阅读说明：本技术 一种苏打盐碱地集水排盐方法及装置 (Water collection and salt elimination method and device for soda saline-alkali soil ) 是由 程东娟 郭海刚 王利书 宋利强 于 2021-08-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种苏打盐碱地集水排盐方法和装置,利用秸秆制作下层暗管和上层导管,通过本发明专用的铺设装置能够迅速、便捷地铺设下层暗管管网和上层导管管网。下层暗管和上层导管在进行一定周期的治理过程之后会自行降解,不占用土壤面积,无需后期拆除,节约成本；上层导管采用稻草秸秆,不仅可以将洗淋后的盐分输送至犁地层下,渗流到下层暗管管网中,同时稻草秸秆透气性较好,可以改善耕层通气性能；下层暗管能较长时间维持暗管集流排水功能,排盐效果显著,待秸秆腐烂后可提高土壤中有机物含量,有效改善了土壤的团粒结构,形成了自然的土壤大孔隙,有助于进一步集水排盐。(The invention discloses a water collecting and salt removing method and a device for soda saline-alkali soil. The lower layer of concealed conduit and the upper layer of conduit can be automatically degraded after a certain period of treatment process, the soil area is not occupied, later-period dismantling is not needed, and the cost is saved; the upper layer conduit adopts straw stalks, so that the washed and drenched salt can be conveyed to the position below the plough layer and seeps into the lower layer concealed pipe network, and meanwhile, the straw stalks have better air permeability and can improve the ventilation performance of the plough layer; the lower-layer concealed pipe can maintain the concealed pipe flow-collecting and water-draining function for a long time, the salt-removing effect is remarkable, the content of organic matters in soil can be improved after the straws are rotted, the granular structure of the soil is effectively improved, natural soil macropores are formed, and the water collection and salt removal are facilitated.)

1. A soda saline-alkali soil water collecting and salt removing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, manufacturing a lower-layer concealed pipe (1) and an upper-layer guide pipe (2), manufacturing the lower-layer concealed pipe (1) according to the sequence that first straws (11) are arranged at the innermost side, second straws (12) are fixed on the periphery of the first straws (11), and third straws (13) are fixed on the periphery of the second straws (12), wherein the diameters and the pores of the first straws (11), the second straws (12) and the third straws (13) are all reduced in sequence; selecting third straws (13) as upper layer catheters (2);

s2, laying the lower-layer concealed pipes (1), connecting the lower-layer concealed pipes (1) together and transversely laying the lower-layer concealed pipes in a soil layer of 30-100cm to form a lower-layer concealed pipe network;

s3, laying an upper layer of guide pipe (2), vertically laying the upper layer of guide pipe (2) in a soil layer right above a lower layer of concealed pipe (1), and enabling the lower end of the upper layer of guide pipe (2) to penetrate through a plough bottom layer to form an upper layer of guide pipe network.

2. The water collecting and salt removing method and device for the soda saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 are characterized in that the lower layer of concealed pipe network is laid in a certain gradient, and the tail end of the lower layer of concealed pipe network is obliquely downwards communicated with a drainage open ditch.

3. The water collecting and salt removing method and device for the soda saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first straw (11), the second straw (12) and the third straw (13) are sunflower straw, corn straw and rice straw in sequence.

4. The soda saline-alkali soil water collecting and salt removing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper layer conduit (2) is made of straw stalks which are sterilized by quicklime and dried in the air.

5. The soda saline-alkali soil water-collecting and salt-removing method according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the lower-layer concealed pipe (1) is provided with a convex part (14), the other end is provided with an inner concave part (15) corresponding to the convex part (14), the convex part (14) is an extending end of the first straw (11) extending out of the lower-layer concealed pipe (1), and the convex part (14) of any lower-layer concealed pipe (1) can be inserted into the inner concave part (15) of another lower-layer concealed pipe (1).

6. A device for implementing the soda saline-alkali soil water collecting and salt removing method in any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises a rack (3) and a traction machine head (4) connected with the front end of the rack (3), wherein the traction machine head (4) pulls the rack (3) to move, a rack lifting mechanism (5) is installed at the rear end of the traction machine head (4), the traction machine head (4) is connected with the rack (3) through the rack lifting mechanism (5) and drives the rack (3) to lift, and a lower-layer concealed conduit laying mechanism (6) and an upper-layer conduit laying mechanism (7) are sequentially installed from the front end to the rear end of the rack (3);

mechanism (6) is laid to lower floor's buried pipeline includes first feed bin (61), first broken casing (62), buried pipeline elevating system (63) and pushing equipment (64), buried pipeline elevating system (63) are installed on frame (3) and are connected with first feed bin (61), be used for driving frame (3) relatively of first feed bin (61) and go up and down, first feed bin (61) lower part is the narrowing form, first feed bin (61) bottom is equipped with feed opening (611) that supply single lower floor's buried pipeline (1) to shift out, first feed bin (61) and first broken casing (62) fixed connection and feed opening (611) and first broken casing (62) inner chamber intercommunication, one side that advancing direction was laid towards the buried pipeline to first broken casing (62) is broken end (621) that have the oblique sword, first broken casing (62) internal fixation has vertical baffle (622) and transverse baffle (623), first broken casing (62), A discharge chamber (624) is defined by the vertical partition plate (622) and the transverse partition plate (623), the concealed pipes (1) at the lower layer are stacked in the discharge chamber (624) in a single row, a discharge guide cylinder (65) is arranged on one side of the first soil breaking shell (62) back to the laying advancing direction of the concealed pipes, and the discharge guide cylinder (65) and the transverse partition plate (623) are in smooth transition; the material pushing mechanism (64) comprises a first hydraulic cylinder (641) arranged below the transverse partition plate (623), the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder (641) extends out of the first soil breaking shell (62) and is provided with a connecting plate (642), a push rod (643) is fixed on the connecting plate (642), the other end of the push rod (643) extends into the first soil breaking shell (62) and is fixed with a push plate (644), a material pushing gap (645) for the push plate (644) to pass through so as to push the single lower-layer concealed pipe (1) out of the discharging guide cylinder (65) is arranged between the vertical partition plate (622) and the transverse partition plate (623), and a material blocking plate (646) arranged horizontally is fixed on one side of the push plate (644) back to the discharging guide cylinder (65);

the upper layer conduit laying mechanism (7) comprises a second ground breaking shell (71), a second storage bin (72), a hydraulic motor (73), a rotating shaft (74) and a guide ring (75), the second soil breaking shell (71), the hydraulic motor (73) and the second storage bin (72) are fixedly mounted on the rack (3), the guide ring (75) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the second soil breaking shell (71), one side, back to the first soil breaking shell (62), of the second soil breaking shell (71) is of an open structure, a material inserting opening (711) is formed in the bottom of the second soil breaking shell (71), the rotating shaft (74) is rotatably mounted on the second soil breaking shell (71), the hydraulic motor (73) drives the rotating shaft (74) to rotate through the transmission assembly (78), four rotating arms (76) which are circumferentially distributed along the axis of the rotating shaft (74) are mounted on the rotating shaft (74), and the clamping mechanism (77) is mounted at the other end of each rotating arm (76); the clamping mechanism (77) comprises a fixed splint (771) and a movable splint (772), at least two grooves (773) are formed in the rotating arm (76), the open ends of the grooves (773) are sealed through the fixed splint (771), sliders (774) and pressure springs (775) are arranged in the grooves (773), the sliders (774) are clamped in the grooves (773) in a sliding mode, one end of each pressure spring (775) abuts against the fixed splint (771) and the other end of each pressure spring (775) abuts against the corresponding slider (774), the sliders (774) are in contact fit with the grooves (773), pushing columns (776) are fixed at the other ends of the sliders (774), the pushing columns (776) penetrate through the grooves (773) and are fixedly connected with the movable splint (772), and universal balls (777) in contact fit with the guide ring (75) are fixed on the movable splint (772); the lower part of the second storage bin (72) is of a narrowing structure, one side, facing the first storage bin (61), of the second storage bin (72) is provided with a first opening (721) for moving the clamping mechanism (77) in, the bottom of the second storage bin (72) is provided with a second opening (722) for moving the clamping mechanism (77) out, and the first opening (721) and the second opening (722) are both provided with a material blocking brush (723) for limiting the upper-layer conduit (2) in the second storage bin (72) to pass through; the guide ring (75) and the rotating shaft (74) are coaxially arranged, the guide ring (75) comprises a convex section (751), a stable section (752) and an inclined section (753) which are sequentially bordered, the thickness of the convex section (751) is larger than that of the stable section (752), and the inclined section (753) is connected with the convex section (751) and the stable section (752).

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the frame lifting mechanism (5) comprises a second hydraulic cylinder (51) fixedly mounted on the tractor head (4) and at least two vertical rails (52), a vertical sliding plate (53) is slidably mounted in the vertical rails (52), a fixed frame (54) is fixed at the front end of the frame (3), the fixed frame (54) is fixedly connected with the vertical sliding plate (53), a lifting plate (55) is mounted at the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder (51), and the top ends of the fixed frames (54) of the lifting plate (55) are connected.

8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the concealed pipe lifting mechanism (63) comprises a first mounting frame (631) and a first guide rod (632) which are fixedly mounted on the frame (3), a third hydraulic cylinder (633) is fixedly mounted on the first mounting frame (631), a piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder (633) is vertically downward and is connected with the first storage bin (61), a first guide sleeve (634) is fixed on the first storage bin (61), and the first guide sleeve (634) is sleeved on the first guide rod (632) and is in contact fit with the first guide rod (632).

9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the lifting wheel mechanism (8) is installed at the rear end of the rack (3), the lifting wheel mechanism (8) comprises a second mounting frame (81) fixedly installed in the rear end of the rack (3), a fourth hydraulic cylinder (82) and a second guide sleeve (83) are installed on the second mounting frame (81), a piston rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder (82) is vertically arranged downwards and is provided with a wheel assembly (84), a second guide rod (85) vertically arranged is further fixed on the wheel assembly (84), and the second guide rod (85) penetrates through the second guide sleeve (83) and is in contact fit with the second guide sleeve (83).

10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the clamping means (77) enter the second magazine (72) from the first opening (721) when the ball transfer unit (777) passes the ramp section (753); when the universal ball (777) passes through the convex section (751), the clamping mechanism (77) clamps the straw stalks in the second storage bin (72) and moves out of the second opening (722); when the universal ball (777) moves to the stable section (752), the clamping mechanism (77) loosens the straw stalks; when the universal ball (777) runs on the convex section (751), the rotating arm (76) rotates 90 degrees.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment, in particular to a water collection and salt elimination method and device for soda saline-alkali soil.

Background

Salinization of soil is a worldwide problem. About 20 percent of agricultural irrigation land in the world is affected by salinization, about 1 hundred million hm2 of saline-alkali soil exists in China, and secondary salinization of the soil is increasingly aggravated due to factors such as drought, unreasonable cultivation, laggard drainage equipment, facility cultivation and the like. The limited nature of the land determines that people need to carry out repair research and practice on the saline-alkali soil, so that the saline-alkali soil is repaired and improved, the saline-alkali soil is suitable for the growth and development of crops, the agricultural cultivation is facilitated, the regional economy is improved, and the development of the regional society is promoted.

The soda saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in Songyuan and Baicheng of Jilin, Daqing and Qizihaer of Heilongjiang, Tongliao and Chifeng of inner Mongolia and the like, and is mainly characterized in that the pH value of the soil is high, some of the soil is as high as more than 11.0, the total salt content of the soil is not high, and the main harm is caused to the alkalinity of the soil. For severe soda saline-alkali soil, the pH value needs to be regulated to be below 8.5, a plurality of crops can grow, and if the crops grow well, the pH value of the soil needs to be regulated to be within 7.5 in many times.

At present, the soda saline-alkali soil is improved by adopting physical salt washing and chemical salt improvement methods. The method has the advantages that the method is high in cost, large in occupied soil area and difficult to dismantle after treatment is completed; a large amount of chemical reagents are added into the chemical salt modification to reduce the pH value of the soil, but a large amount of salt is generated by acid-base neutralization reaction, the growth of rice seedlings is still damaged due to high salt content in the soil, and the improvement effect is not obvious.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems, designs the soda saline-alkali soil water-collecting and salt-removing method and the device by using the straws as pipelines, the straw pipelines are degradable, the disassembly is not needed, and the pipeline laying and disassembling cost can be saved.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the soda saline-alkali soil water-collecting and salt-removing method comprises the following steps:

s1, manufacturing a lower-layer concealed pipe and an upper-layer guide pipe, manufacturing the lower-layer concealed pipe according to the sequence that the first straw is arranged at the innermost side, the second straw is fixed on the periphery of the first straw, and the third straw is fixed on the periphery of the second straw, wherein the diameters and the pores of the first straw, the second straw and the third straw are sequentially reduced; selecting third straws as upper-layer catheters;

s2, laying lower-layer concealed pipes, connecting the lower-layer concealed pipes together and transversely laying the lower-layer concealed pipes in a soil layer of 30-100cm to form a lower-layer concealed pipe network;

s3, laying an upper layer of guide pipe, vertically laying the upper layer of guide pipe in a soil layer right above the lower layer of concealed pipe, and enabling the lower end of the upper layer of guide pipe to penetrate through the plough bottom layer to form an upper layer of guide pipe network.

Furthermore, the lower-layer concealed pipe network is laid at a certain gradient, and the tail end of the lower-layer concealed pipe network is obliquely downwards communicated with the open drainage ditch.

Furthermore, the first straw, the second straw and the third straw are sunflower straw, corn straw and rice straw in sequence.

Further, the upper layer conduit is made of straw stalks which are sterilized by quicklime and dried in the air.

Furthermore, one end of the lower-layer concealed pipe is provided with a protruding part, the other end of the lower-layer concealed pipe is provided with an inner concave part corresponding to the protruding part, the protruding part is an extending end of the first straw extending out of the lower-layer concealed pipe, and the protruding part of any lower-layer concealed pipe can be inserted into the inner concave part of another lower-layer concealed pipe.

The invention provides a device for implementing a water collecting and salt removing method for soda saline-alkali soil, which comprises a rack and a traction machine head connected with the front end of the rack, wherein the traction machine head is used for drawing the rack to move;

the lower-layer concealed pipe laying mechanism comprises a first bin, a first ground breaking shell, a concealed pipe lifting mechanism and a material pushing mechanism, the concealed pipe lifting mechanism is arranged on the machine frame and is connected with the first bin, the device comprises a first storage bin, a second storage bin, a discharging guide cylinder, a first ground breaking shell, a discharging chamber, a discharging guide cylinder and a transverse partition plate, wherein the first storage bin is used for driving the first storage bin to lift relative to a rack, the lower part of the first storage bin is in a narrowing shape, the bottom of the first storage bin is provided with a discharging opening for moving out a single lower layer of concealed pipes, the first storage bin is fixedly connected with the first ground breaking shell, the discharging opening is communicated with the inner cavity of the first ground breaking shell, one side, facing the laying advancing direction of the concealed pipes, of the first ground breaking shell is a ground breaking end with an inclined edge, a vertical partition plate and a transverse partition plate are fixed in the first ground breaking shell, the vertical partition plate and the transverse partition plate enclose the discharging chamber, the lower layer of the concealed pipes are stacked in the discharging chamber in a single row, one side, facing away from the laying advancing direction of the concealed pipes, of the first ground breaking shell is provided with the discharging guide cylinder, and the transverse partition plate are in smooth transition; the material pushing mechanism comprises a first hydraulic cylinder arranged below the transverse partition plate, the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder extends out of the first soil breaking shell and is provided with a connecting plate, a push rod is fixed on the connecting plate, the other end of the push rod extends into the first soil breaking shell and is fixed with a push plate, a material pushing gap for the push plate to pass through so as to push the single lower-layer concealed pipe out of the discharging guide cylinder is arranged between the vertical partition plate and the transverse partition plate, and a material blocking plate horizontally arranged is fixed on one side of the push plate, which is back to the discharging guide cylinder;

the upper-layer conduit laying mechanism comprises a second soil breaking shell, a second storage bin, a hydraulic motor, a rotating shaft and a guide ring, wherein the second soil breaking shell, the hydraulic motor and the second storage bin are fixedly arranged on the rack; the clamping mechanism comprises a fixed clamping plate and a movable clamping plate, at least two grooves are formed in the rotating arm, the opening end of each groove is sealed through the fixed clamping plate, a sliding block and a pressure spring are arranged in each groove, the sliding block is slidably clamped in each groove, one end of each pressure spring is abutted to the other end of the corresponding fixed clamping plate, the sliding block is abutted to the corresponding groove, the other end of each sliding block is fixedly provided with a pushing column, the pushing column penetrates through the corresponding groove to be fixedly connected with the movable clamping plate, and universal balls in contact fit with the guide rings are fixed on the movable clamping plate; the lower part of the second storage bin is of a narrowing structure, one side of the second storage bin, which faces the first storage bin, is provided with a first opening for the clamping mechanism to move in, the bottom of the second storage bin is provided with a second opening for the clamping mechanism to move out, and the first opening and the second opening are both provided with material blocking brushes for limiting the upper-layer guide tubes in the second storage bin to pass through; the guide ring is coaxial with the rotation axis and comprises a protruding section, a stable section and an inclined plane section which are sequentially connected, the thickness of the protruding section is larger than that of the stable section, and the inclined plane section is connected with the protruding section and the stable section.

Further, frame elevating system includes second pneumatic cylinder and two at least vertical tracks of fixed mounting on drawing the aircraft nose, and slidable mounting has vertical slide in the vertical track, and the frame front end is fixed with the mount, mount and vertical slide fixed connection, and the lifter plate is installed to the flexible end of second pneumatic cylinder, and the lifter plate mount top is connected.

Further, the concealed pipe lifting mechanism comprises a first mounting frame and a first guide rod which are fixedly mounted on the frame, a third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the first mounting frame, a piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder is vertically downward and connected with a first bin, a first guide sleeve is fixed on the first bin, and the first guide sleeve is sleeved on the first guide rod and is in contact fit with the first guide rod.

Further, the lifting wheel mechanism is installed at the rear end of the rack, the lifting wheel mechanism comprises a second mounting frame fixedly installed in the rear end of the rack, a fourth hydraulic cylinder and a second guide sleeve are installed on the second mounting frame, a piston rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is vertically arranged downwards and provided with a wheel assembly, a second guide rod vertically arranged is further fixed on the wheel assembly, and the second guide rod penetrates through the second guide sleeve and is in contact fit with the second guide sleeve.

Further, when the universal ball passes through the inclined plane section, the clamping mechanism enters the second storage bin from the first opening; when the universal ball passes through the convex section, the clamping mechanism clamps the straw stalks in the second storage bin and moves out from the second opening; when the universal ball moves to the stable section, the clamping mechanism loosens the straw stalks; when the universal ball walks the protruding section, the rotating arm rotates 90 degrees.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the lower-layer concealed pipe and the upper-layer conduit are both made of soil degradable straw materials and can be automatically degraded after a certain period of treatment process, so that the soil area is not occupied, later-period dismantling is not needed, and the cost is saved;

2. the straw stalks are treated by a quicklime sterilization mode, so that the sterilization can be realized, and the calcium application amount can be increased;

3. the upper layer conduit adopts straw stalks, so that the washed and drenched salt can be conveyed to the position below the plough layer and seeps into the lower layer concealed pipe network, and meanwhile, the straw stalks have better air permeability and can improve the ventilation performance of the plough layer;

4. the sunflower straws are arranged in the middle, the corn straws are arranged around the sunflower straws, and the rice straws are arranged at the outermost periphery, so that a lower-layer hidden pipe is formed, wherein the straw material from inside to outside is from thick to thin, and the pores in the straws are from large to small, so that the situation that the middle pores of the lower-layer hidden pipe are blocked by finer particles of soil can be prevented, and the current-collecting and drainage functions of the hidden pipe are maintained for a long time;

5. the salt removal effect is remarkable, and the biological organic matters such as straws and the like are used as salt removal pipelines, so that the content of the organic matters in soil can be remarkably improved after the straws and the like are rotted, the granular structure of the soil is effectively improved, natural soil macropores are formed, and the water collection and salt removal are further facilitated;

6. the pipe laying device can rapidly and conveniently complete laying of an upper-layer pipe network and a lower-layer concealed pipe network.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of laying an upper layer conduit pipe network and a lower layer concealed pipe network;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a lower-stage concealed pipe;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a lower-stage closed conduit;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the pipe network laying device of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the upper conduit deployment mechanism;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the lower lay-down mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of the lower portion of the first ripping housing of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the gantry lift mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the clamping mechanism;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the guide ring;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at A;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at C;

in the figure, 1, a lower layer of a hidden pipe; 11. first straw; 12. second straw; 13. third straw; 14. a boss portion; 15. an inner concave part 2 and an upper layer conduit; 3. a frame; 4. drawing a machine head; 5. a frame lifting mechanism; 51. a second hydraulic cylinder; 52. a vertical rail; 53. a vertical slide plate; 54. a fixed mount; 55. a lifting plate; 6. a lower-layer concealed pipe laying mechanism; 61. a first storage bin; 611. a feeding port; 62. a first ground breaking housing; 621. a soil breaking end; 622. a vertical partition plate; 623. a transverse partition; 624. a discharge chamber; 63. a concealed pipe lifting mechanism; 631. a first mounting bracket; 632. a first guide bar; 633. a third hydraulic cylinder; 634. a first guide sleeve; 64. a material pushing mechanism; 641. a first hydraulic cylinder; 642. a connecting plate; 643. a push rod; 644. pushing the plate; 645. a material pushing gap; 646. a striker plate; 65. a discharge guide cylinder; 7. an upper conduit laying mechanism; 71. a second ground breaking housing; 711. inserting a material port; 72. a second storage bin; 721. a first opening; 722. a second opening; 723. a material blocking brush; 73. a hydraulic motor; 74. a rotating shaft; 75. a guide ring; 751. a convex section; 752. a stationary section; 753. a slope section; 76. a rotating arm; 77. a clamping mechanism; 771. fixing the clamping plate; 772. a movable splint; 773. a groove; 774. a slider; 775. a pressure spring; 776. pushing the column; 777. a ball transfer unit; 78. a transmission assembly; 8. a lifting wheel mechanism; 81. a second mounting bracket; 82. a fourth hydraulic cylinder; 83. a second guide sleeve; 84. a wheel assembly; 85. a second guide bar.

Detailed Description

While the invention will be described in detail in connection with the drawings, it is to be understood that the following detailed description is provided for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is to be construed as broadly as the appended claims will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and which is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-3, a soda saline-alkali soil water-collecting and salt-removing method comprises the following steps:

firstly, a lower-layer concealed pipe 1 and an upper-layer conduit 2 are manufactured, sunflower straws, corn straws and rice straws are cut into straw sections with equal length, the straw sections are arranged according to the sequence that the sunflower straws are arranged at the innermost side, the corn straws are fixed at the periphery of the sunflower straws, and the rice straws are fixed at the periphery of the sunflower straws, then the sunflower straws are pushed out partially to form a convex part 14 of the lower-layer concealed pipe 1, the other end of the sunflower straws and the inner side of the lower-layer concealed pipe 1 form an inner concave part 15, and then the sunflower straws, the corn straws and the rice straws are bound or bonded together to manufacture the lower-layer concealed pipe 1; the diameters and the pores of the sunflower straws, the corn straws and the rice straws are all reduced in sequence, so that the situation that the middle pores of the underground pipes 1 on the lower layer are blocked by finer soil particles can be prevented, and the underground pipe flow collecting and draining function can be maintained for a long time; selecting straw stalks, sterilizing the straw stalks by quicklime, airing to prepare an upper layer conduit 2, and sterilizing the straw stalks by the quicklime and increasing the calcium application amount; the straw stalk not only can convey the washed and drenched salt to the position below the plough layer and seep into the hidden pipe network at the lower layer, but also has better air permeability and can improve the ventilation performance of the plough layer;

then laying a lower-layer concealed pipe 1, as shown in figure 1, inserting the lower-layer concealed pipe 1 and an inner concave part 15 into each other through a convex part 14, transversely laying the lower-layer concealed pipe in a soil layer of 35-40cm at a certain gradient, and communicating the tail end of the lower-layer concealed pipe with a drainage open ditch in an inclined downward manner to form a lower-layer concealed pipe network;

and meanwhile, laying an upper layer of guide pipe 2, vertically laying the upper layer of guide pipe 2 in a soil layer right above the lower layer of concealed pipe 1, and enabling the lower end of the upper layer of guide pipe 2 to penetrate through the plough bottom layer and be located in a 30cm soil layer to form an upper layer of guide pipe network.

The upper layer conduit pipe network can convey the washed and leached salt to the position below the plough layer, the salt is seeped into the lower layer concealed pipe network, and the lower layer concealed pipe network conveys the salt to the open drain.

As shown in fig. 4-13, the invention also provides a device for implementing the water collecting and salt removing method for soda saline-alkali soil, which comprises a frame 3 and a traction machine head 4 connected with the front end of the frame 3, wherein the traction machine head 4 pulls the frame 3 to move, a frame lifting mechanism 5 is installed at the rear end of the traction machine head 4, the traction machine head 4 is connected with the frame 3 through the frame lifting mechanism 5 and drives the frame 3 to lift, and a lower-layer concealed conduit laying mechanism 6 and an upper-layer conduit laying mechanism 7 are sequentially installed from the upper front end to the rear end of the frame 3;

in the above description, the tractor head 4 is a tractor head of the prior art, the lower-layer concealed pipe laying mechanism 6 is used for laying a lower-layer concealed pipe network, and the upper-layer conduit laying mechanism 7 is used for laying an upper-layer conduit pipe network; the laying function of the lower layer concealed pipe network and the upper layer conduit pipe network is carried out simultaneously;

the lower-layer concealed pipe laying mechanism 6 comprises a first storage bin 61, a first ground breaking shell 62, a concealed pipe lifting mechanism 63 and a material pushing mechanism 64, wherein the concealed pipe lifting mechanism 63 is installed on the machine frame 3 and connected with the first storage bin 61 and used for driving the first storage bin 61 to lift relative to the machine frame 3, the lower part of the first storage bin 61 is in a narrowed shape, a feed opening 611 for moving out a single lower-layer concealed pipe 1 is arranged at the bottom of the first storage bin 61, the first storage bin 61 is fixedly connected with the first ground breaking shell 62, the feed opening 611 is communicated with the inner cavity of the first ground breaking shell 62, one side of the first ground breaking shell 62 facing the concealed pipe laying advancing direction is a ground breaking end 621 with an inclined edge, a vertical partition 622 and a transverse partition 623 are fixed in the first ground breaking shell 62, a discharge chamber is enclosed by the first ground breaking shell 62, the vertical partition 622 and the transverse partition 623, the lower-layer concealed pipe 1 is stacked in the discharge chamber 624 in a single row, a discharge guide cylinder 65 is arranged at one side of the first ground breaking shell 62 facing away from the concealed pipe laying advancing direction, the discharging guide cylinder 65 and the transverse clapboard 623 are in smooth transition; the material pushing mechanism 64 comprises a first hydraulic cylinder 641 arranged below the transverse partition plate 623, the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder 641 extends out of the first soil breaking shell 62 and is provided with a connecting plate 642, a push rod 643 is fixed on the connecting plate 642, the other end of the push rod 643 extends into the first soil breaking shell 62 and is fixed with a push plate 644, a sealing ring in sliding sealing connection with the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder 641 and the push rod 644 is arranged on the first soil breaking shell 62, soil can be prevented from entering the first soil breaking shell 62, a material pushing gap 645 for the push plate 644 to pass through so as to push the single lower-layer concealed pipe 1 out of the discharge guide cylinder 65 is arranged between the vertical partition plate 622 and the transverse partition plate 623, and a horizontally arranged material blocking plate 646 is fixed on one side of the push plate 644 facing away from the discharge guide cylinder 65;

in the above description, the lower concealed pipe 1 is flatly placed in the first storage bin 61 and the discharging chamber 624, and the concealed pipe lifting mechanism 63 is connected with the hydraulic system of the traction machine head 4 of the first hydraulic cylinder 641; when the underground pipe is laid, a pit slot is dug in advance, the traction machine head 4 pulls the rack 3 to move to the pit slot, the rack lifting mechanism 5 drives the rack 3 to descend, the first soil breaking shell 62 enters the pit slot firstly, when a preset soil layer is reached, the rack 3 stops descending, the traction machine head 4 pulls the rack 3 to break soil from the pit slot for laying operation, the first hydraulic cylinder 641 continuously moves in a telescopic mode, when a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 641 extends out, the lower-layer underground pipes 1 are pushed to enter the discharging guide cylinder 65 one by one through the push plate 644, one end of each lower-layer underground pipe 1 extends out of the discharging guide cylinder 65 and then is covered and pressed by soil, and along with the advancing of the traction machine head 4, the lower-layer underground pipes 1 gradually leave the discharging guide cylinder 65; the material baffle 646 can block the upper layer of the lower layer of the concealed pipe 1, the phenomenon that the upper layer of the lower layer of the concealed pipe 1 falls to influence the reset of the push plate 644 is avoided, after a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 641 contracts, the push plate 644 leaves the discharge chamber 624 through the material pushing gap 645, the lower layer of the concealed pipe 1 automatically falls to the transverse partition 623 under the action of gravity, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 641 extends out again, the lower layer of the concealed pipe 1 on the transverse partition 623 is pushed by the push plate 644 to enter the discharge guide cylinder 65, because the upper layer of the concealed pipe 1 is not completely moved out of the discharge guide cylinder 65, the push plate 644 pushes the lower layer of the concealed pipe 1 to catch up the upper layer of the concealed pipe 1 in the discharge guide cylinder 65, the push plate 644 has high moving speed, the lower layer of the concealed pipe 1 can be pushed, the convex part 14 of the lower layer of the concealed pipe 1 is inserted into the concave part 15 of the upper layer of the lower layer of the concealed pipe 1, so that the two lower layer of the concealed pipe networks are connected together, and the laying of the lower layer of the concealed pipes is carried out; when the tractor head 4 moves, the hidden pipe lifting mechanism 63 drives the first storage bin 61 and the first soil breaking shell 62 to slowly descend, so that the soil penetration depth of the first soil breaking shell 62 is gradually increased, the paved lower-layer hidden pipe network can be in a certain gradient until the first soil breaking shell 62 moves to the open drainage ditch, and the tail end of the lower-layer hidden pipe network is communicated with the open drainage ditch;

the upper layer conduit laying mechanism 7 comprises a second soil breaking shell 71, a second storage bin 72, a hydraulic motor 73, a rotating shaft 74 and a guide ring 75, wherein the second soil breaking shell 71, the hydraulic motor 73 and the second storage bin 72 are all fixedly installed on the rack 3, the guide ring 75 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the second soil breaking shell 71, one side of the second soil breaking shell 71, which is back to the first soil breaking shell 62, is an open structure, a material inserting port 711 is arranged at the bottom of the second soil breaking shell 71, the rotating shaft 74 is rotatably installed on the second soil breaking shell 71, the hydraulic motor 73 drives the rotating shaft 74 to rotate through a transmission assembly 78, four rotating arms 76 which are circumferentially distributed along the axis of the rotating shaft 74 are installed on the rotating shaft 74, and a clamping mechanism 77 is installed at the other end of the rotating arms 76; the clamping mechanism 77 comprises a fixed splint 771 and a movable splint 772, at least two grooves 773 are arranged on the rotating arm 76, the open ends of the grooves 773 are sealed through the fixed splint 771, sliders 774 and pressure springs 775 are arranged in the grooves 773, the sliders 774 are clamped in the grooves 773 in a sliding mode, one ends of the pressure springs 775 abut against the fixed splint 771, the other ends of the pressure springs 775 abut against the sliders 774, the sliders 774 are in contact fit with the grooves 773, pushing columns 776 are fixed to the other ends of the sliders 774, the pushing columns 776 penetrate through the grooves 773 to be fixedly connected with the movable splint 772, and universal balls 777 in contact fit with the guide ring 75 are fixed on the movable splint 772; the lower part of the second storage bin 72 is of a narrowing structure, one side of the second storage bin 72, which faces the first storage bin 61, is provided with a first opening 721 for the clamping mechanism 77 to move in, the bottom of the second storage bin 72 is provided with a second opening 722 for the clamping mechanism 77 to move out, and the first opening 721 and the second opening 722 are both provided with a material blocking brush 723 for limiting the upper-layer conduit 2 in the second storage bin 72 to pass through; the guide ring 75 is arranged coaxially with the rotating shaft 74, the guide ring 75 comprises a convex section 751, a stable section 752 and a slope section 753 which are sequentially connected, the thickness of the convex section 751 is larger than that of the stable section 752, and the slope section 753 is connected with the convex section 751 and the stable section 752.

In the above description, the bottom end of the second soil breaking shell 71 is lower than the discharging guide cylinder 65, so as to avoid contacting with the laid lower-layer concealed pipe 1; the hydraulic motor 73 is connected with a hydraulic system of the traction machine head 4, the second soil breaking shell 71 follows the first soil breaking shell 62 and moves along the path of the first soil breaking shell 62, the hydraulic motor 73 is a low-speed large-torque hydraulic motor 73, and a radial plunger type hydraulic motor 73 is selected in the embodiment; the hydraulic motor 73 drives the rotating shaft 74 to rotate through the transmission assembly 78, the transmission assembly 78 is a chain transmission assembly 78 and comprises a driving chain wheel arranged at the conveying end of the hydraulic motor 73 and a driven chain wheel arranged on the rotating shaft 74, the driving chain wheel is connected with a driven connecting piece through a chain, the rotating shaft 74 drives the rotating arm 76 and the clamping mechanism 77 to rotate, when the universal ball 777 passes through the inclined plane section 753, the clamping mechanism 77 passes through the material blocking brush 723 from the first opening 721 to enter the second bin 72, the horizontally arranged upper-layer conduit 2 is placed in the second bin 72, the inclined plane section 753 extrudes the universal ball 777, the sliding block 774 slides in the sliding groove, the pressure spring 775 compresses, the movable clamping plate 772 draws close to the fixed clamping plate 771, and the movable clamping plate 772 gradually clamps the upper-layer conduit 2 between the movable clamping plate 772 and the fixed clamping plate 771; then the universal ball 777 passes through the convex section 751, the distance between the movable clamping plate 772 and the fixed clamping plate 771 is minimized, the movable clamping plate 772 and the fixed clamping plate 771 clamp the upper layer of the conduit 2 in the second storage bin 72 and the upper layer of the conduit 2 is moved out of the second storage bin 72 through the blocking brush 723 through the second opening 722; the upper layer guide pipe 2 is clamped out of the second bin 72 by the clamping mechanism 77 in a horizontal posture, when the universal ball 777 walks from the convex section 751 to the stable section 752, the rotating arm 76 rotates by 90 degrees approximately, at the moment, the upper layer guide pipe 2 is clamped by the clamping mechanism 77 in a vertical posture, the lower end of the upper layer guide pipe 2 extends out of the second bin 72 through the insertion port 711 and is inserted into a soil layer, the border between the convex section 751 and the stable section 752 has a thickness difference, the universal ball 777 is separated from the convex section 751 instantly, under the action of the elastic restoring force of the pressure spring 775, the pressure spring 775 pushes the slide block 774 to enable the movable clamp plate 772 to be far away from the fixed clamp plate 771, and the clamping mechanism 77 releases the upper layer guide pipe 2 instantly, so that the upper layer guide pipe 2 can be vertically inserted into the soil layer; with the movement of the second soil breaking housing 71, the rotation arms 76 continue to rotate, and the gripping mechanisms 77 take out the upper pipe 2 in the second storage bin 72 and insert it into the soil layer, thereby laying the upper pipe network.

In order to facilitate the driving of the frame 3 to lift and descend, a frame lifting mechanism 5 is arranged, the frame lifting mechanism 5 comprises a second hydraulic cylinder 51 and at least two vertical rails 52 which are fixedly installed on the traction machine head 4, a vertical sliding plate 53 is installed in the vertical rails 52 in a sliding mode, a fixing frame 54 is fixed at the front end of the frame 3, the fixing frame 54 is fixedly connected with the vertical sliding plate 53, a lifting plate 55 is installed at the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder 51, and the top end of the fixing frame 54 of the lifting plate 55 is connected. Vertical track 52 and vertical slide 53 play direction and traction effect, it drives mount 54 through vertical track 52 and vertical slide 53 to pull aircraft nose 4, frame 3 removes, second hydraulic cylinder 51 is connected with the 4 hydraulic system of traction aircraft nose, the flexible accessible lifter plate 55 of second hydraulic cylinder 51 drives mount 54, the lift of frame 3, when second hydraulic cylinder 51 stretches out the biggest, first broken soil casing 62 rises to the ground top, when second hydraulic cylinder 51 contracts to the minimum, first broken soil casing 62 descends to in the soil horizon below 30 cm.

Lay lower floor's concealed pipe network for realizing according to the grade, set up concealed pipe elevating system 63, concealed pipe elevating system 63 includes first mounting bracket 631 and first guide bar 632 of fixed mounting in frame 3, fixed mounting has third pneumatic cylinder 633 on the first mounting bracket 631, the piston rod of third pneumatic cylinder 633 is vertical downwards and be connected with first feed bin 61, be fixed with first uide bushing 634 on the first feed bin 61, first uide bushing 634 suit is on first guide bar 632 and with first guide bar 632 contact cooperation. First uide bushing 634 and first guide bar 632 set up two at least, and first uide bushing 634 and first guide bar 632 play the direction and draw the effect, and frame 3 drives first uide bushing 634, first feed bin 61 through first guide bar 632 and advances, and in the lower floor's concealed pipe network laying process, first feed bin 61, the first broken soil casing 62 of third pneumatic cylinder 633 drive descend to finely tune the dark pipe 1 of lower floor and lay the degree of depth.

For cooperating frame elevating system 5 to go up and down frame 3, make frame 3 go up and down and move the in-process and keep steadily, install lifting wheel mechanism 8 in frame 3 rear end, lifting wheel mechanism 8 includes the second mounting bracket 81 of fixed mounting in frame 3 rear end, install fourth pneumatic cylinder 82 and second uide bushing 83 on the second mounting bracket 81, the vertical downward setting of fourth pneumatic cylinder 82 piston rod just installs wheel subassembly 84, still be fixed with the second guide bar 85 of vertical setting on the wheel subassembly 84, second guide bar 85 passes second uide bushing 83 and cooperates with the contact of second uide bushing 83. The fourth hydraulic cylinder 82 is connected with a hydraulic system of the traction machine head 4, the fourth hydraulic cylinder 82 and the second hydraulic cylinder 51 work synchronously, the second guide sleeve 83 and the second guide rod 85 play a role in guiding and traction, the second mounting frame 81 drives the second guide rod 85 to move along with the machine frame 3 through the second guide sleeve 83, the fourth hydraulic cylinder 82 extends out along with the second hydraulic cylinder 51, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 82 can lift the machine frame 3 through the pushing trolley wheel assembly 84.

When the ball 777 passes through the slope section 753, the clamping mechanism 77 enters the second bin 72 from the first opening 721; when the universal ball 777 passes through the convex section 751, the clamping mechanism 77 clamps the straw stalks in the second storage bin 72 and moves out of the second opening 722; when the universal ball 777 moves to the stable section 752, the clamping mechanism 77 loosens the straw stalks; when the ball 777 has traveled the convex section 751, the rotating arm 76 rotates 90 degrees.

Example 2

The embodiment is almost the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the lower layer hidden pipe 1 is transversely paved in a soil layer of 35-45cm in a certain gradient, and the gradient is small.

Example 3

The embodiment is almost the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the lower layer hidden pipe 1 is transversely paved in a soil layer of 40-50cm in a certain gradient, and the gradient is small.

Example 4

The embodiment is almost the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the lower layer hidden pipe 1 is transversely paved in a soil layer of 35-60cm in a certain gradient, and the gradient is larger.

Example 5

The embodiment is almost the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the lower layer hidden pipe 1 is transversely paved in a soil layer of 40-60cm in a certain gradient, and the gradient is larger.

Examples of the experiments

Selecting an experimental point with the total salt content of more than 0.6 percent in soil, equally dividing the experimental point into 6 areas, wherein 5 areas are experimental areas and 1 area is a comparison area, and paving an upper-layer conduit pipe network and a lower-layer concealed pipe network in the 5 experimental areas respectively according to the method of the embodiment 1-5;

through water collection and salt removal within 1 year, the total salt content in each of 5 experimental areas can be reduced to be below 0.5%, and the total salt content in soil in a contrast area is not obviously changed;

through the improvement in 2 years, the total salt content in the soil of 5 experimental areas can be reduced to be below 0.3%, the total salt content in the soil of a contrast area is not obviously changed, and the salt discharge effect of an improvement area is obvious.

The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.