阅读说明：本技术 一种无砟轨道结构自动监测装置 (Automatic monitoring device for ballastless track structure ) 是由 王森荣 孙立 林超 朱彬 李路遥 于 2019-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种无砟轨道结构自动监测装置,包括激光发射器、光电接收器和信号处理控制器；光电接收器固定在无砟轨道上,用于接收激光发射器发射的激光信号并将激光信号的位置数据发送至信号处理控制器；信号处理控制器接收各光电接收器发送的位置数据并进行校正；本发明通过预先分析PSD靶标的位置数据出现异常时对应的原因,建立位移阈值及变化阈值与异常原因之间的多级对应关系；在实时监测过程中,根据预先建立的对应关系对PSD靶标测得的位置数据进行校正与确准,排除伪异常数据并准确定位到设备异常时以及轨道结构出现离缝时对应的真异常数据,避免在轨道结构未出现异常时委派养护人员进行现场维护,额外增加铁路养护人员的工作量。(the invention discloses an automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure, which comprises a laser transmitter, a photoelectric receiver and a signal processing controller, wherein the laser transmitter is connected with the photoelectric receiver; the photoelectric receiver is fixed on the ballastless track and used for receiving the laser signal emitted by the laser emitter and sending the position data of the laser signal to the signal processing controller; the signal processing controller receives and corrects the position data sent by each photoelectric receiver; the method comprises the steps of establishing a multilevel corresponding relation between a displacement threshold value and a change threshold value and abnormal reasons by analyzing the corresponding reasons of the PSD target when the position data is abnormal in advance; in the real-time monitoring process, the position data measured by the PSD target is corrected and accurate according to the pre-established corresponding relation, the false abnormal data is eliminated, the corresponding true abnormal data is accurately positioned when the equipment is abnormal and the track structure is separated, the condition that maintenance personnel are dispatched to carry out field maintenance when the track structure is not abnormal is avoided, and the workload of railway maintenance personnel is additionally increased.)

1. An automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure is characterized by comprising a laser transmitter, at least one group of photoelectric receivers and a signal processing controller;

The photoelectric receiver is fixed on a ballastless track and used for receiving a laser signal emitted by the laser emitter and sending position data of the laser signal to the signal processing controller; the signal processing controller is used for receiving and correcting the position data sent by each photoelectric receiver, and the correction comprises the following steps:

When the position data is smaller than a first displacement threshold, comparing the position data with data acquired at the previous moment, and if the variation of the position data at the current moment and the previous moment exceeds a first variation threshold, marking the position data at the current moment as abnormal data and generating a continuous acquisition instruction; the continuous acquisition instruction is used for controlling the photoelectric receiver to continuously acquire a plurality of position data;

Comparing the plurality of continuously acquired position data with the position data at the current moment, and marking the position data at the current moment as normal data when the variation of the position data and the position data does not exceed a second variation threshold; generating a first early warning signal when the variation of the first early warning signal and the variation of the second early warning signal exceeds a third variation threshold; the first early warning signal is used for prompting that monitoring personnel equipment is abnormal.

2. The ballastless track structure automatic monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the correcting further comprises:

When the position data is larger than a first displacement threshold, comparing the position data with data acquired at the previous moment, and if the variation of the position data at the current moment and the previous moment exceeds a fourth variation threshold, marking the position data at the current moment as abnormal data and generating a continuous acquisition instruction; the continuous acquisition instruction is used for controlling the photoelectric receiver to continuously acquire a plurality of position data;

comparing the continuously acquired position data with the position data at the current moment, and generating a second early warning signal when the variation of the position data and the position data does not exceed a fifth variation threshold; the second early warning signal is used for prompting monitoring personnel that the track structure is possibly deformed; generating a first early warning signal when the variation of the first early warning signal and the variation of the second early warning signal exceeds a sixth variation threshold; the first early warning signal is used for prompting that monitoring personnel equipment is abnormal.

3. The ballastless track structure automatic monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the second variation threshold and the third variation threshold may be equal or different.

4. The ballastless track structure automatic monitoring device of claim 2, wherein the fourth variation threshold may be equal to or different from the first variation threshold; the fifth variation threshold and the sixth variation threshold may be equal or different.

5. The ballastless track structure automatic monitoring device of claim 2, wherein each set of photoelectric receivers comprises two PSD targets respectively installed at corresponding positions of a base plate and a track plate located at an upper layer of the base plate;

And the signal processing controller is also used for calculating the track seam separating parameters at the corresponding positions according to the position data output by the two PSD targets.

6. The automatic ballastless track structure monitoring device of claim 1 or 5, further comprising a wheel sensor, wherein the wheel sensor is fixed on the ballastless track and used for generating a detection signal when a train passes through and sending the detection signal to the signal processing controller so as to trigger the signal processing controller to collect position data output by the photoelectric receiver.

7. the automatic ballastless track structure monitoring device of claim 6, wherein the signal processing controller comprises a CPU control board, and a laser control module, a data acquisition module and a wheel sensing module which are connected with the CPU control board;

The laser control module is used for triggering the laser transmitter to transmit a laser signal under the control of the CPU control board; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring position data output by the photoelectric receiver under the control of the CPU control panel;

The CPU control board is used for correcting the position data to generate monitoring data;

The wheel sensing module is used for acquiring detection signals generated by the wheel sensors and sending the detection signals to the CPU control board.

8. the ballastless track structure automatic monitoring device of claim 7, wherein the signal processing controller further comprises a wireless communication module connected with the CPU control board;

the wireless communication module is used for receiving the control command sent by the remote monitoring center, sending the control command to the CPU control board and uploading the monitoring data and the device state parameters output by the CPU control board to the remote monitoring center.

9. the automatic ballastless track structure monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the signal processing controller further comprises a display module, a GPS time service module and a power supply module;

the GPS time service module is used for receiving GPS time information and providing a time reference for the signal processing controller;

The display module is used for displaying the monitoring data generated by the CPU control panel.

10. the automatic ballastless track structure monitoring device of claim 9, further comprising a storage battery, wherein the storage battery is connected to a power module in the signal processing controller through a power line, and is used for supplying power to the signal processing controller.

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the technical field of ballastless track structure crack measurement, and particularly relates to an automatic ballastless track structure monitoring device based on laser and PSD technologies.

Background

the ballastless track is a track structure which adopts integral foundations such as concrete, asphalt mixture and the like to replace a loose gravel track bed, is also called as a ballastless track, and is an advanced track technology in the world today. Compared with a ballast track, the ballastless track avoids the splashing of the ballast, has good smoothness, good stability, long service life, good durability and less maintenance work, and the running speed of the train can reach more than 350 kilometers. One of the main defect types of the ballastless track is an interlayer gap of a track structure, which mainly exists between a track slab, CA mortar and a base structure, and the interlayer gap seriously affects the driving safety of the high-speed railway and needs to be discovered and maintained in time. As the high-speed railway operates in a totally-closed manner in the daytime, the inspection of the gap of the track structure is mainly carried out manually by maintaining a skylight at night, and a measuring tool is mainly a feeler gauge; the manual inspection mode has the following disadvantages: firstly, visual conditions are poor at night, and the rail structure gap inspection is difficult to refine; secondly, the manual exploration has strong subjectivity, and the detection efficiency is low due to the large line detection range.

the PSD sensor is a position sensitive sensor and can measure the continuous position of a light spot on the surface of the detector and convert the position of the light spot on the photosensitive surface into an optical signal; a laser micro-displacement measurement system composed of a PSD sensor and laser is widely applied to the fields of position detection, non-contact continuous measurement and the like; the invention patent with the publication number of CN100460255C discloses a device, a system and a method for automatically monitoring steel rail parameters by using laser, which automatically measure the displacement of a steel rail by using the laser and transmit the measured value to a central processing unit through a wireless communication network, thereby realizing the remote monitoring of the displacement of an observation point and the temperature stress; the steel rail displacement laser measuring unit sends the change data of the laser signal to the central processing unit, the central processing unit obtains steel rail parameters after processing, and once the steel rail parameters are changed greatly, the possibility that the steel rail is displaced, expanded or broken is shown, and railway maintenance personnel need to be assigned to check and maintain on site.

Although the method can realize real-time and accurate monitoring of the temperature stress condition of the seamless line, the method has the following defects: the process of correcting and determining the displacement data measured by the steel rail displacement laser measuring unit is lacked, and in the continuous monitoring process, errors may occur in the steel rail parameters measured by the steel rail displacement laser measuring unit, and the errors may be accidental errors or equipment errors caused by equipment abnormity or installation looseness of a laser transmitter or a photoelectric detector; above two kinds of errors all can lead to the rail parameter that finally obtains to take place unusual change, if appoint railway maintenance personnel to go the scene under this condition and maintain the rail that does not appear unusually, increased railway maintenance personnel's work load undoubtedly, wasted manpower and materials.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at least one defect or improvement requirement in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure, which can timely find abnormal data and classify abnormal reasons corresponding to the abnormal data by correcting and determining displacement data measured by a PSD target, eliminate false abnormal data and accurately position corresponding real abnormal data when a gap occurs in the track structure, and avoid committing railway maintenance personnel to carry out field maintenance when the track structure is not abnormal.

in order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure, comprising a laser transmitter, at least one set of photoelectric receivers, and a signal processing controller;

The photoelectric receiver is fixed on a ballastless track and synchronously shifts with the track, and is used for receiving a laser signal emitted by the laser emitter and sending position data of the laser signal to the signal processing controller; the signal processing controller is used for receiving and correcting the position data sent by each photoelectric receiver, and the correction comprises the following steps:

when the position data is smaller than a first displacement threshold, comparing the position data with data acquired at the previous moment, and if the variation of the position data at the current moment and the previous moment exceeds a first variation threshold, marking the position data at the current moment as abnormal data and generating a continuous acquisition instruction; the continuous acquisition instruction is used for controlling the photoelectric receiver to continuously acquire a plurality of position data; comparing a plurality of continuously collected position data with the position data at the current moment:

when the variation of the two data does not exceed a second variation threshold, marking the position data at the current moment as normal data; generating a first early warning signal when the variation of the first early warning signal and the variation of the second early warning signal exceeds a third variation threshold; the first early warning signal is used for prompting that monitoring personnel equipment is abnormal.

Preferably, the above ballastless track structure automatic monitoring device, the signal processing controller of which corrects the position data, further includes:

when the position data is larger than a first displacement threshold, comparing the position data with data acquired at the previous moment, and if the variation of the position data at the current moment and the previous moment exceeds a fourth variation threshold, marking the position data at the current moment as abnormal data and generating a continuous acquisition instruction; the continuous acquisition instruction is used for controlling the photoelectric receiver to continuously acquire a plurality of position data; comparing a plurality of continuously collected position data with the position data at the current moment:

generating a second early warning signal when the variation of the first early warning signal and the second early warning signal does not exceed a fifth variation threshold; the second early warning signal is used for prompting monitoring personnel that the track structure is possibly deformed; generating a first early warning signal when the variation of the first early warning signal and the variation of the second early warning signal exceeds a sixth variation threshold; the first early warning signal is used for prompting that monitoring personnel equipment is abnormal.

Preferably, the second variation threshold and the third variation threshold of the automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure may be equal or different.

Preferably, the fourth variation threshold of the automatic monitoring device for the ballastless track structure may be equal to or different from the first variation threshold; the fifth variation threshold and the sixth variation threshold may be equal or different.

Preferably, in the automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure, each group of photoelectric receivers includes two PSD targets respectively installed at a base plate and at corresponding positions of a track plate located on an upper layer of the base plate;

and the signal processing controller is also used for calculating the track seam separating parameters at the corresponding positions according to the position data output by the two PSD targets.

preferably, the automatic monitoring device for the ballastless track structure further comprises a wheel sensor, wherein the wheel sensor is fixed on the ballastless track and used for generating a detection signal when a train passes through and sending the detection signal to the signal processing controller so as to trigger the signal processing controller to acquire position data output by the photoelectric receiver.

preferably, the signal processing controller of the automatic monitoring device for the ballastless track structure comprises a CPU control board, and a laser control module, a data acquisition module and a wheel sensing module which are connected with the CPU control board;

The laser control module is used for triggering the laser transmitter to transmit a laser signal under the control of the CPU control board; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring position data output by the photoelectric receiver under the control of the CPU control panel;

The CPU control board is used for correcting the position data to generate monitoring data;

the wheel sensing module is used for acquiring detection signals generated by the wheel sensors and sending the detection signals to the CPU control board.

Preferably, the signal processing controller of the automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure further comprises a wireless communication module connected with the CPU control board;

The wireless communication module is used for receiving the control command sent by the remote monitoring center, sending the control command to the CPU control board and uploading the monitoring data and the device state parameters output by the CPU control board to the remote monitoring center.

preferably, the signal processing controller of the automatic monitoring device for the ballastless track structure further comprises a display module, a GPS time service module and a power supply module;

the GPS time service module is used for receiving GPS time information and providing a time reference for the signal processing controller;

The display module is used for displaying the monitoring data generated by the CPU control panel.

Preferably, the automatic monitoring device for the ballastless track structure further comprises a storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with a power module in the signal processing controller through a power line and used for supplying power to the signal processing controller.

in general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

(1) the automatic monitoring device for the ballastless track structure provided by the invention establishes a multistage corresponding relation between a displacement threshold value and a change threshold value and an abnormal reason by analyzing the corresponding reason when the position data of the PSD target is abnormal in advance; in the real-time monitoring process, the position data measured by the PSD target is corrected and accurate according to the pre-established corresponding relation, so that abnormal data is found in time, abnormal reasons corresponding to the abnormal data are classified, false abnormal data is eliminated, the corresponding real abnormal data is accurately positioned when the equipment is abnormal and the track structure is separated, railway maintenance personnel are prevented from being assigned to carry out field maintenance when the track structure is not abnormal, and the workload of the railway maintenance personnel is additionally increased.

(2) according to the automatic monitoring device for the ballastless track structure, the laser and the PSD target are adopted to automatically measure the displacement data of the ballastless track, so that all-weather remote real-time monitoring of the gap of the track structure is realized, and the driving safety is ensured; compared with manual measurement, the method also has higher measurement precision.

drawings

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a logic block diagram of a signal processing controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure provided in this embodiment, and as shown in fig. 1, the automatic monitoring device for a ballastless track structure includes a laser transmitter, three sets of photoelectric receivers, and a signal processing controller; the laser transmitter, the photoelectric receiver and the signal processing controller are connected in a wired or wireless mode, and preferably, the embodiment performs three-wire connection through a power line, a control line and a signal line; each group of photoelectric receivers comprises two PSD targets which are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of a base plate and a track plate positioned on the upper layer of the base plate, namely, a PSD target is respectively arranged at the center and two ends of the track plate and the base plate, and each PSD target is fixed on a ballastless track and synchronously displaces with the ballastless track; a support frame is arranged at a certain distance from the central line of the line, and a laser generator is fixed on the support frame and respectively irradiates three pairs of parallel lasers to three groups of photoelectric receivers to be used as a relative displacement reference of the track structure; the photosensitive surface of each PSD target receives a laser signal emitted by a laser emitter, and position data of the laser signal is photoelectrically converted into a differential signal and then sent to a signal processing controller;

after the signal processing controller acquires the position data sent by each photoelectric receiver, correcting the position data; in this embodiment, the PSD target preferably adopts a two-dimensional PSD, and the output position data includes a longitudinal displacement (along the line direction) and a vertical displacement (perpendicular to the track structure direction), where the vertical displacement is mainly used to represent whether a ballastless track structure has a gap, and the longitudinal displacement generally has a small change, so that the vertical displacement data is mainly corrected in this embodiment; the correction process specifically comprises the following steps:

when the vertical displacement in the position data is within 3mm, comparing the vertical displacement with the data acquired at the previous moment, wherein the acquisition frequency of the data can be set according to the monitoring requirement, and the acquisition frequency in the embodiment is acquired for 1 time every 15 min; if the variation of the position data at the current moment and the previous moment exceeds 30%, the probability of the ballastless track having the gap is high; marking the position data of the current moment as abnormal data and generating a continuous acquisition instruction; the continuous acquisition instruction is used for controlling the photoelectric receiver to continuously acquire and output a plurality of position data; the signal processing controller compares a plurality of position data continuously acquired by the photoelectric receiver with the position data at the current moment: if the continuously acquired position data and the variation of the position data at the current moment are within 10%, the abnormality of the position data at the current moment is caused by accidental errors of an instrument or the gap of a ballastless track is within a normal allowable range, and no processing can be performed, and the position data at the current moment is marked as normal data; if the variation of the two devices is still larger than 20%, for example, it indicates that the field acquisition device is abnormal, for example, the PSD target loosens, which causes a nonlinear relationship between the displacement measured by the PSD target and the displacement of the ballastless track, a first early warning signal is generated, and the first early warning signal is used for prompting a monitoring person that the device is abnormal and notifying a device maintenance person to maintain the field device.

when the vertical displacement in the position data is more than 3mm, comparing the vertical displacement with the data acquired at the previous moment, and if the variation of the position data at the current moment and the previous moment exceeds 30%, marking the position data at the current moment as abnormal data and generating a continuous acquisition instruction; the continuous acquisition instruction is used for controlling the photoelectric receiver to continuously acquire and output a plurality of position data; the signal processing controller compares a plurality of position data continuously acquired by the photoelectric receiver with the position data at the current moment:

if the variation of the plurality of continuously collected position data and the position data at the current moment is within 5%, immediately generating a second early warning signal and sending the second early warning signal to a work department, wherein the second early warning signal is used for prompting that the track structure of the monitoring personnel is possibly deformed, and the work department sends the work personnel to the road for on-site verification by using a feeler gauge; if the variation of the two data is still different greatly, for example, more than 20%, the large fluctuation of the data may be caused by abnormality of the field acquisition device, for example, the PSD target loosens, so that a nonlinear relationship exists between the displacement measured by the PSD target and the displacement of the ballastless track, a first early warning signal is generated, and the first early warning signal is used for prompting the monitoring personnel that the device is abnormal and informing the monitoring personnel to perform field maintenance on the device.

The specific threshold indexes in the above technical solutions, such as 3mm, 30%, 20%, 5%, etc., are examples of this embodiment, and may be set by itself according to actual experience and the specific structure of the track in the specific operation process, which is not limited in this embodiment.

In the embodiment, by analyzing the reason corresponding to the position data of the PSD target in the abnormal state in advance, the multilevel corresponding relation between the displacement threshold value and the change threshold value and the abnormal reason is established; in the real-time monitoring process, the position data measured by the PSD target is corrected and accurate according to the pre-established corresponding relation, so that abnormal data is found in time, abnormal reasons corresponding to the abnormal data are classified, false abnormal data is eliminated, the corresponding real abnormal data is accurately positioned when the equipment is abnormal and the track structure is separated, railway maintenance personnel are prevented from being assigned to carry out field maintenance when the track structure is not abnormal, and the workload of the railway maintenance personnel is additionally increased.

In addition, the signal processing controller can also calculate the track gap parameters at the corresponding positions according to the vertical displacement in the position data output by the two PSD targets in each group of photoelectric receivers, so that monitoring personnel can visually acquire the structural parameters of the ballastless track.

For the longitudinal displacement in the position data, the embodiment also sets a correction operation, specifically, a longitudinal displacement threshold is preset, and when the longitudinal displacement in the position data output by the PSD target exceeds the longitudinal displacement threshold, for example, 5cm, the acquired data is considered to be pseudo-abnormal data caused by accidental errors or equipment abnormality, and the position data is directly removed. Because the ballastless track structure generally cannot have longitudinal displacement exceeding 5cm, the method takes the longitudinal displacement threshold as an index to eliminate abnormal values caused by accidental errors or equipment abnormality, and improves the accuracy of true abnormal data positioning.

Preferably, the device for automatically monitoring the structure of the ballastless track further comprises a wheel sensor, wherein the wheel sensor is fixed on the ballastless track and used for generating a detection signal when a train passes through and sending the detection signal to the signal processing controller so as to trigger the signal processing controller to acquire the position data output by the photoelectric receiver. Because the ballastless track is stressed greatly when a train passes through, and the track structure is deformed more easily, the wheel sensors are arranged to timely detect and feed back train passing signals, the signal processing controller is informed to timely acquire position data output by each PSD target, structural parameters of the ballastless track are monitored, and abnormal conditions are found timely.

fig. 2 is a logic block diagram of the signal processing controller provided in this embodiment, and as shown in fig. 2, the signal processing controller includes a CPU control board, and a laser control module, a data acquisition module, a wheel sensing module, a 4G communication module, a display module, a GPS time service module, and a power module that are connected to the CPU control board;

The laser control module is used for triggering the laser transmitter to transmit a laser signal under the control of the CPU control board; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring position data output by the photoelectric receiver under the control of the CPU control panel;

The CPU control board is mainly used for controlling the operation of the whole device, correcting the received position data and generating monitoring data;

The wheel sensing module is used for acquiring detection signals generated by the wheel sensors and sending the detection signals to the CPU control board;

The 4G communication module is used for receiving the control command sent by the remote monitoring center, sending the control command to the CPU control board and uploading the monitoring data and the device state parameters output by the CPU control board to the remote monitoring center. The signal processing controller is a control processing communication center of the whole device, communicates with a remote monitoring center through a 4G communication module, receives a control command and uploads monitoring data and device state parameters;

The GPS time service module is used for receiving GPS time information and providing a time reference for the signal processing controller; the display module is used for displaying the monitoring data generated by the CPU control board.

The automatic monitoring device for the ballastless track structure in the embodiment further comprises a storage battery, wherein the storage battery is connected with the power module in the signal processing controller through a power line and is used for supplying power to the online monitoring device.

Compared with the existing laser automatic monitoring device, the ballastless track structure automatic monitoring device provided by the invention establishes a multistage corresponding relation between the displacement threshold value and the change threshold value and the abnormal reason by analyzing the corresponding reason when the position data of the PSD target is abnormal in advance; in the real-time monitoring process, the position data measured by the PSD target is corrected and accurate according to the pre-established corresponding relation, so that abnormal data is found in time, abnormal reasons corresponding to the abnormal data are classified, false abnormal data is eliminated, the corresponding real abnormal data is accurately positioned when the equipment is abnormal and the track structure is separated, railway maintenance personnel are prevented from being assigned to carry out field maintenance when the track structure is not abnormal, and the workload of the railway maintenance personnel is additionally increased. The laser and the PSD target are adopted to automatically measure the displacement data of the ballastless track, so that all-weather remote real-time monitoring of the gap of the track structure is realized, and the driving safety is ensured; compared with manual measurement, the method also has higher measurement precision.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.