Optical system

文档序号：1745702 发布日期：2019-11-26 浏览：37次中文

阅读说明：本技术 光学系统 (Optical system ) 是由迈克尔·L·斯坦纳安德鲁·J·欧德科克蒂莫西·L·翁貟智省乔·A·埃特吉勒·J· 于 2018-03-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种光学系统,所述光学系统包括一个或多个光学透镜、至少一个延迟器层、反射偏振器和部分反射器。所述至少一个延迟器层可包括具有不同波长色散曲线的第一延迟器层和第二延迟器层。所述至少一个延迟器层可包括具有非均匀的快轴取向和/或非均匀的延迟的第一延迟器层。(The present invention provides a kind of optical system, the optical system includes one or more optical lenses, at least one retarder layer, reflective polarizer and part reflector.At least one described retarder layer may include having the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer of different wave length dispersion curve.At least one described retarder layer may include having the first retarder layer of fast axle orientation heterogeneous and/or delay heterogeneous.)

1. a kind of optical system for transmitted light, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

First retarder layer, first retarder layer have first wave length dispersion curve in predetermined wavelength range；

Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, Substantially reflection has the light of the first polarization state and substantially transmits the reflective polarizer in the predetermined wavelength range Light with orthogonal second polarization state；

Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged and are fitted between first retarder layer and the reflective polarizer In in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector has extremely shape in the predetermined wavelength range Few 20% average optical reflectivity；And

Second retarder layer, second retarder layer be arranged between the part reflector and the reflective polarizer and There is the second wave length dispersion curve different from the first wave length dispersion curve in the predetermined wavelength range.

2. a kind of optical system for observer's display object, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged in and conform to the first main surface of one or more of optical lenses On, substantially reflection has the light of the first polarization state to the reflective polarizer in predetermined wavelength range and substantially transmission has There is the light of orthogonal second polarization state；

Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged in and conform to different second of one or more of optical lenses In main surface, the part reflector has at least 20% average optical reflectivity in the predetermined wavelength range；

First retarder layer, first retarder layer are arranged in and conform to the third master of one or more of optical lenses On surface；And

Second retarder layer, second retarder layer are arranged in and conform to being different from for one or more of optical lenses In 4th main surface of the third main surface, wherein at least one wavelength in the predetermined wavelength range, described At least one of one retarder layer and second retarder layer have substantially on the first area of the retarder layer Uniform delay, and there is delay heterogeneous on the different second areas of the retarder layer.

3. a kind of optical system for observer's display object, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, Substantially reflection has the light of the first polarization state to the reflective polarizer in predetermined wavelength range and substantially transmission has The light of orthogonal second polarization state；

Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, The part reflector has at least 20% average optical reflectivity in the predetermined wavelength range；

First retarder layer and the second retarder layer spaced apart, first retarder layer and second retarder layer setting And conform to one or more of optical lenses different main surfaces on, first retarder layer substantially be used for The quarter-wave delayer of first wave length in the predetermined wavelength range, and second retarder layer is substantially used In the quarter-wave delayer of the different second wave lengths in the predetermined wavelength range.

4. a kind of for showing object and at predetermined wavelength with the optical system of maximum contrast ratio, the light to observer System includes:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged in and conform to the first main surface of one or more of optical lenses On, substantially reflection has the light of the first polarization state to the reflective polarizer at the predetermined wavelength and substantially transmission has There is the light of orthogonal second polarization state；

First retarder layer, first retarder layer are arranged in and conform to the main surface of one or more of optical lenses On, the optical axis that there is the optical system at the origin to intersect with first retarder layer, along the light of the optical axis Line passes through one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector, the reflective polarizer and first retarder layer And be substantially not refracted, so that for having first polarization state at the predetermined wavelength and across the light of the origin The light is converted to elliptically polarized light for the light along the optical axis by line, first retarder layer, and For the light is converted to circularly polarized light along the light with the propagation of the direction of the inclined light shaft.

5. a kind of optical system for observer's display object, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Reflective polarizer, substantially reflection has the light of the first polarization state and basic to the reflective polarizer at predetermined wavelength Upper transmission has the light of orthogonal second polarization state；

Part reflector, the part reflector have at least 20% average optical reflectivity at the predetermined wavelength；With And

First integrated delayer, the described first integrated delayer have at least one first position, relative to first polarization The first delay, at least one different second position at the first orientation of state and the predetermined wavelength, relative to described first The different second orientation of polarization state and the second different delays at the predetermined wavelength.

6. it is a kind of for showing image and at predetermined wavelength with the display system of maximum contrast ratio to observer, it is described aobvious Show that system includes:

Emit the display of image；And

For the optical system to the emitted image of observer display, the optical system includes:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Part reflector, the part reflector have at least 20% average optical reflectivity at the predetermined wavelength；With And

First retarder layer of one, the display system have optical axis, pass by the display emission and along the optical axis The light broadcast passes through one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector, the reflective polarizer and described first and prolongs Slow device layer and be substantially not refracted so that at the predetermined wavelength with the transmitting key light of first polarization state The chief ray is converted to circular polarization for the chief ray of the edge-emission from described image by line, first retarder layer Light, and elliptically polarized light is converted to by the chief ray for the chief ray along the optical axis.

7. it is a kind of for showing image and at predetermined wavelength with the display system of maximum contrast ratio to observer, it is described aobvious Show that system includes:

Emit the display of image；And

For the optical system to the emitted image of observer display, the optical system includes:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Part reflector, the part reflector have at least 20% average optical reflectivity at the predetermined wavelength；With And

First retarder layer of one, the display system have optical axis, pass by the display emission and along the optical axis The light broadcast passes through one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector, the reflective polarizer and described first and prolongs Slow device layer and be substantially not refracted so that each chief ray is described for multiple chief rays by the display emission With first polarization state and there is the interval different away from the optical axis at predetermined wavelength, first retarder layer is by institute It states chief ray and is converted to circularly polarized light.

8. it is a kind of for showing image and at predetermined wavelength with the display system of maximum contrast ratio to observer, it is described aobvious Show that system includes:

Emit the display of image；And

For the optical system to the emitted image of observer display, the optical system includes:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer at the predetermined wavelength substantially reflection have the first polarization state light and Substantially light of the transmission with orthogonal second polarization state；

Part reflector, the part reflector have at least 20% average optical reflectivity at the predetermined wavelength；With And

First retarder layer of one, the display system have optical axis, pass by the display emission and along the optical axis The light broadcast passes through the described of one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector, the reflective polarizer and one First retarder layer and be substantially not refracted so that for multiple chief rays by the display emission, each chief ray With first polarization state and with the interval different away from the optical axis, first delayer at the predetermined wavelength Layer has the delay in the 10% of a quarter of the predetermined wavelength.

9. a kind of optical system for observer's display object, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged in and conform to the first main surface of one or more of optical lenses On, the reflective polarizer substantially reflects the light with the first polarization state and substantially transmission has orthogonal second polarization state Light；

First retarder layer, first retarder layer are arranged in and conform to the third master of one or more of optical lenses On surface；And

Second retarder layer, second retarder layer are arranged in and conform to being different from for one or more of optical lenses In 4th main surface of the third main surface, so that first retarder layer has relative to first polarization state Substantially uniform orientation and delay heterogeneous in first retarder layer, and second retarder layer has in institute State substantially uniform delay and orientation heterogeneous in the second retarder layer.

10. a kind of optical system for observer's display object, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

First retarder layer, first retarder layer are arranged in and conform to the third master of one or more of optical lenses On surface；And

Second retarder layer, second retarder layer are arranged in and conform to being different from for one or more of optical lenses In 4th main surface of the third main surface, so that first delayer has in institute relative to first polarization state State substantially uniform orientation and uniform delay in the first retarder layer, and second retarder layer has described the Delay substantially heterogeneous and orientation heterogeneous in two retarder layers.

11. it is a kind of for showing object and at predetermined wavelength with the optical system of maximum contrast ratio to observer, it is described Optical system includes:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged in and conform to the first main surface of one or more of optical lenses On, each position on the reflective polarizer has corresponding mutually orthogonal light transmission polarization state and delustring polarization state, so that At the position, substantially reflection has the light of the delustring polarization state simultaneously to the reflective polarizer at the predetermined wavelength And substantially transmit the light with the light transmission polarization state；

First retarder layer, first retarder layer are arranged in and conform to the third master of one or more of optical lenses On surface；And

Second retarder layer, second retarder layer are arranged between the part reflector and the reflective polarizer simultaneously It conforms in the 4th main surface different from the third main surface of one or more of optical lenses, the optical system With intersect at the first origin with first retarder layer and at the second origin with the reflective polarizer intersection Optical axis passes through one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector, the reflection along the light of the optical axis Polarizer, first retarder layer and second retarder layer and be substantially not refracted,

So that for having the delustring polarization state of the predetermined wavelength and the reflective polarizer at second origin And it is incident in first retarder layer and is formed with the optical axis light of angle, θ for the first time at first origin Line, when being incident on the reflective polarizer for the first time at first position, the light is substantially reflected, and is worked as When the second place is incident on for the second time on the reflective polarizer, the light is substantially transmitted, the second place The polarization state of the light and the light transmission polarization state of the reflective polarizer between difference when θ is zero compared with Greatly, and it is smaller when θ is not zero.

12. it is a kind of for showing image and at predetermined wavelength with the display system of maximum contrast ratio to observer, it is described Display system includes:

Emit the display of image；And

For the optical system to the emitted image of observer display, the optical system includes:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

First retarder layer and the second retarder layer spaced apart, first retarder layer and second retarder layer setting And conform to one or more of optical lenses different main surfaces on, first retarder layer and described second is prolonged Each of slow device layer has at least one of variable delay and orientation；The optical system has optical axis, along described The light of optical axis passes through one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector, the reflective polarizer, described the One retarder layer and second retarder layer and be substantially not refracted so that for multiple masters by the display emission Light, each chief ray have the predetermined wavelength and with the interval transmittings different away from the optical axis, be incident on when for the first time When at the first position on the reflective polarizer, the chief ray is substantially reflected, and ought be incident on for the second time described When the second place on reflective polarizer, the chief ray is substantially transmitted, the chief ray of the second place The polarization state and the second place the reflective polarizer the light transmission polarization state between difference be less than about 0.07。

13. it is a kind of for showing image and at predetermined wavelength with the display system of maximum contrast ratio to observer, it is described Display system includes:

Emergent pupil with the diameter within the scope of about 4.5mm to about 6mm；

Emit the display of image；And

For the optical system to the emitted image of observer display, the optical system includes:

One or more optical lenses with the f number in about 0.2 to about 2.5 range；

First retarder layer and the second retarder layer spaced apart, first retarder layer and second retarder layer setting And conform to one or more of optical lenses different main surfaces on so that in the predetermined wavelength and described first At polarization state and for each position in multiple positions on the display, the display emission is substantially filled with institute The pencil of emergent pupil is stated, the pencil passes through described first via corresponding first incident area and the second incident area Retarder layer and second retarder layer, so that each of first retarder layer and second retarder layer exist A quarter of the average retardation on first incident area and second incident area in the predetermined wavelength accordingly 10% in.

14. it is a kind of for showing image and at predetermined wavelength with the optical system of maximum contrast ratio to observer, it is described Optical system includes:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

First retarder layer；

Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses；

Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged and are fitted between first retarder layer and the reflective polarizer In in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector has at least shape at the predetermined wavelength 20% average optical reflectivity；And

Second retarder layer, second retarder layer are arranged between the part reflector and the reflective polarizer；

The optical system have intersect at the first origin with first retarder layer and at the second origin with it is described The optical axis of reflective polarizer intersection passes through one or more of optical lenses, the portion along the light of the optical axis Divide reflector, the reflective polarizer, first retarder layer and second retarder layer and be substantially not refracted, makes It obtains at second origin, the reflective polarizer substantially reflects the light with delustring polarization state at the predetermined wavelength And substantially light of the transmission with orthogonal light transmission polarization state；

So that for along the optical axis and being incident in first retarder layer and having at first origin There are the first light of the predetermined wavelength and the delustring polarization state, when being incident on the reflective polarizer for the first time, institute Stating the first light includes the first polarization state, and when being incident on the reflective polarizer for the second time, the first light packet The second polarization state is included, the difference between first polarization state and the delustring polarization state is less than second polarization state and described Difference between light transmission polarization state.

15. a kind of optical system for transmitted light, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, And there is at least 20% average optical reflectivity in predetermined wavelength range；

First delayer, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, The optical system has the optical axis intersected at the first origin with first delayer, along the light of the optical axis Across one or more of optical lenses, the part reflector, the reflective polarizer and first delayer and base It is not refracted on this, first delayer includes the central area of non-overlap, first edge region and second edge region, institute Stating central area includes first origin, and the first edge region and second edge region setting are prolonged described first At or near the corresponding first edge and second edge of slow device so that in the predetermined wavelength range at least one first Wavelength X_o:

The average retardation of the central area is substantially equal to δ；

The average retardation in the first edge region is substantially equal to δ-ξ；And

The average retardation in the second edge region is substantially equal to δ+ξ,

Wherein for Integer n, λ_o(n+1/8)≤δ≤λ_o(n+1/2) and δ/50≤ξ≤δ/2.

16. a kind of optical system for transmitted light, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

First delayer, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, So that at least one first wave length λ in the predetermined wavelength range_o:

The delay at the center of first delayer is equal to δ_o, wherein for Integer n,

λ_o(n+1/8)≤δ_o≤λ_o(n+1/2)；And

The delay of first delayer increases on separate first direction of the center to the edge of first delayer, And far from reducing in second direction of the center to the edge of first delayer, the first direction and described the Angle between two directions in the range of about 60 degree to about 120 degree,

So that maximum contrast of maximum contrast ratio of the optical system in the predetermined wavelength range than Comparison optical system Rate greatly at least 5%, in addition to first delayer of the Comparison optical system has uniform delays δ_oExcept it is described relatively light System has same structure.

17. a kind of optical system for transmitted light, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

First delayer, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, So that at least one first wave length λ in the predetermined wavelength range_o:

The center of first delayer is equal to θ relative to the fast axle orientation of fast axis_o, θ_oIn the range of 35 to 55 degree；And

The fast axle orientation of first delayer is far from first direction of the center to the edge of first delayer Increase, and far from reducing in second direction of the center to the edge of first delayer, the first direction and Angle between the second direction in the range of about 60 degree to about 120 degree,

So that maximum contrast of maximum contrast ratio of the optical system in the predetermined wavelength range than Comparison optical system Rate greatly at least 5%, in addition to first delayer of the Comparison optical system is relative to the uniform fast of first polarization state Axis is oriented to θ_oExcept the Comparison optical system have same structure.

18. a kind of optical system for transmitted light, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

The central area is substantially equal to θ relative to the average fast axle orientation of first polarization state；

The first edge region is substantially equal to θ-ε relative to the average fast axle orientation of first polarization state；And

The second edge region is substantially equal to θ+ε relative to the average fast axle orientation of first polarization state,

Wherein θ is in the range of 35 to 55 degree, and ε is in the range of 0.5 to 20 degree.

19. a kind of optical system for transmitted light, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

First delayer, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, First delayer includes the first area with substantially uniform delay and the non-overlap with delay heterogeneous Second area, the surface area of the first area are at least the 10% of the total surface area of first delayer, secondth area Domain is the remainder of first delayer.

20. a kind of optical system for transmitted light, the optical system include:

One or more optical lenses, one or more of optical lenses have at least one bending main surface；

First delayer, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more of optical lenses, First delayer includes having the first area of substantially uniform fast axle orientation and being orientated with fast axle heterogeneous The second area of non-overlap, the surface area of the first area are at least the 10% of the total surface area of first delayer, institute State the remainder that second area is first delayer.

Background technique

Optical system can utilize reflective polarizer, part reflector and phase delay device.Such optical system can be used for head Head mounted displays.

Summary of the invention

In some aspects of this specification, a kind of optical system for transmitted light is provided.The optical system includes one A or multiple optical lenses, the one or more optical lens have at least one bending main surface；First retarder layer, this One retarder layer has first wave length dispersion curve in predetermined wavelength range；Reflective polarizer, reflective polarizer setting exist And conform in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, substantially reflection has the reflective polarizer in predetermined wavelength range There are the light of the first polarization state and substantially light of the transmission with orthogonal second polarization state；Part reflector, the part reflector It is arranged between the first retarder layer and reflective polarizer and conforms to the master in the main surfaces of one or more optical lenses Surface, the part reflector have at least 20% average optical reflectivity in predetermined wavelength range；And second delayer Layer, which is arranged has difference between part reflector and reflective polarizer and in predetermined wavelength range In the second wave length dispersion curve of first wave length dispersion curve.

In some aspects of this specification, provide a kind of for showing the optical system of object to observer.The optics System includes one or more optical lenses, which has at least one bending main surface；Reflection is inclined Shake device, which is arranged in and conforms in the first main surface of one or more optical lenses, the reflective polarizer The light with the first polarization state is substantially reflected in predetermined wavelength range and substantially transmission has orthogonal second polarization state Light；Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged in and conform to the main table of different second of one or more optical lenses On face, which has at least 20% average optical reflectivity in predetermined wavelength range；First retarder layer, should First retarder layer is arranged in and conforms in the third main surface of one or more optical lenses；And second retarder layer, Second retarder layer is arranged in and conforms to the 4th main surface different from third main surface of one or more optical lenses On.For at least one wavelength in predetermined wavelength range, at least one of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer exist There is substantially uniform delay on the first area of retarder layer, and have on the different second areas of retarder layer Delay heterogeneous.

In some aspects of this specification, provide a kind of for showing the optical system of object to observer.The optics System includes one or more optical lenses, which has at least one bending main surface；Reflection is inclined Shake device, which is arranged in and conforms in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, and the reflective polarizer is pre- The light with the first polarization state and substantially light of the transmission with orthogonal second polarization state are substantially reflected in wavelength range； Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, part reflection Device has at least 20% average optical reflectivity in predetermined wavelength range；First retarder layer spaced apart and the second delay Device layer, first retarder layer and the second retarder layer are arranged in and conform to the different main tables of one or more optical lenses On face.First retarder layer is substantially the quarter-wave delayer for the first wave length being used in predetermined wavelength range, and Second retarder layer is substantially the quarter-wave delayer for the different second wave lengths being used in predetermined wavelength range.

First integrated delayer, the first integrated delayer have at least one first position, relative to the first polarization state First orientation and predetermined wavelength at the first delay, at least one different second position, relative to the first polarization state not The second different delays at same second orientation and predetermined wavelength.

In some aspects of this specification, provide a kind of for showing the optical system of object to observer.The optics System includes one or more optical lenses, which has at least one bending main surface；Reflection is inclined Shake device, which is arranged in and conforms in the first main surface of one or more optical lenses, the reflective polarizer Substantially reflect the light with the first polarization state and substantially light of the transmission with orthogonal second polarization state；Part reflector, The part reflector is arranged in and conforms in the second different main surfaces of one or more optical lenses, the part reflector With at least 20% average optical reflectivity；First retarder layer, first retarder layer setting and conform to one or In the third main surface of multiple optical lenses；And second retarder layer, second retarder layer setting and conform to one Or in the 4th main surface different from third main surface of multiple optical lenses.Relative to the first polarization state, the first retarder layer With substantially uniform orientation and delay heterogeneous in the first retarder layer, and the second retarder layer has second Substantially uniform delay and orientation heterogeneous in retarder layer.

In some aspects of this specification, provide a kind of for showing the optical system of object to observer.The optics System includes one or more optical lenses, which has at least one bending main surface；Reflection is inclined Shake device, which is arranged in and conforms in the first main surface of one or more optical lenses, the reflective polarizer Substantially reflect the light with the first polarization state and substantially light of the transmission with orthogonal second polarization state；Part reflector, The part reflector is arranged in and conforms in the second different main surfaces of one or more optical lenses, the part reflector With at least 20% average optical reflectivity；First retarder layer, first retarder layer setting and conform to one or In the third main surface of multiple optical lenses；And second retarder layer, second retarder layer setting and conform to one Or in the 4th main surface different from third main surface of multiple optical lenses.Relative to the first polarization state, the first delay utensil There are substantially uniform orientation and uniform delay in the first retarder layer, and the second retarder layer has in the second delay Delay substantially heterogeneous and orientation heterogeneous on device layer.

In some aspects of this specification, provide a kind of for showing object to observer and having at predetermined wavelength There is the optical system of maximum contrast ratio.The optical system includes one or more optical lenses, the one or more optical lens Main surface is bent at least one；Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged and conform to one or more optical lens In first main surface of mirror, each position on the reflective polarizer has corresponding mutually orthogonal light transmission polarization state and delustring Polarization state, so that at this location, substantially reflection has the light of delustring polarization state simultaneously to the reflective polarizer at predetermined wavelength And substantially transmit the light with light transmission polarization state；Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged and conform to one or more In the second different main surfaces of a optical lens, which has at least 20% average optical at predetermined wavelength Reflectivity；First retarder layer, first retarder layer are arranged in and conform to the main table of third of one or more optical lenses On face；And second retarder layer, second retarder layer be arranged between part reflector and reflective polarizer and it is conformal In in the 4th main surface different from third main surface of one or more optical lenses.The optical system has optical axis, so that One or more optical lenses, part reflector, reflective polarizer and the first delayer are passed through along the light of optical axis Layer and the second retarder layer and be substantially not refracted.Optical axis intersects with the first retarder layer at the first origin and second Intersect at origin with reflective polarizer, so that being polarized for the delustring with predetermined wavelength and reflective polarizer at the second origin State and the light for being incident in the first retarder layer and being formed with optical axis angle, θ for the first time at the first origin, when first At position it is incident for the first time on the reflective polarizer when, which is substantially reflected, and when second of the second place It is incident on the reflective polarizer when, which is substantially transmitted.The polarization state and reflective polarizer of light in the second place Light transmission polarization state between difference it is larger when θ is zero and smaller when θ is not zero.

In some aspects of this specification, provide a kind of for showing image to observer and having at predetermined wavelength There is the display system of maximum contrast ratio.The display system includes emitting the display of image and for being emitted to observer's display The optical system of image.The optical system includes one or more optical lenses, which has at least One bending main surface；Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged in and conform to the first of one or more optical lenses In main surface；Part reflector, the second different main surface of the part reflector are arranged and conform to one or more optics In the second different main surfaces of lens, which reflects at predetermined wavelength at least 20% average optical Rate；And the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer spaced apart, first retarder layer are different with the second retarder layer Main surface is arranged in and conforms in the different main surfaces of one or more optical lenses.Each position on the reflective polarizer It sets with corresponding mutually orthogonal light transmission polarization state and delustring polarization state, so that at this location, the reflective polarizer is pre- Given wavelength substantially reflects the light with delustring polarization state and substantially light of the transmission with light transmission polarization state.First delay Each of device layer and the second retarder layer have at least one of variable delay and orientation.The optical system has light Axis, so that passing through one or more optical lenses, part reflector, reflective polarizer and first along the light of optical axis Retarder layer and the second retarder layer and be substantially not refracted.For multiple chief rays by display emission, each key light Line has predetermined wavelength and with the interval transmitting different away from optical axis, when first time incident first position on the reflective polarizer When place, which is substantially reflected, and when second of incident second place on the reflective polarizer, the key light Line is substantially transmitted.Between the polarization state of second place chief ray and the light transmission polarization state of second place reflective polarizer Difference be less than about 0.07.

In some aspects of this specification, provide a kind of for showing image to observer and having at predetermined wavelength There is the display system of maximum contrast ratio.The display system includes emergent pupil of the diameter within the scope of about 4.5mm to about 6mm；Hair Penetrate the display of image；And the optical system for showing emitted image to observer.The optical system includes f number about One or more optical lenses in 0.2 to about 2.5 range；Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are basic at predetermined wavelength The light that upper light of the reflection with the first polarization state and substantially transmission have orthogonal second polarization state；Part reflector, the portion The second main surface for dividing reflector different is arranged in and conforms in the second different main surfaces of one or more optical lenses, The part reflector has at least 20% average optical reflectivity at predetermined wavelength；And the first retarder layer spaced apart With the second retarder layer, first retarder layer main surface different with the second retarder layer is arranged and conforms to one or more In the different main surfaces of a optical lens.At predetermined wavelength and the first polarization state and for multiple positions on display In each position, display emission is substantially filled with the pencil of emergent pupil.Pencil is via corresponding first incidence zone Domain and the second incident area pass through the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer, so that the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer Each of average retardation on corresponding first incident area and the second incident area predetermined wavelength a quarter 10% in.

In some aspects of this specification, provide a kind of for showing image to observer and having at predetermined wavelength There is the optical system of maximum contrast ratio.The optical system includes one or more optical lenses, the one or more optical lens Main surface is bent at least one；First retarder layer；Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged and conform to one Or in the main surface of multiple optical lenses；Part reflector, the part reflector the first retarder layer and reflective polarizer it Between be arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, which has at least at predetermined wavelength 20% average optical reflectivity；And second retarder layer, second retarder layer setting are inclined in part reflector and reflection Between vibration device.The optical system has optical axis, so that passing through one or more optical lenses, part along the light of optical axis Reflector, reflective polarizer and the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer and be substantially not refracted.The optical axis is first Intersect at origin with the first retarder layer, and intersects at the second origin with reflective polarizer.At the second origin, reflection is inclined The light with delustring polarization state is substantially reflected at predetermined wavelength for the device that shakes and substantially transmission has orthogonal light transmission polarization state Light.For being incident on along optical axis and at the first origin in the first retarder layer and there is predetermined wavelength and delustring First light of polarization state, when it is incident for the first time on the reflective polarizer when, which includes the first polarization state, and is worked as Second it is incident on the reflective polarizer when, which includes the second polarization state, the first polarization state and delustring polarization state it Between difference less than the difference between the second polarization state and light transmission polarization state.

First delayer, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more optical lenses.It should Optical system has optical axis, so that passing through one or more optical lenses, part reflector, reflection along the light of optical axis Polarizer and the first delayer and be substantially not refracted.Optical axis intersects at the first origin with the first delayer.First delay Device includes the central area and first edge region and second edge region of non-overlap, and wherein central area includes first former Point, and first edge region and second edge region are arranged at the corresponding first edge and second edge of the first delayer Near or, so that at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o: the average retardation of central area is substantially Equal to δ；The average retardation in first edge region is substantially equal to δ-ξ；And the average retardation in second edge region is substantially etc. In δ+ξ.For Integer n, λ_o(n+1/8)≤δ≤λ_o(n+1/2) and δ/50≤ξ≤δ/2.

First delayer, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more optical lenses.It is right In at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o: the delay at the center of the first delayer is equal to δ_o, wherein for integer N, λ_o(n+1/8)≤δ_o≤λ_o(n+1/2)；And the delay of the first delayer is prolonged on deep first direction to first The edge of slow device increases, and reduces in deep second direction to the edge of the first delayer, first direction and the Angle between two directions is in the range of about 60 degree to about 120 degree, so that maximum of the optical system in predetermined wavelength range Contrast ratio than Comparison optical system maximum contrast ratio greatly at least 5%, in addition to the first delayer of Comparison optical system have it is equal Even delay δ_oExcept the Comparison optical system have same structure.

In some aspects of this specification, a kind of optical system for transmitted light is provided.The optical system includes one A or multiple optical lenses, the one or more optical lens have at least one bending main surface；Part reflector, the part Reflector is arranged in and conforms in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, and has at least in predetermined wavelength range 20% average optical reflectivity；Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged and conform to one or more optical lenses Main surface on, the reflective polarizer substantially reflection light and substantially with the first polarization state in predetermined wavelength range Transmit the light with orthogonal second polarization state；And first delayer, first delayer setting and conform to one or more In the main surface of a optical lens.For at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o: the center of the first delayer Fast axle orientation relative to fast axis is equal to θ_o, θ_oIn the range of 35 to 55 degree；And the fast axle of the first delayer is orientated remote Increase on excentric first direction to the edge of delayer, and arrives the edge of delayer in deep second direction Reduce, the angle between first direction and second direction is in the range of about 60 degree to about 120 degree, so that optical system is predetermined Maximum contrast ratio in wave-length coverage than Comparison optical system maximum contrast ratio greatly at least 5%, in addition to Comparison optical system First delayer is oriented to θ relative to the uniform fast axle of the first polarization state_oExcept the Comparison optical system have same structure.

In some aspects of this specification, a kind of optical system for transmitted light is provided.The optical system includes one A or multiple optical lenses, the one or more optical lens have at least one bending main surface；Part reflector, the part Reflector is arranged in and conforms in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, and has at least in predetermined wavelength range 20% average optical reflectivity；Reflective polarizer, the reflective polarizer are arranged and conform to one or more optical lenses Main surface on, the reflective polarizer substantially reflection light and substantially with the first polarization state in predetermined wavelength range Transmit the light with orthogonal second polarization state；And first delayer, first delayer setting and conform to one or more In the main surface of a optical lens.The optical system has optical axis, so that the light along optical axis passes through one or more Optical lens, part reflector, reflective polarizer and the first delayer and be substantially not refracted.Optical axis at the first origin with The intersection of first delayer.First delayer includes the central area and first edge region and second edge region of non-overlap, Wherein central area includes the first origin, and the corresponding of the first delayer is arranged in first edge region and second edge region First edge and second edge at or near so that at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o: in Heart district domain is substantially equal to θ relative to the average fast axle orientation of the first polarization state；First edge region is relative to the first polarization state Average fast axle orientation be substantially equal to θ-ε；And second edge region is orientated base relative to the average fast axle of the first polarization state It is equal to θ+ε in sheet.θ is in the range of 35 to 55 degree, and ε is in the range of 0.5 to 20 degree.

First delayer, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more optical lenses.The One delayer includes the secondth area of the first area with substantially uniform delay and the non-overlap with delay heterogeneous Domain, the surface area of first area are at least the 10% of the total surface area of the first delayer, and second area is the surplus of the first delayer Remaining part point.

Detailed description of the invention

Figure 1A is the schematic cross sectional views of optical system；

Figure 1B is the schematic cross sectional views for the retarder layer being arranged on optical lens；

Fig. 1 C to Fig. 1 D is the schematic cross sectional views that layer on flat surfaces is arranged；

Fig. 1 E to Fig. 1 F is the schematic front plan figure for being overlapped retarder layer；

Fig. 2 is the schematic cross sectional views of optical system；

Fig. 3 to Fig. 4 is the schematic cross sectional views of display system；

Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 B is the schematic cross sectional views of optical lens；

Fig. 6 is the schematic cross sectional views of curved surface；

Fig. 7 A to Fig. 7 B is the front schematic view of reflective polarizer；

Fig. 7 C is the front schematic view of curved surface；

Fig. 8 is the schematic cross sectional views of reflective polarizer；

Fig. 9 A to Figure 10 C is the front schematic view of retarder layer；

Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of contrast ratio and wavelength；

Figure 12 to Figure 13 is the schematic cross sectional views of retarder layer；

Figure 14 is the front schematic view of retarder layer；

Figure 15 is the schematic cross sectional views of retarder layer；

Figure 16 A to Figure 16 E is the schematic diagram of delay with wavelength；

Figure 17 is the schematic cross sectional views of retarder layer；

Figure 18 is the schematic diagram of polarization ellipse；

Figure 19 is the schematic diagram of head-mounted display；

Figure 20 is to be incident on reflective polarizer for the first time in optical system as the function of the position on reflective polarizer On light average angle of incidence contour map；

Figure 21 is the contour map to form double decaying orientation of the reflective polarizer of curved shape；

Figure 22 A to Figure 22 B is the figure of the fast axle orientation of retarder layer；

Figure 23 is that the incidence on the reflective polarizer of the optical system as its retarder layer with variable fast axle orientation is strong The contour map of the intensity in transmission of the score of degree；

Figure 24 is the anti-of the Comparison optical system that there is uniform delay and uniform fast axle to be orientated as its retarder layer Penetrate the contour map of the intensity in transmission of the score of the incident intensity on polarizer；

Figure 25 is to be incident on the first delay for the first time in the optical system as the function of the position in the first retarder layer The contour map of the average angle of incidence of light on device layer；

Figure 26 is the contour map of the delay of retarder layer；

Figure 27 A to Figure 27 B is the figure of the fast axle orientation of retarder layer；

Figure 28 is the light for being transmitted through the first retarder layer with delay heterogeneous and fast axle heterogeneous orientation The contour map of circular polarization degree (DOCP)；

Figure 29 is the light for being transmitted through the first retarder layer of comparison with uniform delay and uniform fast axle orientation The contour map of circular polarization degree (DOCP)；

Figure 30 is that the fast axle orientation for the delayer being arranged in the main surface of lens is orientated with lens tilt degree and fast axle Figure；And

Figure 31 is the delay for the delayer being arranged in the main surface of lens and the figure of lens tilt degree and fast axle orientation.

Specific embodiment

Refer to attached drawing in the following description, which forms a part of the invention and wherein in the illustrated manner Various embodiments are shown.Attached drawing is not necessarily drawn to scale.It should be appreciated that in the feelings of the range or essence that do not depart from this specification Under condition, it is contemplated that and carry out other embodiments.Therefore, following specific embodiments are not be considered in a limiting sense.

The optical system of this specification can be used for such as head-mounted display, will be from display in the head-mounted display The image of panel is supplied to observer.Such head-mounted display can be used for such as virtual reality and/or game application.It is relevant Optical system is being filed on September 25th, 2015 U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2017/0068100 (Ouderkirk et al.) In be described, this application is herein incorporated by reference with degree not contradictory with this specification.

Optical system of the invention generally includes one or more optical lenses, reflective polarizer, part reflector and extremely A few retarder layer.Usually substantially reflection has first to reflective polarizer at predetermined wavelength or in predetermined wavelength range The light that the light of polarization state and substantially transmission have orthogonal second polarization state.In some embodiments, reflective polarizer is set It sets and conforms in the first main surface of one or more optical lenses.Part reflector is usually at predetermined wavelength or pre- With the average optical reflectivity at least 20% or at least 30% in wavelength range.In some embodiments, part The second different main surface of reflector is arranged in and conforms in the second different main surfaces of one or more optical lenses.

Accord with the present invention it has been found that can choose the retarder layer in optical system to provide improved optical property (for example, increase contrast ratio, reduce ghost image).Retarder layer can have wavelength dispersion curve, select the wavelength dispersion curve with Non- quarter-wave delay is provided at some wavelength in visible range, or a retarder layer may be selected with first wave Long dispersion curve, and another retarder layer may be selected with different second wave length dispersion curves.Retarder layer can also Referred to as delayer.In some embodiments, one or more delayers may be selected, so that delay or the fast axis of delayer Orientation changes on the region of delayer.It has been found that using with different wave length dispersion curve and/or with variable delay And/or the delayer with variable fast axle orientation can be used for correcting various optical defects present in some optical systems, from And provide improved optical property.For example, in the optical system using standard quarter-wave delayer, reflective polarizer Between local extinction state and the polarization state of light on the reflective polarizer incident for the first time and/or the office of reflective polarizer There may be misalignments between portion's light transmission state and the polarization state of second of incident light on the reflective polarizer.For example, due to The offset of its local transparent axis and extinction axis when reflective polarizer forms curved shape, it may occur that this misalignment.For example, such as Fruit uses standard quarter-wave delayer, then the inclined light shaft or deviation of rectangular display or display relative to optical system Center also results in this misalignment.

In some embodiments, at least one retarder layer includes having the delay and/or spatial variations of spatial variations Fast axis orientation the first retarder layer.In some embodiments, at least one retarder layer includes the first retarder layer With the second retarder layer, wherein one of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer have spatial variations delay and space Uniform fast axis orientation, and the other of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer have space uniform delay and The fast axis of spatial variations is orientated.In there is the delayer uniformly postponed, postpone at setted wavelength and given incidence angle Function as the position on delayer is uniform.In some embodiments, at least one retarder layer is prolonged including first Slow device layer and the second retarder layer, wherein at least one of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer are the of retarder layer There is substantially uniform delay on one region, and there is heterogeneous prolong on the different second areas of retarder layer Late.In some embodiments, first area is interior zone, and second area is the periphery essentially around interior zone Region.

In some embodiments, at least one retarder layer includes the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer, wherein First retarder layer has first wave length dispersion curve, and the second retarder layer has different second wave length dispersion curves. In such embodiment, the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer can respectively the delay with space uniform and fast axle be taken To, and in other embodiments, one or both of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer can have spatial variations Delay and/or spatial variations fast axis orientation.In some embodiments, at least one retarder layer includes the first delay Device layer and the second retarder layer, wherein the first retarder layer be substantially the first wave strong point in predetermined wavelength range four/ One wave delayer, and the second retarder layer is substantially a quarter at different second wave lengths in predetermined wavelength range Wave delayer.In some embodiments, one or both of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer are wavelength dispersions The colored delayer that curve is monotonically changed with the increase of wavelength.

Figure 1A is the schematic cross sectional views of the optical system 1000 for transmitted light.In some embodiments, optical system System 1000 shows object 100 to observer 110.For example, object 100 can be the image on display or display.For example, closing Suitable display includes liquid crystal display (LCD) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display.Alternatively, object 100 can be with It is some objects in addition to display, the object in such as environment of observer 110.In the implementation that object 100 is display In scheme, optical system 1000 is referred to alternatively as display system together with display, or alternatively optical system 1000 can be described Being includes display.Optical system 1000 includes optical lens 210,410,310 and 510, reflective polarizer 220, part reflection Device 320 and retarder layer 420 and 520.Optical lens 210 has opposite the first main surface 212 and the second main surface 214, Optical lens 310 has opposite the first main surface 312 and the second main surface 314, and optical lens 410 has opposite first main Surface 412 and the second main surface 414, and optical lens 510 has opposite the first main surface 512 and the second main surface 514. Reflective polarizer 220 is arranged in and conforms in the main surface 214 of optical lens 210.Part reflector 320 setting and it is conformal In in the main surface 314 of optical lens 320.Retarder layer 420 is arranged and conforms in the main surface 414 of optical lens 410. Retarder layer 520 is arranged in and conforms in the main surface 514 of optical lens 510.In other embodiments, reflective polarizer 220, the embodiment illustrated with Figure 1A is arranged in one or more of part reflector 320 and retarder layer 420 and 520 Shown in different main surface.For example, in reflective polarizer 220, part reflector 320 and retarder layer 420 and 520 Any one or more persons can be set in the corresponding main surfaces of respective lens.For another example, one or more of these layers can be set It sets in another one in these layers.For example, retarder layer 420 can be oppositely arranged on reflective polarizer 220 with main surface 214 On and/or retarder layer 520 can be oppositely arranged on part reflector 320 with main surface 314.For another example, work as object 100 when being display, and retarder layer 520 can be set in the main surface of object 100.

The transmitting of object 100 has the light 136 of polarization state 141.The path of light 136 is schematically shown in figure 1A. In some embodiments, object 100 is the display panel for generating polarization light output.In some embodiments, it provides partially The Prepolarization device of light of the vibration from object 100, so that light has polarization state 141 when being incident in retarder layer 520.Some In embodiment, object 100 is the object in the environment of observer 110, by towards 1000 reflection environment light of optical system And emit light 136.After passing through retarder layer 520 and passing through part reflector 320, light 136 has polarization state 142；So Afterwards after passing through retarder layer 420, when at first position 223 it is incident for the first time on the reflective polarizer when, light 136 has There is polarization state 143；Then across retarder layer 420 and after the reflection of part reflector 320, light has polarization state 144； Then light again passes through retarder layer 420 with polarization state 145, and is incident on reflection for the second time partially at the second position 224 It shakes on device 220.In some embodiments, polarization state 141 is linear polarization state, and retarder layer 520 is selected to polarize State 142 is oval or circular polarization state.If elsewhere herein further describes, retarder layer 520 can choose by suitable Fast axis orientation and delay at the position (origin 522) that selection light 136 is incident in retarder layer 520 polarize to realize State 142, wherein can be with by proper choice of refractive index contrast ratio outside refractive index contrast ratio in the plane of layer, plane and physical thickness Delay needed for obtaining.Similarly, retarder layer 420 can be incident on by proper choice of 136 first time of light and for the second time On position 423 and 425 at delay and fast axis be orientated to realize polarization state 144, can be oval or circular polarization state； And it can be incident at the position 427 in retarder layer 420 by proper choice of 420 glazed thread of retarder layer, 136 third time Delay and fast axis be orientated to realize the polarization state 145 for being transmitted through reflective polarizer 220.In some embodiments In, each position on reflective polarizer 220 has orthogonal light transmission and extinction state, since reflective polarizer to be formed to required shape Shape, the orthogonal light transmission and extinction state show some variations in different location.For example, in some embodiments, retarder layer At least one of 420 and 520 delay and/or fast axis orientation are spatially varying, so that polarization state 143 is in first position Substantially along extinction state at 223, and polarization state 145 at the second position 224 substantially along light transmission state.

The x-y-z coordinate system with reference to shown in Figure 1A, polarization state 141 and 143 are schematically shown as having in figure 1A There is the electric field polarized in the x direction.However, any one of these polarization states or both can be in addition to linear inclined in the x-direction Certain state except vibration.For example, polarization state 143 can be according to 420 He of retarder layer if polarization state 141 is linearly polarized 520 delay and fast axis orientation are elliptical polarized.In some embodiments, the fast axis of retarder layer 420 and 520 is approximate It is orthogonal, and the delay of retarder layer 420 and 520 is approximate quarter-wave, so that polarization state 141 and 143 is approximately uniform.Example Such as, in some embodiments, the fast axis of retarder layer 520 is substantially normal to retarder layer at origin 422 at origin 522 420 fast axis.In other embodiments, the fast axis less parallel of retarder layer 420 and 520, and retarder layer 420 Delay with 520 is approximate quarter-wave, so that the nearly orthogonal of polarization state 141 and 143.For example, in some embodiments, The fast axis of retarder layer 520 is arranged essentially parallel to the fast axis of retarder layer 420 at origin 422 at origin 522.However, such as Elsewhere herein further describes, the delay of one or both of retarder layer 420 and retarder layer 520 and/or fast light The alterable performance to improve optical system 1000 of axis orientation, therefore, fast axle orientation can be inaccurately on the region of delayer It is parallel or vertical, and postpone be accurate quarter-wave on the region of delayer.In some embodiments, prolong Slow device layer 520 has a first wave length dispersion curve, and retarder layer 420 has a different wavelength dispersion curves, such as herein its He further describes in place.

Optical system 1000 has optical axis 121.Optical system or optical lens in display system or optical system or The optical axis of optical element is construed as the axis at the center close to system or lens or optical element, wherein along optical axis Light pass through lens and/or optical element with minimum specific refraction so that along close but be different from the axis of optical axis and propagate Light undergo biggish specific refraction.In some embodiments, each of one or more lens are passing through one or more It is placed in the middle on the optical axis on the vertex of each of a lens.Along the light of optical axis may pass through lens and/or optical element without It is refracted or is substantially not refracted.It is substantially not refracted the light meaned Ru She on the surface and is transmitted through the surface Light between angle be no more than 15 degree.In some embodiments, the angle between incident ray and radioparent is less than 10 degree Or less than 5 degree or less than 3 degree or less than 2 degree.In some embodiments, the optical axis of optical system is such axis: so that edge The light propagated of the axis pass through one or more optical lenses, part reflector, reflective polarizer and retarder layer and basic On be not refracted.In some embodiments, one or more optical lenses are passed through along the light that the axis is propagated, part is reflected Device, reflective polarizer and retarder layer, and be refracted at any main surface of optical system no more than 10 degree or no more than 5 degree Or no more than 3 degree or no more than 2 degree.

If at least 60% transmission of the light at predetermined wavelength or in predetermined wavelength range with the first polarization state is logical Reflective polarizer is crossed, it can be said that substantially transmission has first to the polarizer at predetermined wavelength or in predetermined wavelength range The light of polarization state.In some embodiments, with the light of the first polarization state at predetermined wavelength or in predetermined wavelength range At least 70% or at least 80% be transmitted through polarizer.If having second at predetermined wavelength or in predetermined wavelength range At least the 60% of the light of polarization state is reflected from reflective polarizer, it can be said that the reflective polarizer is substantially reflected in predetermined wavelength Place or the light in predetermined wavelength range with the second polarization state.In some embodiments, there is the second polarization state and make a reservation for At least 70% or at least the 80% of the light of wavelength is reflected from polarizer.Predetermined wavelength can be the contrast ratio of optical system as maximum When wavelength, as elsewhere herein further describes.Predetermined wavelength range can be optical system or display system is designed For in the wave-length coverage wherein operated.For example, predetermined wavelength range can be visible range (400nm to 700nm).For another example, Predetermined wavelength range may include one or more visible wavelength regions.For example, predetermined wavelength range can be more than one narrow wave The union of long range is (for example, correspond to the disjoint red, green and blue wave-length coverage of the luminescent color of display panel Union).Such wave-length coverage further institute in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2017/0068100 (Ouderkirk et al.) It states, this application is hereinbefore herein incorporated by reference.In some embodiments, predetermined wavelength range includes other wavelength Range is (for example, infrared (for example, (about 700nm to about 2500nm)) or ultraviolet is (for example, (about 300nm is to about near ultraviolet for near-infrared 400nm)) and visible wavelength region.

If orientation or delay variation in the region of delayer or delayer are significantly less than another in optical system The orientation or delay variation in another of delayer or delayer region, then the region in delayer or delayer can be described as With substantially uniform orientation or substantially uniform delay.Similarly, if taking in the region of delayer or delayer To or delay variation be noticeably greater than another delayer or delayer in optical system another region orientation or delay Variation, then the region in delayer or delayer can be described as having orientation or substantially heterogeneous substantially heterogeneous Delay.For example, first area with substantially uniform delays and with non-homogeneous or substantially uneven-delay the secondth area The delayer in domain can be understood to mean that the maximum difference of the delay in first area is no more than the delay in second area The 20% of maximum difference.In some embodiments, the maximum difference of the delay in first area is no more than in second area The maximum difference of delay 10% or be no more than 5%.For another example, with the first area being substantially uniformly directed and with non-homogeneous Or the delayer of the second area of substantially Nonuniform orientation can be understood to mean that the fast axis in first area is orientated Maximum angle difference be no more than second area in fast axis orientation maximum angle difference 20%.In some embodiments, The maximum angle difference of fast axis orientation in first area is no more than the maximum angle difference of the fast axis orientation in second area 10% or be no more than 5%.

Figure 1A also schematically shows light 138.Light 138, which is propagated along optical axis 121 and passed through at origin 522, to be prolonged Slow device layer 520 passes through retarder layer 420 at origin 422 and passes through reflective polarizer 220 at origin 221.Figure 1B is optics 136 first time of light is incident on the schematic cross sectional views of a part on the origin 522 of retarder layer 520 in system 1000.Light Line 136 forms angle, θ with optical axis 121 at origin 522.Optical system 1000 also has at the origin 422 of retarder layer 420 The light (not shown) of angle, θ is incident in retarder layer 420 and formed at origin 422 with optical axis 121 for the first time.

In some embodiments, substantially reflection has the first polarization state (example to reflective polarizer 220 at predetermined wavelength Such as, polarization state 143) light, and substantially transmission have orthogonal second polarization state (for example, polarization state 145) light.Pre- standing wave Wavelength when the long contrast ratio that can be optical system 1000 is maximum, as elsewhere herein further describes.In some realities It applies in scheme, for, with the first polarization state and across the light of origin 522, retarder layer 520 is for edge at predetermined wavelength The light (such as, light 138) propagated of optical axis 121 light is converted into elliptically polarized light, and for along with optical axis The light (such as, light 136) that inclined direction is propagated is converted to circularly polarized light.In some embodiments, delayer is selected Layer 520, so that being circular polarized when being incident in retarder layer 420 along the light with the propagation of the direction of inclined light shaft.In In this case, the light can pass through retarder layer 520 after be elliptical polarized immediately, so as to correct lens 310 and/or Birefringent and/or so as to correction portion reflector 320 polarization effect in 510, so that delay ought be incident on for the first time When on device layer 420, which is circular polarized.It has been found that in some cases, when selection delay/fast axle orientation is to generate Outside axis when circularly polarized light, even if to cause the elliptically polarized light on axis as cost, it is also possible to obtain improved optical property.At it In his embodiment, retarder layer 520 will be converted to circularly polarized light for the light light propagated along optical axis 121, and For the light is converted to elliptically polarized light along the light with the propagation of the direction of inclined light shaft.It can be by proper choice of prolonging The delay of slow device layer 520 and fast axis orientation carry out selective transmission by the polarization state of the light of retarder layer 520, if this paper is other Side further describes.For example, if light 138 is along x-axis when being incident in retarder layer 520 for the first time at origin 522 Linear polarization, and if retarder layer 520 has at origin 522 relative to x-axis into the fast light at 45 degree of angles in an x-y plane Axis, and there is at origin 522 delay of a quarter of wavelength for light 138, then retarder layer 520 is by light 138 Circular polarization state is converted to from linear polarization state.

In some embodiments, at least one of retarder layer 420 and 520 is integrated delayer, this integrally postpones Device has first at least one first position, the first orientation relative to the first polarization state and predetermined wavelength to postpone, at least One different second position is prolonged relative to different second at the different second orientations and predetermined wavelength of the first polarization state Late.Such patterned retarder layer is further described in elsewhere herein.Can according to the fast axis of integrated delayer with Angle between the axis of first polarization state describes first orientation and second orientation relative to the first polarization state.For example, one Delayer can have the fast axis being orientated with the extinction axis with reflective polarizer 220 at 35 degree to 55 degree of angle.

In some embodiments, relative to the first polarization state, retarder layer 520 has basic in retarder layer 520 Upper uniform orientation and delay heterogeneous, and retarder layer 420 has the substantially uniform delay in retarder layer 420 With orientation heterogeneous.In some embodiments, relative to the first polarization state, retarder layer 520 has in retarder layer 520 Above substantially uniform orientation and uniform delay, and retarder layer 420 is with substantially non-homogeneous in retarder layer 420 Delay and orientation heterogeneous.In other embodiments, relative to the first polarization state, retarder layer 420, which has, to be postponed Substantially uniform orientation and delay heterogeneous on device layer 420, and retarder layer 520 has the base in retarder layer 520 Uniform delay and orientation heterogeneous in sheet.In some embodiments, relative to the first polarization state, retarder layer 420 has There are substantially uniform orientation and uniform delay in retarder layer 420, and retarder layer 520 has in retarder layer Delay substantially heterogeneous and orientation heterogeneous on 520.

In some embodiments, at origin 221, substantially reflection has delustring to reflective polarizer at predetermined wavelength The light that the light of polarization state and substantially transmission have orthogonal light transmission polarization state, so that for along optical axis and in origin The first light of predetermined wavelength and delustring polarization state is incident in retarder layer 520 and had at 522, is incident on when for the first time When on reflective polarizer 220, which includes the first polarization state, and ought be incident on for the second time on reflective polarizer 220 When, which includes the second polarization state, difference between the first polarization state and delustring polarization state less than the second polarization state and Difference between light transmission polarization state.The quantization of difference between polarization state is described elsewhere herein.It has been found that minimizing Difference between first polarization state and delustring polarization state is preferred in some cases, or even with the second polarization state of increase and thoroughly Difference between polarization state is cost, because it has been found that this can reduce ghost image and increase contrast ratio.

In some embodiments, the delustring with predetermined wavelength and reflective polarizer 220 at origin 221 is polarized State and the light 136 for being incident in retarder layer 520 and being formed with optical axis 121 angle, θ for the first time at the first origin 522, When at first position 223 it is incident for the first time on the reflective polarizer when, light 136 is substantially reflected, and when second At position 224 second it is incident on the reflective polarizer when, which is substantially transmitted.For θ at an angle in origin One group of light being incident in retarder layer 520 at 522, first position 223 and the second position 224 can be described as the function of θ Energy.Light 136 has non-zero θ, and light 138 has zero θ.The first position and the second position of light 138 are all that reflection is inclined The origin 221 of vibration device 220.In some embodiments, for non-zero θ, first position and the second position at a distance from optical axis 121 It is different.In some embodiments, at the second position 224 polarization state of light 136 and reflective polarizer 220 light transmission polarization state Between difference it is larger when θ is zero and smaller when θ is not zero.It has been found that in some cases, working as the second position Difference at 224 between the polarization state of light 136 and the light transmission polarization state of reflective polarizer 220 outside axis when lower (non-zero θ), Even if with this difference higher on axis (zero θ) for cost, it is also possible to obtain improved optical property.

Fig. 1 C and Fig. 1 D are the schematic cross sectional views of the alternative solution on the curved surface of lens with layer.In Fig. 1 C institute In the embodiment shown, layer 520c is arranged in the planar major surface of substrate 510c.Layer 520c can correspond to such as retarder layer 520, and substrate 510c can correspond to such as lens 510.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 D, layer 520d setting is saturating in plano-convex On the flat surfaces of mirror 510d.Layer 520c can correspond to such as retarder layer 520, and substrate 510c can correspond to such as lens 510.In other embodiments, layer 520d is arranged in the flat or substantially flat surface of plano-concave lens.Similarly, In In some embodiments, any one or more of part reflector 320, retarder layer 420 and reflective polarizer 220 can be set It sets in flat or substantially flat main surface.Any kind of suitable lens can be used.In some embodiments, optical system One or more lens of system are that plano-convex lens, plano-concave lens, biconvex lens, biconcave lens, positive meniscus shaped lens, negative bent moon are saturating One of mirror, variable refractive index lens (for example, gradient-index lens) and Fresnel lens.

In some embodiments, one or both of retarder layer 420 and 520 is arranged in curved main surface. In some embodiments, curved main surface around a bending shaft or surrounds two orthogonal bending shafts.In some implementations In scheme, one or both of retarder layer 420 and 520 is substantially flat.Substantially flat layer it is understood that Nominally to mean that the layer is flat, but can have some curvature since for example common manufacture changes, Huo Zheke At least 10 times of curvature of the distance with the diaphragm surface from imaging surface (for example, from display panel) to optical system half Diameter.In some embodiments, retarder layer 520 is arranged on a display panel, or the flat base without diopter is arranged in On plate.

In some embodiments, retarder layer 520 has the physical thickness different from retarder layer 420.For example, one In a little embodiments, retarder layer 520 has the physical thickness bigger than retarder layer 420 (such as Fig. 1 D is schematically shown). In other embodiments, retarder layer 520 has than the smaller physical thickness of retarder layer 420.When different materials is used for When different retarder layer, it may be desirable to utilize different physical thickness, so as to make each retarder layer have approximation four/ The delay of one wave.Different materials be may be expected to use in order to provide different dispersion curves, for example, as elsewhere herein into The description of one step.In some embodiments, since retarder layer has different geometries, it may be desirable to different delayers Layer (for example, different liquid-crystal compositions, uses liquid crystal material to a delayer, and prolongs another using different materials Slow device uses orientated polymer (for example, polycarbonate)).For example, some achromatic phase retarders may be not easy to conform to bending Surface.In this case, achromatic phase retarders can be used on flat surfaces or surface with lower curvature, and can be with Different delayers (for example, different achromatic phase retarders or colored delayer) is used on the surface with high curvature. Any one of retarder layer 420 and 520 can be spun onto the respective major surface of lens or substrate.The thickness of spin coating delayer It is alterable, and two retarder layers can have different average physical thickness.In some embodiments, the first retarder layer (for example, corresponding to one of retarder layer 420 and 520) includes that the first spin coating with smaller average first physical thickness is prolonged Slow device layer, and the second retarder layer (for example, corresponding to the other of retarder layer 420 and 520) includes with bigger flat Second spin coating retarder layer of equal second physical thickness.

Fig. 1 E to Fig. 1 F is the schematic plan view of the retarder layer 420 and 520 of optical system 1000, wherein retarder layer It overlaps each other.The first light in optical system 1000 is incident on first position 2367 (for example, it can correspond to origin 522) Place intersect with retarder layer 520, and at the second position 2369 (for example, it can correspond to one of position 423 and 425) and Retarder layer 420 intersects.Be incident on the second light in optical system 1000 at the third place 2467 with 520 phase of retarder layer It hands over, and intersects at the 4th position 2469 with retarder layer 420.In the embodiment of Fig. 1 E, retarder layer 420 and 520 Fast axle less parallel (for example, in 20 degree or at 10 degree parallel interior), and in the embodiment of Fig. 1 F, retarder layer 420 With 520 fast axle nearly orthogonal (for example, in 20 degree or in 10 degree vertically).

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 E, in the plan view, delayer 520 has at first position 2367 and y-axis The fast axle 2367a of angled γ 1, and delayer 420 has the fast axle that γ 2 is at an angle of with y-axis at the second position 2369 2369a.In the plan view, the fast axle 2367a of the retarder layer 520 at first position 2367 and the delay at the second position 2369 The fast axle 2369a of device layer 420 forms first angle each other | γ 2- γ 1 |.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 E, in plan view In, delayer 520 has the fast axle 2467a that γ 1 is at an angle of with y-axis at the third place 2467, and delayer 420 is the 4th There is the fast axle 2469a that γ 4 is at an angle of with y-axis at position 2469.In the plan view, the retarder layer at the third place 2467 The fast axle 2469a of retarder layer 420 at 520 fast axle 2467a and the 4th position 2469 forms first angle each other | γ 3- γ 4|.In some embodiments, first angle and second angle are essentially equal.In some embodiments, first angle and Second angle is different.In some embodiments, first angle and second angle are in mutual 5 degree.In some embodiments In, each of first angle and second angle are no more than 10 degree or no more than 5 degree.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 F, in the plan view, delayer 520 has at first position 2367 and y-axis The fast axle 2367b of angled γ 1, and delayer 420 has the fast axle that γ 2 is at an angle of with y-axis at the second position 2369 2369b.In the plan view, the fast axle 2367b of the retarder layer 520 at first position 2367 and the delay at the second position 2369 The fast axle 2369b of device layer 420 forms first angle each other | γ 1- γ 2 |.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 F, in plan view In, delayer 520 has the fast axle 2467b that γ 3 is at an angle of with y-axis at the third place 2467, and delayer 420 is the 4th There is the fast axle 2469b that γ 4 is at an angle of with y-axis at position 2469.In the plan view, the retarder layer at the third place 2467 The fast axle 2469b of retarder layer 420 at 520 fast axle 2467b and the 4th position 2469 forms first angle each other | γ 3- γ 4|.In some embodiments, each of first angle and second angle 80 to 100 degree in the range of, or 85 to In the range of 95 degree.

For example, optical lens can be made of any suitable lens material, such as polycarbonate or glass.In some realities It applies in scheme, optical lens is formed in insert molding techniques.For example, reflective polarizer can be formed to required shape, then Optical lens can be insert molded on reflective polarizer.

In some embodiments, reflective polarizer and part reflector can relative to the relative position of observer and object It is opposite with embodiment shown in figure 1A.Fig. 2 be for by transmitted light and/or be used for observer 111 show object 101 light The schematic diagram of system 1001.Other than the additional polariser 361 of the relative position of all parts and additional optional, optical system System 1001 can correspond to optical system 1000.For example, object 101 can be the image on display or display.Optical system 1001 include optical lens 211,411 and 311, reflective polarizer 222, part reflector 321 and retarder layer 421 and 521. Optical lens 211 has opposite the first main surface 213 and the second main surface 215, and optical lens 311 has opposite first main Surface 313 and the second main surface 315, and optical lens 411 has opposite the first main surface 413 and the second main surface 415. Reflective polarizer 222 is arranged in and conforms in the main surface 215 of optical lens 211.Part reflector 321 setting and it is conformal In in the main surface 315 of optical lens 311.Retarder layer 421 is arranged in and conforms in the main surface 415 of optical lens 411. Retarder layer 521 is arranged in and conforms in the main surface 313 of optical lens 311.In other embodiments, reflective polarizer 222, the embodiment illustrated with Fig. 2 is arranged in one or more of part reflector 321 and retarder layer 421 and 521 Shown in different main surface.For example, in reflective polarizer 222, part reflector 321 and retarder layer 421 and 521 Any one or more persons can be set in the corresponding main surfaces of respective lens, or in the another one of setting in these layers, together When keep these layers from observer 111 to the relative ranks of object 101.

Optical system 1001 further includes optional additional polariser 361.In the embodiment of illustration, sent out by object 101 The light 236 penetrated has polarization state 146 after passing through reflective polarizer 222.A part of light 236 is from part reflector 321 reflections are passed through retarder layer 421 and are reflected with polarization state 147 from reflective polarizer 222.A part of these light passes through Part reflector 321 and retarder layer 521, and be incident on polarizer 361 with polarization state 148 and be transmitted to observer 111. Another part of light 236 is transmitted through part reflector 321, then by retarder layer 521, and works as and is incident on polarizer There is polarization state 149 when on 361.The part of light 236 is by 361 delustring of polarizer and is not transmitted to observer 111.In example In the embodiment shown, retarder layer 421 and 521 has the fast axle of nearly orthogonal each other.In other embodiments, delayer Layer 421 and 521 has fast axle substantially parallel to each other, and 148 nearly orthogonal of polarization state is in polarization state 147.In some implementations In scheme, at least one of retarder layer 421 and 521 has delay heterogeneous and/or fast axle heterogeneous orientation.One In a little embodiments, retarder layer 521 has first wave length dispersion curve, and retarder layer 421 has the second different waves Long dispersion curve.

Optical system 1001 has optical axis 122, so that passing through one or more optical lens along the light that optical axis 122 is propagated Mirror 211,411 and 311, part reflector 321, reflective polarizer 222 and retarder layer 421 and 521 and do not rolled over substantially It penetrates.Light 237 at origin 429 for the first time incident retarder layer 421 and with optical axis 122 at non-zero angle θ.

In some embodiments, substantially reflection has the first polarization state (example to reflective polarizer 222 at predetermined wavelength Such as, polarization state 147) light, and substantially transmission have orthogonal second polarization state (for example, polarization state 146) light.Pre- standing wave Wavelength when the long contrast ratio that can be optical system 1001 is maximum, as elsewhere herein further describes.In some realities It applies in scheme, for, with the first polarization state and across the light of the first origin 429, retarder layer 421 is right at predetermined wavelength The light is converted into elliptically polarized light in the light propagated along optical axis 122, and for along the direction with inclined light shaft The light is converted to circularly polarized light by the light of propagation.

In some embodiments, retarder layer 521 have in retarder layer 521 it is substantially uniform orientation and it is non- Even delay, and retarder layer 421 has substantially uniform delay and orientation heterogeneous in retarder layer 421.In It, can be relative to the first polarization state (for example, between fast axis and the axis (for example, extinction axis) of the first polarization state under some cases Angle) specified retarder layer 421 or 521 orientation.First polarization state can be disappearing for the reflective polarizer 220 at origin 221 Light state, and similarly, the second polarization state can be the light transmission state of the reflective polarizer 220 at origin 225.

In some embodiments, relative to the first polarization state, retarder layer 421 has basic in retarder layer 421 Upper uniform orientation and delay heterogeneous, and retarder layer 521 has the substantially uniform delay in retarder layer 521 With orientation heterogeneous.In some embodiments, relative to the first polarization state, retarder layer 521 has in retarder layer 521 Above substantially uniform orientation and uniform delay, and retarder layer 421 is with substantially non-homogeneous in retarder layer 421 Delay and orientation heterogeneous.In some embodiments, relative to the first polarization state, retarder layer 421, which has, to be postponed Substantially uniform orientation and uniform delay on device layer 421, and retarder layer 521 is with basic in retarder layer 521 Upper delay heterogeneous and orientation heterogeneous.

Alternate embodiment is shown in FIG. 3, which is the schematic cross sectional views of display system 1500, the display system packet It includes optical system 1400 and emits the display 635 of image 639.Optical system 1400 includes optical lens 610 and optical lens 620, optical lens 610 has opposite main surface 614 and 616, and optical lens 620 has opposite 624 He of main surface 626.Part reflector 660 is arranged in the main surface 614 of optical lens 610, and retarder layer 670 is arranged in optical lens In 610 main surface 616.Reflective polarizer 630 is arranged in the main surface 626 of optical lens 620, and retarder layer 640 It is arranged on reflective polarizer 630.Show light 636,637 and 638.Light 636 is the master from the edge-emission of image 639 Light.Light 636 is incident on reflective polarizer 630 for the first time at first position 607, and the at the second position 609 It is secondary to be incident on reflective polarizer 630.Light 638 is propagated along optical axis 641, and the optical axis is at the first origin 671 and postpones Device layer 670 intersects, and intersects at the second origin 631 with reflective polarizer 630.Light 637 enters for the first time at origin 671 It penetrates in retarder layer 670 and forms angle, θ with optical axis 641.Light 637 is incident on reflection for the first time at first position 632 On polarizer 630, and it is incident on reflective polarizer 630 for the second time at the second position 633.

It is the emergent pupil 235 of d that optical system 1400, which has diameter,.In some embodiments, the diameter of emergent pupil In the range of about 4.5mm to about 6mm.The f number of optical system is the focal length and emergent light of one or more optical lenses in total The ratio between diameter d of pupil.In some embodiments, f number is about 0.2 to about 2.5.The diameter of emergent pupil refers to emergent pupil Maximum transverse size (for example, being catercorner length in the case where rectangular output pupil).In some embodiments, optical system System is configured for head-mounted display, so that when head-mounted display observed person wears, emergent pupil 235 and observer Eyes pupil overlapping.

As used herein, term such as " about " by those of ordinary skill in the art will be used in the present specification and be described Understand in context.If applied in the context that those of ordinary skill in the art use in the present specification and describe to " about " It is unclear in the use of the amount of expression characteristic size, quantity and physical property, then " about " will be understood as the 10% of specified amount with Interior average value.As used herein, term such as will will " substantially " be made in the present specification by those of ordinary skill in the art Understood in the context with description.If in the context that those of ordinary skill in the art use in the present specification and describe Unclear to the use of " substantially parallel ", then " substantially parallel " will refer in parallel 10 degree.If the common skill in this field It is unclear to using for " substantially vertical " or " substantially orthogonal to " in the context that art personnel use in the present specification and describe Chu, then " substantially vertical " or " substantially orthogonal to " will refer in parallel 10 degree.

In some embodiments, substantially reflection has the first polarization state to reflective polarizer 630 at predetermined wavelength The light that light and substantially transmission have orthogonal second polarization state.The contrast ratio that predetermined wavelength can be optical system 1400 is most Wavelength when big, as elsewhere herein further describes.In some embodiments, for having first at predetermined wavelength The light is converted to the light propagated along optical axis 641 by polarization state and the light for passing through origin 671, retarder layer 670 Elliptically polarized light, and for the light is converted to circularly polarized light along the light with the propagation of the direction of inclined light shaft.

In some embodiments, for postponing at predetermined wavelength with the transmitting chief ray of the first polarization state, first The chief ray is converted to circularly polarized light for the chief ray of the edge-emission from image 639 by device layer 670, and for along light The chief ray is converted to elliptically polarized light by the chief ray that axis 641 is propagated.

In some embodiments, at least one of retarder layer 640 and 670 has first area and second area, As elsewhere herein further describes.In some embodiments, first area has substantially uniform delay, and the Two regions have delay heterogeneous.In some embodiments, first area is orientated with substantially uniform fast axis, and And second area has orientation heterogeneous.In some embodiments, first area is interior zone, and second area is Essentially around the neighboring area of interior zone.

In some embodiments, retarder layer 640 and 670 has different wavelength dispersion curves.In some embodiment party In case, the quarter-wave delayer that retarder layer 670 is first wave strong point but is not different at second wave length, and postpone Device layer 640 is the quarter-wave delayer for not being at second wave length but not first wave strong point.

Fig. 4 be include optical system 1900 and display 703 display system 2000 schematic cross sectional views.Display 703 emit pencil 717,727 and 737 from position 715,725 and 735 respectively.In some embodiments, pencil 717, Each light in 727 and 737 has common polarization state, and (for example, for the light in y-z plane, the first polarization state can be with It is that there is the polarization state (such as, polarization state 141) for the electric field for being parallel to the direction x or can be to have to polarize in y-z plane Electric field polarization state (such as, polarization state 145)).For example, when display emission linear polarization light, it may occur that such case. Each of pencil 717,727 and 737 is substantially filled with the emergent pupil 835 of optical system 1900.Fill emergent pupil At least 90% pencil of area can be described as being substantially filled with emergent pupil.Position 715 is located to be sent out by display 703 The edge at the edge for the image penetrated and close display 703.Position 735 is located at the center of display 703.Display 703 is distinguished Emit multiple chief rays 710,720 and 730 from position 715,725 and 735.Show rim ray 711,712,721,722 with And 731 and 732.Chief ray intersects at the center of emergent pupil 835 with emergent pupil 835, and rim ray is in emergent pupil 835 boundary intersects with emergent pupil 835.Rim ray 711 and 712 emits from position 715 identical with chief ray 710； Rim ray 721 and 722 emits from position 725 identical with chief ray 720；And rim ray 731 and 732 from chief ray 730 identical positions 735 emit.Chief ray 730 is propagated along optical axis 740, and chief ray 710 and 720 is in optical axis 740 Different intervals.

Optical system 1900 includes the lens 810 with the first main surface 814 and the second main surface 812, the first main table It is provided with the first optical stack 815 on face, and is provided with the second optical stack 813 in second main surface.First optics is folded Heap 815 includes the part reflector being arranged in the first main surface 814 and the first retarder layer being arranged on part reflector. In alternative embodiment, the first retarder layer is arranged on display 703 or is arranged between lens 810 and display 703 Substrate (for example, another lens) on.Second optical stack 813 includes the second delayer being arranged in the second main surface 812 Layer and the reflective polarizer being arranged in the second retarder layer.Pencil 717 is incident on for the first time on the first incident area A1 In first retarder layer, and it is incident in the second retarder layer for the first time on the second incident area A2.Similarly, pencil Each of 727 and 737 are incident in the first retarder layer for the first time on the first incident area, and in the second incidence zone It is incident in the second retarder layer for the first time on domain.In some embodiments, the diameter of emergent pupil 835 about 4.5mm extremely In the range of about 6mm.In some embodiments, the f number of optical system 1900 is about 0.2 to about 2.5.In some embodiments In, each of pencil 717,727 and 737 is substantially filled with emergent pupil 835.In some embodiments, corresponding The average retardation of the first retarder layer and each of the second retarder layer on one incident area and the second incident area exists In the 10% of a quarter of predetermined wavelength.In other embodiments, the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer are averaged Delay distortion is each other and to deviate a quarter of predetermined wavelength be more than 10%.For example, height non-telecentric system (for example, with The system that the maximum chief ray angle of optical axis is greater than 60 degree) in, it may be desirable to a quarter phase of average retardation and predetermined wavelength Difference is more than 10%.Unless otherwise stated, the average retardation refers respectively to limit incident area and has predetermined wavelength Unweighted mean on the first incident area and the second incident area of pencil delay experienced.Predetermined wavelength can be The wavelength when contrast ratio of optical system 1900 is maximum, as elsewhere herein further describes.Predetermined wavelength can be predetermined In wave-length coverage, the predetermined wavelength range can be wave-length coverage that optical system 1900 is intended to wherein be operated (for example, The visible range of 400nm to 700nm).

In some embodiments, substantially reflection has the light of the first polarization state simultaneously to reflective polarizer at predetermined wavelength And substantially transmit the light with orthogonal second polarization state.In some embodiments, for having first at predetermined wavelength The light of polarization state and the origin across the first retarder layer intersected with optical axis 740, the first retarder layer is for along optical axis The light is converted to elliptically polarized light by 740 light propagated, and for along the light with the propagation of the direction of inclined light shaft The light is converted into circularly polarized light.

In some embodiments, for multiple chief rays for being emitted by display 703 (for example, chief ray 710,720 and 730), each chief ray with the first polarization state and has the interval different away from optical axis 740 at predetermined wavelength, the first delay The chief ray is converted to circularly polarized light by device layer.In some embodiments, for being emitted by display 703 and in predetermined wavelength Locate each chief ray with the first polarization state, which is converted to circularly polarized light by the first retarder layer.

In some embodiments, for the multiple chief rays 720 and 730 emitted by display 703, each chief ray exists With the first polarization state and with the interval different away from optical axis 740 at predetermined wavelength, the first retarder layer is with predetermined wavelength A quarter 10% in delay.In some embodiments, in order to have the first retarder layer for each chief ray Have a delay in the 10% of a quarter of predetermined wavelength, the first retarder layer be spatially it is non-uniform, so as to for from Needed for different location transmitting on display and the chief ray when incident first retarder layer with different incidence angles provide Delay.

In some embodiments, for postponing at predetermined wavelength with the transmitting chief ray of the first polarization state, first The chief ray is converted the chief ray (for example, the chief ray 710 emitted from position 715) of the edge-emission from image by device layer For circularly polarized light, and the chief ray (for example, chief ray 730) for being propagated along optical axis 740 chief ray is converted to it is ellipse Circularly polarized light.In some embodiments, at predetermined wavelength and the first polarization state and at least one on display 703 A position (for example, position 725), the first retarder layer will emit chief ray and rim ray (for example, respectively 720 He of light 721) elliptically polarized light is converted to, and at least one other transmitting light (for example, light 726) is converted into circularly polarized light.

In some embodiments, optical axis 740 intersects at the first origin with the first retarder layer, and in the second origin Intersect with reflective polarizer at place.In some embodiments of optical system 1900, for having pre- standing wave at the second origin It long and reflective polarizer delustring polarization state and is incident in the first retarder layer for the first time at the first origin simultaneously and optical axis 740 form the light of angle, θs, when at first position it is incident for the first time on the reflective polarizer when, the light is substantially anti- Penetrate, and when the second place second it is incident on the reflective polarizer when, which is substantially transmitted, the second place Difference between the polarization state of the light and the light transmission polarization state of reflective polarizer is larger when θ is zero, and when θ is not zero It is smaller.

In some embodiments, each position on reflective polarizer has corresponding mutually orthogonal light transmission polarization state With delustring polarization state, so that at each position, substantially reflection has delustring polarization state to reflective polarizer at predetermined wavelength Light and substantially transmission have light transmission polarization state light.

In some embodiments, each of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer have variable delay and can Become at least one of orientation, so that for the multiple chief rays (for example, chief ray 720 and 730) emitted by display 703, Each chief ray is had predetermined wavelength and is emitted with the interval different from optical axis 740, when being incident on reflective polarizer for the first time On first position (for example, first position 607 shown in Fig. 3) at when, which is substantially reflected, and when second When at the secondary incident second position (for example, the second position 609 shown in Fig. 3) on the reflective polarizer, the chief ray is basic On be transmitted, the difference between the polarization state of second place chief ray and the light transmission polarization state of second place reflective polarizer Less than about 0.07 or be less than about 0.05 or be less than about 0.03 or be less than about 0.02 or be even less than about 0.01.In contrast, when Each of one retarder layer and the second retarder layer are the quarter-wave delayers for having uniform delays He being uniformly directed When, which is typically about 0.09.In some embodiments, the polarization state of second place chief ray polarization axle (for example, The linear polarization axis or long axis of polarization ellipse) and second place reflective polarizer light transmission polarization state polarization axle between angle Degree is less than about 15 degree or less than about 10 degree or less than about 5 degree.In some embodiments, the polarization state of second place chief ray Difference between the light transmission polarization state of second place reflective polarizer is less than second place key light in Comparison optical system Difference between the polarization state of line and the light transmission polarization state of second place reflective polarizer 0.8 or less than 0.6 times, this compares Optical system is equivalent to the optical system, the difference is that the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer are replaced by optical axis At the position intersected with the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer have corresponding to the optical system the first retarder layer and The first retarder layer and the second retarder layer of the delay of second retarder layer and the uniform delays of orientation and orientation.

If elsewhere herein further describes, the difference between two polarization states can quantify in 0 to 1 scale, Wherein difference means that two polarization states are identical for 0, and difference means that two polarization states are orthogonal for 1.In some embodiments In, at least one chief ray in multiple chief rays, first position and the second position on reflective polarizer are different Position.

In some embodiments, at least one of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer have first area and Second area, as elsewhere herein further describes.In some embodiments, first area has substantially uniform prolong Late, and second area has delay heterogeneous.In some embodiments, first area has substantially uniform fast light Axis orientation, and second area has orientation heterogeneous.In some embodiments, first area is interior zone, and Second area is the neighboring area essentially around interior zone.

In some embodiments, the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer have different wavelength dispersion curves.In In some embodiments, the first retarder layer is first wave strong point but is not different the delay of the quarter-wave at second wave length Device, and the second retarder layer is the quarter-wave delayer for not being at second wave length but not first wave strong point.

The embodiment with one, two, three or four optical lens has been shown in particular herein.It should be appreciated that can To include additional optical lens, and many attributes described for a kind of arrangement of optical lens are suitable for optical lens Other arrangements.It should be appreciated that be directed to the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer spaced apart of optical system description Property (for example, delay distribution, fast axis distribution of orientations, wavelength dispersion curve) is also applied for corresponding to the optical system but have The optical lens of different number or its with the various layers in the different main surfaces that one or more optical lenses are arranged in His optical system.

Fig. 5 A and 5B are the signals with focal length f and the optical lens 378 with the main surface 379 that radius of curvature is R Property cross-sectional view.Lens 378 have the diopter of 1/f.In some embodiments, one or more optical lenses of optical system There is non-zero diopter at least one direction (for example, focusing the light on focal line).In some embodiments, optical system One or more optical lenses of system have non-zero diopter on both direction (for example, focusing light in focus).One In a little embodiments, the lens with non-zero diopter have at least one curved main surface.In some embodiments, make With the Fresnel lens that can have or can not have curved surface or by using can have or can not have curved surface Variable refractive index lens realize non-zero diopter.In some embodiments, at least one of one or more optical lenses The radius of curvature R of main surface is at least 6mm or at least 10mm, and is less than 1000mm or is less than 600mm.For example, in some realities It applies in scheme, the radius of curvature R of at least one main surface of one or more optical lenses is about 6mm to about 1000mm.One In a little embodiments, focal length (inverse of total diopter of one or more optical lenses) In of one or more lens totality In the range of 0.5mm to 50mm or in the range of 1mm to 25mm.In some embodiments, the f number of optical system is at least About 0.1 or at least about 0.2 or at least about 0.3, and no more than about 3.0 or no more than about 2.5 or no more than about 2.2.

In some embodiments, at least the one of reflective polarizer, part reflector, retarder layer and/or optical lens A main surface surrounds two orthogonal bending shafts.For example, reflective polarizer may be provided in the spherical shape or non-spherical surface of lens.Figure 6 be to have vertex 757 (it is the maximum point on curved surface or layer 827 in the z-direction) and around two quadrature axis (for example, x Axis and y-axis) curved curved surface or layer 827 cross-sectional view.It is inclined that layer 827 can be part reflector, retarder layer or reflection Shake device.Alternatively, for example, the curve of layer 827 is construed as the curved surface of description lens.Layer 827 has at least one First position 752, the position have the radial distance r1 away from the optical axis 840 for passing through vertex 757, and away from vertical at vertex 757 Directly in the displacement s1 of the plane 847 (being parallel to x-y plane) of optical axis 840.In some embodiments, layer 827 is polarization by reflection Device, and ratio s1/r1 is at least 0.1 or at least 0.2, and it is smaller than 0.8 or less than 0.6.For example, in some embodiments In, s1/r1 is in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 or in the range of 0.3 to 0.6.Layer 827 has at least one second position 754, The position has the displacement s2 of radial distance r2 and anomaly face 847 away from optical axis 1040.In some embodiments, layer 827 It is reflective polarizer, and s2/r2 is at least 0.3, and is smaller than 0.8.Layer 827 has diameter D, maximum sag Sm and top Radius of curvature R at point 757.In some embodiments, each of reflective polarizer and at least one retarder layer enclose Around two orthogonal bending shafts.In some embodiments, each of reflective polarizer, retarder layer and part reflector enclose Around two orthogonal bending shafts.

In some embodiments, layer 827 surrounds 840 rotational symmetry of optical axis or substantially rotational symmetry.If surface, film Or the azimuthal variation in the shape of component is not greater than about 10%, it can be said that the surface, film or component are substantially rotations pair Claim.Azimuthal variation refers to that azimuthal coordinate surrounds the variation of the optical axis 840 by vertex 757.In some embodiments, The azimuthal variation of s1/r1 is less than 10% or less than 8% or less than 6% or less than 4% or less than 2% or less than 1% or even Less than 0.5%.One or more positions 752 can be the position ring with the common radial distance r1 away from optical axis 840, and phase As, one or more positions 754 can be the position ring with the common radial distance r2 away from optical axis 840.If the shape of film For the lens that the azimuthal variation of shape is sufficiently small and makes film that can be molded into rotational symmetry without making film wrinkle, then can claim film is rotation Turn symmetrical.The region A1 of coordinate s1 and coordinate r1 confining layers 827, the region have the radial position for being no more than r1 away from optical axis 840 It sets, or with the distance for being no more than s1 away from vertex 757 along optical axis.

Fig. 7 A is the front schematic view of reflective polarizer 927, which can correspond to layer 827, is had along light The origin of axis 940 or vertex 857.Reflective polarizer 927 is around two quadrature axis (for example, x-axis and y-axis) bendings.Fig. 7 B is anti- The front schematic view for penetrating polarizer 927, that schematically shows light transmission shafts and the possible space of the orientation of extinction axis to change. Reflective polarizer 927 has orthogonal light transmission shaft 857p and extinction axis 857b at vertex 857.Reflective polarizer 927 is first There is orthogonal light transmission shaft 852p and extinction axis 852b at position 852, and there is orthogonal light transmission shaft at the second position 853 853p and extinction axis 853b.In embodiment party's case of illustration, light transmission shaft 852p and extinction axis 852b substantially with light transmission shaft 857p and extinction axis 857b alignment, and light transmission shaft 853p and extinction axis 853b relative to light transmission shaft 857p and 857b couples of extinction axis Quasi- axis rotates angle [alpha].If the corresponding angle at different location on curved surfaces between axis that curved surface is tangent The tangent line of most short smoothed curve on curved surface between two positions is identical, it can be said that these axis are aligned with each other.This It schematically shows in fig. 7 c, which is the front plan view of curved surface 1727, shows at first position 1757 First axle 1753-1 and the second axis 1753-2 at one axis 1757-1 and the second axis 1757-2 and the second position 1753.First axle 1757-1 and the second axis 1757-2 are tangent with surface 1727 at first position 1757, and first axle 1753-1 and the second axis 1753-2 is tangent with surface 1727 at the second position 1753.Due to surface 1727 be it is curved, first axle 1753-1 and Second axis 1753-2 is usually in the plane different from first axle 1757-1 and the second axis 1757-2.In first position 1757 and Most funiclar curve 1777 is shown between two positions 1753.Most funiclar curve 1777 be shown as be in the plan view it is linear, still In other cases, curve 1777 can be nonlinear in pan view.First axle 1757- at first position 1757 Angle is shown between 1 and curve 1777Corresponding angle between first axle 1753-1 and curve 1777 is alsoSo that the One axis 1757-1 and first axle 1753-1 alignment.Similarly, the second axis 1757-2 at first position 1757 and curve 1777 it Between angle be equal to the second position 1753 at the second axis 1753-2 and curve 1777 between corresponding angle (90 degree subtract), Therefore the second axis 1757-2 and the second axis 1753-2 alignment.First position 1757 is located at the origin 1740 of curved surface, the original The position putting the mass center that can be surface and/or vertex and/or intersecting with the optical axis for the optical system for including curved surface 1727. By being oriented such that them such as first axle 1757-1 and second on the axis being aligned with first axle 1757-1 and the second axis 1757-2 Axis 1757-2 forms identical corresponding angle relative to the most funiclar curve between point and first position like that, can be on surface 1727 On each point at limit these axis.Can relative to at optical axis limit axis (for example, axis 857b and/or 857p) be aligned and The local transparent and extinction axis at each point on reflective polarizer are specified with the tangent axis of reflective polarizer.For example, position 853 The axis 853a at place is aligned with extinction axis 857b, because axis 853a and 857b are tangent with reflective polarizer 927 and relative to position Set the most funiclar curve angle having the same between 857 and 853.

Reflective polarizer 927 can be polymeric multilayer reflective polarizer, and can have substantially single at vertex 857 At least one layer (for example, layer 1092 of Fig. 8) of axis orientation.For example, for the reflective polarizer 927 at vertex 857, at least one A layer of orientation can be in extinction axis 857b.In some embodiments, reflective polarizer 927 further includes at least one layer, should Base at (for example, at position 853) at least one first position of at least one layer at least one layer far from optical axis 940 It is optically biaxial in sheet, and basic at least one second place (for example, at position 852) far from optical axis 940 On be optically uniaxial.

Polymeric multilayer optical film can be shaped (for example, hot forming) to provide reflective polarizer 927.Optical film just begins At least one layer with uniaxial orientation has extinction axis in the y-direction.During formation, optical film is stretched to conform to The shape of tool.Optical film be stretched be since it is desirable that shape be around two orthogonal axis bendings.In contrast , optical film will not need to be stretched to conform to the shape only around a bending shaft.Forming process can make optics Film substantially uniaxial orientation (because film stretched at this location along differently- oriented directivity during formation) at position 852, but by It is stretched in optical film when being formed and leads to the biaxial orientation at position 853.In the embodiment that Fig. 7 A is illustrated, extinction axis 853b offset alpha degree at first position 853 relative to the axis 853a being aligned with extinction axis 867b.In some embodiments, In In the whole region of reflective polarizer, or on the region of the reflective polarizer limited by s1 and r1, or in reflective polarizer On reflection hole, wherein s1 and s2 is as described in being directed to layer 827, the maximum variation of the light transmission shaft (or extinction axis) of reflective polarizer 927 Less than about 5 degree or less than about 3 degree or less than about 2 degree or less than about 1.5 degree or less than about 1 degree.Reflection hole refers to by optical system A part of the reflective polarizer used when reflection.Reflection hole can be substantially the whole region of reflective polarizer, Huo Zheke A part of reflective polarizer is excluded in the near border of reflective polarizer.The maximum variation of light transmission shaft can be confirmed as light transmission shaft Maximum angle subtractive between fixed-direction (for example, direction x in Fig. 7 A) goes the minimum between light transmission shaft and fixed-direction Differential seat angle.

Any reflective polarizer used in any optical system as described herein can be linear reflective polarizers, can Suitable for light of the reflection with the first linear polarization state and transmit with second linear polarization state orthogonal with the first linear polarization state Light.For example, suitable reflective polarizer includes polymeric multilayer optical film and wire-grid polarizer.

Any reflective polarizer used in any optical system of this specification can be forming (for example, hot forming) Reflective polarizer, can be hot formed polymeric multilayer optical film.Polymeric multilayer optical film may include multiple alternatings First polymer layer and the second polymer layer.This is shown in FIG. 8, the figure be include alternate 1092 He of first polymer layer The side view of the reflective polarizer 1028 of the second polymer layer 1094.The outer direction (thickness) z of plane and orthogonal flat is pointed out in figure The direction x and the direction y in face.Suitable polymeric multilayer reflective polarizer is in such as United States Patent (USP) No.5,882,774 (Jonza etc. People) and United States Patent (USP) No.6,609,795 (Weber et al.) in be described.The method that reflective polarizer is formed into composite curve The U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2017/0068100 (Ouderkirk et al.) being hereinbefore herein incorporated by reference with And it is filed in September in 2016 2 and the Shen PCT that its content is herein incorporated by reference with degree not contradictory with this specification It please be described in No.US2016/050024 (Ouderkirk et al.).

In some embodiments, the reflective polarizer used in the optical system of this specification is (for example, polarization by reflection Device 220) it is multi-layer optical film, it is substantially single before being formed the intended shape that (for example, hot forming) is optical lens Axis orientation because it have at least 0.7 or at least 0.8 or at least 0.85 uniaxiality degree U, wherein U=(1/MDDR-1)/ (TDDR^1/2- 1), MDDR is defined as longitudinal stretching ratio, and TDDR is defined as cross directional stretch ratio.Such substantially uniaxial orientation Multi-layer optical film is described in United States Patent (USP) 2010/0254002 (Merrill et al.), and may include multiple alternate First polymer layer and the second polymer layer, wherein first polymer layer have (for example, the direction x) and thickness side along its length Refractive index substantially the same to (for example, the direction z) but substantially different with the refractive index in (for example, the direction y) in the width direction. For example, in the x-direction can be less than 0.02 or less than 0.01, and in the x-direction and y with the absolute value of the specific refractivity in the direction z The absolute value of the specific refractivity in direction can be greater than 0.05 or greater than 0.10.Unless otherwise specified, refractive index refers to Refractive index under the wavelength of 550nm.Substantially the reflective polarizer of uniaxial orientation can be with the advanced polarizing coating of trade name or APF from 3M Company (3M Company) obtains.It can also be used other kinds of multi-layer optical film reflective polarizer (for example, from 3M company (3M Company) the double brightness enhancement films or DBEF obtained).In other embodiments, using other kinds of reflective polarizer (for example, wire-grid polarizer).

The part reflector used in the optical system of this specification can be any suitable part reflector.Example Such as, part reflector can be by coating sheet metal (for example, silver or aluminium) on the transparent substrate (for example, then can be adhered Film or substrate on lens can be lens) it constructs.Part reflector can also be for example, by sinking thin film dielectric coating Product is on the surface of lens substrate, or by forming the combined deposition of metal and dielectric coating on the surface.One In a little embodiments, average optical reflectivity and average light of the part reflector at predetermined wavelength or in predetermined wavelength range Learn transmissivity each comfortable 20% to 80% in the range of or each comfortable 30% to 70% in the range of or each comfortable 40% to In the range of 60% or in the range of each comfortable 45% to 55%.For example, part reflector can be half-reflecting mirror.Unless another It is described, otherwise the average optical reflectivity in predetermined wavelength range and average optical transmittance are referred respectively in normal incidence The determining unweighted mean in predetermined wavelength range and in the polarization of optical reflectivity and optical transmittance.Unless It is otherwise noted, otherwise the average optical reflectivity at predetermined wavelength and average optical transmittance refer respectively to true in normal incidence The fixed unweighted mean in the polarization of optical reflectivity and optical transmittance.In some embodiments, part is reflected Device can be reflective polarizer or can have polarization dependent reflectance rate.However, it is generally preferable that normal incidence optics reflectivity It is unrelated with the polarization state of incident light or substantially unrelated with optical transmittance.It is, for example, possible to use substantially isotropic gold Belong to layer and/or dielectric layer to obtain this polarization independence.

It is rotated to correct light transmission and the local of extinction axis of reflective polarizer, and/or in correction optical system The delay of birefringent (for example, optical lens is birefringent) or other optical artifacts, at least one retarder layer is alterable.This In, the delay of uniaxial material refers to the birefringent physical thickness multiplied by material, wherein birefringent is the refractive index along very axis And along the difference between the refractive index of plain shaft, unless specifying other axis.In positive uniaxial material, outstanding axis is slow axis (refractive index is higher) and plain shaft is fast axle (refractive index is lower).Just along three not coaxially with the twin shaft of three different refractivities For material, retarder layer can be described as having delay and plane external delays in plane.In this case, in addition to specified Specific axis or specified particular light ray or context explicitly indicate that difference, and delay in this article refers to delay in plane.Plane Interior delay is the light phase delay experienced that delayer is transmitted through by normal incidence.It, can basis when specified particular light ray The actual phase of these light postpones the delay to determine these light.The delay generally depends on peaceful in the plane of delayer The direction of face external delays and the light being incident on delayer.

In some cases, retarder layer may include multiple stacking retarder layers, and plurality of layer has for example different Quick and slow axis.In this case, retarder layer effectively delay and effectively fast axle and slow axis can be relative to being incident on Polarised light on delayer is defined as converting transmitted light for the polarization state of incident light with the polarised light for being transmitted through delayer Polarization state conventional single layer delayer delay and fast axle and slow axis orientation.The delay of this retarder layer refers to this effectively Delay.For the delayer with single layer, effective fast axis and slow axes are the fast axis and slow axes of single layer, and effectively prolong It is the delay of single layer late.For the delayer with multilayer, wherein every layer of fast axle and slow axis are relative to the effective fast of delayer Axis is parallel with slow axis or is rotated by 90 °, and effectively delaying for normal incident light is that corresponding fast axle and slow axis are parallel to the effective of delayer The sum of fast axle and the delay of layer of slow axis subtract corresponding fast axle and slow axis and rotate 90 relative to the effective fast axle and slow axis of delayer The sum of delay of layer of degree.

For specified effective fast axis or slow axes, the optical thickness of delayer refers to that edge refers on each layer of delayer The sum of fixed refractive index of this layer of effective fast axis or slow axes multiplied by this layer thickness.For example, in some embodiments, First retarder layer at the origin has the first optical thickness, and postpones in effective fast axis of the first retarder layer or first There is the second different optical thicknesses at least one other position of one of effective slow axes of device layer.First optics is thick Degree is the refractive index along one of effective fast axis and slow axes multiplied by Local physical thickness, and the second optical thickness is edge The refractive index of same one in effective fast axis and slow axes is multiplied by Local physical thickness.

It, can be spatially by changing the optical thickness of delayer spatially to obtain effective fast axis or slow axes Change the delay of delayer, this can spatially change by proper choice of the orientation of retarder layer along effective fast axle or slow The thickness of axis and/or refractive index realize, such as described elsewhere herein.In some cases, specified x1 axis and x2 Axis can edgeWithDirection, such as whereinWithIt is the unit vector on the direction x and the direction y.It is specified relative to specified axis Delay be referred to alternatively as fixing axle delay.Fixing axle can be fixed by the thickness of delayer at each position, but can be with Position in the main surface of delayer and change.Just the fixing axle of uniaxial material postpones can be negative, because specified axis can phase Outstanding axis and plain shaft rotation for positive uniaxial material.In the embodiment that wherein delayer includes stacking retarder layer, Unless otherwise stated, the delay for stacking retarder layer refers to relative to effective slow axes of delayer and prolonging for fast axis Late.When specified particular light ray, the delay to determine these light can be postponed according to the actual phase of these light.

In some embodiments, retarder layer has the substantially uniform delay on the first area of retarder layer, And there is the delay heterogeneous on the different second areas of retarder layer.In some embodiments, first area is Interior zone, and second area is the neighboring area essentially around interior zone.In some embodiments, interior zone For center region comprising the center of delayer or the delayer origin intersected with optical axis.Extend to the periphery of retarder layer Retarder layer region can be described as neighboring area or the peripheral region of retarder layer.If neighboring area is around interior zone At least the 90% of periphery, it can be said that the neighboring area is essentially around interior zone.For example, neighboring area can be entirely around interior Portion region.

Fig. 9 A is the schematic front plan figure of retarder layer 445, and it illustrates 441 Hes of region of retarder layer 445 446.In some embodiments, the region 441 of retarder layer 445 has the substantially constant delay in space, and region 446 Delay with spatial variations.For example, the maximum difference of the delay on region 441 is smaller than the maximum of the delay on region 446 The 10% of difference is (or less than 5%, or less than 3%).In the embodiment of illustration, region 441 is proximate to retarder layer 445 The interior zone at center, and the optical axis 440 of the optical system including retarder layer 445 in region 441 with retarder layer 445 Intersection.Region 446 is the neighboring area of encircled area 441 and the edge 443 for extending to retarder layer 445.Fig. 9 B is shown Delay contour 442 in some embodiments of retarder layer 445.In some embodiments, wherein postponing spatially Substantially invariable region includes the part for extending to the edge 443 of retarder layer 445, as shown in Figure 9 B.In some embodiments In, delay alongWithEdge 443 monotone nondecreasing of the direction from the center of retarder layer 445 to retarder layer is small, And alongWithThe dull non-increase in edge 443 of the direction from the center of retarder layer 445 to retarder layer.One In a little embodiments, delay alongWithEdge 443 of the direction from the center of retarder layer 445 to retarder layer is single Adjust non-increase, and alongWithEdge 443 of the direction from the center of retarder layer 445 to retarder layer is dull non- Reduce.In some embodiments, retarder layer 445 is symmetrical under the rotation of the 180 degree of z-axis.In some embodiments, The difference between delay at the delay and optical axis 440 claims in 90 degree of rotation subcontrarieties around z-axis.In some embodiments In, second area 446 includes region 446a-446d, as shown in Figure 9 C.In some embodiments, region 446a and 446c tool Have than the lower average retardation in region 441, and region 446b and 446d have than the higher average retardation in region 441.One In a little embodiments, region 446a and 446c have than the higher average retardation in region 441, and region 446b and 446d have Than the lower average retardation in region 441.

The relative size in region can be according to the surface area in region or according to true from the plane for being orthogonal to optical axis in the plan view Fixed area describes.In some embodiments, in the plan view, retarder layer 445 has area A, the area in region 441 In the range of about A/10 to about 2A/3, and first area to each of the fourth region 446a-446d area about In the range of A/12 to about A/3.In some embodiments, delayer includes first area (for example, region 441) and non-overlap Second area (for example, region 446), wherein second area is the remainder of delayer.In some embodiments, first Region is center region, and second area is that can surround the peripheral region of central area (that is, including the periphery or side of delayer At least part of region of edge).In some embodiments, the surface area in region 441 is the total surface area of retarder layer 445 At least 10%.It should be appreciated that surface area and total surface area refer to the surface area of a main surface of delayer.

In some embodiments, delayer (for example, retarder layer 445 or 1075 described in elsewhere herein) has The central area and first edge region of non-overlap and second edge region.For example, central area can correspond to region 441 or Region 1041.First edge region and second edge region can correspond to the corresponding first edge that delayer is arranged in and the second side Region 446a and 446b or region 1046a at or near edge (for example, edge 1473 and 1477 or 1073 and 1077) and 1046b.Central area (for example, region 441) includes that the first origin (intersects for example, corresponding to optical axis 440 with retarder layer 445 Position).For at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o: the average retardation of central area is substantially equal to δ； The average retardation in first edge region is substantially equal to δ-ξ；And the average retardation in second edge region is substantially equal to δ+ξ. In some embodiments, for Integer n, λ_o(n+1/8)≤δ≤λ_o(n+1/2) and δ/50≤ξ≤δ/2.In some implementations In scheme, δ is substantially equal to λ_o(n+1/4) or λ_o/4.In some embodiments, ξ is not less than δ/20, or is not less than δ/10.In In some embodiments, ξ is not more than δ/4, or is not more than δ/5.For example, in some embodiments, δ/20≤ξ≤δ/5.

Integer n can be any nonnegative integer.For example, n can be zero.For example, quarter-wave delayer will have δ=λ_o/ 4, meet inequality λ_o(n+1/8)≤δ≤λ_o(n+1/2), wherein n=0.The thickness for increasing quarter-wave delayer makes Delay is (n+1) λ_o/ 4 (for positive n), cause the variation of the polarization state for the normal incident light for being transmitted through delayer identical.In In some embodiments, it is described herein as being delayed by with the retarder layer of substantially quarter-wave delay as (n+1) λ_o/4 The retarder layer of (for positive n) replaces.In some embodiments, 0 n, and in some embodiments, n 1.

In some embodiments, delayer further includes third fringe region and the 4th fringe region (for example, region 446c With 446d or region 1046c and 1046d), wherein central area between first edge region and third fringe region with And between second edge region and the 4th fringe region.In some embodiments, at least one in predetermined wavelength range A first wave length λ_o, the average retardation of third fringe region is substantially equal to δ-ξ, and the average retardation base of the 4th fringe region It is equal to δ+ξ in sheet.

The average retardation in region refers to the unweighted mean of the delay on the region.Delay, which is understood to be in plane, prolongs Late or for the delay that normal incident light determines, except in the case of specified nonnormal incidence light.In some embodiments, area Domain has substantially uniform delay, and (maximum in the region is prolonged for the maximum variation for the delay being understood to be in the region The minimum delay is subtracted late) it is no more than the 10% of the maximum variation postponed in delayer.If designated value is averaged with some region The size of the difference between delay in delay or delayer at some position is no more than the maximum variation postponed in delayer 10%, it can be said that the delay at the average retardation in the region or the position is substantially equal to the designated value.In some embodiment party In case, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, delay of the delayer at the first origin is δ_o.One In a little embodiments, δ_oEqual or substantially equal to δ.In some embodiments, at least one in predetermined wavelength range A first wave length λ_o, each of first edge region and second edge region have substantially uniform delay.Some In embodiment, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, first edge region and second edge region At least one of modified delay.In some embodiments, delayer further includes third fringe region and the 4th side Edge region.In some embodiments, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, first edge region is extremely At least one of 4th fringe region has substantially uniform delay.In some embodiments, for predetermined wavelength model Enclose interior at least one first wave length λ_o, each of first edge region to the 4th fringe region has substantially uniform Delay.

In some embodiments, a kind of optical system for transmitted light includes: to be bent main surface at least one One or more optical lenses；Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged and conform to one or more optical lenses Main surface on, and in predetermined wavelength range at least 20% average optical reflectivity；Reflective polarizer, the reflection Polarizer is arranged in and conforms in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, and the reflective polarizer is in predetermined wavelength range Substantially reflect the light with the first polarization state and substantially light of the transmission with orthogonal second polarization state；And first delay Device, first delayer are arranged in and conform in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, so that for predetermined wavelength model Enclose interior at least one first wave length λ_o: the delay at the center of the first delayer is equal to δ_o, wherein for Integer n, λ_o(n+1/8) ≤δ_o≤λ_o(n+1/2)；And the delay of the first delayer is far from first direction of the center to the edge of the first delayer (for example, InOn direction) increase, and in separate second direction of the center to the edge of the first delayer (for example, InOn direction) reduce, the angle between first direction and second direction in the range of about 60 degree to about 120 degree so that Maximum contrast ratio of the optical system in predetermined wavelength range than Comparison optical system maximum contrast ratio greatly at least 5%, in addition to First delayer of Comparison optical system has uniform delays δ_oExcept the Comparison optical system have same structure.For example, should Optical system can correspond to optical system 1000 shown in Figure 1A, and the first delayer can correspond to delayer 520.Compare Optical system can be as shown in 1A, and wherein delayer 520 is δ by uniform delays_oDelayer replace.In some embodiments, The first delayer for selecting optical system, so that contrast ratio greatly at least 10% or at least 15% of the contrast ratio than Comparison optical system Or at least 20% or at least 25%.

Fig. 9 D is the plan view that can correspond to the delayer 1445 of retarder layer 445.Show plane 1401,1402, 1403 and 1404.These planes intersect with each other along the line (being parallel to z-axis) intersected at point 1440 with delayer 1445.Each Plane intersects along the response curve of crossing point 1440 with delayer 1445.In some embodiments, first delayer prolongs Increase on far from center (can be a little 1440) first direction 1487 to the edge of delayer 1,445 1473 late, and remote Reduce in second direction 1489 from center to the edge of delayer 1,445 1477.In some embodiments, first direction 1487 and second direction 1489 respectively along delayer 1445 and plane 1402 and 1401 the first intersection point and the second intersection point.When with When in optical system, line can be the optical axis of optical system, and puts 1440 and can be the retarder layer intersected with optical axis First origin.In this case, each of plane 1401,1402,1403 and 1404 includes optical axis.Delayer 1445 can Including corresponding to the central area in region 441 and corresponding to first edge region to the 4th marginal zone of region 446a-446d Domain, for ease of description, these regions are unmarked in Fig. 9 D.In some embodiments, plane 1401 in central area and Intersect in first edge region with delayer 1445, and plane 1402 in central area and second edge region with delayer 1445 intersections.In some embodiments, range of the angle, θ 1 between plane 1401 and 1402 at about 60 degree to about 120 degree It is interior, or in the range of about 70 degree to about 110 degree.In some embodiments, angle, θ 1 is about 90 degree.In some embodiment party In case, the angle, θ 2 between plane 1403 and 1404 is in the range of about 60 degree to about 120 degree, or at about 70 degree to about 110 In the range of degree.In some embodiments, angle, θ 2 is about 90 degree.In some embodiments, plane 1401 and 1404 it Between angle, θ 3 in the range of about 30 degree to about 60 degree, or in the range of about 35 degree to about 55 degree.In some embodiment party In case, angle, θ 3 is about 45 degree.

In some embodiments, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, delayer 1445 Postpone the substantial symmetry under the reflection around plane 1401, and the substantial symmetry under the reflection around plane 1402.Such as The delay at each point at least the 80% of the surface area of fruit delayer is different from corresponding point position and passes through the point around plane Reflection is no more than the 10% of the maximum variation of the delay of delayer and determining delay, then the delay can be described as be in and surround Substantial symmetry under the reflection of plane.In some embodiments, at least the 90% or at least 95% of the surface area of delayer Each point at delay be different from corresponding point position pass through by the point around plane reflection be no more than delayer delay maximum 10% or the determining delay no more than 5% of variation.In some embodiments, at least one in predetermined wavelength range A first wave length λ_o, delayer 1445 has delay, so that the difference of the delay at the delay and point 1440 is surrounding plane Substantially antisymmetry, and the substantially antisymmetry under the reflection around plane 1404 under 1403 reflection.If delayer The delay difference at each point at least the 80% of surface area is different from corresponding point position by the way that the point is surrounded plane reflection not More than the maximum variation of the delay of delayer 10% and the negative value of delay difference that determines, then the delay difference can be described For the substantially antisymmetry under the reflection around plane.In some embodiments, the surface area of delayer at least 90% or The delay difference at each point at least 95% is different from corresponding point position and passes through the point around plane reflection no more than delay The negative value of 10% or the delay difference determined no more than 5% of the maximum variation of the delay of device.

In some embodiments, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, first edge region Delay far from the first origin, towards reducing on the direction of first edge 1477, and the delay in second edge region is separate First origin 1440 is towards increasing on the direction of second edge 1473.For example, delay can be from the first origin 1440 to edge (for example, In on 1477 directionOn direction) reduce, and can be on the direction from the first origin 1440 to edge 1473 (for example, InOn direction) increase.

It includes changing retarder layer that manufacturing, which has the method for the retarder layer of delay variation shown in Fig. 9 A to Fig. 9 D, Physical thickness and/or the opposite alignment for changing each layer of fast axis and slow axes in retarder layer, such as elsewhere herein institute It states.

Figure 10 A is the front schematic view of retarder layer 1027, which has origin or top along optical axis 1040 Point 1057.Retarder layer 1027 has orthogonal fast axis 1057f and slow axes 1057s at vertex 1057.Retarder layer 1027 have orthogonal fast axis 1052f and slow axes 1052s at first position 1052, and have at the second position 1053 There are orthogonal fast axis 1053f and slow axes 1053s.In the embodiment of illustration, fast axis 1052f and slow axes 1052s It is substantially mostly quasi- with fast axis 1057f and slow axes 1057s, and fast axis 1053f and slow axes 1053s relative to fast axis The axis rotation of 1057f and slow axes 1057s alignment.Relative to the angle of axis 1057a, (it can correspond to fast axis 1057f The first polarization state or the second polarization state of reflective polarizer in the optical system for including retarder layer 1027) on vertex 1057 Place is β₀.Similarly, fast axis 1052f is β at first position 1052 relative to the angle of axis 1052a₁, and fast axis 1053f is β at the second position 1053 relative to the angle of axis 1053a₂.In the embodiment of illustration, β₂>β₀And β₁Closely Approximately equal to β₀.In some embodiments, β₀It is about 45 degree.In some embodiments, β₀Less than 45 degree.In some embodiment party In case, β₀Greater than 45 degree.Axis 1057a, 1052a and 1053a and retarder layer 1027 are tangent, and axis 1052a and 1053a and axis 1057 alignments, because the most funiclar curve between axis 1052a and 1057 and vertex 1040 and first position 1052 has common pair Answer angle, and the most funiclar curve between axis 1053a and 1057 and vertex 1040 and the second position 1053 have it is common corresponding Angle, for curved surface 1727 substantially as described in.It is flat in embodiment in retarder layer, it is unless otherwise indicated, no Then retarder layer refers to the fast axis of delayer relative to the orientation of the first polarization state between the axis that is limited by the first polarization state Angle.It is along having the in the case where the first polarization state is linear polarization state, such as by the axis that the first polarization state limits The axis of one polarization state and the electric field intensity along the light of optical axis.For oval first polarization state, limited by the first polarization state Axis be with the first polarization state and the long axis of the polarization ellipse along the light of optical axis.For being bent retarder layer, unless It is otherwise noted, otherwise retarder layer refers to fast axis relative to the office tangent with retarder layer relative to the orientation of the first polarization state The orientation of portion's axis, wherein local axis is aligned with the axis limited by the first polarization state.For curved surface 1727 substantially as described in, such as Local axis on fruit delayer at some point and between the most funiclar curve on the surface of delayer between origin 1057 and the position Angle and the axis that is limited by the first polarization state it is identical as the corresponding angle between the curve at origin 1057, then the part axis with The axis alignment limited by the first polarization state.Angle between fast axis and local axis be referred to alternatively as fast axis and the first polarization state it Between angle beta.First polarization state can be the extinction state of the reflective polarizer at the origin intersected with optical axis.If angle beta exists It is substantial constant on delayer, it can be said that delayer is orientated with substantially uniform fast axis.

Figure 10 B is the front schematic view of retarder layer 1027, and it illustrates the possibility of fast axis and the orientation of slow axes Spatial variations.Fast axle is closest in figureThe axis in direction.In some embodiments, it fast axis and is aligned with axis 1057a Local axis between angle beta be about 45 degree in central area, and alongWithDirection is from retarder layer 1027 Center to retarder layer 1027 the dull non-increase in edge and alongWithDirection is from the center of retarder layer 1027 Edge monotone nondecreasing to retarder layer 1027 is small.In some embodiments, fast axis and the local axis being aligned with axis 1057a Between angle beta be about 45 degree in central area, and alongWithDirection from the center of retarder layer 1027 to The edge monotone nondecreasing of retarder layer 1027 it is small and alongWithDirection is from the center of retarder layer 1027 to delayer The dull non-increase in the edge of layer 1027.In some embodiments, the fast axis of the first retarder layer and the first polarization state (example Such as, the extinction state of the reflective polarizer of the origin or apex of reflective polarizer) angle beta is formed, β is less than 45 degree.In some realities It applies in scheme, β is less than 45 degree of degree in the whole region of the first retarder layer.In other embodiments, β is in the first delayer It is greater than 45 degree in the whole region of layer, or less than 45 degree in some regions of the first retarder layer, and in the first delay It is greater than 45 degree in other regions of device layer.

In some embodiments, the fast axis at least one position is not parallel to the first polarization by reflective polarizer The plane that state and the second polarization state limit.For example, the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be the line along y-axis and x-axis respectively Property polarization state is or is parallel to x-y plane (example by the plane that the first polarization state and the second polarization state limit in this case Such as, plane 847).For example, fast axle 1052f and 1053f can due to retarder layer 1027 curvature and have along negative z-axis component, Therefore the plane limited by the first polarization state and the second polarization state will not be parallel to.Fast axle 1057f can be parallel to by the first polarization The plane that state and the second polarization state limit.

In some embodiments, the central area and first edge region of retarder layer 1027 including non-overlap and the Two fringe regions.For example, central area and first edge region and second edge region can have corresponding to shown in Fig. 9 C Region 441,446a and 446b geometrical arrangements.Retarder layer 1027, which may also include, can correspond to the of region 446c and 446d Three regions and the fourth region.Central area includes the origin that the first retarder layer intersects with optical axis 1040.In some embodiments In, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o: central area is relative to the first polarization state (for example, anti- Penetrate the extinction state of polarizer) average fast axle orientation be substantially equal to θ；First edge region is averaged relative to the first polarization state Fast axle orientation is substantially equal to θ-ε；And second edge region relative to the first polarization state average fast axle orientation substantially etc. In θ+ε, wherein θ is in the range of 35 to 55 degree, and ε is in the range of 0.5 to 20 degree.In some embodiments, θ is extremely It is 35 degree or at least 40 degree few.In some embodiments, θ is no more than 55 degree or no more than 50 degree.In some embodiments, θ It is about 45 degree.In some embodiments, ε is at least 0.5 degree or at least 1 degree or at least 2 degree.In some embodiments, ε is not More than 20 degree or no more than 15 degree or no more than 10 degree.

The average fast axle orientation in region refers to the unweighted mean of the fast axle orientation of the overlying regions.In some embodiment party In case, region is orientated with substantially uniform fast axle, and the maximum variation for being understood to be the fast axle orientation in the region (should Maximum fast axle orientation in region subtracts minimum fast axle orientation) it is no more than 10% of the maximum variation of fast axle orientation in delayer. If the difference between fast axle orientation in designated value and the average fast axle in some region orientation or delayer at some position is big Small 10% no more than the maximum variation of fast axle orientation in delayer, it can be said that the average fast axle orientation in the region or the position The fast axle orientation at place is substantially equal to the designated value.In some embodiments, at least one in predetermined wavelength range First wave length λ_o, fast axle of the delayer at the first origin relative to the first polarization state be oriented to θ_o.In some embodiments, θ_oEqual or substantially equal to θ.In some embodiments, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, the Each of one fringe region and second edge region are orientated with substantially uniform fast axle.In some embodiments, For at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, at least one of first edge region and second edge region Modified fast axle orientation.

Figure 10 C is the plan view that can correspond to the delayer 2445 of retarder layer 1027.Show plane 2401,2402, 2403 and 2404.These planes intersect with each other along the line (being parallel to z-axis) intersected at point 2440 with delayer 2445.Each Plane intersects along the response curve of crossing point 2440 with delayer 2445.In some embodiments, first delayer prolongs Increase on far from center (can be a little 2440) first direction 2487 to the edge of delayer 2,445 2473 late, and remote Reduce in second direction 2489 from center to the edge of delayer 2,445 2477.In some embodiments, first direction 2487 and second direction 2489 respectively along delayer 2445 and plane 2402 and 2401 the first intersection point and the second intersection point.When with When in optical system, line can be the optical axis of optical system, and puts 2440 and can be delayer intersects with optical axis first Origin.In this case, each of plane 2401,2402,2403 and 2404 includes optical axis.Delayer 2445 may include Central area corresponding to region 441 and the first edge region corresponding to region 446a-446d are to the 4th fringe region Convenient for explanation, these regions are shown and unmarked in fig 1 oc in Fig. 9 C.In some embodiments, plane 2401 Intersect in central area and first edge region with delayer 2445, and plane 2402 is in central area and second edge area Intersect in domain with delayer 2445.In some embodiments, the angle, θ 4 between plane 2401 and 2402 is at about 60 degree to about In the range of 120 degree, or in the range of about 70 degree to about 110 degree.In some embodiments, angle, θ 4 is about 90 degree. In some embodiments, the angle, θ 5 between plane 2403 and 2404 is in the range of about 60 degree to about 120 degree, or about In the range of 70 degree to about 110 degree.In some embodiments, angle, θ 5 is about 90 degree.In some embodiments, plane Angle, θ 6 between 1401 and 1404 is in the range of about 30 degree to about 60 degree, or in the range of about 35 degree to about 55 degree. In some embodiments, angle, θ 6 is about 45 degree.

In some embodiments, delayer 2445 has for the variable delay as described in delayer 1445.Plane It 2401,2402,2403 and 2404 can be identical or different with plane 1401,1402,1403 and 1404 respectively.In some embodiments In, the angle between plane 1401 and 2401 is less than 30 degree or less than 20 degree or less than 10 degree.Similarly, in some embodiments In, the angle between plane 1402 and 2402 and/or between plane 1403 and 2403 and/or between plane 1404 and 2404 is less than 30 degree or less than 20 degree or less than 10 degree.

In some embodiments, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, delayer 2445 Fast axle orientation substantial symmetry under the reflection around plane 2401, and it is substantially right under the reflection around plane 2402 Claim.If the fast axle orientation at each point at least the 80% of the surface area of delayer is different from corresponding point position and passes through the point The fast axle orientation for being no more than the 10% of the maximum variation of the fast axle orientation of delayer around plane reflection and determining, then the fast axle takes To the substantial symmetry under the reflection of plane can be described as be in.In some embodiments, the surface area of delayer Fast axle orientation at each point at least 90% or at least 95% is different from corresponding point position and passes through the point around plane reflection No more than 10% or the fast axle orientation determining no more than 5% of the maximum variation that the fast axle of delayer is orientated.In some implementations In scheme, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, delayer 2445 is orientated with fast axle, so that this is fast The difference of fast axle orientation at axis orientation and point 2440 substantially antisymmetry under the reflection around plane 2403, and surrounding Substantially antisymmetry under the reflection of plane 2404.If the fast axle at each point at least the 80% of the surface area of delayer takes It is different from corresponding point position to difference to pass through the point around plane reflection no more than the maximum variation that the fast axle of delayer is orientated 10% and determine fast axle orientation difference negative value, then the fast axle orientation difference can be described as be under the reflection of plane Substantially antisymmetry.In some embodiments, at each point at least the 90% or at least 95% of the surface area of delayer Fast axle orientation difference be different from corresponding point position pass through by the point around plane reflection be no more than delayer fast axle orientation most The negative value of 10% or the fast axle orientation difference determining no more than 5% that change greatly.

In some embodiments, delayer can have the reflection symmetry and/or skew-symmetry of delay, such as delay Described in device 1445 and fast axle orientation reflection symmetry and/or skew-symmetry, as be directed to delayer 2445 as described in.For example, In In some embodiments, at least one first wave length λ in predetermined wavelength range_o, the delay of delayer is around first Substantial symmetry under the reflection of plane (for example, plane 1401), and in the reflection for surrounding the second plane (for example, plane 1403) Lower substantial symmetry, and delayer has delay δ at origin (for example, point 1440 or 2440)_o, and the delay of delayer With δ_oBetween difference under the reflection around third plane (for example, plane 1403) substantially antisymmetry, and around the Substantially antisymmetry under the reflection of four planes (for example, plane 1404), and delayer takes relative to the fast axle of the first polarization state To the substantial symmetry under the reflection around the 5th plane (for example, plane 2401), and around different 6th plane (examples Such as, plane 2402) reflection under substantial symmetry, and fast axle of the delayer relative to the first polarization state at the first origin o Orientation, and fast axle of first delayer at the first origin relative to the first polarization state is oriented to θ_o, and the first delayer Fast axle orientation and θ relative to the first polarization state_oBetween difference around the 7th plane (for example, plane 2403) reflection under Substantially antisymmetry, and the substantially antisymmetry under the reflection around different 8th planes (for example, plane 2404).

In some embodiments, a kind of optical system for transmitted light includes: to be bent main surface at least one One or more optical lenses；Part reflector, the part reflector are arranged and conform to one or more optical lenses Main surface on, and in predetermined wavelength range at least 20% average optical reflectivity；Reflective polarizer, the reflection Polarizer is arranged in and conforms in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, and the reflective polarizer is in predetermined wavelength range Substantially reflect the light with the first polarization state and substantially light of the transmission with orthogonal second polarization state；And first delay Device, which is arranged in and conforms in the main surface of one or more optical lenses, in predetermined wavelength range At least one first wave length λ_o: the center of the first delayer is equal to θ relative to the fast axle orientation of fast axis_o, θ_oIn 35 to 55 degree In the range of；And the fast axle orientation of the first delayer is far from (example on first direction of the center to the edge of the first delayer Such as, InOn direction) increase, and (for example, In in separate second direction of the center to the edge of the first delayerOn direction) reduce, the angle between first direction and second direction is in the range of about 60 degree to about 120 degree, so that light Maximum contrast ratio of the system in predetermined wavelength range than Comparison optical system maximum contrast ratio greatly at least 5%, in addition to than The first delayer compared with optical system is oriented to θ relative to the uniform fast axle of the first polarization state_oExcept the Comparison optical system have There is same structure.For example, the optical system can correspond to optical system 1000 shown in Figure 1A, and the first delayer can be right It should be in delayer 520.Comparison optical system can be as shown in 1A, and wherein delayer 520 is by relative to the uniform fast of the first polarization state Axis is oriented to θ_oDelayer replace.In some embodiments, the first delayer of optical system is selected, so that contrast ratio ratio The contrast ratio of Comparison optical system greatly at least 10% or at least 15% or at least 20% or at least 25%.

In some embodiments, there is the first delayer of optical system delay heterogeneous and fast axle heterogeneous to take To, and the first delayer of Comparison optical system has uniform delay and uniform fast axle orientation, is equal to optical system Delay of first delayer at the first origin and fast axle orientation.In this case, the delay of the first delayer may be selected Distribution and fast axle distribution, so that contrast ratio greatly at least 5% or at least 10% of the contrast ratio of optical system than Comparison optical system Or at least 15% or at least 20% or at least 25% or at least 30%.

In some embodiments, the delayer with uneven-delay is provided.Simultaneously at least one predetermined wavelength And for intersecting along first point of the line (line is orthogonal to delayer at first point) in the first area by delayer The first different planes to fourth plane: uneven-delay is in the reflection around the first plane and around the reflection of the second plane Each of lower substantial symmetry, and the difference between the delay of the delayer at uneven-delay and the first point is surrounding The reflection of third plane and the substantially antisymmetry under each of reflection of fourth plane.This delayer can be used in At retarder layer (for example, retarder layer 420 or 520) in any optical system as described herein.

In some embodiments, the delayer with non-homogeneous fast axle orientation is provided.For at least one pre- standing wave It grows and for along by first point of the line in the first area of delayer (line is orthogonal with delayer at first point) The first different planes of intersection are to fourth plane: non-homogeneous fast axle be orientated in the reflection around the first plane and surrounds second flat The lower substantial symmetry of each of the reflection in face, and non-homogeneous fast axle orientation and the fast axle of the delayer at the first point are orientated Between difference in the reflection around third plane and the substantially antisymmetry under each of reflection of fourth plane.This Kind delayer can be used at the retarder layer (for example, retarder layer 420 or 520) in any optical system as described herein. For example, fast axle orientation can be specified relative to the first polarization state of reflective polarizer.

In some embodiments, the delayer with uneven-delay and non-homogeneous fast axle orientation is provided.For extremely A few predetermined wavelength and for along by first point of line in the first area of delayer (line at first point with Delayer is orthogonal) intersection the first different planes to fourth plane and the 5th different planes to the 8th plane: it is non-homogeneous Postpone to descend substantial symmetry in the reflection around the first plane and around each of reflection of the second plane, and non-homogeneous Difference between the delay of delayer at delay and the first point is in the reflection around third plane and around the anti-of fourth plane Substantially antisymmetry under each of penetrating, and non-homogeneous fast axle orientation the reflection around the 5th plane and around the 6th it is flat The lower substantial symmetry of each of the reflection in face, and non-homogeneous fast axle orientation and the fast axle of the delayer at the first point are orientated Between difference in the reflection around the 7th plane and the substantially antisymmetry under each of reflection of the 8th plane.This Kind delayer can be used at the retarder layer (for example, retarder layer 420 or 520) in any optical system as described herein. In some embodiments, the angle between the first plane and the second plane is about 90 degree, between third plane and fourth plane Angle be about 90 degree, and the angle between the first plane and third plane is about 45 degree.In some embodiments, the 5th Angle between plane and the 6th plane is about 90 degree, and the angle between the 7th plane and the 8th plane is about 90 degree, and Angle between 5th plane and the 7th plane is about 45 degree.In some embodiments, the first plane is identical with the 5th plane, Second plane is identical with the 6th plane, and third plane is identical with the 7th plane, and fourth plane is identical with the 8th plane.

The retarder layer used in the optical system of this specification can be the combination of film or coating or film and coating. For example, suitable film includes birefringent polymer film delayer, it such as can be from Colorado Frederick Taylor city Those of Meadowlark Optics company (Meadowlark Optics, Frederick, CO) acquisition delayer.For shape At the suitable coating of retarder layer be included in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2002/0180916 (Schadt et al.), No.2003/028048 (Cherkaoui et al.), No.2005/0072959 (Moia et al.) and No.2006/0197068 Linear-photopolymerizable described in (Schadt et al.) and United States Patent (USP) No.6,300,991 (Schadt et al.) closes polymer (LPP) material and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) material.Suitable LPP material includes ROP-131EXP 306LPP, and suitable LCP material includes ROF-5185EXP 410LCP, and both of which can be from the Luo Like Science and Technology Ltd. of Switzerland A Ershiweier (ROLIC Technologies Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland) is obtained.

This can be manufactured on surface by the way that LPP material to be deposited to substrate (for example, reflective polarizer) or on lens Kind retarder layer.It is then possible to solidify LPP material with polarised light come ultraviolet (UV), so that LPP material is orientated along polarization axle, The polarization axle becomes the slow axis of retarder layer.It can be by the relative orientation of change UV light and the polarization axle of retarder layer come pattern Change the polarization orientation for solidifying the UV light of LPP material.For example, when LPP material under UV light source by when, be located at UV light source and The orientation of polarizer between LPP material can change.In some embodiments, LPP material is deposited (for example, passing through rotation Apply) in the main surface of lens, and lens are installed on multiple axes system (for example, three axle systems), which can polarize Along linear direction mobile lens under UV light source, azimuth and the axis orientation of lens are changed simultaneously.In this way it is possible to obtain The orientation of LPP layers of consecutive variations.

Then LCP layer is applied on (for example, passing through spin coating) to LPP layer.LCP molecule is aligned with LPP layers.Then can consolidate Change LCP layer.In some embodiments, LCP layer includes the LPP material as described in US 2006/0197068 (Schadt et al.) Material.In this case, due to can after partially cured LCP layer by using polarization UV light source orientation LCP layer in include LPP material, therefore multiple LCP layers can directly overlie one another, the surface of one of LCP layer provides for adjacent layer to quasi-mode Plate.Using LPP layers as the alternative solution of alignment layer is used along the polymeric substrates of required local alignment direction friction. It is generally preferred, however, that using LPP layers, because this can eliminate the clast that may be generated by friction process.

In some embodiments, fast axle and slow axis are parallel to the surface of delayer.In other embodiments, fast axle or Slow axis tiltable and the surface for being not parallel to delayer.This can be linear inclined by being exposed to LPP layers under nonnormal incidence UV shake to realize.This leads to institute in LPP layers of molecule tilt, such as such as United States Patent (USP) No.6,300,991 (Schadt et al.) It states.

When describing the optical system of this specification, the predetermined wavelength when contrast ratio maximum of reference optical system may be Useful.Contrast ratio can be such as defined in ANSI/INFOCOMM 3M-2011 standard, wherein 16 rectangles of display emission The checkerboard pattern of i.e. 8 white and 8 black.It determines the brightness value at the emergent pupil of all white squares and calculates average Value, and determine the brightness value at the emergent pupils of all black squares and calculate average value.Average white brightness with it is average black The ratio of colour brightness is exactly contrast ratio.

Figure 11 is the figure of the contrast ratio of the optical system of the function as wavelength.Contrast ratio has maximum value at wavelength X 1 771, and there is maximum value 773 at wavelength X 2.Wavelength X 1 and λ 2 are separated by S=λ 2- λ 1.It is selected as the wavelength of predetermined wavelength It can be λ 1 or λ 2.In some embodiments, the maximum contrast ratio at predetermined wavelength is the part in the 20nm of predetermined wavelength Maximum value.That is, contrast ratio is local maximum at predetermined wavelength, and the wavelength in the S=20nm of predetermined wavelength The contrast ratio at place is not higher than local maximum.Other local maximums may be present in away from wavelength of the predetermined wavelength greater than 20nm. In some embodiments, the maximum contrast ratio at predetermined wavelength is the global maximum in the 150nm of predetermined wavelength.Namely It says, contrast ratio is maximum value at predetermined wavelength, and the contrast ratio at the wavelength in the S=150nm of predetermined wavelength is not higher than Maximum value.In some embodiments, the maximum contrast ratio at predetermined wavelength is the global maximum in visible range.Namely It says, in some embodiments, not having wavelength in the range of 400nm to 700nm, there are contrast ratios to be higher than at predetermined wavelength The case where contrast ratio.In some embodiments, contrast ratio has single maximum value, and the maximum value in visible-range It is predetermined wavelength.In some embodiments, predetermined wavelength is about 550nm.Under some embodiments, predetermined wavelength is between about Between 545nm and about 555nm.In some embodiments, predetermined wavelength is about 450nm.In some embodiments, pre- standing wave A length of about 650nm.In some embodiments, predetermined wavelength is primary color wavelength (for example, red, green or blue wavelength).

In some embodiments, retarder layer is single layer, and in some embodiments, and retarder layer includes multiple Stack layer.Carry out the spatial distribution of tailored postponement it is, for example, possible to use multiple layers and/or improved wavelength dispersion is provided and/or is changed Kind angular dispersion (for example, the delay variation reduced in solid cone angle).

Figure 12 is the schematic cross sectional views of retarder layer 1065, which includes LPP layer 1061, is formed directly into LCP layer 1062 on LPP layer 1061, the LPP layer 1063 being formed directly on LCP layer 1062, and it is formed directly into LPP layers LCP layer 1064 on 1063.Retarder layer 1065 includes stacking retarder layer corresponding at least the first of LCP layer 1062 and 1064 Retarder layer is stacked with second.As used herein, mean with the first element of second element " integrally formed " first element and Then second element is formed together to be connected without being a separately formed.Integrally formed includes forming first element, then at first yuan Second element is formed on part.For example, can be by being initially formed orientated polymer delayer, then on orientated polymer delayer Liquid crystal retarder is formed (for example, by the way that LLP layers are coated and solidified on orientated polymer delayer, then to coat on LLP layers With LPP layers of solidification) liquid crystal retarder and orientated polymer delayer are integrally formed.As used herein, if component is by list A element or multiple element are integrally formed, then the component is integrated.For example, retarder layer 1065 is integrated because its by LPP layer 1061, LCP layer 1062, LPP layer 1063 and LCP layer 1064 are integrally formed.In some embodiments, 1063 quilt of LPP layer It omits or for example using composition described in US 2006/0197068 (Schadt et al.) by identical as LCP layer 1062 and 1064 Material formed.

Allow that there is greater flexibility in patterned retarders using multiple layers.Figure 13 is showing for retarder layer 1075 It is intended to, which can be integrated delayer, including multiple stacking retarder layers 1072,1074,1076, these delayers Layer can be generated desired delay variation by different patterns.Layer 1071 is can be LPP layers of alignment layer, or can be one A little other kinds of alignment layers (for example, the substrate with the surface to rub on aligning direction).Layer 1072,1074 and 1076 can Respectively LCP layer.Layer 1072 is aligned with layer 1071 is directed at.Layer 1074 is aligned by the alignment of the upper surface of layer 1072.This can By including LPP profile material in the LCP layer as described in US 2006/0197068 (Schadt et al.) or passing through friction It realizes the upper surface of layer 1072.Layer 1076 can be similarly aligned by the alignment of the upper surface of layer 1074.

Figure 14 is the front schematic view of the example pattern of the layer of the retarder layer of Figure 12 or Figure 13.Retarder layer 1075 is wrapped Include the central area 1041 surrounded by peripheral region 1046a-1046d.In some embodiments, retarder layer 1072,1074 It is non-patterned retarder layer with one of 1076, the delay at predetermined wavelength is the 1/4 of predetermined wavelength, and is prolonged Other the two in slow device layer 1072,1074 and 1076 is patterned as shown in figure 14.One in the two other retarder layers Person can have a positive delay in central area 1041, and another one can be equal to size in central area 1041 and just postpone Negative delay.In this case, the delay of these layers refers to the thickness of layer multiplied by the effective slow axis and fast axle along delayer Refringence, in this case, effective slow axis and fast axle are the axis of slow axis and fast axis limit by non-patterned layer.One In a little embodiments, each of two patterned layers have positive delay in region 1046b and 1046d, and in region There is negative birefringence in 1046a and 1046c.In this example, the delay of the central area of retarder layer 1075 is predetermined wavelength 1/4, the region corresponding to region 1046b and 1046d of retarder layer 1075 delay be greater than predetermined wavelength 1/4, and The delay in the region corresponding to region 1046a and 1046c of retarder layer 1075 is less than the 1/4 of predetermined wavelength.

Another example is shown in FIG. 15, which is the schematic cross sectional views of retarder layer 1165, the retarder layer packet It includes and stacks retarder layer 1162a-1162e and be arranged on substrate 1160.In the 1163a of region, retarder layer 1162a- Each of 1162e is r1 relative to the delay of fixed effective fast axis and slow axes, so that the delay of region 1163a is 5r1.In the 1163b of region, the delay of retarder layer 1162a is-r1, and each of retarder layer 1162b-1162e Delay be r1 so that the delay of region 1163b be 3r1.It is each in retarder layer 1162a-1162b in the 1163c of region The delay of person is-r1, and the delay of each of retarder layer 1162c-1162e is r1, so that the delay of region 1163c For r1.In the 1163d of region, the delay of each of retarder layer 1162a-1162c is-r1, and retarder layer The delay of each of 1162d-1162e is r1, so that the delay of region 1163d is-r1.In the 1163e of region, delayer The delay of each of layer 1162a-1162d is-r1, and the delay of retarder layer 1162e is r1, so that region 1163e Delay be -3r1.In the 1163f of region, the delay of each of retarder layer 1162a-1162e is-r1, so that region The delay of 1163f is -5r1.

Multiple layers can also be used to generate required dispersion.Figure 16 A be retarder layer delay (for example, unit be nm) with The relation schematic diagram of wavelength.Delay and the relationship of wavelength are wavelength dispersion curve 1600a.Dispersion curve 1600a is similar to ROLIC The dispersion curve of LCMO achromatic phase retarders.Dispersion curve 1600a is in the predetermined wavelength range of λ 1 to λ 2 and far from its lower limit λ 1 and upper limit λ 2 has peak value 1607.For example, the retarder layer with dispersion curve 1600a can be at wavelength X 3 substantially Quarter-wave delayer, and can be the wave-length coverage in predetermined wavelength range (for example, λ 3 into λ 2) substantially four / mono- wave.Figure 16 B is the schematic diagram of the wavelength dispersion curve 1600b of different delays device layer.Dispersion curve 1600b is similar to normal Advise the dispersion curve of delayer, such as dispersion curve of oriented polymerization nitride layer.Dispersion curve 1600b is as wavelength is in predetermined wavelength Increase in range and is monotonically changed.For example, the retarder layer with dispersion curve 1600b can be substantially four at wavelength X 4 / mono- wave delayer, the wavelength can be substantially quarter-wave delayer with the retarder layer with dispersion curve 1600a Any wavelength it is different.

Figure 16 C is the schematic diagram of the dispersion curve 1600a and 1600b that show on common figure.Wavelength dispersion curve 1600a and 1600b intersects with each other at the wavelength X 5 in predetermined wavelength range.If combining two retarder layers, one of them Retarder layer is with dispersion curve 1600a and another is with dispersion curve 1600b, and two retarder layers with it is parallel to each other Corresponding fast axle alignment, then relative to common fast axle and the fixing axle of slow-axis direction delay will as shown in fig. 16 c.If two Retarder layer is aligned with orthogonal corresponding fast axle, then relative to the fast axle of the retarder layer with dispersion curve 1600a and Slow axis fixing axle delay will as shown in figure 16d, this schematically show two retarder layers fixing axle delay with The relationship of wavelength.In this case, the retarder layer with dispersion curve 1600b has the fixing axle of the function as wavelength Postpone 1601b, is the negative value of dispersion curve 1600b.

More generally, in some embodiments, optical system includes: the first retarder layer, which exists There is first wave length dispersion curve, which can be such as visible range or visible model in predetermined wavelength range The union of the non-intersecting range of one or more in enclosing；Second retarder layer, second retarder layer are arranged in part reflector Between reflective polarizer, and there is the second wave length dispersion for being different from first wave length dispersion curve in predetermined wavelength range Curve.In some embodiments, first wave length dispersion curve and second wave length dispersion curve in predetermined wavelength range extremely It intersects with each other at a few wavelength.In some embodiments, at least one of the first dispersion curve and the second dispersion curve It is monotonically changed as wavelength increases in predetermined wavelength range (for example, two dispersion curves can usually look like 1600b, wherein the difference between dispersion curve is from for example using different materials for retarder layer).In some embodiment party In case, at least one of the first dispersion curve and the second dispersion curve are in predetermined wavelength range and far from its lower and upper limit Including at least one peak value (for example, two dispersion curves can usually look like 1600a, the wherein difference between dispersion curve Value is from for example using different materials for retarder layer).

In some embodiments, including be respectively provided with wavelength dispersion curve 1600a and 1600b the first retarder layer and The optical system of second retarder layer has maximum contrast ratio at the predetermined wavelength for being different from wavelength X 3 and λ 4 respectively.

In some embodiments, two retarder layers all have color wavelength dispersion curve.Such wavelength dispersion curve It is 1/4 continuous wavelength range of wavelength without wherein delay.In some embodiments, each retarder layer is in single wave The delay of strong point is the 1/4 of wavelength.In some embodiments, for different retarder layers, which is different.

Figure 16 E be different respectively the first colored delayer and the second colored delayer wavelength dispersion curve 1600e and The schematic diagram of 1600f.Each of dispersion curve 1600e and 1600f are as wavelength is in the predetermined wavelength range of λ 1 to λ 2 Increase and is monotonically changed.Curve 1689 indicates the case where delay is equal to a quarter of wavelength.First colored delayer is first There is quarter-wave delay, and the second colored delayer has a quarter at different second wave length λ 7 at wavelength X 6 Wave delay.

Be described as the substantially quarter-wave delayer at specified wavelength retarder layer be construed as At least 80% normal incidence non-polarized light of the surface area of retarder layer, the delay of the retarder layer is the 1/4 of specified wavelength 5% in.Retarder layer can be the substantially quarter-wave delayer of first wave strong point, and have and different second The substantially different delay of quarter-wave at wavelength.Substantially different delay can with the quarter-wave at second wave length To be understood to the delay not in the 5% of the 1/4 of second wave length.Quarter-wave delayer can have the orientation of space uniform Or the orientation of spatial non-uniform.

In some embodiments, optical system includes having the first retarder layer and second of different wave length dispersion curve Retarder layer, wherein at least one of the first retarder layer and the second retarder layer have the delay of spatial non-uniform.Herein In class embodiment, unless otherwise stated, wavelength dispersion curve refers to the dispersion curve at the mass center of phase delay device layer. Mass center is the center of the surface region of delayer, and can be the point intersected with the optical axis of optical system.For example, vertex 1057 It is the mass center of retarder layer 1027, intersects with optical axis 1040.In some embodiments, wavelength dispersion curve refers to and optical axis Dispersion curve at the origin of the phase delay device layer of intersection.

Multiple retarder layers, which are stacked into single bulk delay device layer, to be allowed to obtain net dispersion curve, can include entirety Improved optical property is provided in the optical system of delayer.

In some embodiments, optical system includes different the first retarder layers and the second delayer being separated from each other Layer.Can choose the first retarder layer makes it with first wave length dispersion curve, and can choose the second retarder layer and make It is obtained with different second wave length dispersion curves.The first dispersion curve and the second dispersion curve may be selected, so that a delay The deviation of the dispersion of device layer and required dispersion is inclined at least partially through dispersion and the required dispersion in another retarder layer Difference compensates.In some embodiments, one or both of delayer can be including with different delays and orientation The stacking delayer of two or more layers.For example, in order to make composite delay device achromatism or approximate achromatism.

Another method for providing the delay of spatial variations is the thickness for spatially changing retarder layer.Figure 17 is setting The schematic cross sectional views of retarder layer 1765 on substrate 1760.Although substrate 1760 is shown as flat base in Figure 17 Plate, it is to be understood that, retarder layer 1765 can be alternatively arranged in the bending main surface of optical lens.Retarder layer 1765 It is with variable thickness and thicker in immediate vicinity in the adjacent edges of layer ratio.Spin coater example can be used in this thickness distribution It is obtained as deliberately damaged retarder layer.In the embodiment of illustration, retarder layer 1765 includes the first stacking retarder layer 1763 and second stack retarder layer 1767.In other embodiments, the retarder layer with variable thickness only has one Layer.In some embodiments, the orientation that the first stacking retarder layer 1763 has uniform physical thickness and can be changed, and the Two, which stack retarder layer 1767, has the uniform physical thickness being orientated and can be changed.In other embodiments, retarder layer 1765 layer immediate vicinity it is thicker and in adjacent edges it is relatively thin.In some embodiments, retarder layer 1765 is at center Nearby there is first thickness, with higher second is thick in 1765 part of retarder layer close to 1765 edge of retarder layer Degree, and there is lower third thickness in 1765 part of different delays device layer close to 1765 edge of retarder layer.For example, Retarder layer 1765 can have the thickness distribution for being chosen so as to provide and postponing distribution shown in Fig. 9 C.Retarder layer 1765 is put down Equal physical thickness is havg.

Any suitable method can be used to provide the variation of retarder layer thickness.In some embodiments, pass through Layer thickness variation is provided for delayer coating to be applied to the coating method on substrate surface.For example, retarder layer can be revolved It is coated on the curved surface of optical lens, and the thickness of coating can become with the radial position away from the optical axis of optical lens Change.The other methods for providing required thickness distribution include chemical etching, plasma etching, focused ion beam etching, laser burning Erosion and embossing.Suitable selective plasma etching technology is for example in the " selectivity of the polymeric substrates for advanced application Plasma etching ", Puliyalil and Cvelbar, " nano material ", 2016, volume 6, the 108th phase (" Selective Plasma Etching of Polymeric Substrates for Advanced Applications”,Puliyalil And Cvelbar, Nanomaterials 2016,6,108) in be described.Suitable chemical etchant can include: alkali metal Salt, such as potassium hydroxide；Alkali metal salt with one of solubilizer (for example, amine) and alcohol (such as, ethylene glycol) or both. Selected chemical etchant can change according to the material of retarder layer.Chemical etchant suitable for some embodiments Including KOH/ ethanol amine/ethylene glycol etchant, such as in U.S. Patent Publication No.2007/0120089 (Mao et al.) more in detail Those of thin description.Other suitable chemical etchants include KOH/ glycine etchant, such as in U.S. Patent Publication Those of more detailed description in No.2013/0207031 (Palaniswamy).

Spin coating can be used to apply retarder layer (for example, LPP layers, followed by LCP layer).It can be by the way that lens be installed Retarder layer is spun on lens on the rotating platform of spin coater, the spin coater relay lens, while will be uncured Delayer material is applied near the vertex of lens.Adjustable rotation speed and quantity of material are to obtain required thickness.If It needs, can be distributed by etching further reducing thickness.In some embodiments, optical system includes spaced apart first Retarder layer and the second retarder layer.In some embodiments, the first retarder layer includes having smaller average first physics First spin coating retarder layer of thickness, and the second retarder layer includes having the second spin coating of larger average second physical thickness Retarder layer.

Figure 18 schematically shows elliptical polarization, and wherein polarization ellipse 1111 has major axis A and short axle B.Major axis A with X-axis is at an angle of ψ.The difference of polarization state can be characterized according to Stokes' parameter, Stokes' parameter usually indicates I, Q, U and V, And it is combined into Stokes vector S=(I, Q, U, V)^T.Parameter I indicates global radiation, and Q is indicated parallel or perpendicular to reference to flat The radiation of area linear polarization, U is indicated in the radiation with reference planes at 45 degree of direction linear polarization, and V indicates that circle is inclined The radiation of vibration light.Reference planes refer to the x-z-plane in Figure 18.Positive Q indicates a part of the light along x-axis linear polarization, and Negative Q indicates a part of the light along y-axis linear polarization.Positive U indicates with a part of the light of 45 degree of angle ψ linear polarization, and And negative U is indicated with a part of the light of the angle ψ linear polarization of -45 degree.Positive V indicates a part of the light of right hand circular polarization, And negative V indicates a part of the light of left hand circular polarization.

Difference between first polarization state and the second polarization state is defined herein as having the first polarization state and transmission By having intensity of second polarization state as the light of the perfect polarizer of its extinction state.For linear polarization state, the difference Value can be expressed as 1-cos²α, wherein α is the angle between polarization state.According to Stokes' parameter, it means that by stoke This vector S=(I, Q, U, V)^TThe polarization state of characterization and the difference between the linear polarization state of x-axis are provided by 1/2 (1-Q/I), And the difference by the Stokes vector S polarization state characterized and between the linear pole polarization state of y-axis by 1/2 (1+Q/I) to Out.It should be noted that utilizing this definition, the difference of polarization state is between 0 (identical polarization state) and 1 (orthogonal polarisation state).

In some embodiments, optical system includes reflective polarizer, the portion adjacent and spaced apart with reflective polarizer Point reflector, it is opposite with reflective polarizer and close to the first delayer of part reflector setting, be arranged in part reflector and The second delayer between reflective polarizer.In some embodiments, at least one in the first delayer and the second delayer Person has the delay of spatial non-uniform and/or the fast axle orientation of spatial non-uniform.In some embodiments, the first delayer and Second delayer has different wavelength dispersion curves.In some embodiments, optical system includes one or more optics Lens, and the reflective polarizer main surface different with part reflector is arranged in and conforms to one or more optical lenses In different main surfaces.In some embodiments, one or both of the first delayer and the second delayer are arranged simultaneously It conforms in the main surface of one or more optical lenses.In some embodiments, the first delayer is arranged in display panel On.In some embodiments, one or more optical lenses have at least one curved main surface.In some embodiments In, curved main surface is around two orthogonal direction bendings.In other embodiments, one or more optical lenses do not have Curved main surface (for example, gradient-index lens).In some embodiments, one or more optical lenses are along at least one A axis has non-zero diopter.In some embodiments, optical system is one of display system for further including display panel Point.

Any optical system or display system of this specification can be in such as head-mounted displays (for example, virtual reality is aobvious Show device) equipment in use.Figure 19 is the schematic top view of head-mounted display 1790, which includes frame The 1792 and first display portion 1794a and the second display portion 1794b.First display portion 1794a and the second display portion 1794b respectively includes outer surface 1782a and outer surface 1782b, and respectively includes inner surface 1784a and inner surface 1784b.The Each of one display portion 1794a and the second display portion 1794b may include the optical system or display system of this specification System.For example, the first display portion 1794a (and similarly to second display portion 1794b) may include optical system 1000, Wherein display panel (corresponding to object 100) is adjacent with outer surface 1782a, and optical lens 210 is towards inner surface 1784a. In some embodiments, single display panel can be used to replace individual display panel across part 1794a and 1794b.Head Head mounted displays 1790 may also include camera and/or eyes tracking system, such as U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2017/0068100 It is further described that the patent is hereinbefore herein incorporated by reference in (Ouderkirk et al.).

The following are the lists of the exemplary implementation scheme of this specification.

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