposition amplifying circuit Input terminal connection.

2. micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the polarization beam apparatus with it is described The connected angle of polarization-maintaining fiber coil is 0 degree.

3. micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the polarization beam combiner with it is described The connected angle of Y waveguide is 90 degree.

4. micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light source coupler is led directly to Output polarization extinction ratio >=20dB of arm.

5. micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light source coupler is 2 × 2 Or 1 × 2 structure coupler.

6. micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the polarization beam apparatus is selected PBS-1*2-1550-S-N type polarization beam apparatus.

7. micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the detector is PFTM901- 001 type photodetector.

8. micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the processor is for posture The fpga chip of resolving.

9. micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light source coupler is to use The coupler of melting cone type panda protecting polarized light fiber coupler preparation method preparation.

10. described in any item micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscopes according to claim 1~9, which is characterized in that the polarization-maintaining light Fine ring is the fiber optic coils of polarization maintaining optical fibre coiling.

Technical field

The present embodiments relate to gyroscope technology field, in particular to a kind of micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope.

Background technique

Modern gyroscope is a kind of instrument in orientation that can be accurately determined moving object, it be modern Aviation, navigation, Widely used a kind of inertial navigation instrument in space flight and national defense industry, its development to a national industry, national defence and its Its high-tech development has highly important strategic importance.

Traditional inertial gyroscope is primarily referred to as mechanical gyroscope, requirement of the mechanical gyroscope to process structure Very high, structure is complicated, its precision receives very various restrictions.Since eighties of last century the seventies, modern gyro The development of instrument has come into a completely new stage.

Fibre optic gyroscope is the sensing element based on optical fiber coil, the light court launched by laser diode Both direction is propagated along optical fiber.The change of propagation path of light determines the angular displacement of sensing element.

Fibre optic gyroscope compared with traditional mechanical gyroscope, advantage be it is all solid state, without rotary part and friction member, Service life is long, and dynamic range is big, and instantaneous starting, structure is simple, and size is small, light-weight.Compared with lasergyro, fibre optic gyroscope There is no latch-up problem, goes out optical path without in quartz wedge Precision Machining, it is at low cost.

The realization of fibre optic gyroscope is based primarily upon Sai Genike theory: when light beam advances in an annular channel, If circular passage itself has a velocity of rotation, the time required for the direction that light is rotated along channel is advanced is wanted It is more than rotating the time required for opposite direction is advanced along this channel.That is when optical loop rotates, In In different directions of advance, the light path of optical loop can all generate variation relative to light path of loop when static.Utilize light path Variation, detect the phase difference of two optical paths or the variation of interference fringe, so that it may measure optical path angular velocity of rotation, this is The working principle of fibre optic gyroscope.

Small in size, the service life is long, other than high reliablity, should also have relevant length in addition to requiring for light source used in fibre optic gyroscope Spend the features such as short, spectrum width is wider and wavelength stability is good.Due in fibre optic gyroscope optical device to the dependence of optical wavelength, Even if the good SLD light source of spectrum, after output light passes through light path system, spectral characteristic can also be deteriorated, wherein to optical fibre gyro Instrument performance influences maximum to be that the modulation degree of spectrum is changed.For mixed polarisation fiber gyroscope, generally disappeared using light source Inclined method solves influence suffered by spectral modulation.Studies have shown that in fiber-optic gyroscope light path, into the light wave of Y waveguide Degree of polarization is lower, and to the rear by rising, influence suffered by Spectral modulation depth is smaller.Although the depolarized light source that can reduce of light source itself is sent out Penetrate the degree of polarization of light wave, but it is depolarized after light wave just to enter Y waveguide after one section of non-polarization-maintaining optical path (light source coupler).Light Wave passes through non-polarization-maintaining optical path, and the polarization state (degree of polarization) of light wave can change, and then there is the hidden danger of depolarized failure.

Although fibre optic gyroscope has very high accuracy and sensitivity, present fibre optic gyroscope has reached 0.01 degree/hr. But fibre optic gyroscope is affected to its output accuracy as high-precision photoelectric device, variation of ambient temperature, and in optical fiber In the actual working environment of gyroscope, operating ambient temperature Possible waves are very big, and fluctuating big environment temperature can greatly reduce The reliability and precision of fibre optic gyroscope output.On the one hand, the variation of environment temperature makes the refractive index and medium of fiber core Thermal expansion coefficient and the area of fiber optic loop change, to influence transmission of the light in medium, directly influence pair The stability of the constant multiplier of rotational angle detection；On the other hand, heat radiation causes fiber optic loop localized temperature gradients, causes left and right Optically-active road light path differs, and so as to cause nonreciprocal phase shift, this nonreciprocal phase offset will be superimposed upon to be produced by Sagnac effect In raw nonreciprocal phase shift, to influence the precision of fibre optic gyroscope.

Summary of the invention

Embodiment of the present invention is designed to provide a kind of micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope, on the one hand makes optical fiber top The volume of spiral shell instrument is smaller, with better function, on the other hand also makes fibre optic gyroscope temperature-controllable during the work time, improves The measurement accuracy of fibre optic gyroscope.

In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope, one Kind micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope, comprising: thin-film solar cells and the control chip being connect with thin-film solar cells, The thermistor temperature sensor that connect with control chip, with control TEC cooler that chip connect, with control chip and connect First signal circuit and second signal circuit, thin-film solar cells are used to provide working power for fibre optic gyroscope；

First signal circuit includes: light source driver module, the light source connecting with light source driver module, detector, light source coupling Clutch, Lyot type Fibre Optic Depolarizer, Y waveguide, polarization beam combiner, optical fiber adjust ring, polarization beam apparatus and polarization-maintaining fiber coil, Wherein, light source and detector are connect with the input terminal of light source coupler respectively, and an output end of light source coupler is sequentially connected There are Lyot type Fibre Optic Depolarizer and Y waveguide；The output end of Y waveguide is connected with polarization beam combiner in turn, optical fiber adjusts ring and polarization Beam splitter connection, two beam splitting ports of polarization beam apparatus are connect with polarization-maintaining fiber coil respectively；Wherein, light source, which is selected, has height partially The wide range SLD light source or ASE light source of vibration degree；

Second signal circuit includes: the pre-amplification circuit, analog to digital conversion circuit, place for being connected to detector output end in turn Manage device, D/A converting circuit, postposition amplifying circuit, wherein the output end of postposition amplifying circuit and the input terminal of Y waveguide connect.

Each functional module in terms of existing technologies, is on the one hand integrated into a control electricity by embodiment of the present invention Lu Zhong so that the volume of fibre optic gyroscope is smaller, with better function, on the other hand by setting thermistor temperature sensor with And the TEC cooler being connect with control chip, also make fibre optic gyroscope temperature-controllable during the work time, improves optical fiber top The measurement accuracy of spiral shell instrument.

Preferably, the angle that polarization beam apparatus is connected with polarization-maintaining fiber coil is 0 degree.

Preferably, the angle that polarization beam combiner is connected with Y waveguide is 90 degree.

Preferably, output polarization extinction ratio >=20dB of the straight-through arm of light source coupler.

Preferably, light source coupler is the coupler of 2 × 2 or 1 × 2 structure.

Preferably, polarization beam apparatus selects PBS-1*2-1550-S-N type polarization beam apparatus.

Preferably, detector is PFTM901-001 type photodetector.

Preferably, processor is the fpga chip for attitude algorithm.

Preferably, light source coupler is the coupler prepared using melting cone type panda protecting polarized light fiber coupler preparation method.

Preferably, polarization-maintaining fiber coil is the fiber optic coils of polarization maintaining optical fibre coiling.

Detailed description of the invention

One or more embodiments are illustrated by the picture in corresponding attached drawing, these exemplary theorys The bright restriction not constituted to embodiment, the element in attached drawing with same reference numbers label are expressed as similar element, remove Non- to have special statement, composition does not limit the figure in attached drawing.

Fig. 1 is micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the first signal circuit schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is second signal circuit diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to the present invention Each embodiment be explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in each embodiment party of the present invention In formula, in order to make the reader understand this application better, many technical details are proposed.But even if without these technical details And various changes and modifications based on the following respective embodiments, the application technical solution claimed also may be implemented.

Embodiments of the present invention are related to a kind of micro-integrated fibre optic gyroscope, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, comprising: film is too Positive energy battery 1 and the control chip 2 connecting with thin-film solar cells 1, the thermistor temp connecting with control chip 2 pass Sensor 3, the TEC cooler 4 being connect with control chip 2, the first signal circuit 5 being connect with control chip 2 and second signal Circuit 6, thin-film solar cells 1 are used to provide working power for fibre optic gyroscope；

Specifically, thin-film solar cells 1 can convert solar energy into electric energy, use thin-film solar cells 1 as light It is inconvenient to avoid the installation of external power supply bring in this way for the power supply of fiber gyroscope electrical component.

Thermistor temperature sensor 3 can detecte the operating temperature of control chip 2, and the control chip that will test 2 operating temperature is sent to TEC cooler 4, TEC cooling vessel 4 according to the operating temperature of control chip 2 to control chip 2 into Row cooling.

First signal circuit 5 includes: light source driver module 7, the light source connecting with light source driver module 78, detector 9, light Source coupler 10, Lyot type Fibre Optic Depolarizer 11, Y waveguide 12, polarization beam combiner 13, optical fiber adjust ring 14, polarization beam apparatus 15 And polarization-maintaining fiber coil 16, wherein light source 8 and detector 9 are connect with the input terminal of light source coupler 10 respectively, light source coupler 10 output end is connected with Lyot type Fibre Optic Depolarizer 11 and Y waveguide 12 in turn；The output end of Y waveguide 12 is connected in turn Polarization beam combiner 13, optical fiber adjust ring 14 and polarization beam apparatus 15 and connect, two beam splitting ports of 15 device of polarization beam splitting respectively with Polarization-maintaining fiber coil 16 connects；Wherein, light source 8 selects the wide range SLD light source or ASE light source with high-polarization；

Wherein, polarization-maintaining fiber coil 16 is detected using MCVD prefabricated rods preparation system, fiber drawing tower, PK2600 prefabricated rods System, PK2500 optical fiber measurement equipments etc. have developed resistance to grinding, the big thin footpath polarization maintaining optical fibre for clapping long, high-NA thin footpath, The characteristics of optical fiber, includes: that 1) optical fiber can directly carry out bevel ground polishing and proof stress area does not crack, and then will be ground Optical fiber bonded with Y waveguide device, instead of traditional fusion joining process, reduce fusing point to the shadow of fiber optic gyroscope performance It rings；2) (traditional direct 80um of polarization maintaining optical fibre covering, numerical aperture are small greater than 0.2 for the direct 60um of the fibre cladding, numerical aperture In 0.17), therefore the resistance to bend(ing) energy of optical fiber is greatly improved, is miniature (optical fiber ring diameter the is less than 15mm) optical fiber of coiling Gyroscope provides good basis.By using the fibre optic gyroscope for the polarization-maintaining fiber coil coiling that new fusion joining process obtains It can be better than 1 °/h.

ASE light source, ASE, Amplified can be used in the light source 8 of fibre optic gyroscope in the embodiment of the present invention The abbreviation of Spontaneous Emission, Chinese name are as follows: amplified spontaneous emission, ASE light source are that a kind of high stable, high power are defeated Light source out, while there is very low degree of polarization；The light source 3 of fibre optic gyroscope in the embodiment of the present invention can also be used SLD light source, SLD, the abbreviation of Super Luminescent Diode, Chinese name are as follows: super-radiance light emitting diode, SLD light source Have the advantages that high optical power, wide spectrum and preferable wavelength stability.

Second signal circuit 6 includes: the pre-amplification circuit 17 for being connected to 9 output end of detector in turn, analog-to-digital conversion electricity Road 18, processor 19, D/A converting circuit 20, postposition amplifying circuit 21, wherein the output end and Y wave of postposition amplifying circuit 21 Lead 12 input terminal connection.

The optical signal of light source 8 generation wavelength and power stability, is connected with light source coupler 10.Optical signal passes through light source couples Device 10 enters Y waveguide 12, and light beam is divided into three beams coherent light by Y waveguide 12, and can carry out phase tune to coherent light signal System.Optical fiber adjusts the component that ring 14 is sensitive angular speed.Three-beam adjusts ring 14 by optical fiber and is returned to Y waveguide 12, occurs dry It relates to.Interference light enters detector 9 by light source coupler 10, and light intensity signal is converted to voltage signal by detector 9.

The terminal of first signal circuit 5 is converted to electric signal through detector 9 and exports to second signal circuit 6, second signal Circuit 6 includes the pre-amplification circuit for being connected to detector output end in turn, analog to digital conversion circuit, processor, digital-to-analogue conversion electricity Road, postposition amplifying circuit, pre-amplification circuit are connect with detector, and postposition amplifying circuit is connect with Y waveguide.Light source passes through light source Coupler supplies light energy to each sensing element head.The terminal of first signal circuit is summarized by detector undertaking, and process is preposition Amplifying circuit, analog to digital conversion circuit are converted into digital signal, by processor implement gyro algorithm, then by digital analog converter, Postposition amplifying circuit drives Y waveguide to carry out photo-electric control, completes entire working cycles, the result that simultaneous processor obtains processing It is exported by the output interface on fibre optic gyroscope.

Processor of the invention is to be integrated with the fpga chip of angular speed solving unit and attitude algorithm unit, can be directly defeated Attitude orientation angle out.

Due to the needs of signal demodulation, the length of polarization-maintaining fiber coil inner fiber is that have certain limitation, it is ensured that measurement Precision, fiber lengths need to reach 150 meters or more, but this meeting is so that the volume of polarization-maintaining fiber coil becomes larger, and much applies at present There are strict requirements in place to the volume size of polarization-maintaining fiber coil, this just makes between the measurement accuracy of fibre optic gyroscope and volume There are contradictions.This fibre optic gyroscope provided by the invention adds sequentially connected polarization between Y waveguide and polarization-maintaining fiber coil Bundling device, optical fiber adjust ring and polarization beam apparatus, so that by changing eigenfrequency on the basis of not changing polarization-maintaining fiber coil To guarantee required measurement accuracy.Compared with prior art, this fibre optic gyroscope provided by the invention, may be implemented polarization maintaining optical fibre The separation of ring and other component, optical fiber adjust the transmission of the light of carrying both direction in the component between ring and polarization-maintaining fiber coil, The influence to polarization-maintaining fiber coil measurement is fundamentally avoided, the applicable model of this fibre optic gyroscope provided by the invention has been expanded It encloses, further improves the measurement accuracy and reliability of gyroscope.

Because of the angular speed variation that entire optical path only has polarization-maintaining fiber coil to be capable of sensitive induction carrier, and optical fiber is adjusted in ring The orthogonal light beam of two-way direction of vibration be stringent reciprocity to the sensitivity of external information, in subsequent interferometric demodulation process In, optical fiber, which adjusts ring, will not issue interference signal, to ensure that the measurement accuracy of polarization-maintaining fiber coil, solve fibre optic gyroscope Contradiction between volume and measurement accuracy.

Polarization-maintaining fiber coil obtains carrier information, and passes sequentially through polarization beam apparatus, optical fiber adjusting ring and polarization beam combiner, In It is interfered at Y waveguide, interference signal is transferred to detector after monomode coupler, handles later using electric signal circuit Obtain the angular velocity information of carrier.

Specifically, the angle that polarization beam apparatus is connected with polarization-maintaining fiber coil is 0 degree.

Specifically, the angle that polarization beam combiner is connected with Y waveguide is 90 degree.

Specifically, output polarization extinction ratio >=20dB of the straight-through arm of light source coupler.

Specifically, light source coupler is the coupler of 2 × 2 or 1 × 2 structure.

Specifically, polarization beam apparatus selects PBS-1*2-1550-S-N type polarization beam apparatus.

Specifically, detector is PFTM901-001 type photodetector.

Specifically, processor is the fpga chip for attitude algorithm, FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), i.e. field programmable gate array, it is further developed on the basis of the programming devices such as PAL, GAL, CPLD Product.It is that occur as one of the field specific integrated circuit (ASIC) semi-custom circuit, has both solved customization electricity The deficiency on road, and overcome the limited disadvantage of original programming device gate circuit number.

With the circuit design that hardware description language (Verilog or VHDL) is completed, simple synthesis and cloth can be passed through Office, is quickly burned on FPGA and is tested, and is the technology mainstream of modern IC designs verifying.These editable elements can be by For realizing some basic logic gates (such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT) or more more complicated combination function such as Decoder or mathematical equation.Inside most of FPGA, also for example touched comprising memory cell in these editable elements Send out device (Flip-flop) or other more complete block of memory.

System designer, which can according to need, connects the logical block inside FPGA by editable connection, all right As a breadboard has been placed in a chip.The logical block of finished product FPGA after one factory and connection can be according to Designer and change, so FPGA can complete required logic function.

FPGA is in general slow than the speed of ASIC (specific integrated circuit), realizes same function than ASIC circuit face Product is big.But they also have the advantages that it is many such as can quick finished product, can be modified to correction program in mistake and Cheaper cost.

Specifically, light source coupler is the coupler prepared using melting cone type panda protecting polarized light fiber coupler preparation method.

Specifically, polarization-maintaining fiber coil is the fiber optic coils of polarization maintaining optical fibre coiling.

Compared with prior art, on the one hand the embodiment of the present invention makes the volume of fibre optic gyroscope smaller, with better function, On the other hand also make fibre optic gyroscope temperature-controllable during the work time, improve the measurement accuracy of fibre optic gyroscope.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the respective embodiments described above are to realize specific embodiments of the present invention, And in practical applications, can to it, various changes can be made in the form and details, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.