阅读说明：本技术 一种人工假底及制作方法 (artificial false bottom and manufacturing method thereof ) 是由 郑伯坤 尹旭岩 黄腾龙 于 2019-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种人工假底,该人工假底建造在巷道内,包括人工假底本体和固定件,所述固定件一端插入巷道的侧板内,固定件的另一端与人工假底本体通过连接件相连接,所述人工假底本体位于巷道的底板上,人工假底本体内设钢筋网。本发明中的人工假底能够替代顶底矿柱,使之在开采过程中无需预留顶底矿柱,无需后期回收顶底矿柱,节省了回收工序,且由于采用高标号混凝土制成人工假底,人工假底的强度较高,回收顶底矿柱时的废石混入率低,使得选矿回收率高,经济效益好；另外,采用钢筋、锚杆与巷道的侧板连接在一起,安全性高。(The invention discloses an artificial false bottom which is built in a roadway and comprises an artificial false bottom body and a fixing piece, wherein one end of the fixing piece is inserted into a side plate of the roadway, the other end of the fixing piece is connected with the artificial false bottom body through a connecting piece, the artificial false bottom body is positioned on a bottom plate of the roadway, and a reinforcing mesh is arranged in the artificial false bottom body. The artificial false bottom can replace a top-bottom ore column in the mining process, so that the top-bottom ore column does not need to be reserved in the mining process, the top-bottom ore column does not need to be recovered in the later period, the recovery process is saved, and the artificial false bottom is made of high-grade concrete, so that the strength of the artificial false bottom is higher, the mixing rate of waste rocks in the process of recovering the top-bottom ore column is low, the mineral separation recovery rate is high, and the economic benefit is good; in addition, the reinforcing steel bars and the anchor rods are connected with the side plates of the roadway, so that the safety is high.)

1. an artificial false bottom built in a roadway is characterized in that: the artificial false bottom comprises an artificial false bottom body and a fixing piece, wherein one end of the fixing piece is inserted into a side plate of a roadway, the other end of the fixing piece is connected with the artificial false bottom body through a connecting piece, the artificial false bottom body is positioned on a bottom plate of the roadway, and a reinforcing mesh is arranged in the artificial false bottom body.

2. The artificial false bottom of claim 1, wherein: and a support column is arranged below the reinforcing mesh.

3. the artificial false bottom of claim 1, wherein: and a cushion layer is arranged between the artificial false bottom body and the bottom plate of the roadway.

4. The artificial false bottom of claim 3, wherein: and a plastic film is arranged between the cushion layer and the artificial false bottom body.

5. The artificial false bottom of claim 4, wherein: the mounting is the stock, be the contained angle setting between the curb plate in stock and tunnel, the stock is towards the top.

6. The artificial false bottom of claim 5, wherein: the included angle between the anchor rod and the side plate of the roadway is 5-20 degrees.

7. The artificial false bottom according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the reinforcing mesh comprises longitudinal bars and transverse bars, wherein the transverse bars are arranged above the longitudinal bars in a staggered mode, and are bound at intersection points of the transverse bars and the longitudinal bars, so that the transverse bars and the longitudinal bars are fastened and connected.

8. The artificial false bottom of claim 2, wherein: the support columns are arranged at intervals.

9. The artificial false bottom according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the connecting piece is a hanging rib.

10. A method for manufacturing an artificial false bottom is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

firstly, cleaning a roadway, a top plate and a side plate above the roadway;

secondly, arranging a fixing hole on the side plate;

thirdly, inserting an anchor rod into the fixing hole, wherein the anchor rod and the side plate are obliquely arranged;

Fourthly, binding a hanging bar at the end part of the anchor rod, connecting the lower end of the hanging bar with a reinforcing mesh, and positioning the reinforcing mesh above the covering layer;

fifthly, pouring concrete into the reinforcing mesh and around the reinforcing mesh to complete the construction of the artificial false bottom;

And sixthly, performing later maintenance on the artificial false bottom, and putting the artificial false bottom into use after the strength of the artificial false bottom reaches the strength.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the technical field of mine filling mining, in particular to an artificial false bottom and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

when metal mines are mined underground, in order to ensure the safety of mining operation, top and bottom ore pillars are usually reserved to control ground pressure, and particularly for mines mined by an open-field method, the ore loss rate is usually higher due to the larger amount of reserved ore pillars. A large amount of high-grade ore pillars cannot be developed and utilized, so that the valuable mineral resources are greatly wasted, and the sustainable development guide is not met. Under the environment that the resource reserves and the grade of mine enterprises are reduced and the situation of the mining industry is gradually descended, more and more mine enterprises pay attention to the recycling of high-grade residual ore resources in order to ensure the revenue.

CN201410764691A introduces an artificial false bottom and its manufacturing method, wherein a buffer layer is laid at the bottom of the cutting space, a frame of the artificial false bottom is formed by using the waste rails and the anchor rods, and an isolation layer is laid on the waste rails to finally form the artificial false bottom. The artificial false bottom in the patent has the following defects: 1. the composite material consists of waste rails and waste materials, so that potential safety hazards exist; 2. this artificial false bottom can only guarantee need not stay the fore-set when middle section stoping down, means well upper segment still need reserve the fore-set, also need retrieve the fore-set at last.

disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the artificial false bottom is high in strength and good in safety, and can replace the top bottom ore pillar when underground mining, the top bottom ore pillar is not required to be recovered in the later period, and the construction engineering quantity required for recovering the top bottom ore pillar is saved.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an artificial false bottom built in a roadway is characterized in that: the artificial false bottom comprises an artificial false bottom body and a fixing piece, wherein one end of the fixing piece is inserted into a side plate of a roadway, the other end of the fixing piece is connected with the artificial false bottom body through a connecting piece, the artificial false bottom body is positioned on a bottom plate of the roadway, and a reinforcing mesh is arranged in the artificial false bottom body.

furthermore, a support column is arranged below the reinforcing mesh.

Further, a cushion layer is arranged between the artificial false bottom body and the bottom plate of the roadway.

Furthermore, a plastic film is arranged between the cushion layer and the artificial false bottom body.

Further, the mounting is the stock, be the contained angle setting between the curb plate in stock and the tunnel, the stock is towards the top.

furthermore, the included angle between the anchor rod and the side plate of the roadway is 5-20 degrees.

Furthermore, the reinforcing mesh comprises longitudinal bars and transverse bars, wherein the transverse bars are arranged above the longitudinal bars in a staggered mode, and are bound at intersection points of the transverse bars and the longitudinal bars, so that the transverse bars and the longitudinal bars are fixedly connected.

Further, the support columns are arranged at intervals.

Further, the connecting piece is a hanging rib.

based on the same inventive concept, a method for manufacturing artificial false bottom is provided.

A method for manufacturing an artificial false bottom comprises the following steps:

Firstly, cleaning a roadway, a top plate and a side plate above the roadway;

Secondly, arranging a fixing hole on the side plate;

thirdly, inserting an anchor rod into the fixing hole, wherein the anchor rod and the side plate are obliquely arranged;

fourthly, binding a hanging bar at the end part of the anchor rod, connecting the lower end of the hanging bar with a reinforcing mesh, and positioning the reinforcing mesh above the covering layer;

fifthly, pouring concrete into the reinforcing mesh and around the reinforcing mesh to complete the construction of the artificial false bottom;

And sixthly, performing later maintenance on the artificial false bottom, and putting the artificial false bottom into use after the strength of the artificial false bottom reaches the strength.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

The artificial false bottom can replace a top-bottom ore column in the mining process, so that the top-bottom ore column does not need to be reserved in the mining process, the top-bottom ore column does not need to be recovered in the later period, the recovery process is saved, and the artificial false bottom is made of high-grade concrete, so that the strength of the artificial false bottom is higher, the mixing rate of waste rocks in the process of recovering the top-bottom ore column is low, the mineral separation recovery rate is high, and the economic benefit is good; in addition, the reinforcing steel bars and the anchor rods are connected with the side plates of the roadway, so that the safety is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present embodiment;

Fig. 2-is the installation schematic diagram of the anchor rod.

In the figure: 1-top plate, 2-roadway, 3-side plate, 4-anchor rod, 5-hanging rib, 6-cushion layer, 7-concrete, 8-support column, 9-transverse rib, 10-longitudinal rib, 11-tray, 12-nut, 13-thread, 14-anchor rod body, 15-wedge gap and 16-wedge.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

referring to fig. 1 and 2: the utility model provides an artificial false bottom, artificial false bottom is built in the tunnel, and artificial false bottom includes artificial false bottom body and stock 4, on 4 one ends of stock inserted the curb plate 3 in tunnel, 4 other ends of stock were connected through hanging muscle 5 with artificial false bottom body, artificial false bottom body is located the tunnel bottom plate, and artificial false bottom body includes the reinforcing bar net and sets up support column 8 in the reinforcing bar net below.

In this embodiment, the roadway is a variety of passages drilled between the earth's surface and the ore body for carrying ore, ventilation, drainage, pedestrians, and various necessary preparation works for newly excavating ore for mining metallurgical equipment. We define the floor of the roadway as the floor, the rocks on both sides of the roadway as the side panels, and the rocks at the top of the roadway as the roof.

In order to facilitate the shoveling and loading operation of a scraper in a roadway, firstly blasting a bottom plate to raise the bottom, wherein the raising depth is 500mm, and then carrying out leveling operation on the bottom plate of the roadway, wherein the leveling operation means leveling the bottom plate of the roadway, and the waste rocks in the roadway are completely treated to ensure that the roadway is as flat as possible. And (3) clearing accumulated water in a construction area, and treating pumice of the top plate 1 and the side plate 3, wherein the pumice is stone protruding from the side plate and the top plate, and the side plate and the top plate are required to be leveled as much as possible.

In order to reduce the damage effect of blasting impact on the artificial false bottom during the artificial false bottom mining operation, a cushion layer with the thickness of 20mm can be paved on the bottom plate, and the cushion layer 6 can be crushed ore or fine sand, preferably crushed ore, because the crushed ore can be directly taken and used on a construction site, the material and the transportation time are saved. Meanwhile, the cushion layer can also play a role in leveling the tunnel bottom plate.

And after finishing the leveling and cleaning work of the roadway, performing construction operation of the anchor rod hole. The design position of the anchor rod holes is on the side plate which is 1120mm away from the bottom plate of the roadway, and the horizontal distance between the anchor rod holes is 600 mm. After the position of the anchor rod hole is determined, red paint is used for marking, an YT-28 pneumatic drilling machine is used according to the marked position, a drill rod with the diameter of 25mm and the length of 1.2m and a drill bit with the diameter of 32mm are matched for anchor rod hole construction, the anchor rod hole is inclined downwards by 10 degrees to 15 degrees, and specifically, the anchor rod hole can be inclined downwards by 10 degrees. The downward inclination of the anchor rod hole is specific to the interior of the side plate, and after the anchor rod is installed, the anchor rod is inclined upwards to form an included angle with the side plate. The selection of the inclination angle of the anchor rod hole can reduce the transverse contact area of the anchor rod and the side plate and influence the later stability of the anchor rod if the angle is larger than 15 degrees and the anchor rod is inserted in due time; if the angle is less than 10, insert the stock in the time, can make stock and curb plate perpendicular gradually, fixed muscle of hanging on the stock in the time, it can drop to hang the muscle.

Thoroughly clearing the hole after the anchor rod hole is formed, blowing rock powder, installing the anchor rod, selecting a wedge seam type anchor rod for the anchor rod, taking the length of the anchor rod to be 1400mm, wherein the length of the anchor rod is composed of the length of an anchor rod body 14 and the length of an external thread 13 arranged at the end part of the anchor rod, and the drilling depth is 1200 mm. The wedge 16 is placed in the wedge seam 15 of the anchor rod, then the wedge seam type anchor rod with the diameter of 25mm and the length of 1400m is pressed into the hole of the anchor rod by a drilling machine, and the time for the drilling machine to impact the anchor rod is 3-5 min. After the bolt has been advanced, the length of the bolt remaining outside the hole is about 200 mm.

When the anchor rod and the anchor rod hole are constructed, the reinforcing mesh can be processed simultaneously, and the reinforcing mesh can be transported in after the construction outside or can be processed simultaneously with the construction of the anchor rod hole in a roadway. The reinforcing mesh comprises longitudinal bars 10 and transverse bars 9, the reinforcing mesh is arranged in a mode that the longitudinal bars are arranged below and the transverse bars are arranged above, the mesh size of the reinforcing mesh is 30mm multiplied by 30mm, the diameter of each longitudinal bar is 16mm, and the diameter of each transverse bar is 12 mm. After the steel bar is laid, the steel bar mesh binding operation is carried out immediately: winding and reinforcing by using a No. 24 iron wire, binding the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse bars, and tightly binding, wherein a technician monitors and checks the intersection at the side to ensure the stable structure of the reinforcing mesh; after the reinforcing steel bars are processed, the reinforcing steel bars are placed in water for cooling so as to prevent scalding.

The length of the processed longitudinal bar is not less than the width of the roadway at the installation position, namely the extending direction of the longitudinal bar is the width direction of the roadway, and two ends of the longitudinal bar needing to be lapped with the hanging bar are bent into hooks, so that the subsequent reinforcing mesh is connected with the anchor rod through the hanging bar conveniently. Hang the reinforcing bar that the muscle is hanging, hang the one end of muscle and connect on the stock, hang the muscle and connect the back on the stock, set up tray 11 in the outside of hanging the muscle, the tray passes the stock and hangs the muscle contact, the tray is outer along with the curb plate contact, reuse nut 12 twists along the external screw thread 13 of stock tip on, hug closely the tray on the curb plate, hang the other end connection of muscle and indulge the muscle. The tray is arranged at the joint of the anchor rod and the hanging rib so as to fix the hanging rib and prevent the hanging rib from falling off in the later period.

in this embodiment, before the reinforcing mesh is laid, 1-2 layers of plastic films need to be laid on the bottom plate, preferably two layers of plastic films are laid, and the plastic films are laid above the cushion layer, so that the artificial false bottom can be isolated from the ore body, and a water filtering effect is achieved.

place high 100 mm's support column on plastic film, support column 8 can select little stone, and the interval of support column is 1200mm, places the wire net on the support column again, and the setting of support column can lift off the ground 100mm in order to guarantee the reinforcing bar net, and follow-up concreting can cover the reinforcing bar net in the concrete completely.

And after the reinforcing mesh is laid, beginning concrete pouring construction. According to the actual conditions of a mine, 1 worker is arranged to carry out concrete batching construction on the ground surface, and required cement, sand (medium sand) and stones (with the particle size of 5-40 mm) are prepared according to the required concrete dosage of artificial bottom design.

After the concrete dry materials are prepared at one time, automobiles, cages and mine cars are used for being matched, the concrete dry materials are transported to an artificial false bottom construction site, 2-3 workers are arranged to carry out concrete pouring construction operation underground, water is poured to the concrete dry materials through underground water pipes at the construction site, the concrete dry materials are stirred, and the concrete dry materials are poured on site. And tamping the concrete by using a vibrating spear, completing one-time construction, ensuring the thickness of the artificial false bottom to be 500m, and completing the construction of the artificial false bottom. During construction, technicians should check and supervise whether the reinforcing mesh is 100mm high from the roadway floor, thereby ensuring that the reinforcing mesh is completely wrapped by concrete.

After the artificial false bottom is constructed, maintenance is needed, if the field condition is dry, personnel needs to be arranged to carry out watering and watering maintenance every day, if the field condition is wet and the moisture is more, natural maintenance is carried out, when the maintenance period reaches 28d, the artificial false bottom reaches the design strength, and equipment can run and walk on the artificial false bottom.

This artifical false bottom is built the back, need not to reserve the top end pillar of ore mining to the ore exploitation of artifical false bottom below again, because the reservation of top end pillar of ore mining is in order to support the stope, but the design of artifical false bottom, through inserting the curb plate stock to and the artifical false bottom body between the curb plate, make its artifical false bottom, the curb plate fuses, equally can play the supporting role to the stope, need not to reserve the top end pillar of ore mining like this, need not the later stage and retrieve the top end pillar of ore mining, practiced thrift the process. In addition, the artificial false bottom is poured by concrete, and if ores above the artificial false bottom are mined, the artificial false bottom cannot be mixed with the ores, so that the mixing rate of waste rocks is low, the mineral separation recovery rate is high, and the economic benefit is good.

A method for manufacturing an artificial false bottom comprises the following steps:

firstly, cleaning a roadway, a top plate and a side plate above the roadway;

Secondly, blasting the bottom plate, cleaning and laying a cushion layer;

thirdly, forming holes on the top plate or the side plate;

Fourthly, inserting an anchor rod into the hole, wherein the anchor rod is obliquely arranged with the top plate or the side plate;

Fifthly, binding a hanging bar at the end part of the anchor rod, connecting the lower end of the hanging bar with a reinforcing mesh, and positioning the reinforcing mesh above the cushion layer;

Sixthly, pouring concrete into the steel bar mesh and around the steel bar mesh to complete the construction of the artificial false bottom;

And seventhly, performing later maintenance on the artificial false bottom, and putting the artificial false bottom into use after the strength of the artificial false bottom reaches the strength.