阅读说明：本技术 电子开关 (Electronic switch ) 是由 约尔格·格斯曼 于 2020-03-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于打开和/或关闭电气设备的电子开关10,并且为此在开关外壳11中设有有接触系统41、61。通过手动操作元件20或者遥控致动器30,实现切换操作。(The invention relates to an electronic switch 10 for switching electrical devices on and/or off, and for this purpose a contact system 41, 61 is provided in a switch housing 11. The switching operation is realized by the manual operation element 20 or the remote actuator 30.)

1. An electronic switch (10) having a housing (11), comprising:

a manually operable element (20), wherein the operable element (20) is movably mounted and has two different operating positions corresponding to two different switch positions;

the housing (11) comprises at least two contacts (41, 61) inside, each contact (41, 61) is led out of the housing (11) as an electric connecting terminal (15, 16), one of the contacts is a fixed contact (61), and the other contact is a movable contact (41);

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the shell (11) is also provided with a bistable actuator (30) for remote control;

the operating element (20) interacts directly or indirectly with a control rod (50) of the bistable actuator (30);

-the operating element (20), the lever (50) of the bistable actuator (30) and the movable contact (41) are mutually coupled;

so that the operating element (20) can be switched manually or remotely into another switching position.

2. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the bistable actuator (30) is provided with a permanent magnet (32) between the two half-yokes (34, 35);

wherein a closed magnetic circuit is formed by the contact of the actuator (30) with the arms (53, 54) of the control rod (50) due to the magnetic flux (A, B) with permanent magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet (32) such that the control rod (50) is in a self-retaining position,

wherein on both sides of the actuator (30) there are respective field windings (21) which, when energised, generate an electromagnetic flux in a direction opposite to that of the permanent magnetic flux.

3. Switch according to claim 2, characterized in that the position of the control rod (50) is switched by the electromagnetic flux generated in the contact of the half yokes (34, 35) of the actuator (30) with one arm (53, 54) of the control rod (50), whereby either arm (53, 54) of the control rod (50) is held on the actuator (30) in each position by a closed permanent magnetic path, even in the absence of electromagnetic flux.

4. A switch according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that electrical connection terminals (17, 18) are used for activating the excitation winding (31), said electrical connection terminals (17, 18) being connected to a printed circuit board (19) arranged in the housing.

5. Switch according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that one arm (54) of the control rod (50) extends beyond its contact point with the actuator (30), the control rod (50) being coupled by this arm (54) to a transmission element (52) connecting the movable contact (41).

6. Switch according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the movable contact (41) is arranged on a contact spring (40), wherein the engaging end (44) of an angled arm (43) on the contact spring (40) engages with the transmission element (52), and the other end of the contact spring (40) is connected with the printed circuit board (19) or directly with an electrical connection terminal (15).

7. Switch according to claim 6, characterized in that the contact point on the contact spring (40) is arranged at the free end of a spring tongue (42).

8. Switch according to claim 7, characterized in that in the open position the spring tongue (42) is kept separated from the contact spring (40), i.e. in the direction towards the fixed contact (61), separation being achieved by a stop (33) on the actuator (30).

9. Switch according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in the on position the contact spring (40) is kept separated from the spring tongue (42), separation being achieved by the fixed contact (61), which overshoot in turn increases the contact force.

10. Switch according to any of claims 7-9, characterized in that an additional contact is provided in the housing (11) as a fixed contact to perform the function of a diverter switch, which replaces the stop (33) of the actuator (30), and that the spring tongue (42) is provided with contacts (41) on both sides.

11. Switch according to any of claims 1-10, characterized in that the operating element (20) is a rocker (22), which rocker (22) is provided with a slot guide (23) below its pivot (21), in which slot guide the drive head (51) of the control lever (50) engages;

wherein the rocker (22) is connected to the control lever (50) by means of a slot guide (23) such that the two switch positions defined by the rocker (22) and the two specific assigned positions of the rocker (22) come from the two possible stable positions of the control lever when the yoke is closed.

12. Switch according to claim 11, characterized in that said control lever (50) is pivotally mounted on said bistable actuator (11) with a pivot bearing point below said driving head (51) and above said actuator (30).

13. Switch according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said operating element (20) is a slider (24), said slider (24) having a housing for receiving a driving head (51) of said control rod (50).

14. Switch according to any of claims 1-13, characterized in that one position of the operating element (20) indicates an on position and another position of the operating element (20) indicates an off position, whether manually operated or remotely switched.

15. A switch according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that additional electronic control or display elements are arranged in or on the housing (11).

[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

[ background of the invention ]

Known electronic switches are usually used for switching electronic devices on and/or off, for which purpose a contact system is provided in the switch housing. The switching operation is effected by a manually operable element, such as a rocker or a slider. The position of the rocker or slider indicates the on or off position of the switch.

From DE19802332B4 and DE102013008128a1 solutions are described for moving a rocker by means of a controllable actuator actively connected with an operating element. However, this switching of the contact system is effected in only one of the switch positions. Furthermore, the rocker switch behaves differently when manually turned on and off. However, there is a need for a rocker switch having a uniform tactile feel during the switching on and off.

In addition, in order to integrate electrical devices into the internet of things, the devices must be networked with each other. For such a system (IOT), it is a prerequisite that the rocker switch can be controlled by the actuator in both switch positions of the operating element. This requires an actuator that is capable of actively generating motion in both directions, which is not possible with the above-mentioned actuators. Such remote-controlled rocker switches are described in documents DE102016101016 and DE 102016101017.

[ summary of the invention ]

It is an object of the invention to provide a switch which can be operated manually and remotely in two switch positions, the two switch operations having the same effect, i.e. with the same switching force and the same switch haptic.

This object is achieved by a switch having the features of claim 1. The dependent claims describe preferred embodiments.

The new electronic switches have an operating element, for example a rocker or a slider, for manual operation, which is mounted movably and can be provided with two different operating positions. A contact system having at least one movable contact and at least one fixed contact is disposed in the housing. Electrical connection terminals lead out of the housing from these contacts. The operating element is not directly connected to the movable contact. In order to transmit a manual movement to the contact element holding the movable contact when the operating element is actuated, a transmission mechanism is provided which interacts with the operating element on the one hand and with the movable contact on the other hand for closing a load circuit in an actuating position corresponding to a switching position, for example a switched-on position, and for interrupting the load circuit in an actuating position corresponding to a further switching position, for example a switched-off position.

Furthermore, in addition to the manual operation of the push button as described above, the switch can be switched from one switch position to another by remote control. This remotely controlled switching is achieved by means of a bistable actuator arranged in the switch housing. The actuator has an E-shaped core consisting of two half yokes and a permanent magnet disposed in the middle.

In one embodiment, the switch has a rocker as the operating element. The transmission mechanism is a pivoting lever on the actuator which engages with its drive head in a slot guide on a rocker arranged below its pivot. Instead of such a direct coupling, an indirect coupling via intermediate elements is also possible to adapt the transmission ratio. The lever is also directly or indirectly connected to a contact spring provided with the movable contact. The pivoting lever has two arms. Depending on the pivoting position of the control lever, one arm contacts the bistable actuator and forms a closed magnetic circuit by contact. The permanent magnet generates a permanent magnetic flux to maintain the switch position of the control lever. The switch position can be cancelled by generating a further magnetic field. For this purpose, an excitation winding is provided on both sides of the actuator. Electromagnetic flux may be generated by energizing the field winding. The field winding is wound in such a way that during energization an electromagnetic flux is generated, which is in the opposite direction to the permanent magnetic flux, so that the closed magnetic circuit is extinguished at half of the yoke and the arm of the control rod is no longer attracted. The magnetic flux present in the other half of the yoke exerts an attractive force on the other arm of the lever, causing the lever to pivot. Advantageously, the control rod is coupled to the contact spring, so that a force supporting the switching is generated in the respective contact position.

In another embodiment of the switch, manual operation is through a slider interacting with a pivoting lever on the bi-stable actuator. Likewise, the pivoting lever on the actuator acts as a transmission mechanism which engages with its drive head in a receptacle on the slide. In addition to such direct coupling, indirect coupling is also possible. The control rod is also directly or indirectly connected to the contact spring.

In a further embodiment, the switch comprises a housing and at least two contacts located inside the housing, each contact exiting the housing as an electrical connection terminal, one contact being designed as a fixed contact and the other as a movable contact. The new electronic switch comprises an operating assembly having two different actuating positions corresponding to the two different switch positions, and a bistable actuator for remote control integrated in the switch housing, wherein the operating assembly interacts directly or indirectly with a control member of said actuator. The operating assembly, the control member of the bistable actuator and the movable contact are forcibly coupled to one another so that a new electronic switch can be remotely switched from one switch position to another.

The heart of the electronic switch of the invention is a bistable actuator with two half yokes and a permanent magnet. In the passive state of the excitation winding, i.e. when the coils are not activated, the permanent magnetic flux holds the arms of the control rod on the actuator and pulls them steadily onto the respective yoke. Depending on which arm is fixed to the actuator, the operating element indicates the off or on position of the switch, i.e. due to its active connection to the control rod, for example by means of a switch head in a slot guide in the rocker.

In order to support the switching of the bistable actuator, the contact spring is advantageously designed such that it generates a preload force in the direction of the other switching position of the end positions of the actuator.

On the other hand, the lever acts on the contact spring having the movable contact. In particular, in one embodiment of the invention, one arm of the control rod extends beyond its contact point with the actuator and is connected at its end to a transmission element connected to the contact spring. In this way, the contact spring with the movable contact is pressed against the fixed contact in one pivoting position of the control lever and pulled away from the fixed contact in the other pivoting position of the control lever. The contact spring is designed such that the spring tongue acts as a carrier for the movable contact. By releasing the spring tongue, the contact spring can continue to move even after the contact has been closed, resulting in a so-called overshoot. This will result in a proper contact force when the contacts are closed.

For switching the contact system, on the one hand, a manual actuation can be carried out by means of the rocker or the slider, which, by means of its active connection to the control rod, causes a pivoting movement of the control rod and thus a switching of the contact system. On the other hand, for remote control of the switch, one or both coils are activated according to the circuit, so that the respective closed magnetic circuit is extinguished, and on the other yoke, the magnetic circuit attracts the arm of the lever, which means that the lever is pivoted. This now fully closed permanent magnetic circuit will also hold the attracted control rod after the coil has been disconnected from its control voltage, thus holding a new switch position.

The new electronic switch can integrate the electrical equipment into an Internet of things system and realize remote switching. This embodiment also ensures that the switch is visible with the position of the operating element during remote control, since the rocker or slide changes its operating position even if the actuator is remotely controlled. Furthermore, the new electronic switches can be operated simultaneously in a conventional manual manner. Remote and manual operation equivalent switching functions, such as providing a pleasing tactile feel when the paddle is manually operated. This is influenced by the equivalent kinematic behaviour of the bi-stable actuator in both switch operations, both when switched off and when switched on. In particular, an accurate switching point can be generated in both actuation directions and sensed upon manual actuation. A bistable actuator and its mode of operation are known from the document DE102010017874B 4. Which depicts a high energy spectrum and a high retention force, the entire push button switch can be highly miniaturized.

All movable parts of the electronic switch, such as the operating element, the lever, the contact spring, are forcibly coupled to switch the contact system, and the movement of one of these parts causes the movement of the other part. This allows the switch state to be clearly recognized from the outside, i.e. from the operating position of the operating element. The bi-stable actuator ensures that the contact system can only assume two defined states.

[ description of the drawings ]

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a rocker switch in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the rocker switch without the housing in the open position;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the push button switch without the housing and rocker;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the button switch without the housing in the ON position;

fig. 5 shows a perspective view of the slide switch.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic switch 10 in this embodiment as a rocker switch and its housing 11. A manually operable element 20, i.e. a rocker 22, is mounted on the housing 11 and can pivot. The rocker 22 has different operating positions, one of which, as shown in fig. 4, corresponds to the on position of the switch 10, and the other of which, as shown in fig. 2, corresponds to the off position of the switch. Four electrical connector terminals 15, 16, 17, 18 project from the housing 11. The electrical connection terminals 17, 18 are control connection terminals of the bi-stable actuator 30. The electrical connection terminals 15 are connected to the contact springs 40 by means of a printed circuit board 19, as can be better seen in fig. 2, in which the switch 10 is shown without a housing. The contact spring 40 holds a movable contact 41 at an end of a spring tongue 42. The electric connection terminal 16 is connected to the fixed contact 61.

The electronic switch 10 is in the off position in fig. 2 and can be moved into the on position by manually operating the rocker 22 in the direction of the arrow. Said rocker 22 pivots about a pivot 21. Below the pivot 21 there is a slot guide 23 mounted on the rocker 22. A control lever 50 or drive head 51, which is also referred to as a control member, engages in the slot guide 23. If the rocker 22 is operated, the position of the drive head 51 is changed by the slot guide 23, which causes the lever 50 or control part to pivot. In this embodiment, the lever 50 is pivotally mounted on the bi-stable actuator 30. The pivot shaft 55 is located below the drive head 51. The control lever 50 has two arms 53, 54. The arm 54 is coupled to a transmission element 52. The angled arm 43 of the contact spring 40 engages on this transmission element 52, so that the actuation of the rocker 22 causes the lever 50 to pivot and the contact spring 40 to lower. When the movable contact 41 is pressed onto the fixed contact 61, contact is further caused.

The above-described manual switching operation can be implemented in the same manner by remote control, since the control lever 50 is not only connected to the rocker 22, but also to the bistable actuator 30. The actuator 30 is arranged in the housing 11 and has a permanent magnet 32 in a central position between two half yokes 34, 35 for holding a central leg 36. In this way, an E-shaped magnetic core is formed. On both sides of the actuator 30, one field winding 31 is provided. In the passive state, i.e. when the field winding 31 is not activated and therefore does not generate an additional magnetic field, the permanent magnet 32 serves to hold the arms 53, 54 of the control rod 50. In fig. 2, the arm 53 is held. In the left half of the actuator 30 shown, there is a closed magnetic circuit a by contacting the arm 53 of the control rod 50, whereby a permanent magnetic flux flows through the permanent magnet 32, the central leg 36, the yoke 34 and the arm 53. The permanent magnetic flux delivered by the permanent magnet 32 holds the arm 53 on the actuator 30 stably to the yoke 34. In this position of the control lever 50 shown in fig. 2, the contact spring 40 is pulled upwards by means of the transmission element 52 so that the movable contact 41 is at a distance from the fixed contact 61. In the off position, which is manually or remotely controlled to the switch, as shown in fig. 2, lever 50 is tilted to the left and rocker 22 is tilted to the right.

If the coil 31, in this embodiment the field winding 31 on the yoke 34, is activated at this time, the magnetic path a in the yoke 34 is cancelled out because the magnetic field of the coil 31 is opposite to the magnetic path a. The magnetic circuit a created by the permanent magnet moves from the left side parallel circuit into the right side parallel circuit. This will cause the arm 54 of the lever 50 to exert a magnetic attraction force, causing the lever 50 to pivot to the right, closing the gap at the yoke 35. If the control voltage of the coil 31 at the yoke 34 is switched off, the arm 54 remains at the actuator 30. The permanent magnet 32 generates a magnetic force of the holding arm 54 due to its magnetic circuit B. This position is shown in figure 4. As the arm 54 descends, the transmission element 52 also descends, and the arm 43 contacting the spring 40 moves. By lowering the contact spring 40, contact is established between the movable contact 41 and the fixed contact 61. In the on position, which is manually or remotely controlled to the switch, the lever 50 in this embodiment is tilted to the right and the rocker 22 is tilted to the left. Said rocker 22 is operable in the direction of the arrow to break the contact of the contacts. Likewise, the switching process can be triggered by the excitation winding 31 adjacent to the yoke 35 being excited by generating a magnetic field.

The movable contact 41 is provided by a contact spring 40, as shown in fig. 2 to 4. The shape of the contact spring 40 is preferably shown in the perspective view of fig. 3. The contact spring 40 is shaped as a spring tongue 42 of the carrier with the movable contact 41. In the present embodiment, one end of the contact spring 40 is connected to the electrical connection terminal 15 through the printed circuit board 19 and is firmly clamped at the end. The other end of the contact spring 40 is angled with respect to an arm 43, the arm 43 having an engagement end 44 engaged in a transmission element 52. The transmission element 52 is coupled to the lever 50 such that pivotal movement of the lever 50 can guide the contact spring 40 to be lowered or raised. Due to the release of the spring tongue 42, when the contact spring 40 descends, the contact spring 40 can also move further downwards after the contact closing and produce a so-called overshoot, see fig. 4. This will result in a suitable contact force when the contacts are closed. In the open position, as shown in fig. 2, one end of the spring tongue 42 rests against the stop 33; here again, no further movement of the contact spring 40 is prevented. The advantage of the shown contact spring 40 is that due to the release of the spring tongue 42, the contact 41 can safely contact the fixed contact 61 even if the end position of the contact spring 40 varies due to manufacturing and assembly tolerances. In addition, undesired contact bounce is also suppressed.

The contact spring 40 may have a plurality of spring tongues 42 with movable contacts 41, the contacts 41 interacting with a corresponding plurality of fixed contacts 61, respectively, i.e. the contact system may comprise a plurality of pairs of contacts 41, 61. In this way, contact bounce can be minimized and current carrying capacity or switching capacity can be increased for the same installed control of switch 10.

Furthermore, a preset spring force can be provided to the bi-stable actuator 30 both in the on position and in the off position, thereby supporting the start of the switching movement and making the switching faster and safer. It should be noted that in other embodiments, the lever 50 may be replaced with any other shape control member.

For other embodiments of the push button switch 10, another contact may be provided in place of the stop 33 described previously to form a diverter switch.

Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of a switch 10' according to the invention, without the housing shown in fig. 5. Wherein the manual control element 20 is a slider 24. The other structure of the switch 10' corresponds to the structure of the rocker switch 10 described above. The slider 24 has on its underside a receptacle 25 for a lever 50 drive head 51 mounted on the bistable actuator 30. When the slider 24 is actuated, the position of the drive head 51 changes, causing the lever 50 to pivot and the contact spring 40 to lower or raise to toggle in the same manner as the rocker switch 10.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. The push button switch 10 may contain additional electronic components that provide lighting, communication, time control, or sound signals.

10, 10' switch

11 outer cover

154 of a power supply

1661 electric connection terminal

17. 183 electric connection terminal

19 printed circuit board

20 operating element

21 Pivot

22 seesaw

23 groove guide

24 sliding block

25 receptacle

30 Bistable actuator

31 exciting winding, coil

32 permanent magnet

33 stop

34. 35 magnetic yoke

36 center leg

40 contact spring

41 contact

42 spring tongue

43 arm

44 engaging end

50 control rod

51 drive head

52 drive element, coupler

53. 54 arm

61 fixed contact

A. B magnetic circuit