阅读说明：本技术 一种克氏原螯虾“秋苗早繁”方法 (Method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkii ) 是由 徐宇 李佳佳 许志强 孙梦玲 严维辉 唐建清 潘建林 于 2019-09-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种克氏原螯虾“秋苗早繁”方法,包括7月下旬放养规格为30g/尾以上的亲本,雌雄比为(1.2～1.5):1；6月沿池塘四周100％种植水蕹菜；7～8月沿池塘上方搭建遮阳网；每天早晚两次投喂优质配合饲料,饲料要求是硬颗粒料,蛋白含量36％,日投量为虾体重的3～5％；8月底～9月初干塘晒底10d,胁迫亲虾穴居；再提高水位至原水位的20cm以上,胁迫亲虾出洞产卵,7d后降低至原水位；干塘胁迫交配产卵以后,采用常规方式进行饲养管理,10月下旬-11月上旬批量收获规格>5g/尾的小龙虾苗种。本方法解决了苗种的规模化提早繁育问题,通过秋季提前放苗养殖,可实现春节期间2-3月商品虾集中批量上市。(The invention discloses a method for 'early propagation of autumn seedlings' of procambarus clarkia, which comprises stocking parents with the specification of more than 30 g/tail in late 7 months, wherein the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net above the pond along the pond for 7-8 months; feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at night every day, wherein the feed is a hard granular feed, the protein content is 36%, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps; drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days; after forced mating and spawning in the dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month. The method solves the problem of large-scale early breeding of the seedlings, and can realize centralized batch marketing of commercial shrimps in 2-3 months during the spring festival by putting the seedlings in advance for breeding in autumn.)

1. A method for 'early propagation of autumn seedlings' of procambarus clarkia is characterized by comprising stocking parents with the specification of more than 30 g/tail in late 7 months, wherein the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net above the pond along the pond for 7-8 months; feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at night every day, wherein the feed is hard granular feed, the content of crude protein is 36-40%, and the daily dosage is 3-5% of the weight of shrimps; drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days; after forced mating and spawning in the dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month.

2. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the soil of the breeding pond is preferably clay or loam, the area is 5-20 mu, the pond is rectangular, the depth of the pond is 1.2-1.5 m, the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1: 1.8-2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10-12 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and the dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge.

3. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the parents require pure body color, complete appendages, no injury, strong physique and good vitality.

4. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that a sunshade net is built along 30 to 35 percent of the area above a pond.

5. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the procambarus clarkii is fed with the high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at night, the feeding time is 4-5 am and 17-18 am, the feed is required to be hard granules, the content of crude protein is 36%, and the particle size is 1.6 mm-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition.

6. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the conventional mode is adopted for feeding management, and 25-30% of protein feed is fed instead, preferably 28% of protein feed is fed instead.

7. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a sunshade net with 90% -95% of shading degree is built along 1/3 area above the pond in 7-8 months, and temperature and illumination are accurately controlled, so that the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5-8 ℃ at 11: 30-14: 30, and the illumination intensity is 6000 lux-6500 lux.

8. The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized in that:

(1) pond design

The soil of the breeding pond is preferably clay or loam, the area of the breeding pond is 5-20 mu, the breeding pond is east-west-oriented and rectangular, the depth of the pond is about 1.5m, the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1:2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net with 95% shading degree along 30% -35% of the area above the pond in 7-8 months, and accurately controlling the temperature and the illumination, so that the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5-8 ℃ under 12: 00-14: 00, and the illumination intensity is 6000 lux-6100 lux;

(2) Parent releasing

parents with the specifications of more than 30 g/tail are stocked in late 7 th ten days, the body color is pure, the appendages are complete, the disease is avoided, the physique is strong, the vigor is good, and the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1;

(3) Feeding fodder

Feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at 4 am and 17-18 am every night, wherein the feed is a hard granular material, the content of crude protein is 36%, and the particle size is 1.6-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition;

(4) Forced mating and oviposition

drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days;

(5) Harvesting of seedlings

After forced mating and spawning in the dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, 28% of protein feed is fed, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of procambarus clarkia cultivation, and relates to a method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkia.

Background

Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii), commonly known as crayfish, belongs to the Crustacea, Depodales, Dicambaridae, Procambarus. With the rapid increase of domestic consumption, crayfish has become the best-selling freshwater aquatic product variety in China. In the face of the rapidly increased breeding area in China, the demand of the breeding industry for high-quality seedlings is increasing, and the insufficient supply of the high-quality seedlings becomes a main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the crayfish industry. In the actual culture production process, the time for artificial natural breeding of the fries to appear on the market is concentrated (a large amount of fries emerge in 3-5 months), and the commercial shrimps are concentrated on the market in 5-6 months, so that the price of the commercial shrimps is lowered, and the culture benefit is low. Under the condition, most farmers hope to avoid the peak of concentrated marketing in 5-6 months, advance or delay the marketing time of commercial shrimps, realize 'peak staggering breeding' and increase the economic benefit. The main limiting factor for implementing the 'peak shifting cultivation' is the seed supply, and the industry needs to provide seeds in batches early or delayed.

The normal mating time of the crayfishes in the Yangtze river basin is autumn, and the necessary conditions for mating and spawning are that the water temperature is reduced and the sunshine time is shortened; in a natural breeding state, because the normal mating and spawning time is later, the embryo development speed is reduced along with the gradual reduction of the water temperature, and the seedlings can be bred only after spring beginning in the next year. In addition, the current industry generally adopts a mode of 'pond-left parent shrimp self-reproduction' to breed (put parents to breed), the number of the parents and the fries in a pond can not be determined, and the quality can not be ensured.

disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of procambarus clarkia, aiming at the defects in the prior art.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for 'autumn seedling early propagation' of Procambrus clarkii comprises stocking parents with a specification of more than 30 g/tail in late 7 months, wherein the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net above the pond along the pond for 7-8 months; feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at night every day, wherein the feed is hard granular feed, the content of crude protein is 36 percent, and the daily feeding amount is 3 to 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps; drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days; after forced mating and oviposition in the dry pond, adopting a conventional mode for feeding management, and harvesting crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail in batches from 10 late months to 11 early months.

The method for breeding procambarus clarkii in autumn and early seedling is preferred, the soil of a breeding pond is preferably clay or loam, the area of the breeding pond is 5-20 mu, the breeding pond is rectangular in the east-west direction, the depth of the pond is 1.2-1.5 m, the slope ratio of pond ridges is 1: 1.8-2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10-12 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and the dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge.

the 'autumn seedling early propagation' method of the procambarus clarkii is preferred, and parents require pure body color, complete appendages, no injury, strong physique and good vitality.

The 'autumn seedling early propagation' method of the procambarus clarkii is optimized, and a sunshade net is built along 30-35% of the area above the pond.

The 'autumn seedling early propagation' method of the procambarus clarkii is preferred, the high-quality compound feed is fed twice in the morning and at night every day, the feeding time is 4-5 am and 17-18 pm, the feed is a hard granular material, the content of crude protein is 36%, and the particle size is 1.6-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition.

the 'autumn seedling early propagation' method of the procambarus clarkii is preferable, the conventional mode is adopted for feeding management, 25-30% of protein feed is fed instead, and 28% of protein feed is further preferably fed instead.

According to the 'autumn seedling early propagation' method for the procambarus clarkii, which is disclosed by the invention, a sunshade net with 90% -95% of shading degree is preferably built along the 1/3 area above the pond in 7-8 months, the temperature and the illumination are accurately controlled, the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5-8 ℃ at 11: 30-14: 30, and the illumination intensity is 6000 lux-6500 lux.

The method for the 'autumn seedling early propagation' of the procambarus clarkii is further preferable, and comprises the following steps:

(1) Pond design

The soil of the breeding pond is preferably clay or loam, the area of the breeding pond is 5-20 mu, the breeding pond is east-west-oriented and rectangular, the depth of the pond is about 1.5m, the slope ratio of the pond ridge is 1:2, water seepage does not occur, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is 10 cm; the water inlet and drainage system is complete, the microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, 1/3 parts of the whole pool area for planting the waterweeds, and dryland grass is reserved beside the pool ridge; planting swamp cabbages 100% around the pond in 6 months; building a sunshade net with 95% shading degree along 30% -35% of the area above the pond in 7-8 months, and accurately controlling the temperature and the illumination, so that the temperature of the sunshade net is reduced by 5-8 ℃ under 12: 00-14: 00, and the illumination intensity is 6000 lux-6100 lux;

(2) Parent releasing

parents with the specifications of more than 30 g/tail are stocked in late 7 th ten days, the body color is pure, the appendages are complete, the disease is avoided, the physique is strong, the vigor is good, and the male-female ratio is (1.2-1.5): 1;

(3) Feeding fodder

feeding high-quality compound feed twice in the morning and at 4 am and 17-18 am every night, wherein the feed is a hard granular material, the content of crude protein is 36%, and the particle size is 1.6-2.0 mm; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition;

(4) forced mating and oviposition

Drying the pond for 10 days at the bottom of 8-9 months, and forcing parent shrimps to live in holes; raising the water level to more than 20cm of the original water level, forcing the parent shrimps to go out of the holes and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days;

(5) Harvesting of seedlings

After forced mating and spawning in the dry pond, feeding management is carried out in a conventional mode, 28% of protein feed is fed, and crayfish fries with the specification of more than 5 g/tail are harvested in batches from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month.

has the advantages that:

according to the invention, the parents are put in a quantitative and sufficient amount, the temperature and the illumination are accurately controlled by planting the water spinach and building the sunshade net, the measures of promoting the gonad development of the parents by matching with the feeding of high-quality feed, forcing the crayfish to mate in advance in a dry pond and the like are taken, and the goal of advanced batch breeding (11-month seedling emergence) of crayfish seedlings can be realized. The method for early breeding of autumn seedlings solves the problem of large-scale early breeding of the seedlings, and the commercial shrimps can be sold in batches in the spring period of 2-3 months by putting the seedlings in advance in autumn for breeding.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the development of early breeding of parent ovary of procambarus clarkii in autumn

A: 28% protein content + sunshade net (0), B: 28% protein content + sunshade net (1/3), C: 28% protein content + sunshade net (1/2), D: 36% protein content + sunshade net (0); e: 36% protein content + sunshade net (1/3); f: 36% protein content + sunshade net (1/2).

Detailed Description

The following is the early breeding condition of the seedlings in autumn in Korea of Jiangsu in 2017.

(1) pond preparation

6 aquaculture ponds with the areas of 10 mu respectively, the depths of the ponds are 1.5m, the ridge-slope ratio of the ponds is 1:2, water leakage does not occur, sludge at the bottom of the ponds is 10cm, a water inlet and drainage system is complete, escape-preventing facilities are complete, microporous oxygen increasing equipment is arranged, a sun-shading net (the ratio of the sun-shading net is 0,1/3 and 1/2 respectively) is erected above the south of the ponds in the months of 7 and 15 months, and the waterweeds are planted in the ponds and the areas of the ponds account for 1/3 of the whole pond; the pool is filled with water spinach strips with the width of 1 m.

(2) Parent releasing

500kg of parent shrimps with the specification of more than 30g are put into the pond in 7 months and 23 days, and the male-female ratio is 1.2: 1. After the parents are put in, the water temperature of the pond is reduced by utilizing the sunshade net.

(3) Feeding fodder

the feed is fed for 2 times a day (before 5: 00 and after 17: 00). The special compound feed for crayfishes with the protein content of 36% or 28% is added (see table 1 in detail), the feeding amount is based on the slight residue of 2 hours after feeding, and the feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the weather, the water temperature and the food intake condition.

(4) Forced mating and oviposition

Observing the parent gonad development conditions in 8 months and 18 days, and selecting a treatment group with the best gonad development (adjusting the content of feed protein and the coverage area of a sunshade net) to carry out forced mating and oviposition; draining the dry pond after 20 days in 8 months, and airing the pond for 10 days to stress shrimp caves; starting to feed water in 3 days after 9 months, rapidly increasing the water level to the highest water level, forcing the crayfish to go out of the hole and lay eggs, and reducing the water level to the original water level after 7 days.

(5) Harvesting of seedlings

After forced mating and oviposition in the dry pond, the conventional mode is adopted for feeding management (the protein 28% feed is fed instead). Catching the seedlings at 26 days in 10 months, and harvesting more than 200kg of the seedlings with the specification of more than 5 g/tail per mu till 16 days in 11 months.

The development condition and the ovarian photos of each group of procambarus clarkii bred in advance in autumn are shown in table 1 and figure 1.

TABLE 1 early breeding of procambarus clarkii in autumn parental development

Note: the examination time of gonad development is 8 months and 18 days