阅读说明：本技术 一种云牛膝茎和/或叶和/或根的提取物、提取方法和应用 (Extract of stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata, extraction method and application ) 是由 徐寒梅 戚微岩 董瑶 于 2018-05-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种云牛膝茎和/或叶和/或根的提取物、提取方法和应用,属于医药保健品领域。所述提取物为云牛膝多糖,所述云牛膝多糖的单糖基本结构单元包括果糖和葡萄糖。该云牛膝多糖由所述的云牛膝茎和/或叶和/或根的提取物纯化所得,所述云牛膝多糖分子量范围为1～3kD。所述的云牛膝茎和/或叶和/或根的提取物的提取方法,提取剂为碱水或乙醇。本发明的方法克服了目前云牛膝的研究存在空白、药用价值开发不足的问题,本发明的云牛膝多糖与已公布的云牛膝多糖相比,具有更高的免疫活性、降血糖活性和保肝活性,利于推广,可用于提高免疫活性型、降血糖型及保肝型的保健食品及药品的开发。(The invention discloses an extract of stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata, an extraction method and application, belonging to the field of medical and health-care products. The extract is achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, and monosaccharide basic structural units of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide comprise fructose and glucose. The achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is obtained by purifying the extract of stems, leaves and/or roots of achyranthes bidentata, and the molecular weight of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is 1-3 kD. The extraction method of the extract of the stem, leaf and/or root of the achyranthes yunnanensis comprises the step of extracting the extract by using alkaline water or ethanol. Compared with the published achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide has higher immunocompetence, hypoglycemic activity and hepatoprotective activity, is beneficial to popularization, and can be used for developing health-care foods and medicines with the immunocompetence type, the hypoglycemic type and the hepatoprotective type.)

1. An extract of the stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata characterized in that: the extract is achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide; the monosaccharide basic structural unit of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide comprises fructose and glucose.

2. the method for extracting stem, leaf and/or root extract of achyranthes bidentata as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the extractant of the extract is alkaline water or ethanol.

3. The method for extracting the extract from the stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the pH value of the alkaline water is 8-9.

4. The achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is characterized in that: the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is obtained by purifying the extract of the stems and/or leaves and/or roots of achyranthes bidentata of claim 1, and the monosaccharide basic structural unit of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is as follows:

Wherein n ₁ is 0-6, n ₂ is 0-3, and n ₃ is 0-3.

5. The achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide of claim 4, wherein: the molecular weight range of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is 1-3 kD.

6. A health food, which is characterized in that: the health food comprises the extract of stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata as claimed in claim 1 or the polysaccharide of achyranthes bidentata as claimed in claim 4.

7. A health medicine is characterized in that: the nutraceutical comprises the extract of stem and/or leaf and/or root of Achyranthus niveus as claimed in claim 1 or the Achyranthus niveus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 4.

8. the health food according to claim 6, wherein: the health food comprises any one of immunity-improving health food, blood sugar-lowering health food or liver-protecting health food.

9. The health medicine according to claim 7, wherein: the health-care medicine comprises any one of immunity-improving health-care medicines, blood sugar-reducing health-care medicines or liver-protecting health-care medicines.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of medical health-care products, and particularly relates to an extract of stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes yunnanensis, an extraction method and application.

Background

The health product is a popular way of health food. The definition of health food in the national food and drug administration (CFDA) is: the health food is a food claimed to have a specific health function or to supplement vitamins and minerals. The food is suitable for specific people, has the function of regulating the organism, does not aim at treating diseases, and does not produce any acute, subacute or chronic harm to human bodies.

By far, the number of specific health food functions permitted by our country for registration applications is 27, which are: 1. enhancing immunity; 2. assisting in reducing blood fat; 3. assisting in reducing blood sugar; 4. oxidation resistance; 5. the memory is improved in an auxiliary way; 6. relieving visual fatigue; 7. promoting lead removal; 8. clearing heat from throat; 9. assisting in lowering blood pressure; 10. improving sleep; 11. promoting lactation; 12. physical fatigue is relieved; 13. improving anoxia endurance; 14. the auxiliary protection function is realized on radiation damage; 15. losing weight; 16. improving growth and development; 17. increasing bone density; 18. improving nutritional anemia; 19. auxiliary protection effect on chemical liver injury; 20. acne is removed; 21. chloasma is removed; 22. improving skin moisture; 23. improving the oil content of the skin; 24. regulating intestinal flora; 25. promoting digestion; 26. relaxing the bowels; 27. has auxiliary protection function to the damage of gastric mucosa.

The health care product should be a health-care product as the name implies, and comprises the following components: is the purpose of guarantee and protection; health: is a good health, body-building and sound-care idea; product (2) preparation: refers to a product, a food, an article or an apparatus. Along with the improvement of living standard, the health care consciousness of people is strengthened, so that the market of the health care product is wide.

The immunity is a defense mechanism of a human body, and the human body recognizes and eliminates any foreign matters (viruses, bacteria and the like) invaded from the outside; the ability to treat senescent, damaged, dead, degenerating self-cells, and to recognize and treat mutant and virally infected cells in vivo. Although the human body can produce corresponding antibodies to different pathogens to prevent the re-infection, the antibodies have specificity and time limitation, for example, streptococcus antibodies can only protect the body from the re-invasion of streptococcus in a short period of time and cannot prevent the infection of other viruses. People with low immunity can not resist the attack of cold viruses at all, which is the true reason for frequent colds.

Hyperglycemia refers to a condition in which a person's blood sugar is higher than normal, and if the condition persists, it is harmful to all parts of the human body. Hyperglycemia may be caused by a variety of causes, either genetic factors or by other diseases. However, with the continuous improvement of modern living standard, most factors are poor living habits and environments, young people at present mostly like fast food with high calorie, do not like vegetables and fruits, and long-term eating habits can cause high blood sugar.

The liver injury can be divided into immunological liver injury and chemical liver injury, and along with the development of economy and the improvement of living standard of people, the incidence of the chemical liver injury is higher and higher, and the life health of people is seriously influenced, so that high attention is paid. With the development of society, industrial pollution is increasingly aggravated. Polluted air, water, food, medicines and alcohol used in daily life can all generate a large amount of free radicals to damage liver cells, resulting in chemical liver injury. Meanwhile, the improvement of the living standard of people, the expansion of social circles, the sudden increase of the global alcohol sales and the obvious increase of the occurrence of alcoholic liver diseases become a non-negligible hidden killer. The number of patients suffering from fatty liver and alcoholic liver in China is increasing continuously, and the ages of the patients tend to be low. Therefore, the research and development of products with auxiliary protection effect on chemical liver injury become an important subject of the present society.

Therefore, whether it is good to adopt health foods for improving immunity, reducing blood sugar or protecting liver, it is more and more desirable to use one health food while solving the above problems.

Achyranthes bidentata, another name: kou knee, latin name: achyranthes bidenta blume. Achyranthis radix can be classified into Achyranthis radix and Cyathula root according to different producing areas. Achyranthes root is mainly distributed in the south of Henan, named as achyranthes root because of ancient Huaiqingfu produced mainly, and is one of the four great Huai nations, and is also distributed in Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning places and the like. Cyathula root is cultivated in Sichuan in large quantities, and Fujian, Yunnan and Guizhou are also introduced, and Sichuan is produced as genuine medicinal materials.

Scientists extract 2 polysaccharides with different structures and smaller relative molecular mass from radix achyranthis bidentatae and radix cyathulae, which are named as radix achyranthis bidentatae polysaccharides (AbPS) and Radix Cyathulae Polysaccharides (RCP). Since the research on AbPs is more intensive, achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides in the general sense means AbPs. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides have been studied for a long time, and for example, a method for extracting achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides from achyranthes bidentata was disclosed in a patent application with a Chinese patent application No. CN88105524 and a publication date of 06/12 in 1989. The invention takes the traditional Chinese medicine achyranthes as raw material, the soaking solution of the achyranthes is subjected to secondary fractional precipitation by using acetone which is mutually soluble with water, and then dialysis and freeze drying are carried out, and the obtained crude achyranthes polysaccharide is subjected to primary alcohol precipitation to obtain the refined product of the achyranthes polysaccharide. The patent application with Chinese patent application No. CN02110987.7 and publication date of 2003, 2.19 discloses achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide derivatives, and a preparation method and application thereof. The achyranthes polysaccharide derivative includes achyranthes polysaccharide phosphate and hydroxyalkyl achyranthes polysaccharide, and it is prepared with phosphorylating reagent or hydroxyalkylating reagent and achyranthes polysaccharide in corresponding condition to produce achyranthes polysaccharide derivative in different substitution degree.

Achyranthes bidentata (Achyranthus aspera L.var. rugrafusaca (light) hook.f. [ A.rugro-fusca Wi-right ]) is also called Achyranthes aspera, Achyranthes aspera and ragweed, is a variety of Achyranthes aspera, and is the root and rhizome of Achyranthes aspera which is a plant of Amaranthaceae, such as Achyranthes aspera. According to records in Yunnan materia medica, Yun niu can be used for treating furuncle and carbuncle-abscess and applied to the affected part; the tire can be punctured; it can be stewed with pork for eating in the tomorrow. Radix Achyranthis bidentatae is a variety of radix Achyranthis bidentatae, which is a specific plant in Yunnan province. Through retrieval, the prior art also has applications on the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, for example, the application with the Chinese patent application number of CN201610283822.4 and the publication date of 2016, 08 and 17 discloses an extract of the stem, leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata, an extraction method and application thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Problems to be solved

Aiming at the problems of unreasonable utilization and large amount of waste of the achyranthes bidentata due to blank research and insufficient development of medicinal value of the achyranthes bidentata at present, the invention aims to provide an extract, an extraction method and application of stems, leaves and/or roots of the achyranthes bidentata.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

The invention provides an extract of stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata, which is achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide; the monosaccharide basic structural unit of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide comprises fructose and glucose.

As a further improvement, the invention provides an achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide which is obtained by purifying the extract of the stems and/or leaves and/or roots of achyranthes bidentata, wherein the monosaccharide basic structural unit of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is as follows:

Wherein n ₁ is 0-6, n ₂ is 0-3, and n ₃ is 0-3.

As a further improvement of the invention, the molecular weight range of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is 1-3 kD.

As a further improvement of the invention, the extraction method of the extract of the stem, leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata is characterized in that the extractant of the extract is alkaline water (alkaline aqueous solution) or ethanol.

As a further improvement of the invention, the extraction method of the extract of the stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes yunnanensis comprises the following steps:

1) Heating stem and/or leaf and/or root of radix Achyranthis with water bath, and extracting with alkaline water or ethanol to obtain radix Achyranthis polysaccharide;

2) Adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide extracted in the step 1), standing overnight, removing the ethyl alcohol, and dissolving the precipitate with water;

3) Freeze-drying the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide treated in the step 2) to obtain the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide extract.

As a further improvement of the invention, the pH value of the alkaline water in the step 1) is 8-9. .

As a further improvement of the invention, the water bath heating temperature in the step 1) is 70-90 ℃, and the extraction times are 2 times.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the present invention provides a health food comprising the extract of stem and/or leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata or the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide.

As a further improvement, the invention provides a health-care medicine which comprises the extract of the stem and/or leaf and/or root of the achyranthes bidentata blume or the achyranthes bidentata blume polysaccharide.

As a further improvement of the invention, the health-care food comprises any one of immunity-improving health-care food, blood sugar-reducing health-care food or liver-protecting health-care food.

as a further improvement of the invention, the health-care medicine comprises any one of immunity-improving health-care medicines, blood sugar-reducing health-care medicines or liver-protecting health-care medicines.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The invention relates to an extract of stem, leaf and/or root of achyranthes yunnanensis, which overcomes the problems of blank research and insufficient development of medicinal value of the current achyranthes yunnanensis, wherein the extracted polysaccharide structural units comprise fructose and glucose, and the achyranthes yunnanensis polysaccharide unit disclosed by the patent application number CN201610283822.4 has the structure of glucose, galactose and galacturonic acid, and is compared with the published achyranthes yunnanensis polysaccharide: on one hand, the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is simpler in structure; secondly, the contrast immune activity experiment, the blood sugar reducing activity experiment and the liver protection activity experiment of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide show that the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide has higher immune activity, blood sugar reducing activity and liver protection activity, and particularly in the experiment of the influence of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide on fasting blood sugar of hyperglycemia model animals, the percentage of blood sugar reduction caused by the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is 2 times of that of the contrast achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, so that the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide can be prepared into immunity enhancing type, liver protection type, blood sugar reducing type health food and anti-tumor drugs, has more excellent treatment effect and is beneficial to popularization.

(2) According to the extract of the stem, the leaf and/or the root of achyranthes bidentata of the invention, the constitutional units of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide in the extract comprise fructose and glucose, the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide with the structure accords with the national regulations for health food and traditional Chinese medicine, and the prepared health food or medicine can achieve more excellent effects of improving immunity, protecting liver, reducing blood sugar and the like, and simultaneously has the functions of resisting tumors and the like, is suitable for most people to eat, does not generate any side effect or adverse reaction, and is beneficial to popularization.

(3) The extract of stem, leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata is designed according to an evaluation test item, a test principle and a result judgment of health food by an immunity enhancing function evaluation method (a request for comments), an evaluation test item, a test principle and a result judgment of an auxiliary blood sugar reducing function evaluation method, an evaluation test item, a test principle and a result judgment of health food by an auxiliary protection function evaluation method (a revision manuscript) for chemical liver injury, and the evaluation test item, the test principle and the result judgment of the health food, and meets the evaluation and application requirements of CFDA health food; the stem, leaf and root positions of the achyranthes bidentata are mainly developed, the cost is low, waste is turned into wealth, and the method has remarkable social value and market value and good development and application prospects.

(4) The extraction method of the extract of the stem, leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata of the invention comprises the steps of firstly heating the stem, leaf and/or root of achyranthes bidentata by adopting water bath, then extracting the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide by using alkaline water or ethanol, and finally obtaining the purified achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide of which the basic structural unit is glucose and fructose; the extraction method provided by the invention is simple to operate, stable and reliable in extraction result and beneficial to popularization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a Yuniu polysaccharide carbon spectrum;

FIG. 2 is a hydrogen spectrum of Eupatorium fortunei polysaccharide;

FIG. 3 is a mass spectrum of Achyranthus niveus polysaccharide in positive ion mode;

FIG. 4 is a mass spectrum of Achyranthus niveus polysaccharide under negative ion mode;

FIG. 5 is a graph of ear swelling in test mice;

FIG. 6 is a graph of spleen indices of test mice.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.