阅读说明：本技术 3d打印方法中三维模型形成方法以及3d打印方法 (Threedimensional model forming method and 3D printing method in 3D printing method ) 是由 王慧如 樊勇 邓明鲁 蒋疆 杨三强 苗伟 李群 陈嘉琦 于 2018-12-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：涉及3D打印技术领域,本申请涉及一种3D打印方法中三维模型形成方法以及3D打印方法,三维模型形成方法用于形成一种物体中目标物质的三维模型；包括：对物体进行断层扫描,获取所述物体的多个断层图像；对多个所述断层图像进行去色,获得灰度断层图像；扫描分析多个灰度断层图像,确定目标物质在灰度断层图像中的选取阈值；根据所述选取阈值批处理多个灰度断层图像,去除各个断层图像中所述选取阈值确定的区域外的图像信息,获得所述目标物质的多个断层图像；根据所述目标物质的多个断层图像反向扫描生成目标物质的三维模型。可以方便地利用位图格式的断层图像形成模型,并且可以直接形成目标物质的三维模型。(It is related to 3D printing technique field, this application involves threedimensional model forming method and 3D printing method in a kind of 3D printing method, threedimensional model forming method is used to form a kind of threedimensional model of target substance in object；Include: that tomoscan is carried out to object, obtains multiple faultage images of the object；Discoloration is carried out to multiple faultage images, obtains gray scale faultage image；The multiple gray scale faultage images of scanning analysis, determine selected threshold of the target substance in gray scale faultage image；According to the multiple gray scale faultage images of the selected threshold batch processing, the image information outside the region that selected threshold described in faultage image determines unless each is gone, multiple faultage images of the target substance are obtained；The threedimensional model of target substance is generated according to multiple faultage image reverse scans of the target substance.Model is formed using the faultage image of bitmap format with can be convenient, and can directly form the threedimensional model of target substance.)

1. threedimensional model forming method in a kind of 3D printing method, it is used to form a kind of threedimensional model of target substance in object； Include:

Tomoscan is carried out to object, obtains multiple faultage images of the object；

Discoloration is carried out to multiple faultage images, obtains gray scale faultage image；

The multiple gray scale faultage images of scanning analysis, determine selected threshold of the target substance in gray scale faultage image；

According to the multiple gray scale faultage images of the selected threshold batch processing, the determination of selected threshold described in faultage image unless each is gone Region outside image information, obtain multiple faultage images of the target substance；

The threedimensional model of target substance is generated according to multiple faultage image reverse scans of the target substance.

2. threedimensional model forming method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that reversely swept by the same sequence of tomoscan Retouch the threedimensional model for generating target substance.

3. threedimensional model forming method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be carried out to multiple faultage images Discoloration after obtaining gray scale faultage image step, also has step:

According to contour of object be closed principle determine non-closed image-region be unwanted picture area, by removal unwanted picture area into Row denoising.

4. threedimensional model forming method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be carried out to multiple faultage images Discoloration after obtaining gray scale faultage image step, also has step:

Batch images processing is carried out to each gray scale faultage image, described image processing includes contrast processing, brightness processed, color Reason or color range processing are mediated, to improve the clarity of useful image in each gray scale faultage image.

5. threedimensional model forming method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be carried out to multiple faultage images Discoloration after obtaining gray scale faultage image step, also has step:

Batch is carried out to multiple gray scale faultage images and cuts processing, wherein is connected between multiple faultage images according to object Distribution Principles form the target area of high pixel distribution, to more after overlapping the pixel-intensive area between multiple faultage images A gray scale faultage image carries out batch and cuts the image removed outside target area.

6. threedimensional model forming method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further comprise the steps of:

Fairing processing is carried out to the threedimensional model of target substance；

Abatement triangle processing is carried out to the threedimensional model of target substance.

7. threedimensional model forming method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described anti-by the same sequence of tomoscan The threedimensional model of target substance is generated to scanning, comprising:

According to profile difference and total height between adjacent image in multiple faultage images of the target substance, determine in proportion disconnected Layer scanning thickness；

The threedimensional model of target substance is generated according to tomoscan thickness reverse scan.

8. threedimensional model forming method as described in any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that described to break to object Layer scanning, obtains multiple faultage images of the object, comprising:

Equidistant tomoscan is carried out to object, obtains multiple faultage images of the identical spacing of the object.

9. threedimensional model forming method as described in any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that the scanning analysis is multiple Gray scale faultage image determines selected threshold of the target substance in gray scale faultage image, comprising:

By choosing initial setting selected threshold manually；

According to the threedimensional model pre-generatmg of initial setting selected threshold performance objective substance；

Accurate adjustment is carried out to the selected threshold according to pre-generatmg threedimensional model effect；

To obtain accurate selected threshold.

10. a kind of 3D printing method, which is characterized in that including in the described in any item 3D printing methods of such as claim 1-9 three Dimension module forming method.

Technical field

This application involves threedimensional model forming method in 3D printing technique field more particularly to a kind of 3D printing method and 3D printing method.

Background technique

With computed tomography (Computer Tomography, CT), nuclear magnetic resonance (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI) and the Laminographic devices such as ultrasound appearance, people can easily obtain human organ With the faultage image of three-dimension object.Human body or three-dimension object provided by faultage image be in the image information of a certain level It understands three-dimension object internal organizational structure and details of morphology etc. in depth and provides authentic communication.Threedimensional model based on faultage image The fields such as medical 3 D reconstruction, virtual visual operation, reverse-engineering are reconstituted in have a wide range of applications.

In general, the format of CT scan image is .dicom, this format contains sweep span, scanning resolution and sweeps Retouch the information such as format.But due to the export-restriction of some special circumstances, such as CT equipment, cause to can only obtain bitmap format CT image, this just gives three-dimensional reduction to cause technical difficulty.In the prior art, it does not find also to can use bitmap format The effective ways of faultage image formation threedimensional model.

In particular, CT scan image includes object or tissue complete image, and in actual modeling requirement, only need The threedimensional model therein for formulating substance, such as the CT scan image of human body are wanted, the image of various soft tissues and bone is contained, In demand, it is only necessary to which the skeletogenous threedimensional model of shape, this is more difficult to obtain using the prior art.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, this application provides threedimensional model forming method in a kind of 3D printing method and 3D printing method.

In a first aspect, being used to form a kind of object this application provides threedimensional model forming method in a kind of 3D printing method The threedimensional model of target substance in body；Include:

Tomoscan is carried out to object, obtains multiple faultage images of the object；

Discoloration is carried out to multiple faultage images, obtains gray scale faultage image；

The multiple gray scale faultage images of scanning analysis, determine selected threshold of the target substance in gray scale faultage image；

According to the multiple gray scale faultage images of the selected threshold batch processing, selected threshold described in faultage image unless each is gone Image information outside determining region obtains multiple faultage images of the target substance；

The threedimensional model of target substance is generated according to multiple faultage image reverse scans of the target substance.

According to one embodiment of the application, the three-dimensional mould of target substance is generated by the same sequence reverse scan of tomoscan Type.

It is described that discoloration is carried out to multiple faultage images according to one embodiment of the application, obtain gray scale faultage image step After rapid, also there is step:

Principle is closed according to contour of object and determines that non-closed image-region is unwanted picture area, by removing unwanted picture Area is denoised.

It is described that discoloration is carried out to multiple faultage images according to one embodiment of the application, obtain gray scale faultage image step After rapid, also there is step:

Batch images processing is carried out to each gray scale faultage image, described image processing includes that contrast is handled, at brightness Reason, tone processing or color range processing, to improve the clarity of useful image in each gray scale faultage image.

It is described that discoloration is carried out to multiple faultage images according to one embodiment of the application, obtain gray scale faultage image step After rapid, also there is step:

Batch is carried out to multiple gray scale faultage images and cuts processing, wherein according to object between multiple faultage images Distribution Principles are connected, form the target area of high pixel distribution after the pixel-intensive area between multiple faultage images is overlapped, Batch is carried out to multiple gray scale faultage images and cuts the image removed outside target area.

According to one embodiment of the application, further comprise the steps of:

Fairing processing is carried out to the threedimensional model of target substance；

Abatement triangle processing is carried out to the threedimensional model of target substance.

According to one embodiment of the application, the three-dimensional that target substance is generated by the same sequence reverse scan of tomoscan Model, comprising:

According to profile difference and total height between adjacent image in multiple faultage images of the target substance, in proportion really Determine tomoscan thickness；

The threedimensional model of target substance is generated according to tomoscan thickness reverse scan.

It is described that tomoscan is carried out to object according to one embodiment of the application, multiple faultage images of the object are obtained, Include:

Equidistant tomoscan is carried out to object, obtains multiple faultage images of the identical spacing of the object.

According to one embodiment of the application, the multiple gray scale faultage images of scanning analysis determine that target substance is disconnected in gray scale Selected threshold in tomographic image, comprising:

By choosing initial setting selected threshold manually；

According to the threedimensional model pre-generatmg of initial setting selected threshold performance objective substance；

Accurate adjustment is carried out to the selected threshold according to pre-generatmg threedimensional model effect；

To obtain accurate selected threshold.

The embodiment of the present application is also believed that there is provided a kind of 3D printing methods comprising 3D printing method as the aforementioned Middle threedimensional model forming method.

In 3D printing method, comprising steps of according to multiple target image profiles that abovementioned steps generate, and be through later The profile of target image after optimization after the verifying of sequence step, it is corresponding accordingly to generate multiple slice of data (it is to be appreciated that direct Format conversion), while abovementioned steps are fallen into a trap into tomoscan thickness that point counting is analysed as slice generation thickness；It will cut later Sheet data and print parameters are input to 3D printing equipment, finally complete the generation of laminated solid body model.

Certainly, if the scanning thickness profile of target image profile is greater than slice thickness, selection is with two on thickness direction Desirably interpolation generates multiple interpolated contours between adjacent target image outline.

The method that interpolated contours generate can be, and multiple interpolated contours files for having serial number is initially formed, with adjacent wheel Exterior feature carries out Boolean calculation, obtains difference constituency, difference constituency is copied to multiple interpolated contours files respectively later, later by slotting The serial number of value profile carries out pair-wise offset with respect to selection border in a manner of gradually side respectively, to generate multiple interpolation wheels respectively Exterior feature, relatively adjacent profile has spacing between these interpolated contours, and each spacing is uniform gradual change.It simultaneously can be with Also the scanning thickness profile of target image profile is shared equally each interpolated contours.

Above-mentioned technical proposal provided by the embodiments of the present application has the advantages that compared with prior art

This method provided by the embodiments of the present application forms model using the faultage image of bitmap format with can be convenient, and And it can directly form the threedimensional model of target substance.The printer model smooth appearance of recovery is fine and smooth, details is true, can be abundant It shows bone original appearance, can play a positive role in operative treatment, therefore receive the favorable comment of related technical personnel.

Detailed description of the invention

The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and forms part of this specification, and shows and meets implementation of the invention Example, and be used to explain the principle of the present invention together with specification.

In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skill in the art Speech, without any creative labor, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.

Fig. 1 is the broad flow diagram of threedimensional model forming method in a kind of 3D printing method provided by the embodiments of the present application.

Fig. 2 is the multiple faultage image schematic diagrames one of the embodiment of the present application；

Fig. 3 is the multiple faultage image schematic diagrames two of the embodiment of the present application；

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present application forms selected threshold；

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present application carries out model optimization effect；

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application hand bone model forming.

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application vertebrae molder.

Specific embodiment

To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the embodiment of the present application clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present application In attached drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is A part of the embodiment of the application, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, ordinary skill people Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.

As schematically shown in Figure 1, this application provides threedimensional model forming method in a kind of 3D printing method, it is used to form one kind The threedimensional model of target substance in object；It specifically includes that

S001 carries out tomoscan to object, obtains multiple faultage images of the object；In this step, generally to object Body carries out equidistant tomoscan, obtains multiple faultage images of the identical spacing of the object.It is specifically disconnected using computer Layer scans (Computer Tomography, CT), nuclear magnetic resonance (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI) and surpasses Object is imaged in the Laminographic devices such as sound, to obtain multiple faultage images, and in the embodiment of the present application, it is only necessary to obtain position The faultage image of bitmap-format is respectively convenient to data export and data interaction, needs not be under the limitation of equipment setting.

S002 carries out discoloration to multiple faultage images, obtains gray scale faultage image；In the tomography for obtaining bitmap format After image, quick batch processing is carried out to multiple faultage images, for example can choose and utilize BatchImager, Digital The tools such as Image Tool carry out batch operation.In the application, it can establish a windows platforms, windows platforms can be by current Common format is built, and can input faultage image on the whole, output can be applied to the threedimensional model of 3D printing.Pass through Such as image batch processing tool, image scanning analysis tool, reverse scan modeling tool, model are embedded in this windows platforms The existing tool such as optimization tool, to realize the complete operation of the application.

S003, the multiple gray scale faultage images of scanning analysis, determines selected threshold of the target substance in gray scale faultage image； The operation can be realized using the pixel analysis function of image batch processing tool, also can use the mould of reverse scan modeling tool Type masking tool is realized.

S004 goes choosing described in faultage image unless each according to the multiple gray scale faultage images of the selected threshold batch processing The image information outside region for taking threshold value to determine, obtains multiple faultage images of the target substance；It wherein can be by selecting manually Take initial setting selected threshold；Later according to the threedimensional model pre-generatmg of initial setting selected threshold performance objective substance；According to Pre-generatmg threedimensional model effect carries out accurate adjustment to the selected threshold；To obtain accurate selected threshold.

S005 generates the threedimensional model of target substance according to multiple faultage image reverse scans of the target substance.Root According to one embodiment of the application, the threedimensional model of target substance is generated by the same sequence reverse scan of tomoscan.Wherein it is possible to According to profile difference and total height between adjacent image in multiple faultage images of the target substance, determine that tomography is swept in proportion Retouch thickness；The threedimensional model of target substance can be generated according to tomoscan thickness reverse scan later.

According to one embodiment of the application, after S002 step, can also have step: it is true to be closed principle according to contour of object Fixed non-closed image-region is unwanted picture area, is denoised by removing unwanted picture area.

According to one embodiment of the application, after S002 step, there can also be step: each gray scale faultage image is carried out Batch images processing, described image processing includes contrast processing, brightness processed, tone processing or color range processing, to improve The clarity of useful image in each gray scale faultage image.

According to one embodiment of the application, after S002 step, there can also be step: to multiple gray scale faultage images It carries out batch and cuts processing, wherein Distribution Principles are connected between multiple faultage images according to object, by multiple faultage images Between pixel-intensive area overlapping after form the target area of high pixel distribution, batch sanctions are carried out to multiple gray scale faultage images Cut the image in addition to target area.

According to one embodiment of the application, after the above S005 step can with comprising steps of

Fairing processing is carried out to the threedimensional model of target substance；And/or

Abatement triangle processing is carried out to the threedimensional model of target substance.

The application is realized in implementing based on tomography contour line extraction and the method for splicing.It mainly include following two passes Key step: (1) the point cloud chart picture of the useful image in each faultage image using image zooming-out algorithm is obtained, through image batch processing It is accurate to target area, obtains the clear point cloud chart picture of target substance；(2) in the base for the clear point cloud chart picture for obtaining target substance On plinth, using a cloud outer profile splicing algorithm, the corresponding relationship of point cloud outer profile point between adjacent tomography is established, is then connected Corresponding point constitutes tri patch, to realize the three-dimensional surface rebuilding of musculus cutaneus model.

It can use point cloud chart picture in the embodiment of the present application and generate point cloud profile, simplified to complete objective contour, without Need to carry out to put on contour line simplifies operation.

In the embodiment that point cloud profile generates, a specific example method is specifically included that

1. capturing point cloud, a seed point region is generated；

2. the point of proximity searched around seed point (can accelerate speed, k-d tree [k-dimensional tree with k-d tree here Abbreviation], be it is a kind of divide k dimension data space data structure.Be mainly used in hyperspace critical data search [such as: Range searching and nearest neighbor search].K-D tree is the special situation of binary space cut tree), then using critical point as kind Son point is searched again, until finding not new point addition always；

3. calculating profile is irregular polygon, Yao Jinhang regularization, rule turns to curve here, naturally it is also possible to Rule turns to other figures (for example rule turns to rectangle, circle, ellipse or other polygons).Irregular polygon is advised Closed curve is then turned to, an important method is to select each side of polygon as x-axis, and select one of the side to hold Point establishes rectangular coordinate system as origin, then seeks its bounding box.In all bounding boxs it is the smallest that be exactly required close Close curved profile.

Closed curve may include straight line, circular arc and line transect.It is the embodiment of bone especially for target substance It is that closed curve is primarily selected as closure line transect, is closed line transect.

And closed curve is primarily selected as the set of straight line, circular arc if the industrial products that target substance is common.

4. having acquired closed curve profile.

Referring to as shown in Figures 2 to 6, the specific illustrative of the embodiment of the present application is described as follows:

S101 carries out tomoscan to human body palm, obtains multiple faultage images of human body palm；In this step, to people Body palm carries out equidistant tomoscan, obtains multiple faultage images of identical spacing.

S102 carries out discoloration to multiple faultage images, obtains gray scale faultage image；In the tomography for obtaining bitmap format After image, quick batch processing is carried out to multiple faultage images, for example can choose and utilize BatchImager, Digital The tools such as Image Tool carry out batch operation.

S103: noise reduction and optimization processing are carried out to gray scale faultage image.Batch images are carried out to each gray scale faultage image Processing, described image processing includes that contrast processing, brightness processed, tone processing or color range are handled, each described to improve The clarity of the useful image of white of bone is shown in gray scale faultage image.

S104: analyzing the faultage image of optimization, obtains the related letter such as tomography information, position of fault information Breath.Wherein it is possible to according to profile difference and total height between adjacent image in multiple faultage images of the bone, in proportion It spreads out and determines tomoscan thickness；It later can be according to the raw skeletogenous threedimensional model of tomoscan thickness reverse scan.Analysis After preliminary sweep thickness, position can be distributed according to each image is calculated as and generate thickness.

S105: the image letter in each faultage image according to image connection situation and other than the target image of determination is removed Breath.For example can determine that non-closed image-region is unwanted picture area according to the principle of physical objects outline close, by going Except unwanted picture area is denoised.

S106: the multiple gray level images of scanning analysis determine constituency threshold value of the bone in gray scale faultage image.The operation can It is realized using the pixel analysis function of image batch processing tool, also can use the model mask work of reverse scan modeling tool Tool is to realize.Initial setting selected threshold can be wherein formed by the range that gets colors manually；It is chosen later according to initial setting The threedimensional model pre-generatmg of threshold value execution bone；Accurate adjustment is carried out to the selected threshold according to pre-generatmg threedimensional model effect；With Obtain accurate selected threshold.

S107: target image profile is chosen according to constituency threshold marker, and contour optimization is marked.Mark the life of profile At and optimization can be implemented referring in particular to method detailed described above.

S108: skeletogenous threedimensional model is reversely fitted according to multiple label faultage images of the bone.

S109: optimizing the threedimensional model of reconstruction, model surface fairing, reduction tri patch etc..

As shown in Fig. 2, converting gray level image for color image batch, useless color information is removed.By a part people The colored CT image (.jpg) of body tissue is completely converted into gray level image (.bmp) according to batch operation.

Gray level image with source format guide-in window platform program (class such as Mimics) and is arranged according to image analysis later With the key messages such as the scanning resolution, photo resolution, Scan slice thickness and the picture format that are calculated.

As shown in figure 4, scanning threshold value is arranged according to image analysis, the mask of bone portion is obtained.It is adjustable during this Mask threshold value, in order to obtain optimal bone image information.It can add up rebuild three layer by layer according to the mask optimized later Dimension module

As shown in figure 5, can be carried out on threedimensional model surface it is fairing-optimized, remove on bone the partial skin blood vessel that adheres to or Other soft tissue features；Skeleton model by fairing and reduction triangle processing is anticipated (left: before optimization as shown；It is right: optimization Afterwards).

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application hand bone model forming, and Fig. 7 is the embodiment of the present application vertebrae molder Schematic diagram.Meaning as shown in the figure, according to it is above complete model reconstruction and optimization after, 3D printing technique can be used, obtain one it is complete Whole CT restores skeleton model.

Wherein, in 3D printing step, a kind of mode is to generate multiple number of slices by slice using three-dimensional modeling data According to recalculating the parameters such as each slice of data corresponding generation thickness when logical, later input slice of data and print parameters To 3D printing equipment, the generation of laminated solid body model is finally completed.

Another way is, in 3D printing step, according to multiple target image profiles that abovementioned steps S107 is generated, and And be the profile of target image after optimization after subsequent step is verified, it is corresponding accordingly to generate multiple slice of data and (manage Solution is the conversion of direct format), while the abovementioned steps tomoscan thickness that point counting is analysed of falling into a trap is generated into thickness as slice Degree.

Certainly, if the scanning thickness profile of target image profile is greater than slice thickness, selection is with two on thickness direction Desirably interpolation generates multiple interpolated contours between adjacent target image outline.The method of generation can be, and be initially formed multiple There is the interpolated contours file of serial number, Boolean calculation is carried out with adjacent profile, difference constituency is obtained, later distinguishes difference constituency Copy to multiple interpolated contours files, later by interpolated contours file serial number respectively with respect to selection border in a manner of gradually side into Row pair-wise offset, to generate multiple interpolated contours respectively, relatively adjacent profile has spacing between these interpolated contours, And each spacing is uniform gradual change.The scanning thickness profile of target image profile can also be shared equally each interpolation wheel simultaneously It is wide.

Slice of data and print parameters are input to 3D printing equipment later, finally complete the generation of laminated solid body model. 3D printing is realized in such a way, can no longer undergo the data processing that threedimensional model is fitted and threedimensional model is sliced Journey directly can carry out 3D printing using the faultage image after preliminary treatment.Can save a large amount of data processing time with Data processing resources, so that generating process is less for the occupancy of processor resource and operator, and entire 3D printing The used time of journey is less.

It should be noted that, in this document, the relational terms of such as " first " and " second " or the like are used merely to one A entity or operation with another entity or operate distinguish, without necessarily requiring or implying these entities or operation it Between there are any actual relationship or orders.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to Cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment for including a series of elements not only includes those Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or setting Standby intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that There is also other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the invention, is made skilled artisans appreciate that or realizing this hair It is bright.Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, as defined herein General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and applied principle and features of novelty phase one herein The widest scope of cause.