阅读说明：本技术 顽拗性橡胶种子袋装沙藏冷库储存方法 (Recalcitrant rubber seed bagged sand storage refrigeration house storage method ) 是由 陈俊明 蔡秀清 王秀全 吴志祥 黄坚雄 李娟� 桂青 袁淑娜 郑定华 潘剑 王纪 于 2021-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属农业生产技术领域,涉及一种顽拗性橡胶种子袋装沙藏冷库储存方法,将多菌灵溶液均匀喷洒到晾干的中细沙上,将橡胶种子与中细沙混合均匀装载至防水袋中,然后扎紧袋口并在防水袋四周扎数个小孔,将防水袋置于温度为12～13℃的冷库中储存。本发明工艺简单,通过袋装混沙冷藏种子的方法,可以降低种子新陈代谢,在避免种子返潮霉变的同时又可防止水分散失,解决了现有橡胶种子存储方法存储期短、质量差的问题,橡胶种子存储期可达5个月以上,存储的种子子叶饱满度好,具有储存期长、质量好等特点,能满足橡胶籽苗芽接苗的生产要求。(The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and relates to a method for storing recalcitrant rubber seed bagged sand-storage refrigeration houses, which comprises the steps of uniformly spraying a carbendazim solution on dried medium fine sand, uniformly mixing rubber seeds and the medium fine sand, loading the mixture into a waterproof bag, then tightening a bag opening, binding a plurality of small holes at the periphery of the waterproof bag, and storing the waterproof bag in a refrigeration house with the temperature of 12-13 ℃. The method has simple process, can reduce the metabolism of the seeds by a method for refrigerating the seeds by bagged sand mixing, can prevent the moisture loss while avoiding the seeds from getting damp and mildewing, solves the problems of short storage period and poor quality of the existing rubber seed storage method, has the characteristics of long storage period, good quality and the like, can ensure that the rubber seed storage period can reach more than 5 months, and can meet the production requirements of the rubber seedling bud-inoculated seedlings.)

1. A method for storing recalcitrant rubber seeds in a bagged sand storage refrigeration house is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) cleaning and airing the medium fine sand, preparing 800-1000 times of carbendazim solution, and uniformly spraying the solution on the aired medium fine sand, wherein the humidity of the medium fine sand is based on the fact that the medium fine sand can hold the sand to form a cluster;

2) taking a container, and placing seeds and medium fine sand in the container in a stacking mode of a layer of seeds and a layer of sand; taking a long-strip-shaped waterproof bag with the diameter of 10-15 cm, pouring seeds and medium fine sand in a container into the waterproof bag until the waterproof bag is filled, then tightening a bag opening and binding a plurality of small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag;

3) the temperature of the refrigeration house is adjusted to 12-13 ℃, the waterproof bags are vertically arranged for storage, and the rows are separated by partition wood. The storage period can reach more than 5 months, the seed cotyledon plumpness of the stored seeds is high, and the seeds are sowed in batches when the seedlings can be sprouted.

2. The recalcitrant rubber seed bagged sand storage refrigeration storage method of claim 1, characterized in that: the container is a tubular container, and the diameter of the container is slightly smaller than that of the waterproof bag.

3. The recalcitrant rubber seed bagged sand storage refrigeration storage method of claim 1, characterized in that: when the seeds and the medium and fine sand are placed in the container in a stacking mode, the thickness of the sand layer is 1-2 cm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, relates to a storage method of plant seeds, and particularly relates to a storage method of recalcitrant rubber seeds in a bagged sand storage refrigeration house.

Background

The Brazilian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is one of the most important woody economic crops and fast-growing high-quality timber tree species in tropical regions, and plays an irreplaceable important role in the aspects of natural rubber production, ecological construction and environmental protection in south east Asia and China. Because the economic production year of the Brazilian rubber trees is long, for example, the budding trees are generally 25-30 years, the quality control of the good-quality rubber tree seedling cultivation link is particularly critical in the production of natural rubber, the high-quality good-quality rubber seedlings have long influence on the yield per unit area, and the method is a guarantee for high and stable yield of natural rubber in China.

The rubber seedling cultivation generally adopts the steps of sowing and seedling cultivation by utilizing rubber seeds, and then grafting to obtain high-quality fine-breed rubber seedlings. The rubber seeds are planted at any time when the rubber seeds are grown conventionally, and bud grafting and pile grafting are carried out after the rubber seeds are grown into big seedlings, so that no requirement is imposed on seed storage.

A rubber seedling bud grafting seedling is a novel bud grafting planting material, seedlings (seedlings) of which seeds germinate for about one week are adopted for bud grafting (the seedlings grow and heal by nutrients carried by the seeds during bud grafting), and the method has the characteristics of short seedling culturing period, low labor intensity, low cost, large seedling culturing quantity per unit area, developed main roots of seedlings, quick growth in transplanted fields, early cutting and the like, and becomes one of the main modes for culturing the improved seedlings of rubber trees at present. But the bud grafting time of the fertile seedlings is short, the bud grafting time is only 1 month or more, the low-temperature stress has great influence on the bud grafting survival rate and the bud grafting seedling quality, the bud grafting and seedling raising cannot be carried out when the climate is cooled to below 20 ℃, and the storage of the rubber seeds can be basically carried out only after 3 months of the next year.

In 1973, Roberts classified seeds into normal and recalcitrant types based on their storage behavior. Meanwhile, Bonner divides plant seeds into "normal type seeds", "subnormal type seeds", "temperate recalcitrant type seeds", and "tropical recalcitrant type seeds" in combination with habitat and storage conditions. The rubber seeds belong to the tropical recalcitrant seeds and are characterized by having no dormancy stage, vigorous metabolism, high nutrient consumption to the seeds, fresh seeds with the water content of about 60 percent and the water content of less than about 13.2 percent, lost germination force, natural-condition storage life of one to several weeks, short seed storage period and difficult storage.

At present, several common storage methods for rubber seeds are adopted, wherein firstly, the rubber seeds are spread and dried in a ventilated, rainproof and shady and cool place and can be stored for about one week and used before sowing; one is a sand storage method, a pool storage method of overlapping one layer of seeds and one layer of wet sand can store the seeds for about one month, has the defects of easy germination and lost seedling value, and is commonly used as a seed storage method for batch seeding and bud grafting of seedling bud grafting seedling; one method is a plastic bag refrigeration method which can store for about 2 months and has the defect of easy moisture regain and mildew. Aiming at the mature period of the rubber seeds and the production requirement of the rubber seedling bud grafting seedlings, the existing rubber seed storage method is short in storage, the quality of the stored seeds is poor (the plumpness of the seeds is poor), and the production requirement cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a storage method of a recalcitrant rubber seed bagged sand storage refrigeration house aiming at the defects of the prior art, the mixture of seeds and wet sand is stored at low temperature in a bagged mode, metabolism can be reduced, moisture loss can be prevented while the seeds are prevented from getting damp and mildewed, the problems of short storage period and poor quality of the existing rubber seed storage method are solved, the storage method has the characteristics of long storage period, high cotyledon plumpness and the like, and the production requirements of rubber seed seedling bud grafting seedlings can be met.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for storing recalcitrant rubber seeds in a bagged sand storage refrigeration house comprises the following steps:

1. the method comprises the steps of cleaning and airing the medium fine sand, preparing 800-1000 times of carbendazim solution, and uniformly spraying the solution on the aired medium fine sand, wherein the humidity of the medium fine sand is based on the fact that the medium fine sand can be held to form a cluster. The medium and fine sand has good water retention, is beneficial to absorbing water vapor generated during rubber seed metabolism and has the function of replenishing the seeds when the seeds lose water, but the sand cannot be over-wet, otherwise, the mobility is poor, and the sand cannot be well mixed with the seeds.

2. Taking a container, and placing seeds and medium fine sand in the container in a stacking mode of a layer of seeds and a layer of sand; taking a long-strip-shaped waterproof bag with the diameter of 10-15 cm, pouring seeds and medium fine sand in the container into the waterproof bag until the waterproof bag is filled, then tightening a bag opening and binding a plurality of small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag. In the process of pouring seeds and medium-fine sand into the waterproof bag, the seeds and the medium-fine sand can be mixed together, the seeds and the medium-fine sand are placed in a stacking mode to be beneficial to uniformly mixing the seeds and the medium-fine sand, gaps among the seeds are filled with the medium-fine sand, the seeds are prevented from contacting with air, metabolism is reduced, the waterproof bag can prevent moisture in the waterproof bag from losing, and the generated heat of the seed metabolism can be dissipated and cooled by utilizing the small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag to keep the temperature in the bag balanced.

The container is a tubular container, the diameter of the container is slightly smaller than that of the waterproof bag, seeds and medium fine sand can be conveniently placed, and bagging is also convenient.

When the seeds and the medium and fine sand are placed in the container in a stacking mode, the thickness of the sand layer is 1-2 cm. The amount of medium and fine sand cannot be too much or too little, and the volume ratio of the medium and fine sand to the seeds is about 1:1 generally.

3. The temperature of the refrigeration house is adjusted to 12-13 ℃, the waterproof bags are vertically arranged for storage, and the rows are separated by partition wood. The storage period can reach more than 5 months, the seed cotyledon plumpness of the stored seeds is high, and the seeds are sowed in batches when the seedlings can be sprouted.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the method has simple process, can reduce the metabolism of the seeds by a method for refrigerating the seeds by bagged sand mixing, can prevent the moisture loss while avoiding the seeds from getting damp and mildewing, solves the problems of short storage period and poor quality of the existing rubber seed storage method, has the characteristics of long storage period, good quality and the like, can ensure that the rubber seed storage period can reach more than 5 months, and can meet the production requirements of the rubber seedling bud-inoculated seedlings.

2. The mode that fine sand and seed mix and load in adopting, fine sand can fill up the gap between the seed in the utilization, reduces the probability of seed contact air, reduces seed metabolism, and the produced steam when utilizing fine sand to absorb rubber seed metabolism simultaneously plays the benefit back seed effect when the seed loses water, avoids the seed to easily appear the phenomenon of getting damp and mildening and rot in the no sand environment, can prevent again simultaneously that moisture from scattering and disappearing.

3. The mixture of seeds and wet sand is loaded by the strip-shaped waterproof bag with the diameter of 10-15 cm, so that fine sand and seeds can be prevented from losing moisture in a low-temperature environment of a refrigeration house, heat generated during seed metabolism can be dissipated, and seed germination (loss of seedling growing value) caused by local high temperature (the middle part of the waterproof bag) is avoided.

4. Because the rubber seeds belong to tropical recalcitrant seeds, the dormancy period is avoided, the metabolism is vigorous, the nutrient consumption of the seeds is high, the frosting is easy to occur in the rubber seeds when the storage temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the cambium of seedlings grows poorly after the seeds refrigerated at about 10 ℃ are sowed and germinate, the budding is not facilitated, the seeds stored at the temperature higher than 14 ℃ are easy to germinate, and the seedling raising value of the seeds is lost. The storage temperature of the refrigeration house is adjusted to 12-13 ℃, the metabolism speed of rubber seeds can be reduced, the germination can be prevented, the endosperm fullness of the seeds is good, the sowing germination growth of the seeds is good, the cambium growth is normal, the bud grafting survival rate of the seedling is effectively improved, and the recovery growth after planting is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a comparison of cotyledon effect of rubber seeds after 5 months of storage at different temperatures. A. The storage temperature is 5 ℃; B. the storage temperature is 10 ℃; C. the storage temperature is 12-13 ℃; D. the storage temperature is above 14 ℃.

FIG. 2 shows the effect of budding of rubber seeds after germination for about one week after storage at different temperatures. A. The storage temperature is 12-13 ℃; B. the storage temperature was 10 ℃.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally carried out under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturers.

Rubber seed storage

Example one

1. Uniformly spraying the prepared 800-time carbendazim solution on the washed and dried medium and fine sand, wherein the humidity is based on the fact that the sand can be held to form a cluster.

2. Preparing a container from a PVC pipe with the diameter of 10cm, and placing seeds and medium-fine sand in the container in a mode of laminating a layer of seeds and a layer of sand, wherein the thickness of the sand layer is about 1.5 cm; pouring the seeds and the medium fine sand in the container into a waterproof bag with the diameter of 15cm until the waterproof bag is filled, then tightening the opening of the bag and binding a plurality of small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag.

3. The waterproof bags are vertically arranged in a refrigeration house with the storage temperature of 12 ℃ for storage, and the rows are separated by partition wood.

Example two

1. The prepared 1000 times carbendazim solution is uniformly sprayed on the washed and dried medium and fine sand, and the humidity is based on the fact that the sand can be held to form a cluster.

2. Preparing a container from a PVC pipe with the diameter of 12cm, and placing seeds and medium fine sand in the container in a mode of laminating a layer of seeds and a layer of sand, wherein the thickness of the sand layer is about 1 cm; pouring the seeds and the medium fine sand in the container into a waterproof bag with the diameter of 15cm until the waterproof bag is filled, then tightening the opening of the bag and binding a plurality of small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag.

3. The waterproof bags are vertically arranged in a refrigeration house with the storage temperature of 13 ℃ for storage, and the rows are separated by partition wood.

EXAMPLE III

1. The prepared 1000 times carbendazim solution is uniformly sprayed on the washed and dried medium and fine sand, and the humidity is based on the fact that the sand can be held to form a cluster.

2. Preparing a container by using a PVC pipe with the diameter of 10cm, and placing seeds and medium fine sand in the container in a mode of laminating a layer of seeds and a layer of sand, wherein the thickness of the sand layer is about 2 cm; pouring the seeds and the medium fine sand in the container into a waterproof bag with the diameter of 15cm until the waterproof bag is filled, then tightening the opening of the bag and binding a plurality of small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag.

3. The waterproof bags are vertically arranged in a refrigeration house with the storage temperature of 12 ℃ for storage, and the rows are separated by partition wood.

Example four

1. Uniformly spraying the prepared 800-time carbendazim solution on the washed and dried medium and fine sand, wherein the humidity is based on the fact that the sand can be held to form a cluster.

2. Preparing a container from a PVC pipe with the diameter of 10cm, and placing seeds and medium-fine sand in the container in a mode of laminating a layer of seeds and a layer of sand, wherein the thickness of the sand layer is about 1.5 cm; pouring the seeds and the medium fine sand in the container into a waterproof bag with the diameter of 15cm until the waterproof bag is filled, then tightening the opening of the bag and binding a plurality of small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag.

3. The waterproof bags are vertically arranged in a refrigeration house with the storage temperature of 5 ℃ for storage, and the rows are separated by partition wood.

EXAMPLE five

1. Uniformly spraying the prepared 800-time carbendazim solution on the washed and dried medium and fine sand, wherein the humidity is based on the fact that the sand can be held to form a cluster.

2. Preparing a container from a PVC pipe with the diameter of 10cm, and placing seeds and medium-fine sand in the container in a mode of laminating a layer of seeds and a layer of sand, wherein the thickness of the sand layer is about 1.5 cm; pouring the seeds and the medium fine sand in the container into a waterproof bag with the diameter of 15cm until the waterproof bag is filled, then tightening the opening of the bag and binding a plurality of small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag.

3. The waterproof bags are vertically arranged in a refrigeration house with the storage temperature of 10 ℃ for storage, and the rows are separated by partition wood.

EXAMPLE six

1. Uniformly spraying the prepared 800-time carbendazim solution on the washed and dried medium and fine sand, wherein the humidity is based on the fact that the sand can be held to form a cluster.

2. Preparing a container by using a PVC pipe with the diameter of 10cm, and placing seeds and medium fine sand in the container in a mode of laminating a layer of seeds and a layer of sand, wherein the thickness of the sand layer is about 2 cm; pouring the seeds and the medium fine sand in the container into a waterproof bag with the diameter of 15cm until the waterproof bag is filled, then tightening the opening of the bag and binding a plurality of small holes on the periphery of the waterproof bag.

3. The waterproof bags are vertically arranged in a refrigeration house with the storage temperature of 15 ℃ for storage, and the rows are separated by partition wood.

Second, identifying the storage effect of rubber seeds

Year 2019, month 11, test site: delirium city in Hainan province. Selecting the mature and plump rubber seeds in the current year for storage, wherein the storage mode is as follows: 1. the test examples are the storage methods described in the present invention (examples one, two, three); 2. the operation mode is the same as that of the invention, but the storage temperature of the refrigerator is 5 ℃, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ (example four, five and six), which are respectively used as a first comparative example, a second comparative example and a third comparative example; 3. the conventional sand storage method is used as a fourth comparative example (normal temperature storage), and the conventional plastic bag refrigeration method is used as a fifth comparative example (the refrigeration temperature is 12 ℃). Observing the rubber seeds in 2020 and 4 months, and carrying out bud grafting on the seedlings.

And (3) comparison parameters: selecting partial seeds from the same batch of rubber seeds, sowing and raising seedlings in 12 months in 2019, wherein the germination rate of the seeds is 45%. The reason for the low rate of emergence is that 12 months are already in low-temperature weather, which affects seed germination and ultimately the survival rate of bud grafting.

1. Quality identification of the rubber seeds after storage:

in order to examine the storage condition of the seeds, the shells, the germination conditions and the endosperm plump degrees of the rubber seeds stored for five months in the test example and the control example are observed and counted.

Test examples (examples one, two, three): the seed has intact husk with integrity rate of more than 90%, plump endosperm (figure 1C), and good storage effect.

Comparative example one (example four): the seed shells are intact, the integrity rate reaches more than 90%, the endosperm is full but frost is generated (figure 1A), and the seedling raising value is poor. The storage effect is poor.

Comparative example two (example five): the seed has intact husk with intact rate up to 90%, plump endosperm (figure 1B), and good storage effect.

Comparative example three (example six): the seeds germinate, the germination rate reaches more than 50 percent, (figure 1D), and the seedling value is lost. The storage effect is poor.

Control example four (conventional sand storage method): the seeds germinate, the germination rate reaches more than 60 percent, and the seedling value is lost. The storage effect is poor.

Control example five (conventional plastic pouch refrigeration method): the seeds are turned damp and mildewed, the mildew rate reaches more than 90 percent, and the seedling value is lost. The storage effect is poor.

2. Identifying the seedling raising effect of the stored rubber seeds:

in order to further verify the storage effect of the rubber seeds, the rubber seeds stored in the test examples (example one, two and three), the control example one (example four), the control example two (example five), the control example three (example six), the control example four (conventional sand storage method) and the control example five (conventional plastic bag refrigeration method) are removed of germinated seeds, non-germinated seeds are selected to be sown and cultured in a conventional manner, the seedling culturing conditions of the seeds are observed, the number of the germinated seeds of the seeds is counted, the seedling emergence rate is calculated, and the result is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 seed germination

Item	Seed number (grain)	Number of sprouts (plant) of seeds	Rate of emergence (%)
				Example one	300	197	65.7
Example two	300	179	59.7
				EXAMPLE III	300	214	71.3
Comparison example 1	300	69	23.0
				Comparative example two	300	144	48.0
Comparative example three	300	43	14.3
				Comparative example four	300	6	2
Comparative example five	300	4	1.3

The seed germination and emergence results show that compared with the emergence rate of about 2% of seeds stored by a conventional sand storage method and a conventional plastic bag refrigeration method, the emergence rate of the seeds stored at low temperature in a bag mode by adopting the mixture of the seeds and the wet sand is higher after the seeds are stored for a long time (5 months), but the emergence rate is relatively poorer when the storage temperature is controlled at 5 ℃ (the first comparative example) and 15 ℃ (the third comparative example). By adopting the method, the seedling emergence rate is as high as 60-70% when the storage temperature is controlled to be 12-13 ℃, and the method has the industrial value of seed batch storage.

3. And (3) identifying the budding condition of the rubber seedlings (seedlings):

in order to examine the effect of budding of rubber seedlings (about one week of germination), the seedlings from which the seeds were germinated in the above-described test examples (examples one, two, and three) and the control example two (example five) were budded (in the manner of budding of rubber-seedling budded seedlings). Observing the cambium condition of the splicing and bud interface of the bud grafting seedling: the cambium of the test example was in a moist and light green state (fig. 2A), and the healing was good, showing a normal bud grafting effect, while the cambium of the control example two was whitish in color (fig. 2B), and the bud grafting was hard to heal, showing an abnormal bud grafting effect. And counting the number of the budded plants and the number of the budded survival plants, and calculating the budding survival rate. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 seedling budding

Item	Bud grafting number (plant)	Number of survival buds grafted	Bud survival rate (%)
				Example one	120	102	85.0
Example two	120	93	77.5
				EXAMPLE III	120	97	80.8
Comparative example two	120	26	21.7

The bud grafting result shows that although the second control example adopts the mixture of the seeds and the wet sand to store at low temperature in a bag, the shells of the seeds are intact, and the endosperm is full, the storage temperature is 10 ℃, the temperature is too low, the growth of a cambium in the seed germination growth process is influenced, and the survival rate of the bud grafting of the rubber seedlings (seedlings) is finally reduced. The mixture of the seeds and the wet sand is stored at the temperature of 12-13 ℃ in a bag mode, the shells of the seeds are intact, the endosperm is full, the seedling emergence rate of the seedlings after the seeds are stored is high, the survival rate of rubber seedling (seedling) bud grafting is high, and the application value of the method for producing the rubber seedling bud grafting is high.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.