阅读说明：本技术 生物介质中选择性的激光诱导光学击穿 (Selective laser induced optical breakdown in Biomedia ) 是由 克里斯多夫·C·卡佩利 沃尔特·克伦普 大卫·罗伯森 于 2018-02-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：用于选择性地对生物介质中的吸收性目标提供激光诱导光学击穿(LIOB)的装置和方法。例如,LIOB可以用作组织治疗的一部分,例如与纹身去除相关联的美容治疗。在一些实施方式中,用于选择性地提供LIOB的系统包括场生成器,该场生成器配置为生成场并施加该场以穿过生物介质的一部分。系统还包括光源,该光源配置为在施加场期间将激光传递到生物介质的该部分。将场施加到生物介质诱导了自由电子在生物介质的该部分内的移动,这可以减少或减慢生物介质中响应于激光的空泡的形成。(For selectively providing the device and method of laser induced optical breakdown (LIOB) to the absorbability target in Biomedia.For example, LIOB may be used as a part of tissue treatment, such as associated beauty therapeutic is removed with tatooing.In some embodiments, the system for selectively providing LIOB includes field generator, this generator is configured to generate field and applies this to pass through a part of Biomedia.System further includes light source, which is configured to the part during applied field by laser transfer to Biomedia.Field is applied to movement of the Biomedia induction of free electron in the part of Biomedia, this can be reduced or be slowed down in Biomedia in response to the formation of the vacuole of laser.)

1. a kind of for providing the device of tissue treatment, described device includes:

Field generator, the field generator are configured to generate field and apply the field to pass through a part of Biomedia；With And

Light source, the light source are configured to applying the field interval for the part of laser transfer to Biomedia.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the field generator be configured to for be applied to the field Biomedia with Movement of the free electron in the part of Biomedia is induced, and wherein, it will be described in laser transfer to Biomedia Part provides the optical breakdown to tissue granules of pigments.

3. device described in any one of -2 according to claim 1, wherein the field generator includes multiple electrodes, described more A electrode configuration is field to be provided between the multiple electrode, and wherein, the field includes electric field.

4. device according to claim 3, wherein the multiple electrode includes first electrode and second electrode, and described One electrode include be configured to contact Biomedia conductive surface, and the second electrode be configured to be relative to Biomedia Electrical isolation.

5. device described in any one of -4 according to claim 1, wherein the field generator includes magnetic coil, and wherein, The field includes magnetic field.

6. device according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the field generator includes electret, and wherein, The field includes electric field.

7. device according to claim 6, wherein the electret is transparent.

8. device described in any one of -7 according to claim 1, wherein the light source includes pulse laser.

9. device according to claim 8, wherein the light source is configured to at least pulsation rate of 1Hz and 0.5J/cm²It arrives 20J/cm²Fluence carry out transfer laser beam.

10. device according to claim 1 to 9 further includes power supply, the power configuration is to be electrically coupled to show up Generator, light source or both.

11. device according to claim 10, wherein the power configuration is provides 500 to 500,000 to field generator The voltage of volt or -500 to -500,000 volts.

12. device according to claim 10 further includes the probe for being configured couple to the power supply, wherein the spy Needle includes field generator and light source.

13. device described in any one of -12 according to claim 1, wherein the field generator is configured to removably couple To light source.

14. device according to claim 1 to 13 further includes the surface for being configured to contact the Biomedia Head device.

15. device according to claim 14, wherein the head device includes field generator.

16. device according to claim 14, wherein the head device is physically coupled to light source.

17. device according to claim 14, wherein the head device includes vacuum head, and the vacuum head is matched It is set to be connected to vacuum source and apply the part of Biomedia and aspirate, the vacuum head is configured to that light is allowed to apply Add the part that Biomedia is reached during the suction.

18. device according to claim 14, wherein the head device includes window, and light can pass through the window Reach the part of Biomedia.

19. device according to claim 18, wherein the window includes electret.

20. a kind of for providing the device of tissue treatment, described device includes:

Voltage source；And

Multiple electrodes, the multiple electrode configuration are to provide electric field between the multiple electrode；

Wherein, the voltage source is electrically connected with electrode；

Wherein, the first electrode in electrode includes the conductive surface for being configured to contact Biomedia, and the second electricity in electrode Pole is configured to not conduct electric current to Biomedia；And

Wherein, the multiple electrode configuration is to apply electric fields to a part of Biomedia, so that free electron is situated between in biology It is affected in the part of matter.

21. device according to claim 20, wherein the multiple electrode configuration is to apply electric fields to Biomedia A part, so that the partial movement of the free electron from Biomedia.

22. device according to claim 20, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide between the electrodes and arrive from+1,200 The voltage of 5,000 volts or -1,200 to -5,000 volts.

23. device according to claim 20, wherein the power configuration is provides from 500 to 500 to electrode, and 000 volt Or -500 to -500,000 volt voltage.

24. device according to claim 20, wherein the electric field is negative electric field.

25. device according to claim 20, wherein the second electrode in electrode be configured to be spaced apart with Biomedia or Person includes electrically insulating material, and the electrically insulating material is configured to reduce the electrical conduction between the second electrode and Biomedia.

26. device according to claim 20, further includes:

Vacuum head, the vacuum head are configured for connection to vacuum source；

Wherein, a part of the multiple electrode is included in the vacuum head；

Wherein, the vacuum head is configured to apply suction to the part of Biomedia；And

Wherein, the vacuum head is configured to the part for allowing light to reach Biomedia when applying suction.

27. device according to claim 26, wherein the vacuum head includes window, and light can pass through the window Reach the part of Biomedia.

28. device according to claim 26, wherein during the vacuum source that the vacuum head is configured for connection to is Entreat vacuum system.

29. device according to claim 26, wherein the vacuum head is disposable.

30. the device according to any one of claim 26-29, further includes:

Laser system is treated, the treatment laser system is configured to for laser beam to be transmitted to the institute of Biomedia by the window State part；

Wherein, the laser beam has axis；

Wherein, when applying suction by the part of the vacuum head to Biomedia, it is applied to the portion of Biomedia Axis of the electric field divided perpendicular to laser beam.

31. device according to claim 30, wherein the treatment laser system includes pulse laser.

32. device according to claim 31, wherein the treatment laser system is configured to at least pulsation rate of 1Hz And 0.5J/cm²To 20J/cm²Fluence transmit pulse laser beam.

33. device according to claim 30, in which:

The treatment laser system is configured to the part of laser transfer to Biomedia；

The multiple electrode extends from treatment laser system；And

The multiple electrode configuration is when treatment laser system is oriented the portion of the laser transfer to Biomedia Timesharing provides electric field.

34. device according to claim 20, further includes:

Magnetic coil；

Wherein, the voltage source is additionally configured to power to the magnetic coil；

Wherein, the magnetic coil is configured to induce magnetic field in the part of Biomedia when so being powered.

35. a kind of for providing the device of tissue treatment, comprising:

Electret, the electret are configured to provide for electric field；

Wherein the electret is additionally configured to position relative to Biomedia, so that electret induces electricity in Biomedia ；

Wherein, the electret is configured to for the electric field to be applied to a part of Biomedia, so that free electron is in biology It is affected in the part of medium.

36. device according to claim 35, wherein the electret is configured to apply electric fields to the one of Biomedia Part, so that free electron moves in the part of Biomedia.

37. device according to claim 35, wherein the electret is transparent.

38. the device according to any one of claim 35-37, wherein the electret is configured between Biomedia It separates or including electrically insulating material, the electrically insulating material is configured to reduce the electrical conduction between electret and Biomedia.

39. the device according to any one of claim 35-37, wherein the electret is configured to contact Biomedia.

40. the device according to any one of claim 35-37, further includes:

Laser system is treated, the treatment laser system is configured to for laser beam to be transmitted to the part of Biomedia；

Wherein, the electret is configured to that the laser beam is allowed to be transmitted through electret；

Wherein, the treatment laser system is additionally configured to by making laser beam be transmitted through electret, and laser beam is transmitted to life The part of object medium.

41. device according to claim 40, wherein the treatment laser system is configured to at least pulsation rate of 1Hz And 0.5J/cm²To 20J/cm²Fluence transfer laser beam.

42. a kind of method, comprising:

Actuating electric field generates system to be applied across the electric field of a part of Biomedia；And

By the part of laser transfer to Biomedia.

43. according to the method for claim 42, wherein it includes electret that the electric field, which generates system,.

44. according to the method for claim 42, wherein the electric field applied between multiple electrodes is negative electric field.

45. according to the method for claim 42, wherein the electric field applied between multiple electrodes is positive electric field.

46. a kind of method, comprising:

Actuation fields generator is to generate field；

Apply the field to pass through a part of Biomedia；And

Applying the field interval, by the part of the laser transfer from light source to Biomedia.

47. according to the method for claim 46, further includes:

Before actuation fields generator, field generator and Biomedia are adjacently located at first position；And

Before transfer laser, the part positioned light source relative to Biomedia is with by the laser transfer to the portion Point.

48. the method according to any one of claim 46-47, wherein applying the field includes making free electron in life It is moved in the part of object medium.

49. the method according to any one of claim 46-48 further includes providing to hit the optics of tissue granules of pigments It wears.

50. the method according to any one of claim 46-49, further includes:

Vacuum head is arranged to contact with the surface of Biomedia；And

To the vacuum head apply negative pressure so that Biomedia it is at least described partially stabilized, wherein in laser transfer to institute During stating part, make at least described partially stabilized of Biomedia.

51. the method according to any one of claim 46-50, further includes after transfer laser:

Field generator and Biomedia are adjacently located to the second place；

Another part positioned light source relative to Biomedia；

The field generator is activated to generate another field；

Apply another field to pass through described another part of Biomedia；And

Applying another field interval, additional laser is transmitted to described another part of Biomedia from the light source.

52. a kind of method, comprising:

The vacuum head of multiple electrodes comprising contacting with the surface of Biomedia is set, wherein the multiple electrode is to each other It separates, the first electrode in electrode includes the conductive surface for contacting Biomedia, and the second electrode in electrode is configured to not Electric current is conducted to Biomedia；

Apply negative pressure to the vacuum head so that Biomedia is stablized；

Apply potential between the multiple electrode to generate electric field in Biomedia；And

By laser transfer to Biomedia at point between the multiple electrode.

53. method according to claim 52, wherein be spaced apart the second electrode in electrode with Biomedia, or logical It crosses electrically insulating material and separates it with Biomedia.

54. a kind of method, comprising:

Multiple electrodes are arranged in surface relative to Biomedia, so that electrode is separated from each other, the first electrode in electrode is led Ammeter face contact Biomedia, and the second electrode in electrode is configured to not conduct electric current to Biomedia；

Apply potential between the multiple electrode to generate electric field in Biomedia；And

By laser transfer to Biomedia at point between the multiple electrode.

55. method according to claim 54, wherein be spaced apart the second electrode in electrode with Biomedia, or logical It crosses electrically insulating material and separates it with Biomedia.

56. the method according to any one of claim 52-55, wherein described in applying between the multiple electrode Potential is negative potential.

57. the method according to claim 52 or 54, wherein the potential applied between the multiple electrode is positive Potential.

58. the method according to claim 52 or 54, wherein the laser transmitted in the space between the multiple electrode Beam is pulse laser beam.

59. method according to claim 58, wherein the pulse laser beam has at least pulsation rate of 1Hz and 3.5J/ cm²To 9J/cm²Fluence.

60. method according to claim 58, wherein the pulse laser beam has at least pulsation rate of 1Hz and 0.5J/ cm²To 20J/cm²Fluence.

61. the method according to any one of claim 59-60, wherein transmit the pulse in the 1cm of active electrode Laser beam.

Technical field

The disclosure relates generally to the therapeutical uses of laser.More specifically, but without limitation, this disclosure relates to use field The systems, devices and methods of (such as electric field, magnetic field or both), selectively to generate laser induced optical in Biomedia Puncture (LIOB).

Background technique

High power pulsed laser has been used to certain treatments for many years.Under medical ground, " laser " is commonly used to refer to use In the coherent source for handling or removing tissue.Pulse laser treatment example include Laser vein removal, laser hair removal and Laser is tatooed removal.These treatment each of be usually directed to by laser aiming Biomedia and by laser (for example, " laser Beam " or " laser ") pulse is into Biomedia, and at the Biomedia, light beam or light are by the absorbability target in Biomedia It absorbs, which is, for example, vein, hair follicle or granules of pigments of tatooing.For example, using the light of appropriate wavelength, pulse laser (LIOB) can be punctured due to laser induced optical to be caused to tatoo in corium the ablation of particles of ink, is faded so as to cause tatooing. In other treatments (such as dermostenosis) based on laser, Biomedia sheet is as absorbability target.When absorbability target exists When in non-transparent medium (such as tissue), ablation granules of pigments is imitated compared with the ablation granules of pigments in transparent medium (such as water) Rate is lower.

Laser induced optical breakdown (LIOB) be as high laser fluence beam in the medium caused by the catastrophic of damage develop, It causes electron avalanche (for example, constructing free carrier within the relatively short time) and plasma to be formed.This effect is High-energy is accelerated to based on free electron, which causes the collision with other atoms or molecule and cause secondary freely to carry Stream.In order to illustrate for starting from Biomedia certainly to the LIOB process for removing relevant granules of pigments ablation of tatooing The a small amount of free electron so generated, or come from the ionization of induced with laser (multi-photon) or path (i.e. thermion is caused by heat Transmitting) generate free electron.If these electronics can be obtained from laser beam these electronics can ionized atom institute it is enough Energy, then electron avalanche can develop, and lead to collision increase and the further removing of ion and electronics.Repeating the process can Lead to the Rapid Accumulation of free electron.Therefore, " cascade ionization " or " electron avalanche " cause near pigment particle surface Form plasma plume.

When the level that ionization and plasma are formed becomes discernable, the laser energy of entrance can easily by from Free-free transition in subfield is absorbed by the free electron in plasma plume.This absorption causes plasma Acutely therefore heating simultaneously causes plasma plume rapid expanding in the form of shock wave.Therefore, it is seen that photon release occur and Acutely heating causes the formation of one or more vacuoles adjacent with granules of pigments (for example, steam cavitation bubble).Plasma Body feathers stream can be formed in nano-seconds, and vacuole (such as corium vacuole) formation soon after.If vacuole is enough Greatly, then vacuole can result in laser attenuation and scattering (laser shielding), and each of laser attenuation and scattering can be based on Lead to the loss of laser efficiency during the treatment of laser.

The United States Patent (USP) of Patent No. 5,149,406, which is described, is present in transparent, non-conductive gaseous medium by being quenched (such as SF₆Environment) in free electron inhibit LIOB event.However, from transparent, non-conductive gaseous medium is different, biology Medium be it is conductive provide the quenching to free electron to obtain sufficiently high voltage, this will be needed will be dangerous for patient Levels of current.In addition, it is considered infeasible that free electron is quenched in Biomedia, because it had been thought that being situated between in conduction Electric field cannot be generated in matter, i.e., in the absence of an electric field, will not have electromotive force on free electron.

With reference to Figure 1A -1C, the illustrated examples of the Biomedia by conventional pulsed laser treatment processing are shown.Figure 1A The histology picture at position of tatooing after laser treatment is depicted with each of Figure 1B.Specifically, Figure 1A is shown in laser The living tissue detection for the dermal tissue that processing carries out in one minute, and Figure 1B is shown in 9.0J/cm²In the case where fluence The living tissue of the dermal tissue carried out at once after the processing of reason detects.Fig. 1 C is depicted from the nanosecond laser processing tatooed The example of " albefaction ".

With reference to Figure 1A and Figure 1B, histology picture is shown due to can be in biology by LIOB caused by pulse laser The example of the vacuole (for example, corium vacuole) formed in medium.For example, when using the absorption in pulse laser influence Biomedia Property target (such as pigment agglomerates 104 of tatooing in dermal tissue) when, LIOB event can result in be formed at least two difference The vacuole of type, at least two different types of vacuole can be characterized by them in the position of intradermal.Inhomogeneity The vacuole of type can include " particle vacuole " 100 and " long-range vacuole " 102.

Laser pulse into pigment agglomerates 104 of tatooing (for example, absorbability target) can be in pigment agglomerates 104 Surface generates LIOB event.LIOB event causes the ablation to absorbability target to damage and cause vapour cavity --- i.e. " Grain vacuole " 100 --- formation, the vapour cavity is positioned to and absorbability target on the side of pulsed laser source Close to.Particle vacuole 100 is usually big, asymmetrically shape and usually seems adjacent with granules of pigments.In addition to particle Except vacuole 100, additional vacuole --- being referred to as " long-range vacuole " 102 --- can be in separate or deviation granules of pigments life It is formed in object medium (for example, corium, fat, muscle etc.), so that long-range vacuole 102 seems not direct and pigment particle surface It is associated.Long-range vacuole 102 is usually smaller and can appear more like spherical shape than particle vacuole 100.

It should be noted that although being based on laser in the Biomedia for not having absorbability target (for example, granules of pigments) Treatment do not generate long-range vacuole 102 usually, but when in Biomedia there are when absorbability target (for example, granules of pigments), Long-range vacuole 102 can be generated.In order to illustrate, the LIOB event of pigment particle surface potentially act as medium (for example, corium, Fat, muscle etc.) in free electron source.When pulse laser photon and free electron interact, long-range 102 energy of vacuole It is enough to be formed, lead to the snowslide cascade of free electron and the formation of plasma bubbles, the formation of the plasma bubbles causes The generation of steam and the generation for therefore leading to long-range vacuole 102.

With reference to Fig. 1 C, the example tatooed by the black of pulse laser processing is shown.The ablation of granules of pigments by The LIOB event of pigment particle surface causes, and which results in the generation of skin mesocuticle and corium vacuole (i.e. " albefactions ").

Both particle vacuole 100 and long-range vacuole 102 cause the laser of absorbability target shield, result in laser attenuation with Scattering, laser attenuation and scattering cause the laser efficiency for absorbability target to reduce.Therefore, because vacuole (such as it is long-range empty 120), the initial laser energy of only certain percentage reaches its target to bubble, and attempts after repeating whitening at once It is invalid for tatooing and carrying out pulse laser processing.The soak time that vacuole enters surrounding tissue can be spent from a few minutes to several small When differ.In addition, the LIOB event occurred in Biomedia has high-destruction to the eucaryotic cell structure of surrounding.For example, right In the treatment site of Biomedia and the release of surrounding cell heat and shock wave damage can result in gangrenosum acne blood vessel Inflammation, this causes significant collagen damage in 24-48 hours after laser treatment to scab with epidermis in turn.To attempt to offset this damage, The laser fluence during processing stage can be reduced or be limited in, it reduce the overall effectiveness of processing.In the laser treatment stage Between without the significant time of having a rest to allow vacuole to be substantially absorbed into the surrounding tissues and/or allow to damage (such as epidermis knot from skin Scar) restore in the case where, to tatoo skin carry out repetition pulse laser treatment be invalid.Further, since based on laser The vacuole formed during (such as tatooing the removal stage) is treated, practitioner is difficult to from Biomedia during single processing stage Privileged site realize maximum desired therapeutic effect and/or provide repetition pulse laser treatment to the privileged site.Therefore, by In the presence of these laser shielding vacuole, it is not usually feasible that laser therapy is completed in single processing stage.

Summary of the invention

The disclosure includes hitting for providing selective laser induced optical in Biomedia (such as conductive biological medium) Wear the method, apparatus of (LIOB) and the example of system.For example, LIOB may be used as a part of tissue treatment, for example, with line Body removes associated beauty therapeutic, and wherein LIOB is for the absorbability target (for example, granules of pigments of tatooing) in Biomedia. During tissue treatment, such as the field of electrostatic field (for example, high voltage with minimum current) is applied to Biomedia or in life It is generated in object medium, to inhibit the LIOB of Biomedia itself while allowing selectivity LIOB at absorbability target.Example Such as, field can inhibit the formation of long-range vacuole while allowing particle vacuolization associated with pigment agglomerates.In order to Illustrate, when with pulse laser processing tatoo position when, the ablation of granules of pigments causes the conductive condition of corium to become unstable, makes Proper when field (for example, electrostatic field) is applied to corium, internal emf is for keeping free electron mobile.Free electron can be from Laser pulse path is mobile (for example, dispersion), to reduce the concentration of free electron and therefore allow particle vacuolization While inhibit distal end vacuolization.

Compared with the routine techniques for applying pulse laser in the case where not applied field (for example, electrostatic field), this method, device The formation of long-range vacuole therefore can be reduced and/or limited with system.Therefore, with the routine techniques phase when not having applied field Than the laser efficiency when applied field for absorbability target is higher.Because the application of field reduces and/or limits long-range sky The formation of bubble, so can quickly continuously and effectively, and/or in the cell knot not to surrounding to the tattooed areas through albefaction Structure has a negative impact in the case where ground, executes the laser treatment on identical processing region.Furthermore, it is not necessary that reducing or limiting Bigger expectation is realized in laser fluence during processing stage processed, this permission compared with routine techniques during single processing stage Therapeutic effect.By having a more effective processing stage compared with routine techniques, patient be subjected to the processing of less sum from And it experiences and less does not accommodate the shorter processing duration.

In some embodiments, the laser induced optical breakdown of the selectivity in conductive biological medium aims at conductive biological and is situated between Absorbability target in matter.In some embodiments, electric field is generated in Biomedia to allow to select at absorbability target While the laser induced optical breakdown of selecting property, inhibit the laser induced optical breakdown of Biomedia itself.With high voltage and The voltage source of low current, which is capable of providing, to be enough to use in conductive biological medium selectively to provide the electrostatic field of LIOB.

If dielectric (or insulator) film is arranged between the positive plate of voltage source and negative plate, between these insulating films With conducting medium (for example, salt water), then will there is no electric field in conducting medium.In the polarization of charge in dielectric material generates Portion's electric field, which reduce the entire fields in dielectric film itself for the internal electric field.Therefore, the conducting medium between dielectric cover plate In be not present electric field.However, if conducting medium includes complex mixture --- the such as skin of dielectric and polar molecule Biomedia --- and further disturbed by high energy source (such as laser) to generating free electron, ion and plasma Body, then conducting medium electrically becomes a part of dielectric insulator above voltage plate.In this scene, it can induce Electric field is to cause enough electromotive force so that free electron moves in Biomedia.

Under conditions of normal, stable, Biomedia is usually conductive.When being arranged in electrostatic field, conduction is situated between Matter should not generate any internal electric field.Therefore, in the absence of an electric field, there is no for making free electron in Biomedia The electromotive force of interior movement.However, conductive biological medium can be generated briefly for making free electricity when with pulse laser processing The internal emf that son moves in Biomedia.This is because when with laser treatment, Biomedia it is normal, stable Condition becomes unstable.Since the disturbance in the cell in laser pulse Biomedia leads to the local interference of ionic conductivity. Therefore, conducting medium plays the role of similar dielectric material within the of short duration period.This allows for electrostatic field in Biomedia Electric field is inside briefly induced, so that free electron is influenced by the electromotive force in Biomedia.

In some embodiments, the system for selectively providing LIOB includes field generator, this generator is matched It is set to and generates field and apply this to pass through a part of Biomedia.Field generator may include multiple electrodes, magnetic coil, stay Polar body or combinations thereof.System further includes light source, such as pulse laser (for example, QS laser), the light source are configured to applying Field interval is by the part of laser transfer to Biomedia.Field, which is applied to Biomedia, can induce the part of Biomedia The movement of interior free electron, this can be reduced or be slowed down in Biomedia in response to the formation of the vacuole of laser.

In one aspect, light source and field generator can integrate in individual equipment.In some embodiments, midfield Generator is configured to be removably coupled to light source.On the other hand, light source is between at least two insulating electrodes to laser beam Pulse is carried out, at least two insulating electrode is a part of ancillary equipment (for example, field generator).In each laser pulse High voltage (1kV to 5kV) is arranged between the electrodes to generate electrostatic field at treatment site in period.Due to this, in particle The free electron being emitted in corium during LIOB event can quickly be cleared away from laser beam path.The removal of the free electron has Help the laser ablation for preventing the initiation of corium LIOB without influencing granules of pigments.Therefore, long-range vacuole and adjoint corium damage It ruins and substantially reduces.

In some embodiments, system further includes head device.Head device is configurable to contact Biomedia Surface.In some embodiments, head device includes field generator and/or is physically coupled to light source.Additionally or substitute Ground, head device may be configured to Biomedia a part apply suction vacuum head, (light can pass through window The window reaches Biomedia) or both.

Some embodiments (for example, for providing cosmetic tissue treatment) of the present apparatus include: to be configured to generate field and apply Add this to pass through the field generator of a part of Biomedia；And it is configured to laser transfer to biology during applied field The light source of the part of medium.In some such embodiments, field generator is configured to field being applied to Biomedia Induce movement of the free electron in the part of Biomedia, and by laser transfer to Biomedia this part provides right The optical breakdown of granules of pigments.

In some embodiments, field generator includes the multiple electrodes for being configured to the offer field between multiple electrodes, and Wherein the field includes electric field.In some such embodiments, the multiple electrode includes first electrode and second electrode, institute Stating first electrode includes the conductive surface for being configured to contact Biomedia, and second electrode configuration is relative to Biomedia For electrical isolation.Additionally or alternatively, field generator includes magnetic coil, and field includes magnetic field.Additionally or alternatively, field Generator includes electret, and field includes electric field.In a particular embodiment, electret is transparent.

In some embodiments, light source includes pulse laser.In some such embodiments, light source be configured to so that The pulsation rate and 0.5J/cm of few 1Hz²To 20J/cm²Fluence transfer laser beam.In embodiment as other, light source configuration For at least pulsation rate of 1Hz and 3.5J/cm²To 9J/cm²Fluence transfer laser beam.

In some embodiments, the present apparatus further includes power supply, which is to be electrically coupled generator of showing up, light source or two Person.Power supply is configurable to provide the voltage of 500 to 500,000 volts or -500 to -500,000 volts to field generator.At other In embodiment, power supply be configurable to field generator provide 1,200 to 5,000 volt or -1,200 to -5,000 volt of electricity Pressure.Additionally or alternatively, the present apparatus further includes the probe for being configured couple to power supply, and middle probe includes field generator and light Source.In some embodiments, midfield generator is configured to be removably coupled to light source.

In some embodiments, the present apparatus further includes the head device for being configured to the surface of contact Biomedia.Some In such embodiment, head device includes the field generator for being physically coupled to light source, and head device includes that light can pass through The window of its part for reaching Biomedia, or combinations thereof.In the embodiment that head device includes window, window may include Electret.Additionally or alternatively, head device includes vacuum head, which is configured for connection to vacuum source and right The part of Biomedia applies suction, and vacuum head is configured to the part for allowing light to reach Biomedia during applying suction.

Some embodiments (for example, for providing tissue treatment) of the present apparatus include: voltage source；And multiple electrodes, it should Multiple electrodes are configured to provide electric field on the multiple electrode；Wherein voltage source is electrically connected with electrode；Wherein in electrode One electrode includes that the conductive surface for being configured to contact Biomedia and the second electrode in electrode are configured to not to Biomedia Conduct electric current；And wherein the multiple electrode configuration is to apply electric fields to a part of Biomedia, so that free electron It is affected in the part of Biomedia.In some embodiments, the multiple electrode configuration is to apply electric fields to life A part of object medium, so that free electron moves in the part of Biomedia.In some embodiments, electric field is negative electricity .In some embodiments, the second electrode in electrode is spaced apart with Biomedia, or including being configured to prevent second electrode The electrically insulating material of electrical conduction between Biomedia.

Some embodiments of the present apparatus further include: be configured for connection to the vacuum head of vacuum source；Wherein the multiple electricity Pole is included in vacuum head；Wherein vacuum head is configured to apply suction to the part of Biomedia；And wherein vacuum head Portion is configured to the part for allowing light to reach Biomedia when applying suction.In some embodiments, vacuum head includes window Mouthful, light can pass through the part that the window reaches Biomedia.In some embodiments, vacuum head is configured for connection to Vacuum source is central vacuum system.In some embodiments, vacuum head is disposable.

Some embodiments of the present apparatus further include: treatment laser system, the treatment laser system are configured to lead to laser beam Cross the part that window is transmitted to Biomedia；Wherein laser beam has axis；And wherein when by vacuum head to Biomedia Part apply suction when, be applied to axis of the electric field perpendicular to laser beam of the part of Biomedia.In some embodiments, it controls Treating laser system includes pulse laser.In some embodiments, treatment laser system is configured to for laser transfer being situated between to biology The part of matter；The multiple electrode extends from treatment laser system；And the multiple electrode configuration is in treatment laser system It is oriented to provide electric field when the part by laser transfer to Biomedia.

Some embodiments of the present apparatus further include: magnetic coil；Wherein voltage source is additionally configured to power to magnetic coil；And its Middle magnetic coil is configured to induce magnetic field in the part of Biomedia when so being powered.

Some embodiment replacements/of this system or other than electrode and voltage source use electret to provide electric field.It is some Such embodiment includes: the electret for being configured to provide for electric field；Wherein electret is configured to apply electric fields to Biomedia A part so that free electron is affected in the part of Biomedia.In some embodiments, electret is configured to A part of Biomedia is applied electric fields to, so that free electron moves in the part of Biomedia.In order to illustrate work For illustrative, non-limiting example, free electron can be removed from the part of Biomedia.In some embodiments, Electret is transparent.In some embodiments, electret is configured to be spaced apart with Biomedia, or including the material that is electrically insulated Material, the electrically insulating material are configured to prevent the electrical conduction between electret and Biomedia.In some embodiments, electret is matched It is set to contact biomaterial.Some embodiments further include: the treatment for being configured to for laser beam being transmitted to the part of Biomedia swashs Photosystem；Wherein electret is configured to that laser beam is allowed to be transmitted through electret；And wherein treatment laser system is additionally configured to By making laser beam be transmitted through electret, laser beam is transmitted to the part of Biomedia.

Some embodiments of this method include: that actuating electric field generates system to be applied across the electricity of a part of Biomedia ；And by the part of laser transfer to Biomedia.In some embodiments, it includes electret that electric field, which generates system,.In In some embodiments, the electric field applied between multiple electrodes is negative electric field.In some embodiments, it is applied between multiple electrodes The electric field added is positive electric field.

Some embodiments of this method include: actuation fields generator to generate field；Apply this to pass through Biomedia A part；And during applied field, by the part of the laser transfer from light source to Biomedia.In some such realities It applies in example, applied field includes moving free electron in the part of Biomedia.Additionally or alternatively, this method can be with Including before actuation fields generator, field generator and Biomedia are adjacently located at first position；Also, it is passing Before passing laser, the part positioned light source relative to Biomedia is with by laser transfer to the part.

In some embodiments, this method further includes the optical breakdown provided to tissue granules of pigments.Additionally or substitute Ground, this method can also include that setting vacuum head is contacted with the surface of Biomedia；And to vacuum head apply negative pressure with Make Biomedia at least this is partially stabilized, wherein in laser transfer at least part for during the part, making Biomedia Stablize.

In some embodiments, this method further includes after transmitting laser: field generator is adjacent to Biomedia It is located in the second place；Another part positioned light source relative to Biomedia；Actuation fields generator is to generate another field；It applies Add another field to pass through another part of Biomedia；And applying another field interval, additional laser is transmitted from light source To another part of Biomedia.

Some embodiments of this method include: that setting includes the vacuum head of the multiple electrodes contacted with the surface of Biomedia Portion, wherein the multiple electrode is separated from each other, the first electrode in electrode includes the conductive surface for contacting Biomedia, and Second electrode in electrode is configured to not conduct electric current to Biomedia；Apply negative pressure so that Biomedia is steady to vacuum head It is fixed；Apply potential between the multiple electrode to generate electric field in Biomedia；And between the multiple electrode By laser transfer to Biomedia at point.In some embodiments, the second electrode in electrode is spaced apart with Biomedia, or It is separated with Biomedia by electrically insulating material.

Some embodiments of this method include: the surface setting multiple electrodes relative to Biomedia, so that electrode is each other Be spaced apart, the conductive surface of the first electrode in electrode contacts Biomedia, and the second electrode in electrode be configured to not to Biomedia conducts electric current；Apply potential between the multiple electrode to generate electric field in Biomedia；And described By laser transfer to Biomedia at point between multiple electrodes.In some embodiments, by the second electrode and life in electrode Object dielectric distance is opened, or is separated it with Biomedia by electrically insulating material.In some embodiments, in the multiple electrode Between the potential that applies be negative potential.In some embodiments, the potential applied between the multiple electrode is positive potential.In In some embodiments, the laser beam transmitted in the space between the multiple electrode is pulse laser beam.

As it is used herein, various terms are only used for description particular implementation, it is no intended to limit embodiment.Example Such as, as it is used herein, for modify element (such as structure, component, operation etc.) ordinal term (for example, " first ", " second ", " third " etc.) itself does not indicate any priority or sequence of the element relative to another element, but only will The element distinguishes (but in order to use ordinal term) with another element with same names.Term " coupling " is limited to Connection, but be not necessarily and be directly connected to, also it is not necessarily mechanical connection；Two projects of " coupling " can be mutually unified. Unless the disclosure clearly requires otherwise, otherwise term " one " and "one" be limited to it is one or more.Such as the common skill in this field Art personnel are understood, term " substantially " be limited to specified content mostly but be not necessarily fully (and to wrap Include specified content；For example, substantially 90 degree include 90 degree, substantially parallel includes parallel).In any disclosed embodiment In, term " substantially ", " approximatively " and " about " can be replaced with specified content " ... in [percentage] ", wherein percentage Than including percent 0.1,1,5 and 10.Phrase "and/or" indicate and/or.In order to illustrate A, B and/or C include: individual A, list Only B, the combination of individual C, A and B, the combination of A and C, the combination of B and C or the combination of A, B and C.In other words, "and/or" is made For inclusiveness or.In the disclosed embodiment, term " adjacent " is typically defined to be positioned to and near pulse laser Side on absorbability target close to.

Term " includes " (and it is any type of include, such as " including (comprises) " and " including (comprising) "), " have " (and it is any type of have, such as " with (has) " and " have (having) "), " packet Containing " (and it is any type of include, such as " include (includes) " and " comprising (including) ") and " containing " it is (and any Form contains, such as " containing (contains) " and " containing (containing) ") it is open connection verb.Therefore, " packet Include ", " having ", "comprising" or " containing " one or more elements system or device possess those one or more members Element, but be not limited to only possess those elements.Equally, " comprising ", " having ", "comprising" or " containing " one or more steps Method possesses those one or more steps, but is not limited to only possess those one or more steps.

In system described herein, device and method any one can by or substantially by described step, element And/or any one of feature composition --- rather than including/have/comprising/containing described step, element and/or Any one of feature.Therefore, in any one claim, term " consist of " or " substantially by ... form " Above-mentioned any open connection verb can be replaced, to change given the scope of the claims, otherwise it will be used open Connect verb.Further, it is understood that term " wherein " can with " wherein " be used interchangeably.

In addition, the equipment configured in some way, system or structure (for example, component of device) are at least matched in this way Set, but the equipment, system or structure can also other than in a manner of the specific descriptions other modes configuration.Unless Clearly forbidden by the property of the disclosure or embodiment, even if otherwise not describing or illustrating, one embodiment it is one or more A feature can be applied to other embodiments.

The foregoing describe some details associated with embodiment, and other details are described below.The not disclosure All embodiments all include the one or more of described aspect.After checking entire application, other realities of the disclosure Applying mode, advantage, aspect and feature will become obvious, including following part: Detailed description of the invention, specific embodiment and right Claim.

Detailed description of the invention

The following drawings is by example and unrestricted mode is shown.For brevity and clarity, each of structure is given Feature is not always to mark in each figure for the structure occur.Identical appended drawing reference not necessarily indicates identical structure.And It is that identical appended drawing reference can be used to indicate that similar feature or the feature with similar functions, different appended drawing reference It can also be such.Attached drawing is (unless otherwise indicated) drawn to scale, it is meant that at least for embodiment discribed in attached drawing, institute The size of the element of description is accurate relative to each other.

Figure 1A and Figure 1B shows the histology picture of the corium of tatooing through laser treatment, illustrates particle vacuole and long-range Vacuole.

Fig. 1 C is the photo due to albefaction of the nanosecond laser processing from epidermis and corium vacuolization tatooed.

Fig. 2 depicts the exemplary block diagram of the system of a part for handling Biomedia.

Fig. 3 is depicted including multiple electrodes and is configured to selectively provide the absorbability target in Biomedia The exemplary block diagram of the device of LIOB.

Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B (difference) are depicted for selectively providing LIOB's to the absorbability target in Biomedia The exemplary exploded isometric view of the first of the vacuum head of device and isometric view.

Fig. 4 C is the vacuum head for selectively providing the absorbability target in Biomedia the device of LIOB Second exemplary photo.

Fig. 5 is depicted including magnetic coil and is configured to selectively provide LIOB to the absorbability target in Biomedia Device exemplary block diagram.

Fig. 6 A is depicted including multiple electrodes and laser tip and is configured to selectively to the absorption in Biomedia Property target provide LIOB device the first exemplary isometric view.

Fig. 6 B is depicted including multiple electrodes and laser tip and is configured to selectively to the absorption in Biomedia Property target provide LIOB device the second exemplary isometric view.

Fig. 7 is depicted including magnetoelectret and is configured to selectively provide the absorbability target in Biomedia The exemplary block diagram of the device of LIOB.

Fig. 8 is to include multiple insulating electrodes and be configured to selectively provide the absorbability target in Biomedia The exemplary photo of the device of LIOB.

Fig. 9 is the illustrated examples for selectively providing the absorbability target in Biomedia the method for LIOB Flow chart.

Figure 10 is for using vacuum head selectively to provide the side of LIOB to the absorbability target in Biomedia The flow chart of the illustrated examples of method.

Figure 11 depicts the figure about the experimental data for using electric field in the treatment based on laser.

Figure 12 depicts the histology picture of the non-corium of tatooing through laser treatment, shows no vacuolization.

Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B depict the histology picture of the corium of tatooing handled through " only laser ".

Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B depict the histology picture of the corium of tatooing handled through " laser+EF (+) ".

Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B depict the histology picture of the corium of tatooing handled through " laser+EF (-) ".

Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B depict the histology picture at two days positions of tatooing after use " laser+EF (-) " is handled.

Figure 17 is the experimental data for describing the corium vacuolization about induced with laser and the relationship between dermal lesions Figure.

Figure 18 A and Figure 18 B, which are depicted, to be shown for the corium vacuolization at the position of tatooing of only laser treatment and corium damage The histology picture of wound.

Figure 19A and Figure 19B depicts corium vacuolization and the corium shown for the position of tatooing through EFE laser treatment The histology picture of damage.

Figure 20 is the experimental data for describing the corium vacuolization about induced with laser and the relationship between fading of tatooing Figure.

Figure 21 is to depict using EFE laser and the only experimental data after laser treatment, about the counting of corium vacuole Scatter plot.

Figure 22 is to depict using EFE laser and the only experimental data after laser treatment, about dermal lesions scoring Scatter plot.

Figure 23 A be depict about through EFE laser and only between the position of tatooing of laser treatment at 8 weeks when tatoo and take off The figure of the experimental data of color percentage.

Figure 23 B and Figure 23 C are for using EFE laser treatment and the representativeness of only laser treatment being used to tatoo position As a result exemplary photo.

Specific embodiment

With reference to Fig. 2, the example of the system for selectively providing laser induced optical breakdown (LIOB) is described.Example Such as, system be configurable in conductive biological medium provide selectivity LIOB, such as Biomedia 204 (for example, skin with/ Or tissue) in target 206 (for example, absorbability target).In some embodiments, a part (example of Biomedia 204 Such as, target 206) it include pigment agglomerates of tatooing.For example, LIOB may be used as a part of tissue treatment, for example, with tatoo Except associated beauty therapeutic.

System includes light source 208 and field generator 212.Light source 208 is configured to generate treatment light 224 and by 224 (example of light Such as, treat light) at least part be transmitted to Biomedia 204.In order to illustrate, illustratively, non-limiting example, light Source 208 includes being configured to the treatment laser system of the target 206 of laser transfer to Biomedia 204.Light source 208 may include Pulse laser, such as Q- switch (QS) laser.For example, in some embodiments, light source 208 can include short pulse, High fluence laser, such as nanosecond 1064nm Q- switch Nd:YAG laser or picosecond laser.In order to illustrate as explanation Property, non-limiting example, light source 208 are configurable to at least 1 hertz (Hz) of pulsation rate and 3.5J/cm²To 9J/cm²'s Fluence transmits light 224 (for example, laser beam).In other embodiments, pulsation rate can be more than or less than 1Hz.For example, pulse Rate can be 1-10Hz, or can be greater than 10Hz.Additionally or alternatively, fluence can be less than 3.5J/cm²Or it is greater than 9J/ cm².In specific embodiment, fluence can be 0.5J/cm²To 20J/cm²。

Field generator 212 is configured to generate the field 228 for being applied to Biomedia 204, such as electrostatic field.In some embodiment party In formula, field 228 includes electric field, magnetic field or both.Be applied to Biomedia 204 field 228 can cause in target 206 from It is affected by electronics (such as representative free electron 232), so that free electron (such as 232) is vacated or otherwise From 206 call away to of target.In order to illustrate the application of field 228 can repel free electron (such as 232) far from Biomedia 204 A part (including pigment agglomerates of tatooing), a part of the Biomedia is aimed to receive light 224.Field generator 212 It is configurable to provide field 228 when light source 208 (for example, treatment laser system) is positioned to light 224 being transmitted to target 206. For example, field generator 212 is configurable to field 228 before, during and/or after light 224 is applied to Biomedia 204 It is applied to Biomedia 204.In some embodiments, the intensity for changing field 228 to apply more during the transmitting of light 224 The period of big intensity.

Field generator 212 may include multiple electrodes, magnetic coil, electret or combinations thereof.For example, as at least with reference to Fig. 2, Described by Fig. 3, Fig. 4 A to 4C, field generator 212 may include multiple electrodes, multiple electrode configuration be multiple electrode it Between field is provided.As another example, as at least referred to described by Fig. 5, field generator 212 may include magnetic coil.As another One example, such as at least with reference to as illustrated in figure 7, field generator 212 may include electret.

During the operation of the system of Fig. 2, treatment processing is executed on Biomedia 204.For example, treatment processing can wrap Cosmetic treatments are included, such as removal processing of tatooing, in removal processing of tatooing, executing laser ablation at least partly to remove includes Pigment of tatooing in target 206.

Generator 212 is positioned adjacent to (for example, close to) Biomedia 204.For example, field generator 212 can position It contacts at at least part of Biomedia 204, such as is contacted with the part at target 206 or near it.Light source 208 is fixed Position is transmitted to target 206 at by light 224 (for example, laser).

Field generator 212 (such as field generation system) is activated to be applied across the field of the target 206 of Biomedia 204 228.E.g., including the field generator system of field generator 212 can be turned on, and field generator can be in response to being supplied to The electric power of generator 212 generates field 228.

During field 228 is applied to target 206, light source 208 generates light 224, and a part of the light is provided to mesh Mark 206.The part of light 224 can cause LIOB event at the surface of pigment agglomerates (being included in target 206).LIOB Event, which can result in, to be damaged the ablation of target 206 and results in and the pigment agglomeration on the side of close to sources 208 Particle vacuole (such as 100) of the object close to positioning.

Before light 224 is transmitted to target 206 and/or Biomedia 204 is exerted one's influence at least in period, field 228 Free electron in a part of (that is, target 206).For example, free electron (for example, 232) can be moved, be gone in response to field 228 It removes, clear away or otherwise from 206 call away to of target.Due to field 228, the free electron being emitted into Biomedia 204 (for example, 232) are removed from the light path of light 224.In order to illustrate being emitted into Biomedia 204 during particle LIOB event Corium in free electron (for example, 232) be based on field 228 cleared away from (light source 208) laser beam path.The free electron The removal of (for example, 232) facilitates to prevent corium in the case where that will not have an adverse effect to the laser ablation of granules of pigments The initiation of LIOB.Therefore, compared with the conventional laser processing without using (or application) field to the target area of Biomedia, remotely Vacuole and adjoint corium damage significant reduction.

In some embodiments, system optionally includes head device 236.Head device 236 is configurable to contact Biomedia 204 come help positioned light source 208 (for example, by make skin stabilization, positioning and/or orientation skin).For example, head Equipment 236 may be positioned such that the surface of the neighbouring Biomedia 204 including target 206 or contact with the surface, so that surface is just Hand over (for example, vertical) in the longitudinal axis for the light 224 for being applied to target 206.As with reference to described by Fig. 4 A-4C, head device 236 can To include vacuum head, which is configured to apply suction to a part of Biomedia 204.In this embodiment In, head device 236 may be coupled to suction system.Additionally or alternatively, head device 236 may include window 406, light 224, which can pass through the window 406, reaches target 206.Head device 236 may be coupled to a generator 212, light source 208 or two Person, or it is integrated with field generator 212, light source 208 or both.For example, as at least referred to described by Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, field generator 212 may be incorporated in a part of head device 236.

In some embodiments, system may include power supply (not shown), such as voltage source.Power supply may be coupled to light Source 208, field generator 212, head device 236 or combinations thereof.In order to illustrate, power supply be configurable to power to light source 208 with Generate light 224.Additionally or alternatively, power supply is configurable to provide such as high voltage and low current to field generator 212 Electric power, so that field generator 212 can generate field 228 (for example, electrostatic field).In order to illustrate illustratively, non-limiting Example, voltage source are configurable to provide to field generator from+1,200 to+5,000 volt or -1,200 to -5,000 volt of electricity Pressure.Additionally or alternatively, power supply can be to the power supply of head device 236 so that one or more vacuum of head device 236 Component can operate.

In some embodiments, as with reference to described by Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, field generator 212 and light source 208 are incorporated into In individual equipment, such as probe.For example, individual equipment also refers to " field enhancing laser " or " electric-field enhancing laser " (" EFE laser ").Field enhancing laser configurations are selectively to provide in the absorbability target in Biomedia 204 LIOB.In order to illustrate illustratively, non-limiting example, field enhancing laser may include QS- laser and locate It manages and the field generator 212 of field (such as high-voltage electrostatic field) is provided at position (for example, target 206).In other embodiments, field Generator 212 is configured to be removably coupled to light source 208.For example, being passed during treatment processing (for example, cosmetic treatments) Before and during passing light 224, field generator 212 may be coupled to light source 208.After treatment processing, field generator 212 can be with It is decoupled from light source 208.

Therefore, compared with the routine techniques for applying pulse laser in the case where not applied field (for example, electrostatic field), Fig. 2 System advantageously provide reduction and/or limited long-range vacuolization.For example, field 228 can cause free electron (example Such as, 232) from the transfer of the laser path of light 224, and reduce free electron in Biomedia 204 critical density it is tired Product, the accumulation of the critical density of the free electron can cause LIOB associated with long-range vacuole (for example, 102) and cause Shielding to light 224.Therefore, compared with routine techniques when no applied field, the swashing for absorbability target when applied field Light transmittance efficiency is higher.Because the application of field reduces and/or limits long-range vacuolization, can to the tattooed areas through albefaction With quickly continuously and effectively, and/or not to the eucaryotic cell structure of surrounding have a negative impact ground in the case where, execute in phase Laser treatment on same processing region.Furthermore, it is not necessary that reduce or limitation processing stage during laser fluence, this allow with Routine techniques is compared and realizes bigger desired therapeutic effect during single processing stage.By having compared with routine techniques more Effective processing stage, patient be subjected to the processing of less sum to experience it is less do not accommodate short processing and continue when Between.

With reference to Fig. 3, show for selectively being provided in the absorbability target in Biomedia 204 (such as skin) The exemplary illustrative block diagram of the device of LIOB.In this example, device or system includes voltage source 300 and multiple external electrodes 302, wherein electrode configuration is when contacting with Biomedia or being otherwise physically coupled to Biomedia relative to biology Medium 204 is non-conductive.For example, at least part (for example, until all) of electrode can use the electrical insulator of such as polymer Covering.In some embodiments, voltage source 300 provides voltage potential (for example, having low current to keep relatively low power to want It asks).Voltage source 300 can provide between electrode 302 is equal to any one of following or voltage between any two: -/ + 10V (volt), 50V, 100V, 200V, 250V, 500V, 750V, 1000V, 2000V, 3000V, 4000V, 5000V, 6000V, 7000V, 8000V, 9000V or 10000V.In specific embodiment, illustratively, non-limiting example, voltage source 300 are configurable to provide the voltage of+1,200 to+5,000 volts or -1,200 to -5,000 volts to field generator.At another In specific embodiment, voltage source 300 is configurable to provide 500 to 500,000 volt or -500 to -500 to field generator, 000 volt of voltage.

In some embodiments, apply at least part and biology of potential and " just " electrode between electrode 302 Medium 204 contacts, this causes to generate opposing negative fields between the electrodes.Biomedia is used in pulse laser (such as 208) In the case where in absorbability target 206 in 204, which causes: will be by absorbability and the repulsion from negative electrode Target LIOB event emission enters the free electron in Biomedia 204 and removes from the pulse path of pulsed laser source 208.It should be from Laser path removal free electron, which reduces, can cause LIOB, free electron in Biomedia 204 critical density Accumulation.Because the laser to interact with absorbability target 206 is the source of a large amount of free electrons, even if the case where electric field is cleared away Under, there is also enough density to allow LIOB event at 206 surface of absorbability target.

In other embodiments, apply at least part and biology of potential and " negative " electrode between electrode 302 Medium 204 contacts, this causes to generate opposite positive electric field between the electrodes.Life is used at pulsed laser source 208 (such as laser) In the case where in absorbability target 206 in object medium 204, which enough causes: and the attraction towards positive electrode The free electron entered in Biomedia 204 by absorbability target LIOB event emission is concentrated in laser pulse path and It is powered in laser pulse path.The concentration of energization free electron in laser path can help in Biomedia 204 Establish the critical density of free electron.Therefore, it can be generated in Biomedia 204 in the case where not using high laser fluence LIOB。

Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B are depicted for providing selective laser induced optical in conductive biological medium (for example, 204) The exemplary cross-sectional perspective view of this equipment of breakdown.In this embodiment, device includes vacuum head 400, the vacuum head Portion is configured to facilitate selectively to provide LIOB to the absorbability target in Biomedia.Vacuum head 400 may include or Head device 236 corresponding to Fig. 2.

As shown, vacuum head 400 is configured to be used together with component discribed in Fig. 2-3, in the component It is some to be arranged in vacuum head.For example, vacuum head 400 includes shell 402 as with reference to shown in Fig. 4 A, which is maintained at The electrode 302 of voltage source 300 is electrically connected to when use.The distal end of vacuum head 400 is (or lower in the orientation of Fig. 4 A-4B End) it is configured to press against Biomedia 204 (for example, skin), so that electrode 302 is close to the outer surface but not of Biomedia 204 It is in electrical contact with the outer surface.For example, the shell of vacuum head 400 can include nonconducting polymer or other materials, until Few " sinking " electrode is arranged in the polymer or other materials.In such embodiments, lower sink electrode can be led by non- Electric material covering or simply inwardly spaced from the surface of shell, the surface configuration are to contact skin when in use, are joined simultaneously Examining electrode can be arranged on the contact surface or be aligned with contact surface, so that reference electrode will contact skin when in use.

As described above, voltage source 300 can provide the negative potential between electrode 302.In some embodiments, vacuum head 400 pull Biomedia 204 (for example, skin of patient) into vacuum head 400, so that raw by the multiple electrode 302 At electric field 404 (for example, 228) perpendicular to laser beam axis.As shown, the shell of vacuum head 400 define one or More inner passages 412 and one or more openings (for example, annular opening 414), by one or more Open communication vacuum (for example, continuously or at multiple points around processing region circumference) is to skin or other biological medium Apply suction.As used in the disclosure, term " vacuum " refers to the pressure lower than ambient atmosphere pressure, rather than completely not There are substances.

In the example shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, vacuum head 400 further includes window 406 (for example, transparent window), institute Stating window allows laser pulse delivery by the vacuum head between electrode 302, facilitates the cold of skin or other biological medium But (for example, absorbing the heat sink of thermal energy by providing from skin), and/or, facilitate the stabilization (example of skin or other biological medium Such as, by creating enclosure space, vacuum or suction can be applied to skin in the enclosure space).In some embodiments, window Mouth 406 can include sapphire material, such as the sapphire material can contact it with Biomedia (such as skin) being arranged It is preceding cooled.In some embodiments, window 406 may be configured to generate the electret of field (for example, 228).

In the example shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, vacuum head 400 further includes being coupled to shell and orienting to monitor skin The thermometer 410 (for example, infrared ray or other contactless thermometers) of the temperature of skin or other biological medium, and be coupled to Shell and orient to illuminate and thereby assist in the light source (not shown) of object observing processing region (for example, light emitting diode (LED) or other light sources).Other embodiments can be omitted window 406 and be conducive to unlapped gap or opening, omit temperature Meter 410, and/or omission light source (for example, LED).

Fig. 4 C depicts another exemplary photo of this vacuum head.In the discribed example of Fig. 4 C, 202, electrode Between Biomedia 204 and vacuum head 400.As shown, the vacuum head 400 of Fig. 4 C is by pulling Biomedia 204 A part help a part that Biomedia 204 is isolated to be in contact with window 406.This makes the portion of Biomedia 204 Divide and stablizes and allow the electric field generated by electrode 302 perpendicular to for handling the absorbability target 206 in Biomedia 204 The axis of laser beam.As shown in FIG. 3 C, the shell of vacuum head 400 includes joint outer part 416, and vacuum source can be outer by this Portion's connector is connectable to inner passage 412 to be connected to processing region.

Fig. 5 depicts the another of the equipment for selectively providing the absorbability target 206 in Biomedia 204 LIOB One embodiment.The equipment of Fig. 5 includes voltage source 300a, at least two exterior insulation electrodes 302 and electromagnetic coil 500.Institute as above It states for voltage source 300, voltage source 300a can provide negative potential between electrode 302 when in use.Example shown in Fig. 5 In, voltage source 300a is similar to voltage source 300, but is configured to also power to magnetic coil 500 to induce magnetic field.Electrode 302 it Between and across magnetic coil 500 apply negative potential generate both negative electric field and magnetic field.These cause: will be by absorbability target The free electron that LIOB event emission enters in Biomedia 204 is removed from laser pulse path.In some embodiments, In In the case where the desired LIOB event in position place that absorbability target 206 will not be completely eliminated, removed certainly from laser path Reduce the formation of LIOB in Biomedia 204 by electronics.In other embodiments, it is convenient to omit electrode 302.

With reference to Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, showing can be included in this system and equipment or make together with this system and equipment The example of pulsed laser source 208.For example, the pulsed laser source 208 of Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B can be used for selectively to biology Absorbability target (for example, 206) in medium (for example, 204) provides LIOB.In some embodiments, electrode 302 is coupled to sharp Light device head 600 simultaneously extends from laser head 600, so that when applying laser to skin (for example, Biomedia 204), it is electric Pole can be arranged at the point around laser transfer to the point of skin and skin contact.As described above, voltage source 300 (or 300a) provide between the electrodes and be equal to following any one or the potential between any two :-/+10V (volt), 50V, 100V、200V、250V、500V、750V、1000V、2000V、3000V、4000V、5000V、6000V、7000V、8000V、 9000V or 10000V.When be aligned laser head 600 with before actually providing laser pulse by laser transfer to skin when, Electric field is established by electrode 302 first.In some embodiments, electrode 302, which establishes negative electric field, causes free electron from laser road Diameter is removed, to minimize biology in the case where LIOB event at the position that will not completely eliminate absorbability target 206 The formation of LIOB in medium 204.

With reference to Fig. 6 B, head device 236 (being described with dotted line) is coupled to the end of pulsed laser source 208.Such as refer to Fig. 4 A- Described by 4C, head device 236 may include or corresponding to vacuum head 400.For example, head device 236 may include window 606 (for example, 406), the laser pulse (for example, 224) from pulsed laser source 208 can be advanced by window 606.

During the operation of the equipment of Fig. 6 A or Fig. 6 B, the laser of non-conductive electrode (for example, 302) is contained at least two Head 600 is disposed against on the outer surface of biological non-transparent medium (for example, 204).For example, laser head 600 can be with It is arranged against the outer surface and makes electrode 302 and the appearance face contact.After laser head 600 is set, electrode it Between apply the negative potential for coming from voltage source such as voltage source 300 (or 300a), and cause pulse laser beam between the electrodes It is propagated in space.In order to illustrate, when the field generated by electrode 302 is applied to target 206 (for example, Biomedia 204), by Pulse laser beam (such as light 224 from light source 208) is supplied to target 206.

Fig. 7, which is depicted, to be used in combination with light source 208 (for example, treatment laser) for selectively to Biomedia 204 In absorbability target 206 provide LIOB equipment another example, the Biomedia include be configured to at stand-by laser The position of reason provides at least one electret 700 of electric field.In some embodiments, electret 700 is transparent and permits Perhaps laser pulse delivery passes through electret 700 itself.Electret 700 can include any material for keeping electric field, the material Including various forms of silica (such as quartz etc.) or various synthetic polymers (such as fluoropolymer, polypropylene, poly- pair Ethylene terephthalate etc.).

Fig. 8 depicts the example 800 of exterior insulation electrode 302a.In this embodiment, insulating electrode 302a respectively includes External insulation layer 801, inner conducting layer 802 and tie point 804, electrode is connected to voltage source at the tie point.As described above, being used as Or one in the electrode 302a for the electrode that is intended as " sinking " can be completely covered by non-conductive layer, and be intended as " referring to " Another in the electrode of electrode will have exposed at least one to contact the conductive layer surface of patient skin during use Point.In some embodiments, inner conducting layer 802 includes the conductive foil that is made of an electrically conducting material, such as: copper, silver, gold, aluminium, iron, Steel, brass, bronze, alloy and/or analog.External insulation layer 801 can include the electrical insulating film being made of ambroin.Such as figure Shown, inner conducting layer 802 can be clipped between two external insulation layers 801, and one or two of the two external insulation layers have It is configured to be attached at the adhesive surface of Biomedia 204.In the illustrated embodiment, inner conducting layer 802 have 1/4 inch × 0.0025 inch of size, is made of copper foil, and is clipped in two 0.001 inchsAdhesive tape between.

With reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, show the absorbability target 206 LIOB being selectively provided in Biomedia 204 Method.For example, the method for Fig. 9-10 can be with reference to described in this paper Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 A-4C, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 A-6B and Fig. 7 Device and/or system are realized.

With reference to Fig. 9, method 900 includes: at 902, and setting is separated more by space on the outer surface of Biomedia 204 A electrode.Biomedia may include or correspond to as at least referred to Biomedia 204 described in Fig. 3 herein.It is the multiple Electrode may include or corresponding to field generator 212, electrode 302 (or 302a).

Method 900 further include: at 904, at least 10 volts of the potential from voltage source is applied to electrode.For example, voltage Source may include or correspond to voltage source 300 (or 300a).

Method 900 further include: at 906, cause to propagate in the space of pulse laser beam between the electrodes, wherein pulse swashs Light aims at the absorbability target in Biomedia.For example, pulse laser beam may include or correspond to by light source 208 (for example, Pulse laser) generate light 224.Absorbability target in Biomedia may include or corresponding in Biomedia 204 Target 206.

In some embodiments of method 900, apply negative potential between the electrodes to generate negative electric field.Such In embodiment, negative electric field even causes: by the free electron entered in medium by absorbability target LIOB event emission from swash Light pulse removes in path.Therefore, the method 900 of Fig. 9 makes it possible at the position that will not completely eliminate absorbability target In the case where LIOB event, from removing free electron in laser path and inhibit the formation of LIOB in Biomedia.Some In embodiment, the potential that applies between the electrodes be equal to it is following any one or between any two :-/+10V (volt), 50V、100V、200V、250V、500V、750V、1000V、2000V、3000V、4000V、5000V、6000V、7000V、8000V、 9000V or 10000V.

With reference to Figure 10, method 1000 includes: that the vacuum head for containing at least two non-conductive electrode is arranged at 1002 To the outer surface of biological non-transparent medium, wherein the multiple electrode has space between each electrode.For example, vacuum head May include or corresponding to head device 236 or vacuum head 400.Biomedia may include or corresponding to such as at least joining herein Examine Biomedia 204 described in Fig. 2.The multiple electrode may include or correspond to field generator 212, electrode 302 (or 302a)。

Method 1000 further include: at 1004, apply negative pressure to vacuum head, so that the table of electrode contact Biomedia Face, and at 1006, apply the potential from voltage source between the electrodes.For example, voltage source may include or correspond to electric Potential source 300 (or 300a).

Method 1000 further include: at 1006, cause to propagate in the space of pulse laser beam between the electrodes, wherein pulse Absorbability target of the laser aiming in Biomedia.For example, pulse laser beam may include or correspond to by 208 (example of light source Such as, pulse laser) generate light 224.Absorbability target in Biomedia may include or correspond in Biomedia 204 Target 206.

First time experimental result

It is tested using some embodiments of the present disclosure on brother's Dettingen (Gottingen) miniature pig to observe selectivity Effect of the LIOB in laser skin processing.While research to prove to generate electric field in processed tissue, due to Laser treatment " albefaction " as caused by corium vacuole is reduced.

Two pigs, which are tatooed, the pattern containing black pigment.These tatoo there are more than four months with maturation.Using only Laser (" only laser "), in the laser (" laser+EF (+) ") under positive electric field or under negative electric field at laser (" laser+EF (-) ") Manage six positions of tatooing.In addition, a skin part of not tatooing uses laser treatment as control (" negative control ").Initial stage is ground Study carefully, each position tested is arranged under negative pressure using equipment similar with equipment shown in Fig. 4 A-4C.Such as institute in Fig. 4 C Show, the downside of the sapphire window 406 of the negative pressure equipment is arranged in insulating electrode 302.All laser treatments pass through the sapphire Window 406 executes.Laser used in research is provided that MedliteIVTM 1064nM Q-switch Nd:YAG, 3.5J/cm², 1Hz, 4mm spot size.Electrostatic potential source by that can generate high voltage with small electric current generates electric field.Relative to respectively for The only pig of laser, laser+EF (+) or laser+EF (-), voltage source are set as 0 volt, 1200 volts of positive (+) or 1200 volts of negative (-).

Before laser treatment, colorimetric readout is carried out at each position of tatooing.At once another group of colorimetric is carried out after processing Reading.For each position of tatooing, the colorimetric readout before each processing is normalized to that treated, and colorimetric readout is true to provide The instruction of skin vacuolization.Colorimetric readout shows bigger corium vacuolization after higher normalized.In addition, for group Knit assessment, it is small that the living tissue of each treatment site detects in 1 minute of laser treatment behind (" the 0th day ") and laser treatment 48 When (" the 2nd day ") carry out.

With reference to Figure 11, bar chart is shown, which illustrates the colorimetric research of influence of the electric field to corium vacuolization As a result.Laser+EF (-) has normalization colorimetric readout more lower than only laser or laser+EF (+).For laser+EF's (+) It normalizes colorimetric readout and only laser is comparable.Lower normalization colorimetric readout shows laser+EF (-) at position of tatooing Laser treatment during lead to the vacuolizations of reduced levels.

With reference to Figure 12, show with the histology picture of the corium of not tatooing of pulse laser processing, in performed reality It is used as negative control in testing.As shown in figure 12, particle vacuole or long-range vacuole is not present.This proves the laser fluence used under study for action At amount, the presence for the pigment agglomerates that need to tatoo is to generate vacuole.

Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B depict two the 0th day histology pictures in position of tatooing using only laser treatment.Respectively It shows particle vacuole 100 and both long-range vacuole 102 exists.It is small and be usually located at that particle vacuole 100 tends to size On the surface of the epidermotropic pigment agglomerates in face.This occurs to cause vacuole to exist by laser ablation on the surface of pigment agglomerates It is exposed in the surface side of the agglomerate of laser and is formed.Compared with particle vacuole 100, long-range vacuole 102 is smaller and in shape Upper is relatively spherical.

Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B depict two the 0th day histology pictures in position of tatooing using laser+EF (+) processing. It each illustrates particle vacuole 100 and both long-range vacuole 102 exists.Similar to described image in Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B, It is small and be usually located on the surface of the epidermotropic pigment agglomerates in face that particle vacuole 100 tends to size.However, in Figure 14 A With a large amount of long-range vacuoles 102 are seen in both Figure 14 B.Here, positive electric field excites free electron to lead to free electron at position Highdensity accumulation.The free electron left is easier corium environment by the formation for leading to long-range vacuole 102 The influence of LIOB event.

Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B depict two the 0th day histology pictures in position of tatooing using laser+EF (-) processing. As the case where 13A, Figure 13 B, Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B, there are particle vacuoles 100.However, being different from Figure 13 A, Figure 13 B, Figure 14 A With Figure 14 B, long-range vacuole 102 only minimally exists.In addition, compared with the discovery in only laser and laser+EF (+), 100 size of grain vacuole is bigger and encloses the whole of pigment agglomerates --- being not merely upper surface ---.Negative electric field will Free electron pushes away the position, to reduce the accumulation that can result in LIOB event, intradermal free electron critical density. Therefore, the formation of long-range vacuole 102 is minimized.In addition, free electron, which is pushed away the position, to be helped to postpone pigment agglomerates Surface on LIOB event initiation.This allows laser pulse before plasma event shields pigment agglomerates therewith, from Laser being absorbed into pigment agglomerates more long.This causes pigment agglomerates ablation bigger and generates big particle vacuole 100.Pigment agglomerates are meant to quickly eliminate and tatoo by the bigger ablation of laser+EF (-).

Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B depict two the 2nd day histology pictures in position of tatooing using laser+EF (-) processing, And it shows and is quickly transported from position of tatooing using the processed granules of pigments 1600 of laser+EF (-) than only laser treatment It walks.Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B show the granules of pigments 1600 for being located at depths in corium for 48 hours after laser treatment.In contrast, It is located within 48 hours the granules of pigments of depths in corium after the image at the position of tatooing of only laser treatment seldom shows laser treatment 1600。

The difference of the result of laser treatment based on the laser treatment (negative control) by skin of not tatooing and position of tatooing, The formation of 102 the two of grain vacuole 100 and long-range vacuole is pulsed laser action in the direct result for pigment agglomerates 104 of tatooing. When pulse laser is absorbed into pigment agglomerates 104, plasma plume is quickly formed.The plume causes pigment agglomerates Water experience phase transformation around 104 is to generate particle vacuole 100 (passing through steam generation).In addition, plasma plume is attached from pigment The surface (e.g., including the surface of the granules of pigments in pigment agglomerates 104) of polymers 104 tempestuously emit free electron, Ion and nano-sized pigment particles 1600 enter in corium.It is believed that these free electrons acutely emitted cause in the dermis certainly By the formation of the critical density of electronics.These free electrons are then able to absorb the shape for leading to LIOB event and long-range vacuole 102 At laser photon.

By laser+EF (+) position (Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B) and only position laser (Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B) (i.e. not no electric field In the case of laser to position of tatooing) histology be compared, two researchs have formed a large amount of particle vacuole 100 and long-range Vacuole 102., it is surprising that seeming that the quantity of the long-range vacuole 102 in laser+EF (+) treatment site is far longer than The only quantity of the long-range vacuole in laser treatment position.It is situated between it is considered that the presence of positive electric field increases the biology near negative electrode Free electron excitation in matter, causes the selectivity that LIOB is formed in Biomedia 204 to increase.

On the other hand, by the group of laser+EF (-) position (Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B) and only laser position (Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B) It knits to be compared, two researchs have formd a large amount of particle vacuole 100.However, it is surprising that related to negative electric field The size of the particle vacuole 100 of connection is far longer than the size of particle vacuole 100 associated with only laser treatment.It is same such as above It is discussed, it is believed that negative electric field pushes away free electron from the treatment site near negative electrode.This causes to postpone pigment agglomerates 104 Surface on LIOB event initiation, cause laser pulse have the longer time absorbed by pigment agglomerates 104.Such as by big Particle vacuole 100 proved which results in the bigger ablations of particle agglomerates 104.

Laser+EF (-) only results in the long-range vacuole 102 for generating minimum number.Before critical electron density is capable of forming, The free electron emitted due to the LIOB of pigment agglomerates 104 is from the laser path rapid dispersion in corium.This is inhibited in turn The formation of LIOB in medium causes the formation to long-range vacuole 102 to carry out selective depression.

The laser treatment of pigment agglomerates 104 causes granules of pigments 1600 being more transported to deep layer when in electric field In corium.The generation that pigment agglomerates 104 lead to the granules of pigments of static electrification is melted when in electric field.These electrification and/ Or smaller particle is then easier to be pulled away from position of tatooing, this further helps in the colour fading at processed position of tatooing.

Second of experimental result

Second research is carried out to assess the relationship between following: 1) formation of the corium vacuole of induced with laser is (that is, white Change) and dermal lesions and 2) the corium vacuolization of induced with laser and colour fading of tatooing.By-end is for corium vacuole shape At, dermal lesions and colour fading of tatooing, tatoo removal processing phase with standard 1064Q switch Nd:YAG laser (Q-switch laser) EFE laser treatment is compared to be assessed.Histological assessment's corium vacuolization and dermal lesions.The line accelerated with colorimetric method assessment Body fades.

EFE laser is assessed with CRO animal facility (MPI, Kalamazoo, MI).It uses and is entrusted by animal care in this study The pig animal model tatooed that member can ratify.Brother's Dettingen miniature pig (about 30kg) is tatooed art in general anesthesia by profession Family's multiple round (1cm diameter) black of tatooing in lateral sides are tatooed spot (see such as Fig. 4 C), and in research beginning Preceding permission mature at least three moon.

There are multiple circle (1cm using tatooing under study for action²) black spot taxi driver brother's Dettingen miniature pig (~30kg) of tatooing is right EFE laser and standard Q-switch laser are assessed.Using unmodified Q-switch laser (only laser) or use combination external quiet The 1064nm Q-switch laser (EFE laser) of electric field carries out single-pass laser treatment to position of tatooing.At once to vacuole shape after processing Histological assessment was carried out to dermal lesions in 2 to 6 days at progress Histological assessment, and after treatment.By using spectrophotometric It counts (Konica Minolta CM-700d, Konica Minolta Sensing Americas Co., Ltd, Ramsey, N J) Compare 8 weeks after tatooing and handle before handling colorimetric readouts to assess the colour fading at processed position of tatooing.

Before the processing can start, animal is under general anesthesia.Then swashed with standard short-pulse laser (only laser) or EFE The selected position of tatooing of light processing.It is 1064nm QS laser that only laser research and EFE laser, which study laser used in the two, (MedLite IV, Continuum Biomedical, by Hologic Co., Ltd, Marlboro, MA purchase).In each list Solely during research for only laser and the laser parameter of EFE laser treatment be it is comparable and include the following: pulsation rate is 1Hz；Laser fluence is one way 4.0J/cm²To 9.0J/cm²；And laser spot size is 3mm to 4mm.

With reference to Fig. 4 C, for EFE laser, shows the electric field being used together with laser and generate setting.The setting includes Skin vacuum head 400 with sapphire window 406, and at least one with the inner surface for being attached to window 406 are exhausted Edge electrode 302.The DC power supply (not shown) of customization provides high voltage (range: +/- during laser treatment between electrode 302 1200 volts to +/- 5000 volts).This causes to establish electrostatic field at treatment site.In some tests, when in sapphire window When using single electrode on 406, biggish refurn electrode plate is being used on the remote position for the treatment of site.Using electric field When generating setting execution laser treatment, laser treatment executes in the 1cm of active electrode.

After laser treatment, execute living tissue detection tissue histological examination with assess formation vacuole quantity and The amount of dermal lesions.Assessment for vacuole executes treatment site of tatooing at once after only laser or EFE laser treatment 3mm drills through living tissue detection.The glass slide of tissue preparation haematoxylin and Yihong (H&E) dyeing is detected by living tissue.By to group The vacuole quantity knitted in the limited area for learning image is counted to determine the corium vacuolization for each processing.

To assess dermal lesions, the 3mm for executing treatment site of tatooing for 2-6 days after only laser or EFE laser treatment is bored Living tissue is taken to detect.By the glass slide of living tissue detection tissue preparation Herovici dyeing.Pass through the damage to epidermis and corium It is assessed, is determined using 5 points of dermal lesions scales for dermal lesions per treatment.5 subscale ranges are from not damaged The significant epidermis and dermal collagen damage represented to such as a large amount of Herovici dyeing.(' 0 '=not damaged；' 1 '=minimum glue Original damage；' 2 '=slightly collagen damage；The epidermis loss of ' 3 '=part is plus minimum collagen damage；The free of losses of ' 4 '=epidermis, but Major collagen damage；And the loss of ' 5 '=epidermis is damaged plus major collagen).

Use hand-held spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta CM-700d, Konica MinoltaSensing Americas Co., Ltd, Ramsey, NJ) the processed position of tatooing of assessment colour fading, the hand-held spectrophotometer matches It is set to record L*a*b* color space value.It is counted by measuring the percentage variation of Δ E* than color difference (distance in color space) Calculation is tatooed colour fading, wherein Δ E*=((Δ L*)²+(Δa*)²+(Δb*)²)^1/2.Ratio for the reading of tatooing carried out at 8 weeks Color distance metric Δ E* is compared with the colorimetric Δ E* value before processing to calculate the percentage for colour fading of tatooing.

With reference to Figure 17, the relationship between the corium vacuolization of induced with laser and dermal lesions is had studied.During 3 months In the individual laser treatment of interior four, average corium vacuole is counted (N=8) and come from only laser treatment and EFE laser The average value of the dermal lesions scoring (N=8) of reason is compared.The result of the research is shown in FIG. 16 and demonstrates laser Very strong positive correlation after the counting of corium vacuole and the laser treatment of being averaged at once after processing between dermal lesions scoring in 2-6 days Property (r=0.945, R²=0.893).

With reference to Figure 18 A-18B and Figure 19 A-19B, the portion that tatoos for only laser and EFE laser treatment is respectively illustrated The corium vacuolization of position and dermal lesions.Figure 18 A is at once histology of the position only after laser treatment of tatooing on porcine skin Image (H&E dyeing) is shown including the biggish particle vacuole of a small amount of irregular shape and a large amount of lesser long-range vacuoles of spherical shape The corium vacuole (white space) of a large amount of (> 100) of (the small circular void of the separate granules of pigments in corium).Figure 18 B is The only Herovici dye image of the same treatment site after laser treatment 4 days, shows significant dermal lesions and new collagen The formation of (type III).Compared with contaminating for the old collagen of navy blue/purple (I type), collagen is light blue using Herovici dyeing dye Color.

On the contrary, as shown in figure 19, histology picture (the H&E dye at position of tatooing on the porcine skin after EFE laser at once Color) the corium vacuole (~33) with lesser amt.Although particle vacuole (adjacent with granules of pigments big, irregular shape White space) quantity and the use of the position of tatooing of only laser treatment is comparable (~10-20), but existing long-range sky The negligible amounts of bubble.Equally, Figure 19 B provides 4 days after the EFE laser treatment of same treatment position histology pictures (Herovici dyeing), it was demonstrated that minimum dermal lesions (minimum light blue dyeing) and virgin rubber original shape at.

With reference to Figure 20, the corium vacuolization of induced with laser is had evaluated and the relationship between fading of tatooing at 8 weeks.It will put down Equal corium vacuole counts putting down for (n=8) and from the EFE laser treatment and only percentage variation of the Δ E* (n=8) of laser treatment Mean value is compared.As shown in Figure 20, the results showed that there are moderate negative correlation (r between vacuolization and colour fading of tatooing =-0.52) (that is, corium vacuole cause to tatoo fade it is fewer.)

The secondary objective of this research is to damage compared with standard laser tatoos removal processing for corium vacuolization, corium Hurt and EFE laser treatment is assessed in colour fading of tatooing.With reference to Figure 21, scatter plot (has the horizontal line for indicating average value and expression 95% The error bars of CI) it shows using EFE laser and only the corium vacuole after laser treatment counts.It is single compared with only laser treatment After secondary laser passes through, EFE laser treatment shows significantly lower average corium vacuole and counts.For the average sky of EFE laser Bubble is counted as 55 (n=19).101 (n=10) are counted as the average vacuole of only laser.It is (2 tails, non-matching, same in t test Variance) in, the difference between two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.0001).

With reference to Figure 22, scatter plot (have the line for indicating average value and indicate the error bars of 95%CI) is shown using EFE Dermal lesions scoring after laser and only laser treatment.Compared with the position through only laser treatment, the position through EFE laser treatment Show smaller average dermal lesions scoring.The average dermal lesions scoring of EFE laser is 1.84 full marks (n=19) in 5 points. Only the average dermal lesions scoring of laser is 3.5 points (n=10) in 5 points.In t test (2 tails, non-matching, same to variance), two groups Between difference be statistically significant (P < 0.01).

With reference to Figure 23 A, show between EFE laser (n=19) and the only position of tatooing of laser (n=10) processing 8 Tatoo when all colour fading percentage comparison.Scatter plot (have the line for indicating average value and indicate the error bars of 95%CI) proves The colour fading of tatooing of acceleration compared with only laser using EFE laser after single laser passes through.The average colour fading of EFE laser is 19.1%.Only the average colour fading of laser is 9.2% (P < 0.05).Finally, Figure 23 B and Figure 23 C provide photographs, show For using the representativeness of EFE laser treatment to tatoo the improved colour fading at position compared with only laser.For example, Figure 23 B is shown Utilize only laser (4J/cm²@4mm；Colour fading and Figure 23 C 1Hz), which is shown, utilizes EFE laser (5000Kv；4J/cm²@4mm； Colour fading 1Hz).

This is studies have shown that the corium vacuolization of bigger induced with laser increases dermal lesions and reduces to tatoo takes off Color effect.EFE laser can minimize the amount of the corium vacuolization of induced with laser during laser treatment tatoos position, cause The dermal lesions of reduction and improved colour fading of tatooing.It is believed that less vacuolization causes laser shielding and light to scatter It reduces, more laser energies is allowed to reach particles of ink of tatooing.

This study provides evidences: compared with standard laser processing, EFE laser is resulted in position processing of tatooing Less corium vacuole, less dermal lesions and improved colour fading of tatooing.In addition to improving the processing of tatooing based on laser, make The free electron from thermionic emission is mitigated during laser ablation processing (hair removing, vein removal etc.) with electric field energy is enough To provide safer, more effective processing.

Above description and example provide the complete description of the structure and purposes of illustrative embodiments.Although some embodiments It is described above with uniqueness to a certain degree or with reference to one or more individual embodiments, but this Field technical staff can carry out numerous variations to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure.Cause This, the various illustrative embodimentss of method and system are not limited to particular forms disclosed.But method and system is each Kind illustrative embodiments includes all modifications fallen within the scope of the appended claims and replacement, and other than the embodiment shown in Other embodiments may include discribed embodiment feature some or all.For example, element can be omitted or group is combined into Overall structure, connector can be replaced or the two.In addition, in appropriate circumstances, any one side in above-mentioned example Face can be combined with any one aspect in other described examples, have comparable or different attribute to be formed And/or function and solve the problems, such as other identical or different examples.Similarly, it should be appreciated that above-mentioned benefit and excellent Point can be related to one embodiment or can be related to several embodiments.Therefore, in the case where not departing from the introduction of the disclosure, Single embodiment as described herein is not necessarily to be construed as embodiment party that is restrictive, and being appropriately combined the disclosure Formula.

Unless clear using phrase " method being used for ... " or " the step of being used for ... " respectively in a given claim The such limitation of ground statement, it includes limit that method adds function that otherwise claim, which is not intended to including and is not construed as, System or step add the limitation of function.