阅读说明：本技术 一种浸种剂及水稻种子催芽方法 (Seed soaking agent and rice seed germination accelerating method ) 是由 刘宏斌 孙巧玉 左强 刘泰 闫铁柱 张富林 吴茂前 范先鹏 雷秋良 杨晋辉 于 2021-08-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种浸种剂及水稻催芽方法,涉及作物栽培技术领域。本发明浸种剂包括聚天冬氨酸和杀菌剂,所述聚天冬氨酸质量浓度为0.3-0.6％；该浸种剂可直接应用于水稻浸种催芽。聚天冬氨酸具有阳离子吸附作用,能够提高作物光合效率及光合相关酶活性,还具有吸水性和保水性,可从多方面促进水稻种子萌发,并促进秧苗生长,满足现有市场对低成本、高素质水稻秧苗的需求。(The invention provides a seed soaking agent and a rice germination accelerating method, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation. The seed soaking agent comprises polyaspartic acid and a bactericide, wherein the mass concentration of the polyaspartic acid is 0.3-0.6%; the seed soaking agent can be directly applied to seed soaking and germination acceleration of rice. The polyaspartic acid has a cation adsorption effect, can improve the photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of photosynthetic related enzymes of crops, also has water absorbability and water retentivity, can promote the germination of rice seeds from multiple aspects, promotes the growth of seedlings, and meets the requirements of the existing market on low-cost and high-quality rice seedlings.)

1. The seed soaking agent is characterized by comprising polyaspartic acid and a bactericide, wherein the mass concentration of the polyaspartic acid is 0.3-0.6%.

2. The seed soaking agent according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the bactericide is 0.25-0.50%.

3. The seed soaking agent according to claim 1, wherein the polyaspartic acid is a modified polyaspartate, and has the general structural formula:

wherein i is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; m is Na, K, Zn, Fe, NH₄Or Ca; n and m are unit lengths; the molecular weight is more than 10000.

4. The seed soaking agent according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the polyaspartic acid is a modified calcium polyaspartate.

5. The seed soaking agent according to claim 2, wherein the bactericide is one or more of trichloroisocyanuric acid, carbendazim, prochloraz, ethylicin, tebuconazole or phenamacril.

6. A method for accelerating germination of rice seeds, comprising soaking rice seeds in the seed-soaking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The germination accelerating method of claim 6, wherein the seeds are soaked with clean water for 10-14h before soaking by the soaking agent.

8. Pregermination method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the soaking temperature is room temperature.

9. The pregermination method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the seed soaking agent is soaked for 6 to 8 hours.

10. The germination accelerating method of claim 6, wherein the rice seeds are fished out after soaking, washed with clear water for 2-3 times, and subjected to room temperature germination accelerating for 36-48 h.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a seed soaking agent and a rice seed germination accelerating method.

Background

Rice is an important food crop in the world, and more than half of the population in the world takes the rice as staple food. The rice is also one of the most main grain crops in China, and is the crop with the largest planting area, the highest single yield and the largest total yield in China. The production of rice is based on the quality of rice seedlings and is closely related to seed soaking and germination accelerating technologies.

The existing rice seed soaking and germination accelerating technology mainly comprises warm water seed soaking and bactericide seed soaking. The warm water seed soaking research mainly relates to the regulation and control of the temperature of warm water and the seed soaking time; the bactericide soaking method mainly aims at screening the type and concentration of the bactericide. In recent years, with the large-scale production of rice in most regions, the planting area of individual rice is increased, the quantity of rice seedlings is required to be increased, the requirement on the quality of the rice seedlings is higher, and the traditional rice seed soaking and germination accelerating method can not meet the requirement of modern large-scale rice planting production.

In addition, the breadth of our country is wide, the difference of planting conditions is large, and in practical application, a proper seed soaking and germination accelerating method should be selected according to local conditions. Meanwhile, a more efficient, convenient and practical seed soaking and germination accelerating method is continuously researched, the requirement of rice production is met, particularly the research on a rice bud production technology capable of improving quality, increasing efficiency and increasing yield is realized, and the production cost is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a seed soaking agent and a rice seed germination accelerating method, wherein growth and physiological indexes such as plant height, base stem width, strong seedling index, white root number, rooting capacity, net photosynthetic rate, etc. of rice seedlings are improved by adding polyaspartic acid into a sterilization solution.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a seed soaking agent comprises polyaspartic acid and a bactericide, wherein the mass concentration of the polyaspartic acid is 0.3-0.6%.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the bactericide is 0.25-0.50%.

Preferably, the polyaspartic acid is modified polyaspartate, and the structural general formula is as follows:

wherein i is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; m is Na, K, Zn, Fe, NH4 or Ca; n and m are unit lengths; the molecular weight is more than 10000.

More preferably, the polyaspartic acid is a modified calcium polyaspartate.

More preferably, the bactericide is one or more of trichloroisocyanuric acid, carbendazim, prochloraz, ethylicin, tebuconazole or phenamacril.

A rice seed germination accelerating method is characterized in that rice seeds are soaked by the seed soaking agent for accelerating germination.

Preferably, before the soaking agent is used for soaking, the seeds are soaked in clear water for 10-14 h.

Preferably, the soaking temperature is room temperature.

Preferably, the soaking time of the seed soaking agent is 6-8 h.

Preferably, the rice seeds are fished out after being soaked, washed by clear water for 2-3 times, and subjected to room-temperature germination acceleration for 36-48 h.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a seed soaking agent and a rice seed germination accelerating method, wherein polyaspartic acid is added into a sterilizing solution to soak seeds and accelerate germination of rice, so that the seed germination rate is improved; based on the cation adsorption effect of the polyaspartic acid, the polyaspartic acid adsorbs and enriches mineral elements around the root system, and the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved. The polyaspartic acid improves the photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of photosynthesis-related enzyme of crops; in addition, the polyaspartic acid has water absorption and water retention, and the soil seeds are favorable for maintaining the moisture of the polyaspartic acid after wrapping the polyaspartic acid, so that the seeds can germinate, and the quality of the seedlings is improved. The modified polyaspartate used in the invention has more branched chains, larger molecular weight and longer action time.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a seed soaking agent, which comprises polyaspartic acid and a bactericide, wherein the mass concentration of the polyaspartic acid is 0.3-0.6%. Through tests, the polyaspartic acid with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent can promote the germination of rice seeds and improve the quality of rice seedlings, and along with the increase of the mass concentration, the effect is not obviously increased, but the cost is increased. Therefore, the polyaspartic acid mass concentration is more preferably 0.3 to 0.45%; more preferably, the concentration of polyaspartic acid is 0.3% by mass.

The polyaspartic acid has the cation adsorption effect, so that the polyaspartic acid can adsorb and enrich mineral elements around the root system, and the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved; can also improve the photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of photosynthesis-related enzyme of crops; in addition, the polyaspartic acid has water absorption and water retention, and the soil seeds are favorable for maintaining the moisture of the polyaspartic acid after wrapping the polyaspartic acid, so that the seeds can germinate, and the quality of the seedlings is improved. The invention preferably selects polyaspartic acid as modified calcium polyaspartate, the general formula of the structure is as follows, and the source and the preparation method thereof refer to the record of ZL201610936004. X. Further preferably, the polyaspartic acid raw material of the seed soaking agent is modified polyaspartic acid calcium salt. The modified polyaspartate is used as the polyaspartic acid raw material, so that the branched chain is more, the molecular weight is larger, and the action time is longer.

Wherein i is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; m is Na, K, Zn, Fe, NH₄Or Ca; n and m are unit lengths; the molecular weight is more than 10000. It is further preferred that M is Ca, i.e., a modified calcium polyaspartate.

The seed soaking agent comprises a bactericide, wherein the mass concentration of the bactericide is 0.25-0.50%; further preferably, the mass concentration is 0.25-0.40%; more preferably, the mass concentration is 0.25%. The seed soaking agent is added with a bactericide to kill fungi and bacteria diseases carried in crop seeds; preferably one or more of trichloroisocyanuric acid, carbendazim, prochloraz, ethylicin, tebuconazole or phenamacril; more preferably trichloroisocyanuric acid.

The invention also provides a seed soaking and germination accelerating method for rice seeds, so as to improve the germination rate, emergence rate and seedling quality of the rice seeds. The seed soaking agent is used for soaking rice seeds, and can remarkably improve the germination rate, emergence rate, seedling growth traits such as plant height, leaf width and dry weight, root growth capacity and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the seedlings through the synergistic effect of the polyaspartic acid and the bactericide.

Before the seed soaking with the seed soaking agent, the rice seeds can be soaked with clear water for 1-2h, the empty seeds and the shrunken seeds are fished out, then the rice seeds are continuously soaked with clear water for 10-14h, and then the seed soaking with the seed soaking agent is carried out.

The preferable seed soaking method of the invention comprises the following steps: the liquid level of the seed soaking agent is higher than the seeds, and the seeds are soaked for 6-8 hours at room temperature; further preferably, the seed is soaked for 6 hours.

According to the method, rice seeds are preferably taken out after being soaked, the seed soaking agent is drained, the seeds are washed for 2-3 times by clear water, and the germination is accelerated for 36-48h at room temperature. As an alternative, the drained seeds are spread on a tray, covered with wet gauze and placed in a room for germination at ambient temperature. During the germination process, the seeds are checked twice a day in the morning and at night, and are kept wet by water spraying.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A seed soaking agent comprises 0.3% of polyaspartic acid by mass, 0.25% of trichloroisocyanuric acid by mass and clear water as a solvent.

Example 2

A seed soaking agent comprises modified polyaspartic acid calcium salt 0.45 wt%, carbendazim 0.50 wt%, and clear water as solvent.

Example 3

A seed soaking agent comprises 0.60% of modified polyaspartic acid sodium salt, 0.20% of carbendazim, 0.20% of prochloraz and clear water as a solvent.

Example 4

A seed soaking agent comprises 0.50% of modified polyaspartic acid potassium salt, 0.20% of carbendazim and 0.10% of prochloraz, and a solvent is clear water.

Example 5

A rice seed soaking method comprises the steps of soaking rice seeds in the seed soaking agent in the embodiment 1 for 6 hours at room temperature, fishing out, draining, accelerating germination and accelerating germination for 36 hours at room temperature.

Example 6

A rice seed soaking method comprises the steps of soaking rice seeds in the seed soaking agent in the embodiment 1 for 8 hours at room temperature, fishing out, draining, accelerating germination and accelerating germination for 48 hours at room temperature.

Example 7

Influence of germination acceleration and different seed soaking agents on rice seedling characters

1. And (3) test treatment: seed soaking and germination accelerating are not needed; soaking seeds in the bactericide solution; soaking seeds in polyaspartic acid solution; the polyaspartic acid + bactericide solution was used for seed soaking, and the setup was repeated 3 times. And (5) raising seedlings in a greenhouse.

2. Test materials: the polyaspartic acid is modified polyaspartic acid calcium salt, and the bactericide is trichloroisocyanuric acid.

3g of trichloroisocyanuric acid is matched with 1kg of clear water to prepare a bactericide solution, and 3g (dry basis) of modified polyaspartic acid calcium salt is matched with 1kg of clear water to prepare a polyaspartic acid solution; 3g (dry basis) of modified polyaspartic acid calcium salt and 3g of trichloroisocyanuric acid are mixed with 1kg of clear water to prepare polyaspartic acid and bactericide solution.

3. The seed soaking and sowing method comprises the following steps:

(1) soaking the rice seeds in clear water for 1 hour, and fishing out empty seeds and shrunken seeds; continuously soaking the seeds in clear water for 12h, and taking out.

(2) And (3) soaking the seeds for 6 hours after the seed soaking solution is higher than the seeds, pouring out excessive water, washing for 2 times by using clear water, spreading the seeds on a tray, covering a piece of wet gauze, and carrying out indoor normal-temperature germination acceleration. During the germination process, the seeds are checked twice a day in the morning and at night, and are kept wet by water spraying.

(3) A seedling raising plate: selecting a conventional hard disk for transplanting and raising rice seedlings by a machine.

(4) The matrix formula is turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite is 2:1:1 (volume ratio); the fertilizing amount of the rice seedling raising matrix is 15g N m^-2(Urea), 24g P₂O₅·m^-2(superphosphate), 24g K₂O·m^-2(Potassium chloride).

(5) Seeding rate: sowing 55g (wet seeds) of the blumea riparia seeds in each plate, covering the seeds with a substrate after sowing, and strictly controlling the thickness to be 0.3-0.5 cm.

(6) After sowing, the germination condition of the seeds is checked every day, and water is supplemented.

(7) Investigating the germination rate of rice seeds on the 3 rd day after sowing;

(8) watering is carried out at regular intervals in the seedling stage, and water is supplemented when the water content of the matrix is lower than 70% of the saturated water content of the matrix.

(9) And (3) after the rice seedlings are raised for 26 days, destroying and sampling, and measuring the growth and physiological indexes of the rice seedlings.

4. Test results

TABLE 1 Effect of different seed-soaking agents on the germination percentage of rice seeds

Treatment of	The germination percentage is%	Standard error of
				Does not accelerate germination	85.61327561	1.16	c
Bactericide	91.22435535	1.22	b
				Collecting sky	90.1413288	2.27	b
Fungicide + Jutian	95.66437714	1.13	a

TABLE 2 Effect of different seed-soaking agents on the growth of rice seedlings

TABLE 3 Effect of different seed-soaking agents on the growth of rice seedling root system

TABLE 4 influence of different seed-soaking agents on the nutrient content of rice seedlings

As can be seen from tables 1 to 4, the seed soaking agent of the invention is obviously superior to non-germination accelerating agent, bactericide seed soaking agent and polyaspartic acid seed soaking treatment in the aspects of rice seed germination, seedling growth, seedling root growth and seedling nutrient content, the bactericide and polyaspartic acid show synergistic effect, and the germination accelerating and seedling quality effects are better.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.