阅读说明：本技术 一种废旧塑料的改性及应用方法 (modification and application method of waste plastic ) 是由 许亮亮 于 2019-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明主要涉及塑料加工技术领域,公开了一种废旧塑料的改性及应用方法,包括：废旧塑料的改性方法,包括以下步骤：(1)清洗；(2)粉碎；(3)改性；改性废旧塑料制备地膜的应用方法,包括以下步骤：(1)主料熔融；(2)地膜材料制备；(3)成型；本发明提供的废旧塑料的改性及应用方法,将废旧塑料进行处理和改性后能够增强废旧塑料的强度和成膜性,利于再次利用,并且将改性后的废旧塑料用于制备地膜,原料简单,节约成本,制备得到的地膜强度高,耐用性强,废弃残留的地膜能够进行降解,避免对土壤和环境造成二次污染。(the invention mainly relates to the technical field of plastic processing, and discloses a method for modifying and applying waste plastic, which comprises the following steps: the modification method of the waste plastic comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning; (2) crushing; (3) modification; the application method of the mulching film prepared from the modified waste plastics comprises the following steps: (1) melting the main material; (2) preparing a mulching film material; (3) molding; the modification and application method of the waste plastic provided by the invention can enhance the strength and film forming property of the waste plastic after the waste plastic is treated and modified, is beneficial to reutilization, and the modified waste plastic is used for preparing the mulching film, so that the raw materials are simple, the cost is saved, the prepared mulching film has high strength and strong durability, the waste residual mulching film can be degraded, and the secondary pollution to soil and environment is avoided.)

1. A modification method of waste plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cleaning: shearing the waste plastic to 4-6 cm, firstly cleaning impurities with clear water, then placing the waste plastic in a cleaning solution, ultrasonically cleaning the waste plastic at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ and the frequency of 31-33 kHz for 30-40 min, and then washing the waste plastic with clear water to obtain cleaned waste plastic;

(2) Crushing: crushing the cleaned waste plastic to 2-4 mm, uniformly spraying an acetic acid solution with the volume fraction of 1.3-1.7%, adjusting the temperature to 41-43 ℃, and irradiating for 30-36 hours by using an ultraviolet lamp while stirring to obtain the crushed waste plastic;

(3) modification: placing the crushed waste plastic into a reaction kettle, stirring and heating at the speed of 3-4 ℃/min until the waste plastic is completely molten, preserving heat for 30-40 min, adding polyvinyl butyral, stirring at the speed of 500-600 r/min for 10-15 min, adding methyltrimethoxysilane, continuing preserving heat and stirring for 20-30 min, extruding and granulating to obtain the modified waste plastic.

2. The method for modifying waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution in the step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900-1000 parts of water, 17-19 parts of sodium chloride, 3-5 parts of potassium permanganate and 6-8 parts of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate.

3. the method for modifying the waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein the acetic acid solution in the step (2) is added in an amount of 5-7% by weight of the waste plastics; and (3) irradiating the ultraviolet lamp in the step (2) for 30-40 min at the intensity of 40000-50000 mu W/cm2, and stopping for 5-10 min.

4. The method for modifying waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl butyral obtained in the step (3) is added in an amount of 2.4-2.8% by weight of the waste plastics; the adding amount of the methyltrimethoxysilane in the step (3) is 1.3-1.7% of the weight of the waste plastic.

5. A modified waste plastic prepared by the method for modifying waste plastic as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. an application method of the modified waste plastic of claim 5 in preparing mulching film.

7. The application method of the mulching film prepared from the modified waste plastics as claimed in claim 6, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Melting main materials: uniformly mixing the main materials, placing the main materials in a reaction kettle, heating the main materials to 77-83 ℃ at the speed of 3-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 15-20 min, adding the modified waste plastics, continuously heating the waste plastics until the waste plastics are completely molten, preserving heat, and stirring for 20-30 min to obtain molten main materials;

(2) Preparing a mulching film material: adding an auxiliary agent into the molten main material, stirring for 25-30 min under heat preservation, naturally cooling to 84-92 ℃, preserving heat for 30-40 min, adding nano magnesium oxide, raising the temperature to 115-121 ℃, stirring for 25-35 min under heat preservation and vacuum, extruding, and granulating to obtain a mulching film material;

(3) molding: and (3) placing the mulching film material in a forming machine, and extruding, casting and forming to obtain the waste plastic application mulching film.

8. The application method of the mulching film prepared from the modified waste plastics in the claim 6 is characterized in that the main materials in the step (1) are composed of the following resins in parts by weight: 40-42 parts of polyethylene oxide, 33-35 parts of polylactic acid, 26-28 parts of biodegradable starch resin and 12-14 parts of poly (butylene terephthalate/butylene oxalate) copolyester.

9. the application method of the mulching film prepared from the modified waste plastics in the claim 6 is characterized in that the additive in the step (2) is 15-17% of the main material by weight and is composed of the following resins in parts by weight: 17-19 parts of polyoxypropylene mannitol dioleate, 6-8 parts of ethylene bis stearamide and 11-13 parts of color master batch; the addition amount of the nano magnesium oxide in the step (2) is 1.4-1.6% of the weight of the main material.

10. the waste plastic application mulching film prepared by the application method of the modified waste plastic mulching film as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of plastic processing, in particular to a modification and application method of waste plastic.

background

The waste plastics are plastic wastes generated in the living process of people, most of the waste plastics are buried and burned, white pollution to the environment is easily caused, the waste plastics are gradually classified with the enhancement of the environmental awareness of people, the waste plastics belong to recyclable wastes, and a recycling method is considered after the waste plastics are sorted out. Therefore, the direct addition of the waste plastic particles into the raw materials of the product can affect the performance parameters of the product and the practicability of the product.

The existing patent document CN105295415A discloses a degradable garbage bag produced by using waste plastics and a preparation method thereof, the waste plastics are crushed and then added with raw materials of the garbage bag for full melting to prepare the garbage bag, the types of the raw materials added in the preparation process are more, the preparation cost of the garbage bag is obviously increased, although the garbage bag is prepared by using the waste plastics, the cost is obviously higher than that of the common garbage bag, the garbage bag is unacceptable for common consumers, and the further recycling of the waste plastics can be influenced.

disclosure of Invention

In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for modifying and applying waste plastics.

A modification method of waste plastics comprises the following steps:

(1) Cleaning: shearing the waste plastic to 4-6 cm, firstly cleaning impurities with clear water, then placing the waste plastic in a cleaning solution, ultrasonically cleaning the waste plastic at 35-40 ℃ and 31-33 kHz for 30-40 min, and then washing the waste plastic with clear water, so that not only can stains on the surface of the waste plastic be removed, but also the waste plastic can be disinfected, and the harm to human bodies and the environment caused by germs carried by the waste plastic is avoided, thereby obtaining the cleaned waste plastic;

(2) crushing: crushing the cleaned waste plastic to 2-4 mm, uniformly spraying an acetic acid solution with the volume fraction of 1.3-1.7%, adjusting the temperature to 41-43 ℃, and irradiating for 30-36 hours by using an ultraviolet lamp while stirring, so that not only can residual germs in the waste plastic be killed, but also the original color of the waste plastic can be diluted, the influence of the original color in the waste plastic on products is avoided, the recycling performance of the waste plastic is improved, and the crushed waste plastic is obtained;

(3) Modification: placing crushed waste plastics into a reaction kettle, stirring and heating at the speed of 3-4 ℃/min until the waste plastics are completely molten, preserving heat for 30-40 min, adding polyvinyl butyral, stirring at the speed of 500-600 r/min for 10-15 min, adding methyltrimethoxysilane, continuing preserving heat and stirring for 20-30 min, fully modifying the waste plastics, improving the strength and film forming property of the waste plastics, ensuring that the waste plastics cannot cause adverse effects on the quality and practicability of products, extruding and granulating to obtain the modified waste plastics.

the cleaning solution in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900-1000 parts of water, 17-19 parts of sodium chloride, 3-5 parts of potassium permanganate and 6-8 parts of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate.

and (3) adding 5-7% of the acetic acid solution in the step (2) by weight.

and (3) irradiating the ultraviolet lamp in the step (2) for 30-40 min at the intensity of 40000-50000 mu W/cm2, and stopping for 5-10 min.

The polyvinyl butyral obtained in the step (3) is added in an amount of 2.4-2.8% of the weight of the waste plastics.

The adding amount of the methyltrimethoxysilane in the step (3) is 1.3-1.7% of the weight of the waste plastic.

The modified waste plastic is prepared by the waste plastic modification method.

An application method of the mulching film prepared from the modified waste plastics.

The application method of the mulching film prepared from the modified waste plastics comprises the following steps:

(1) melting main materials: uniformly mixing main materials, then placing the main materials in a reaction kettle, heating the mixture to 77-83 ℃ at the speed of 3-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 15-20 min, adding the modified waste plastics, continuing heating until the mixture is completely molten, preserving heat, stirring for 20-30 min, and carrying out full melting and grafting, so that the mulching film is high in strength, convenient to use, degradable and capable of avoiding environmental pollution, and the molten main materials are obtained;

(2) Preparing a mulching film material: adding an auxiliary agent into a molten main material, carrying out heat preservation and stirring for 25-30 min, naturally cooling to 84-92 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 30-40 min, facilitating film formation of the mulching film, having a simple process and saving production cost, adding nano magnesium oxide, raising the temperature to 115-121 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and vacuum stirring for 25-35 min, improving the strength and the flame retardant property of the mulching film, enhancing the safety in the production, storage and use processes of the mulching film, expanding the recycling range of waste plastics, extruding and granulating to obtain a mulching film material;

(3) molding: and (3) placing the mulching film material in a forming machine, and extruding, casting and forming to obtain the waste plastic application mulching film.

the main materials in the step (1) consist of the following resins in parts by weight: 40-42 parts of polyethylene oxide, 33-35 parts of polylactic acid, 26-28 parts of biodegradable starch resin and 12-14 parts of poly (butylene terephthalate/butylene oxalate) copolyester.

The adding amount of the modified waste plastic in the step (1) is 27-29% of the weight of the main materials.

The additive in the step (2) is 15-17% of the main material by weight and is composed of the following resins in parts by weight: 17-19 parts of polyoxypropylene mannitol dioleate, 6-8 parts of ethylene bis stearamide and 11-13 parts of color master batch.

the addition amount of the nano magnesium oxide in the step (2) is 1.4-1.6% of the weight of the main material.

The application method of the mulching film prepared from the modified waste plastics is used for preparing the waste plastic application mulching film.

The invention has the advantages that: according to the modification and application method of the waste plastic, the waste plastic is treated and modified, so that the strength and film forming property of the waste plastic can be enhanced, the waste plastic is beneficial to reutilization, the modified waste plastic is used for preparing the mulching film, the raw materials are simple, the cost is saved, the prepared mulching film is high in strength and strong in durability, the waste residual mulching film can be degraded, and secondary pollution to soil and environment is avoided; the waste plastic is sheared and then is ultrasonically cleaned by cleaning fluid, so that not only can stains on the surface of the waste plastic be removed, but also the waste plastic can be disinfected, and the harm to human bodies and the environment caused by pathogenic bacteria carried by the waste plastic is avoided; after cleaning, the waste plastics are crushed, and acetic acid solution and ultraviolet radiation are added, so that residual germs in the waste plastics can be killed, the original color of the waste plastics can be lightened, the influence of the original color of the waste plastics on products is avoided, and the recycling performance of the waste plastics is improved; after being crushed, the waste plastics are heated and melted, and polyvinyl butyral and methyltrimethoxysilane are added in sequence to fully modify the waste plastics, so that the strength and the film forming property of the waste plastics are improved, and the waste plastics are ensured not to cause adverse effects on the quality and the practicability of products; the modified waste plastic is applied to preparation of the mulching film after being produced, the modified waste plastic is added after the main material of the mulching film is heated, and the plastic is fully melted and grafted, so that the mulching film is high in strength, convenient to use, degradable and environment-friendly; the addition of the nano magnesium oxide can improve the strength and the flame retardant property of the mulching film, enhance the safety of the mulching film in the production, storage and use processes and enlarge the recycling range of waste plastics.

Detailed Description

the invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.