阅读说明：本技术 一种基于梯度泡沫铝填充膨胀薄壁管的夹芯防护结构 (Sandwich protective structure based on gradient foamed aluminum filling expansion thin-walled tube ) 是由 梁民族 李翔宇 林玉亮 张克钒 卢芳云 于 2019-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于梯度泡沫铝填充膨胀薄壁管的夹芯防护结构,目的是解决现有防护结构泡沫夹芯结构可设计性差,泡沫铝填充薄壁管易发生欧拉屈曲和存在明显的初始峰值应力等问题。本发明由N个缓冲吸能单元,上面板,下面板组成；上面板和下面板相互平行,N个缓冲吸能单元夹在上面板和下面板之间,N个缓冲吸能单元1的中轴线OO’均垂直于上面板和下面板；缓冲吸能单元由驱动薄壁管、膨胀薄壁管和梯度缓冲芯体组成；梯度缓冲芯体填充于驱动薄壁管的内腔,驱动薄壁管的小直径圆筒插入膨胀薄壁管；梯度缓冲芯体由低密度泡沫层、中密度泡沫层和高密度泡沫层组成。本发明结构简单、成本低、可设计性强、无明显初始峰值应力、抗冲击性能优异。(The invention discloses a sandwich protective structure based on a gradient foamed aluminum filled expansion thin-walled tube, and aims to solve the problems that the foam sandwich structure of the conventional protective structure is poor in designability, the foamed aluminum filled thin-walled tube is easy to produce Euler buckling, obvious initial peak stress exists and the like. The energy-absorbing energy-saving; the upper panel and the lower panel are parallel to each other, the N buffering energy absorption units are clamped between the upper panel and the lower panel, and the central axes OO' of the N buffering energy absorption units 1 are vertical to the upper panel and the lower panel; the buffering energy absorption unit consists of a driving thin-wall pipe, an expansion thin-wall pipe and a gradient buffering core body; the gradient buffer core body is filled in the inner cavity of the driving thin-walled tube, and the small-diameter cylinder of the driving thin-walled tube is inserted into the expansion thin-walled tube; the gradient buffer core body is composed of a low-density foam layer, a medium-density foam layer and a high-density foam layer. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong designability, no obvious initial peak stress and excellent shock resistance.)

1. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium, it is characterised in that be based on gradient foam aluminium The sandwich protective structure of filling expansion thin-wall tube is by N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit (1), top panel (2), lower panel (3) composition；Along There is n buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) in the direction x of cartesian coordinate system, and n is positive integer, has m along the direction y of cartesian coordinate system A buffering energy-absorbing unit (1), m are positive integer, and N=mn；Top panel (2) and lower panel (3) are parallel to each other, spacing L₀, N A buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) is clipped between top panel (2) and lower panel (3), and the central axes OO ' of N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) is equal Perpendicular to top panel (2) and lower panel (3)；N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) upper surface is concordant, is stamped top panel (2), junction Bonding；N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) lower end surface is concordant, is sealed by lower panel 2, junction bonding；N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) Side is bonded to each other, junction bonding；

Buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) is cylinder, by driving thin-wall tube (11), expansion thin-wall tube (12) and gradient buffer core (13) Composition；11 upper surface of dynamic thin-wall tube of buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) is stamped top panel (2), and buffering energy-absorbing unit (1) expands thin-wall tube (12) lower end surface is sealed by lower panel 2；It drives thin-wall tube (11) and expansion thin-wall tube (12) is cylindrical shape, gradient buffer core It (13) is cylinder；The central axes of driving thin-wall tube (11), expansion thin-wall tube (12) and gradient buffer core (13) coincide with Central axes OO '；Gradient buffer core (13) is filled in the inner cavity of driving thin-wall tube (11), drives the small-diameter circular of thin-wall tube (11) Cylinder (113) insertion expansion thin-wall tube (12), contact position are connected using bonding way；

Driving thin-wall tube (11) is the cylinder containing hollow round table, and thin-wall tube (11) is driven to be divided into large diameter cylinder along central axes OO ' (111), hollow round table (112) and small diameter cylinder (113), total length L₁；Large diameter cylinder (111) overall diameter is D₁, interior straight Diameter is D₂, length l₁, wall thickness δ₁=(D₁-D₂)/2；Small diameter cylinder (113) overall diameter is D₃, interior diameter D₄, length is l₃；Hollow round table (112) is between large diameter cylinder (111) and small diameter cylinder (113), hollow round table (112) bottom with Large diameter cylinder (111) is connected, and bottom overall diameter is equal to D₁, bottom interior diameter is equal to D₂, at the top of hollow round table (112) with it is small straight Diameter cylinder (113) is connected, and top overall diameter is equal to D₃, top inside diameter is equal to D₄；Hollow round table (112) length is l₂, open circles The bus of platform (112) and the angle of central axes OO ' are θ；

Expanding thin-wall tube (12) is cylindrical shape, and expansion thin-wall tube (12) interior diameter is equal to D₃, overall diameter D₅, wall thickness δ₂=(D₅- D₃)/2；

Gradient buffer core (13) is containing the cylindric of rotary table, and total length is equal to L₁, steeped by low density foam layer (131), middle density Foam layer (132) and high-density foam layer (133) composition；Low density foam layer (131), middle density foam layer (132) and high density Froth bed (133) coaxially assembles, and middle density foam layer (132) is located at low density foam layer (131) and high-density foam layer (133) Between, end face is bonded using glue；Low density foam layer (131) is cylindrical body, and overall diameter is equal to D₂, length l₄；Middle density bubble Foam layer (132) is cylinder, and diameter is equal to D₂, length l₅；High-density foam layer (133) be divided into truncated cone-shaped part (1331) and Cylindrical part (1332), truncated cone-shaped part (1331) are between middle density foam layer (132) and cylindrical part (1332)；Circle Cylindrical section (1332) diameter is equal to D₄, length is equal to l₃；Truncated cone-shaped part (1331) is connected with middle density foam layer (132) Basal diameter is equal to D₂, the top surface diameter that truncated cone-shaped part (1331) are connect with column part (1332) is equal to D₄, truncated cone-shaped part Length is equal to l₂, the angle of bus and central axes is equal to θ；Low density foam layer (131), middle density foam layer (132) and highly dense The material for spending froth bed (133) is foamed aluminium, meets ρ₁₃₁<ρ₁₃₂<ρ₁₃₃；ρ₁₃₁For low density foam layer (131) density of material, ρ₁₃₂For middle density foam layer (132) density of material, ρ₁₃₃For high-density foam layer (133) density；

Top panel (2) is rectangle thin plate, and length h meets h=nD₁, width i meets i=mD₁, with a thickness of j₁；

Lower panel (3) is rectangle thin plate, and length is equal to h, and width is equal to i, with a thickness of j₂。

2. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature It is that the n meets n >=2, m also meets m >=2.

3. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature The spacing for being the top panel (2) and lower panel (3) is L₀It is determined according to protection requirements, meets 2cm < L₀<50cm。

4. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature It is driving thin-wall tube (11) total length L₁Meet 0.4L₀<L₁<0.7L₀；Large diameter cylinder (111) overall diameter D₁Meet 0.5cm<D₁< 20cm, interior diameter D₂Meet 0.85D₁<D₂<0.95D₁, length l₁Meet 0.6L₁<l₁<0.9L₁；Small diameter cylinder (113) overall diameter D₃Meet 0.5D₂<D₃<0.9D₂, interior diameter D₄Meet 0.85D₃<D₄<0.95D₃, length l₃Meet 0.05L₁<l₃< 0.25L₁, wall thickness is equal to δ₁；Hollow round table (112) length l₂=L₁-l₁-l₃, the bus and central axes OO ' of hollow round table (112) Angle theta=arctan [(D₂-D₄)/2l₂], wall thickness is equal to δ₁cosθ。

5. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature It is the overall diameter D of expansion thin-wall tube (12)₅Meet 1.05D₃<D₅<1.3D₃, length is equal to L₁。

6. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature It is that driving thin-wall tube (11) material is metal, yield strength σ₁₁Meet σ₁₁> 300MPa, density p₁₁Meet 7g/cm³<ρ₁₁ <9g/cm³；Expansion thin-wall tube (12) material is metal, yield strength σ₁₂, meet 100MPa < σ₁₂<σ₁₁, density p₁₂Meet 1g/ cm³<ρ₁₂<9g/cm³, and ρ₁₂<ρ₁₁。

7. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature It is the length l of the low density foam layer (131) of the gradient buffer core (13)₄Meet 0.3L₁<l₄<0.7L₁；Middle density bubble The length l of foam layer (132)₅=l₁-l₄。

8. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature It is low density foam layer (131) density p₁₃₁Meet ρ₁₃₁<0.4g/cm³；The density p of middle density foam layer (132)₁₃₂It is full Sufficient ρ₁₃₁<ρ₁₃₂<0.8g/cm³；The density p of high-density foam layer (133)₁₃₃Meet ρ₁₃₂<ρ₁₃₃<1.2g/cm³。

9. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature It is the thickness j of the top panel (2)₁Meet 1cm < j₁< 20cm, the thickness j of the lower panel (3)₂, meet j₂≤j₁。

10. a kind of sandwich protective structure for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium stated as claimed in claim 1, feature It is that the top panel (2) material is metal, yield strength σ₂, meet σ₂> 100MPa, density p₂Meet 1g/cm³<ρ₂<9g/ cm³；Lower panel (3) material is metal, yield strength σ₃, meet σ₃> 100MPa, density p₃Meet 1g/cm³<ρ₃<9g/ cm³。

Technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of blast impulse safeguard structures, and in particular to a kind of core is thin for the filling expansion of gradient foam aluminium The sandwich protective structure of wall pipe.

Background technique

Whole chemical energy is converted explosion energy by moment to explosive charge in a very short period of time, the production that explosion is generated Object switchs to high temperature, high pressure conditions, high temperature, high pressure conditions detonation product can squeeze the gas of surrounding rapidly, it is huge to form pressure Shock wave.Positive pressure of shock wave around quick-fried source can achieve tens of GPa, cause to seriously threaten to personnel safety.Military armor Vehicle often meets with the explosive of various weapons and attacks, and in order to reduce the injury to occupant, military armor vehicle is used Some new constructions or new technology improve the explosion-proof of military vehicle.

It is general by increasing military armor vehicle safeguard structure rigidity and overcoat thickness in traditional engineering design field, it mentions HI high impact energy absorption, to improve the shock resistance of military armor vehicle safeguard structure.Although this mode can reach to army With the requirement of shelter of vehicle and internal staff, but finally the self weight of military vehicle safeguard structure and project cost are greatly improved. The research of new lightweight material and structure can not only improve military vehicle safeguard structure energy absorption performance, reach shock resistance design object, And can reduce safeguard structure self weight, reduce engineering cost, there are very important engineer application and scientific research value.

There are many currently used lightweight protective structure type, mainly filling thin-walled including foam aluminium sandwich structure, foamed aluminium Pipe structure, expansion tube type structure etc..

The composite construction that foam aluminium sandwich structure is made of double layer of metal panel and intermediate foamed aluminum-core body, is mainly used for Explosion or shock loading protection.The intensity of foamed aluminium is generally relatively low, using foamed aluminium as sandwich structure when actual use Core, not only given full play to the buffering energy-absorbing advantage of foamed aluminium material, but also play the bearing capacity of metal decking.2015 Nian Jinglin Deng publish thesis in " mechanics and practice " magazine the 1st phase of volume 37 " research of porous metals and its sandwich structure mechanical property into Exhibition ", research finds that foam aluminium sandwich structure shows the features such as lightweight, intensity are high, rigidity is high, buffering energy-absorbing effect is good, is tying Structure shock resistance and explosion protection etc. have broad application prospects.Although foamed aluminium material has certain energy-absorbing as core Buffering effect, but designability is poor, it can be considered to improve the Density Distribution of its core, further increases foam metal folder The practicability of cored structure.

The filling thin-walled pipe of foamed aluminium is it is possible to prevente effectively from the Fragmentation Phenomena that foamed aluminium is likely to occur in deformation process, simultaneously Buffering energy-absorbing is realized using axial bending deformation and the foamed aluminium conquassation of thin-wall tube, reaches good shock proof effect.2017 Master thesis that year Harbin Institute of Technology fourth jade-like stone is delivered " under percussion aluminum-base composite foam filling pipe dynamic mechanical and Energy absorption performance research ", research finds the filling thin-walled pipe of foamed aluminium under Axial Shock Load, bears averagely to compress load change very It is small, it is able to maintain under conditions of steady load and bending deformation occurs and collapse.Foamed aluminium fills thin-wall metal pipe in axial compression During, transient impact load can generate an initial spike stress, and primary stress peak value is unfavorable for buffer protection.In addition when The ratio of thin-wall tube structure length and diameter is excessive or when by non axial load, Yi Fasheng Euler's buckling, and serious reduce is inhaled Energy efficiency also results in overall collapse failure.

Expansion tube type structure is made of a conical pipe and a tube expansion, if the pressure that acts on conical pipe and can bear is more than The threshold value (related with structure and size, the material of tube expansion etc.) of setting, since the outer diameter of conical pipe sizing section is greater than in tube expansion Diameter, conical pipe are gradually inserted inside tube expansion under the action of load, and expanding deformation occurs in tube expansion, and shock loading is converted into tube expansion Friction energy between the elastic-plastic deformation energy and tube expansion and conical pipe wall surface of material, is finally reached shock proof purpose.2018 Deliver master thesis " analysis of expansion tube type energy absorber energy absorption characteristics and application study " year Harbin Institute of Technology Zhang Xiaolong, Research finds that expansion tube type structure is a kind of reliable buffering energy-absorbing structure, has energy-absorbing stroke length, stablizes stable cushion effect The advantages that, while the directionality of impact loading and the speed of shock loading are insensitive.Expansion tube type structure is simple, manufactures It is at low cost, but its absorbing energy capacity is smaller, is unfavorable for the lightweight and miniaturization of safeguard structure, is not suitable for small size protection Structure.

Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan Li Shiqiang in 2015 delivers Ph.D. Dissertation, and " laminated gradient porous metals sandwich structure rushes Hit mechanical behavior ", research finds have in terms of surge guard when foamed aluminium is impacted there is a phenomenon where successively conquassation deformation Very deep development potentiality, gradient foam aluminum material have done Optimized Matching on the basis of foamed aluminium material, and the protection that is more suitable is tied The design of structure buffering energy-absorbing.Gradient foam aluminum material refers to the Density Distribution through-thickness of foamed aluminium material from one end to the other end In gradually increasing or reduced trend, to make the mechanical characteristic of foamed aluminium material also along thickness direction in gradually increasing or drop Low trend.Gradient foam aluminum material can be applied in different antiknocks, shock resistance scene to meet specific buffering energy-absorbing demand. Gradient foam aluminum material is different since material is distributed, and designability is strong, can be designed according to specific buffering energy-absorbing demand.

The buffering energy-absorbing performance of military armor vehicle safeguard structure how is further increased, initial spike stress is eliminated, is increased The stability of military armor vehicle safeguard structure shock resistance process is the technical issues of those skilled in the art extremely pay close attention to.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of sandwich for filling expansion thin-wall tube based on gradient foam aluminium is anti- Protection structure, it is more existing when solving the problems, such as existing safeguard structure using lightweight buffering energy-absorbing material or structure, such as foam folder Cored structure designability is poor, and Euler's buckling easily occurs for the filling thin-walled pipe of foamed aluminium and there are apparent initial spike stress, expansions Tubular structure absorbing energy capacity is smaller.The present invention is simple, at low cost with structure, designability is strong, answers without obvious initial spike The features such as power, excellent shock resistance, the military armor vehicle for can suffer from explosion or high speed impact protects field, for impact Protection provides a kind of new selection.

The present invention using sandwich structure by shock wave energy be converted into metal decking (top panel and lower panel) plastic deformation, The radial plastic deformation of thin-wall metal pipe (driving thin-wall tube and expansion thin-wall tube), the bending deformation and gradient for driving thin-wall tube The conquassation deformation for buffering core, has played the performance advantage of each composition material and structure, has maximized favourable factors and minimized unfavourable ones, had safeguard structure integrally The characteristics of for structural and functional properties combined, it is able to achieve excellent buffering energy-absorbing to explosion wave or shock loading, reaches very Good protection effect.

The present invention is by N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit, top panel, lower panel composition.There is n along the direction x of cartesian coordinate system A buffering energy-absorbing unit, n are positive integer and n >=2, have m buffering energy-absorbing unit along the direction y of cartesian coordinate system, m is positive Integer and m >=2, and N=mn.

Top panel and lower panel are parallel to each other, spacing L₀, determined according to protection requirements, meet 2cm < L₀< 50cm is N number of slow It rushes energy-absorbing unit to be clipped between top panel and lower panel, the central axes OO ' of N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit is each perpendicular to top panel under Panel.N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit upper surface is concordant, is stamped top panel, junction bonding；N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit lower end surface is flat Together, it is sealed by lower panel, junction bonding；N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit side is bonded to each other, junction bonding.

Buffering energy-absorbing unit is cylinder, is made of driving thin-wall tube, expansion thin-wall tube and gradient buffer core.Buffering is inhaled Top panel is stamped in the dynamic thin-wall tube upper surface of energy unit, and the expansion thin-wall tube lower end surface of buffering energy-absorbing unit is sealed by lower panel. It drives thin-wall tube and expansion thin-wall tube is cylindrical shape, gradient buffer core is cylinder.Drive thin-wall tube, expansion thin-wall tube and ladder The central axes of degree buffering core coincide with central axes OO '.Gradient buffer core is filled in the inner cavity of driving thin-wall tube.It drives thin The small diameter cylinder insertion expansion thin-wall tube of wall pipe, contact position is connected using bonding way.

Driving thin-wall tube is the cylinder containing hollow round table.Driving thin-wall tube is divided into large diameter cylinder, hollow along central axes OO ' Rotary table and small diameter cylinder, total length L₁, meet 0.4L₀<L₁<0.7L₀.Large diameter cylinder overall diameter is D₁, meet 0.5cm < D₁< 20cm, interior diameter D₂, meet 0.85D₁<D₂<0.95D₁, length l₁, meet 0.6L₁<l₁<0.9L₁, wall thickness δ₁=(D₁- D₂)/2.Small diameter cylinder overall diameter is D₃, meet 0.5D₂<D₃<0.9D₂, interior diameter D₄, meet 0.85D₃<D₄<0.95D₃, long Degree is l₃, meet 0.05L₁<l₃<0.25L₁, wall thickness is equal to δ₁.Hollow round table is between large diameter cylinder and small diameter cylinder, Hollow round table bottom is connected with large diameter cylinder, and bottom overall diameter is equal to D₁, bottom interior diameter is equal to D₂, at the top of hollow round table with Small diameter cylinder is connected, and top overall diameter is equal to D₃, top inside diameter is equal to D₄.Hollow round table length l₂(the section of hollow round table It is one trapezoidal, length l₂For trapezoidal height) l₂=L₁-l₁-l₃, the angle theta of the bus of hollow round table and central axes OO '= arctan[(D₂-D₄)/2l₂], wall thickness is equal to δ₁cosθ.Driving thin-wall tube material is metal, yield strength σ₁₁Meet σ₁₁> 300MPa, density p₁₁Meet 7g/cm³<ρ₁₁<9g/cm³。

Expanding thin-wall tube is cylindrical shape, and expansion thin-wall tube interior diameter is equal to D₃, overall diameter D₅, meet 1.05D₃<D₅< 1.3D₃, wall thickness δ₂=(D₅-D₃)/2, length are equal to L₁.Expansion thin-wall tube material is metal, yield strength σ₁₂, meet 100MPa<σ₁₂<σ₁₁, density p₁₂Meet 1g/cm³<ρ₁₂<9g/cm³, and ρ₁₂<ρ₁₁。

Gradient buffer core is containing the cylindric of rotary table, and total length is equal to L₁, by low density foam layer, middle density foam layer It is formed with high-density foam layer.Low density foam layer, middle density foam layer and high-density foam layer coaxial (central axes OO ') dress Match, between low density foam layer and high-density foam layer, end face is bonded middle density foam layer using glue.Low density foam Layer is cylindrical body, and overall diameter is equal to D₂, length l₄, meet 0.3L₁<l₄<0.7L₁.Low density foam layer material is foamed aluminium, close Degree is ρ₁₃₁, meet ρ₁₃₁<0.4g/cm³.Middle density foam layer is cylinder, and diameter is equal to D₂, length l₅=l₁-l₄.Middle density bubble Foam layer material is foamed aluminium, density ρ₁₃₂, meet ρ₁₃₁<ρ₁₃₂<0.8g/cm³.High-density foam layer be divided into truncated cone-shaped part and Cylindrical part, truncated cone-shaped part is between middle density foam layer and cylindrical part.Cylindrical section diameter is equal to D₄, length Equal to l₃.The basal diameter that truncated cone-shaped part is connected with middle density foam layer is equal to D₂, truncated cone-shaped part is connect with cylindrical part Top surface diameter be equal to D₄, truncated cone-shaped partial-length is equal to l₂(section of truncated cone-shaped part is one trapezoidal, truncated cone-shaped part Length is trapezoidal height), the angle of bus and central axes is equal to θ.High-density foam layer material is foamed aluminium, density ρ₁₃₃, full Sufficient ρ₁₃₂<ρ₁₃₃<1.2g/cm³.Low density foam layer, middle density foam layer and high-density foam layer use the foam of different densities Aluminium constitutes gradient foam aluminium and buffers core, abbreviation gradient buffer core.

Top panel is rectangle thin plate, and length h meets h=nD₁, width i meets i=mD₁, with a thickness of j₁, meet 1cm<j₁<20cm.Plate material is metal, yield strength σ above₂, meet σ₂> 100MPa, density p₂, meet 1g/cm³<ρ₂<9g/ cm³。

Lower panel is rectangle thin plate, and length is equal to h, and width is equal to i, with a thickness of j₂, meet j₂≤j₁.Plate material below For metal, yield strength σ₃, meet σ₃> 100MPa, density p₃, meet 1g/cm³<ρ₃<9g/cm³。

The present invention use when top panel towards explosion wave direction, the energy transmission of explosion wave to top panel, and It is converted into the kinetic energy of top panel, deform after the Shock Loading of top panel part and compresses several buffering energy-absorbing unit (positions Set the position depending on blast impulse).After driving thin-wall tube to be compressed by top panel, driving thin-wall tube is gradually inserted expansion thin-walled Pipe.Drive the kinetic energy of the triboabsorption top panel between the outer surface of thin-wall tube and expansion thin-walled pipe internal surface.In insertion process The diameter of driving thin-wall tube becomes smaller, and the diameter for expanding thin-wall tube becomes larger, and radial plasticity occurs for driving thin-wall tube and expansion thin-wall tube Deform and absorb the kinetic energy of top panel.Since driving thin-wall tube and the length for expanding thin-wall tube are L₁, driving thin-wall tube can It is fully inserted into expansion thin-wall tube.After driving thin-wall tube to be fully inserted into expansion thin-wall tube, expansion thin-walled pipe sleeve is in driving thin-wall tube Outside, the outer surface of expansion thin-walled pipe internal surface and driving thin-wall tube fits closely, and gradient buffer core is located in expansion thin-wall tube. If there are also remaining kinetic energies for top panel, it will continue to compress buffering energy-absorbing unit, driving thin-wall tube and expansion thin-wall tube start to send out Raw bending deformation, absorbs the kinetic energy of top panel.Conquassation deformation takes place in internal low density foam layer simultaneously, works as low density foam After layer completely densified, conquassation deformation, in the middle after density foam layer completely densified, high-density foam takes place in middle density foam layer Layer starts conquassation deformation.Buffering energy-absorbing unit plastic deformation absorbs the kinetic energy of top panel.

The present invention has played sandwich structure and has absorbed impact the performance advantage of load, while making full use of driving thin-wall tube and swollen Swollen thin-wall tube radial plastic deformation, axial bending deformation and the conquassation deformation of gradient buffer core, it is slow can to eliminate sandwich structure The peak stress of endergonic process is rushed, while absorbing a large amount of blast impulse wave energies, reaches buffering energy-absorbing, shock proof purpose.This Invention can be applied to military armor vehicle, can effectively improve the buffering energy-absorbing performance of military armor vehicle safeguard structure, increase army With the stability of panzer safeguard structure explosion-proof impact process.

Following technical effect can achieve using the present invention:

1. the present invention using it is a kind of comprising gradient foam aluminium fill expansion thin-wall tube core (referring to gradient buffer core) and The sandwich structure of metal decking (top panel and lower panel), has played the panel of sandwich structure and the performance advantage of core, sufficiently It is deformed using expansion thin-walled pipe friction, the conquassation of radial plastic deformation and axial bending deformation and gradient foam aluminum material, energy The peak stress for enough eliminating safeguard structure buffering energy-absorbing process, improves safeguard structure entirety shock resistance.

2. present invention incorporates three kinds of foam aluminium sandwich structure, the filling thin-walled pipe of foamed aluminium, expansion tube type structure structure spies Point and gradient foam advantage, the stable and reliable for performance of the buffering energy-absorbing of safeguard structure, designability are strong, anti-exploding and impacting Shield aspect tool has great advantage, and application prospect is extensive.

3. safeguard structure of the present invention has the stable and reliable for performance of buffering energy-absorbing, overall cost is low, component processing, assembly letter The features such as single.

Fig. 1 is overall structure installation diagram of the present invention；Fig. 1 (a) is the oblique view of overall structure；Fig. 1 (b) is Fig. 1 (a) A-A The sectional view in direction；

Fig. 2 is 1 structural schematic diagram of buffering energy-absorbing unit；Fig. 2 (a) is the oblique view of buffering energy-absorbing unit 1；Fig. 2 (b) is figure 2 (a) direction B-B sectional views；

Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram for driving thin-wall tube 11；Fig. 3 (a) is the oblique view for driving thin-wall tube 11；Fig. 3 (b) is figure 3 (a) direction C-C sectional views；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram for expanding thin-wall tube 12；Fig. 4 (a) is the oblique view for expanding thin-wall tube 12；Fig. 4 (b) is figure 4 (a) direction D-D sectional views；

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of gradient buffer core 13；Fig. 5 (a) is the oblique view of gradient buffer core 13；Fig. 5 (b) It is the sectional view in the direction Fig. 5 (a) E-E；

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of top panel 2；Fig. 6 (a) is the top view of top panel 2；Fig. 6 (b) is the side of top panel 2 View；

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of lower panel 3；Fig. 7 (a) is the top view of lower panel 3；Fig. 7 (b) is the side of lower panel 3 View.

Description of symbols:

1. buffering energy-absorbing unit, 2. top panels, 3. lower panels, 11. driving thin-wall tubes, 12. expansion thin-wall tubes, 13. gradients Buffer core, 111. large diameter cylinders, 112. hollow round table, 113. small diameter cylinders, 131. low density foam layers are close in 132. Spend froth bed, 133. high-density foam layers, 1331. truncated cone-shaped parts, 1332. cylindrical part specific embodiments

In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art with the implementation present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment is to this Invention is described in further detail.

Fig. 1 is overall structure installation diagram of the present invention.As shown in Fig. 1 (a), the present invention by N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit 1, above Plate 2, lower panel 3 form.There is n buffering energy-absorbing unit 1 along the direction x of cartesian coordinate system, n is positive integer and n >=2, edge The direction y of cartesian coordinate system have m buffering energy-absorbing unit 1, m is positive integer and m >=2, and N=mn.Such as Fig. 1 (b) institute Show, top panel 2 and lower panel 3 are parallel to each other, spacing L₀, determined according to protection requirements, meet 2cm < L₀<50cm.N number of buffering Energy-absorbing unit 1 is clipped between top panel 2 and lower panel 3, and the central axes OO ' of N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit 1 is each perpendicular to top panel 2 With lower panel 3.N number of 1 upper surface of buffering energy-absorbing unit is concordant, is stamped top panel 2, junction bonding；N number of buffering energy-absorbing unit 1 Lower end surface is concordant, is sealed by lower panel 2, junction bonding；N number of 1 side of buffering energy-absorbing unit is bonded to each other, junction bonding.

Fig. 2 (a) is the oblique view of buffering energy-absorbing unit 1；As shown in Fig. 2 (a), buffering energy-absorbing unit 1 is cylinder, by driving Dynamic thin-wall tube 11, expansion thin-wall tube 12 and gradient buffer core 13 form.As shown in Fig. 1 (b), moving for buffering energy-absorbing unit 1 is thin Top panel 2 is stamped in 11 upper surface of wall pipe, and buffering energy-absorbing unit 1 expands 12 lower end surface of thin-wall tube and sealed by lower panel 2.Such as Fig. 2 (a) Shown, driving thin-wall tube 11 and expansion thin-wall tube 12 are cylindrical shape, and gradient buffer core 13 is cylinder.Driving thin-wall tube 11, The central axes of expansion thin-wall tube 12 and gradient buffer core 13 coincide with central axes OO '.Fig. 2 (b) is that the direction Fig. 2 (a) B-B is cut Face figure；As shown in Fig. 2 (b), gradient buffer core 13 is filled in the inner cavity of driving thin-wall tube 11.Drive the minor diameter of thin-wall tube 11 The insertion expansion thin-wall tube 12 of cylinder 113, contact position is connected using bonding way.

Fig. 3 (a) is the oblique view for driving thin-wall tube 11；As shown in Fig. 3 (a), driving thin-wall tube 11 is containing hollow round table Cylinder.Fig. 3 (b) is the direction Fig. 3 (a) C-C sectional view；As shown in Fig. 3 (b), driving thin-wall tube 11 is divided into big straight along central axes OO ' Diameter cylinder 111, hollow round table 112 and small diameter cylinder 113, total length L₁, meet 0.4L₀<L₁<0.7L₀.Large diameter cylinder 111 overall diameters are D₁, meet 0.5cm < D₁< 20cm, interior diameter D₂, meet 0.85D₁<D₂<0.95D₁, length l₁, meet 0.6L₁<l₁<0.9L₁, wall thickness δ₁=(D₁-D₂)/2.113 overall diameter of small diameter cylinder is D₃, meet 0.5D₂<D₃<0.9D₂, interior straight Diameter is D₄, meet 0.85D₃<D₄<0.95D₃, length l₃, meet 0.05L₁<l₃<0.25L₁, wall thickness is equal to δ₁.Hollow round table 112 Between large diameter cylinder 111 and small diameter cylinder 113,112 bottom of hollow round table is connected with large diameter cylinder 111, bottom Overall diameter is equal to D₁, bottom interior diameter is equal to D₂, the top of hollow round table 112 is connected with small diameter cylinder 113, top overall diameter etc. In D₃, top inside diameter is equal to D₄.112 length l of hollow round table₂(from the point of view of Fig. 3 (b), the section of hollow round table 11 is a ladder Shape, length l₂For trapezoidal height) l₂=L₁-l₁-l₃, angle theta=arctan of the bus and central axes OO ' of hollow round table 112 [(D₂-D₄)/2l₂], wall thickness is equal to δ₁cosθ.Driving 11 material of thin-wall tube is metal, yield strength σ₁₁Meet σ₁₁> 300MPa, it is close Spend ρ₁₁Meet 7g/cm³<ρ₁₁<9g/cm³。

Fig. 4 (a) is the oblique view for expanding thin-wall tube 12；Fig. 4 (b) is the direction Fig. 4 (a) D-D sectional view；Such as Fig. 4 (a) institute Show, expansion thin-wall tube 12 is cylindrical shape, and as shown in Fig. 4 (b), expansion 12 interior diameter of thin-wall tube is equal to D₃, overall diameter D₅, meet 1.05D₃<D₅<1.3D₃, wall thickness δ₂=(D₅-D₃)/2, length are equal to L₁.Expansion 12 material of thin-wall tube is metal, and yield strength is σ₁₂, meet 100MPa < σ₁₂<σ₁₁, density p₁₂Meet 1g/cm³<ρ₁₂<9g/cm³, and ρ₁₂<ρ₁₁。

Fig. 5 (a) is the oblique view of gradient buffer core 13；Fig. 5 (b) is the sectional view in the direction Fig. 5 (a) E-E；Such as Fig. 5 (a) Shown, gradient buffer core 13 is containing the cylindric of rotary table, and total length is equal to L₁, by low density foam layer 131, middle density foam Layer 132 and high-density foam layer 133 form.Low density foam layer 131, middle density foam layer 132 and high-density foam layer 133 are same Axis (central axes OO ') assembly, middle density foam layer 132 is between low density foam layer 131 and high-density foam layer 133, end Face is bonded using glue.Low density foam layer 131 is cylindrical body, and overall diameter is equal to D₂, length l₄, meet 0.3L₁<l₄< 0.7L₁.131 material of low density foam layer is foamed aluminium, density ρ₁₃₁, meet ρ₁₃₁<0.4g/cm³.Middle density foam layer 132 is Cylinder, diameter are equal to D₂, length l₅=l₁-l₄.Middle 132 material of density foam layer is foamed aluminium, density p₁₃₂Meet ρ₁₃₁<ρ₁₃₂ <0.8g/cm³.High-density foam layer 133 divides for truncated cone-shaped part 1331 and cylindrical part 1332, and truncated cone-shaped part 1331 exists Between middle density foam layer 132 and cylindrical part 1332.1332 diameter of cylindrical part is equal to D₄, length is equal to l₃.Truncated cone-shaped The basal diameter that part 1331 is connected with middle density foam layer 132 is equal to D₂, truncated cone-shaped part 1331 and cylindrical part 1332 The top surface diameter of connection is equal to D₄, 1331 length of truncated cone-shaped part is equal to l₂(from the point of view of Fig. 5 (b), truncated cone-shaped part 1331 is cut Face is one trapezoidal, and the length of truncated cone-shaped part 1331 is trapezoidal height), the angle of bus and central axes is equal to θ.High density bubble 133 material of foam layer is foamed aluminium, density p₁₃₃Meet ρ₁₃₂<ρ₁₃₃<1.2g/cm³.Low density foam layer 131, middle density foam layer 132 and high-density foam layer 133 using different densities foamed aluminium, constitute gradient foam aluminium buffer core, abbreviation gradient buffer Core 13.

Fig. 6 (a) is the top view of top panel 2；Fig. 6 (b) is the side view of top panel 2；As shown in Fig. 6 (a), top panel 2 For rectangle thin plate, length h meets h=nD₁, width i meets i=mD₁, as shown in Fig. 6 (b), with a thickness of j₁, meet 1cm<j₁<20cm.2 material of top panel is metal, yield strength σ₂, meet σ₂> 100MPa, density p₂, meet 1g/cm³<ρ₂<9g/ cm³。

Fig. 7 (a) is the top view of lower panel 3；Fig. 7 (b) is the side view of lower panel 3.As shown in Fig. 7 (a), lower panel 3 For rectangle thin plate, length is equal to h, and width is equal to i, as shown in Fig. 7 (b), with a thickness of j₂, meet j₂≤j₁.3 material of lower panel For metal, yield strength σ₃, meet σ₃> 100MPa, density p₃, meet 1g/cm³<ρ₃<9g/cm³。

Top panel 2 is towards explosion wave direction when the present invention uses, the energy transmission of explosion wave to top panel 2, And it is converted into the kinetic energy of top panel 2, deform after the local Shock Loading of top panel 2 and compresses several buffering energy-absorbing units 1 (position that position depends on blast impulse).After driving thin-wall tube 11 to be compressed by top panel 2, driving thin-wall tube 11 is gradually inserted Enter to expand thin-wall tube 12.Drive the triboabsorption top panel 2 between the outer surface of thin-wall tube 11 and expansion 12 inner surface of thin-wall tube Kinetic energy.The diameter of thin-wall tube 11 is driven to become smaller in insertion process, the diameter of expansion thin-wall tube 12 becomes larger, and drives 11 He of thin-wall tube Expansion thin-wall tube 12 occurs radial plastic deformation and absorbs the kinetic energy of top panel 2.Due to driving thin-wall tube 11 and expansion thin-wall tube 12 length is L₁, driving thin-wall tube 11, which can be fully inserted into, expands thin-wall tube 12.It is swollen when driving thin-wall tube 11 to be fully inserted into After swollen thin-wall tube 12,12 sets of expansion thin-wall tube outside driving thin-wall tube 11, expand 12 inner surface of thin-wall tube and driving thin-wall tube 11 Outer surface fit closely, gradient buffer core 13 be located at expansion thin-wall tube 12 in.If the also remaining kinetic energy of top panel 2, will It will continue to compression buffering energy-absorbing unit 1, driving thin-wall tube 11 and expansion thin-wall tube 12 take place bending deformation, absorb top panel 2 kinetic energy.Conquassation deformation takes place in internal low density foam layer 131 simultaneously, after low density foam 131 completely densified of layer, Conquassation deformation takes place in middle density foam layer 132, and in the middle after 132 completely densified of density foam layer, high-density foam layer 133 is opened Begin to be crushed deformation.The plastic deformation of buffering energy-absorbing unit 1 absorbs the kinetic energy of top panel 2.